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Rendering and AffectRendering and AffectA look into emotive invariants A look into emotive invariants
through NPRthrough NPR
J.J. GibsonJ.J. Gibson
““Ecological Psychology”Ecological Psychology”
Theory of AffordancesTheory of Affordances
Some affordances are biological, others Some affordances are biological, others are environmentalare environmental
Perception is not mediated by memoryPerception is not mediated by memory
(Medin 2001)
InvariantsInvariants
They can reflect the stable properties of They can reflect the stable properties of entities and properties of behaviors over entities and properties of behaviors over time.time.
They can apply across a range of They can apply across a range of abstraction levelsabstraction levels
They can be restricted in some way by the They can be restricted in some way by the context (culture, task or environment)context (culture, task or environment)
Latent KnowledgeLatent Knowledge
Knowledge we access unconsciouslyKnowledge we access unconsciously
Hardwired knowledgeHardwired knowledge
Affects automated judgmentsAffects automated judgments
Not available to introspectionNot available to introspection
Why use non photorealistic rendering to Why use non photorealistic rendering to explore these phenomena?explore these phenomena?
NPR gives psychologists more freedom represent NPR gives psychologists more freedom represent structural information allowing them to discover structural information allowing them to discover invariantsinvariants
NPR can be stylized in order to elicit affective responsesNPR can be stylized in order to elicit affective responses
“NPR can effectively render objects and images in non-realistic styles without influencing primary feature binding processes necessary for basic object identification” (Halper 2004)
Evidence of cross-modal invariantsEvidence of cross-modal invariants
Takete Uloomo
(Davis 1961)
Invariants in motionInvariants in motion
Brownian Motion
Heider-Simmel experiments
Interacting Cognitive SubsystemsInteracting Cognitive Subsystems
A cognitive model of human information A cognitive model of human information processingprocessing
Cognitition is an activity distributed Cognitition is an activity distributed between 9 subsystemsbetween 9 subsystems
Distinguishes between propositional and Distinguishes between propositional and implicational meaningimplicational meaning Propositional (Semantic network)Propositional (Semantic network) Implicational (Holistic, Affective, Ideational)Implicational (Holistic, Affective, Ideational)
Sensory Subsystems:
VIS visual
AC acoustic
BS proprioceptive
Structural Subsystems:
OBJ object (mental imagery)
MPL morphonolexical
Meaning Subsystems
PROP propositional
IMPLIC implicational
Effector Subsystems:
ART articulatory
LIM motion of limbs, eyes, etc.
Assessment of Safety and DangerAssessment of Safety and Danger
Sharp Objects represent danger
Smooth Objects represent safety
Assessment of Safety and DangerAssessment of Safety and Danger
Assessment of Strength and Assessment of Strength and WeaknessWeakness
Used silhouette Used silhouette thickness & line thickness & line stylization as the stylization as the independent variablesindependent variables
Hypothesized thicker Hypothesized thicker silhouette would be silhouette would be mapped to an mapped to an attribution of strengthattribution of strength
Goal Directed InteractionGoal Directed Interaction
Exploration
Goal Directed InteractionGoal Directed Interaction
Way finding
ApplicationsApplications
CAD/CAM mechanical drawings and CAD/CAM mechanical drawings and architecturearchitecture
Computer GamesComputer Games
User InterfacesUser Interfaces
Virtual EnvironmentsVirtual Environments
ReferencesReferences
Davis, R. The fitness of names to drawings. British Davis, R. The fitness of names to drawings. British Journal of Psychology. 52:259-268. 1961.Journal of Psychology. 52:259-268. 1961.
Duke D.J., Barnard P.J. et al. Rendering and Affect. Duke D.J., Barnard P.J. et al. Rendering and Affect. Computer Graphics Forum. 22(3): 359 – 368. 2003.Computer Graphics Forum. 22(3): 359 – 368. 2003.
Halper N., Mellin, D.J., et al. Implicational rendering: Halper N., Mellin, D.J., et al. Implicational rendering: Drawing on latent human knowledge. ACM Drawing on latent human knowledge. ACM Transactions on Applied Perception. 2004.Transactions on Applied Perception. 2004.
Medin D.L., Ross B. H., Markman A. B. Medin D.L., Ross B. H., Markman A. B. Cognitive Cognitive PsychologyPsychology. Harcourt Publishers 2001.. Harcourt Publishers 2001.