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Renate Cervinka & Ernst Neudorfer 18h IAPS Conference, Vienna 2004
Sewage in the city -odour annoyance and evaluation of
mitigation measures
Renate Cervinka & Ernst Neudorfer Medical University of Vienna/Austria
Renate Cervinka & Ernst Neudorfer 18h IAPS Conference, Vienna 2004
Odour annoyance from sewers
formation of odourous gases
anaerobic conditions in the sewage water
(oxygen deficiency)
odour annoyance
Renate Cervinka & Ernst Neudorfer 18h IAPS Conference, Vienna 2004
Project 1: 1999-2002
Project 2: 2002
Project 3: 2003
Combating odour annoyance
Renate Cervinka & Ernst Neudorfer 18h IAPS Conference, Vienna 2004
Physical/chemical measurements(project 1)
Psychometric assessments
Methods of evaluation/assessment
Renate Cervinka & Ernst Neudorfer 18h IAPS Conference, Vienna 2004
Odour: Noise:
Repeated brief questioning by postcards
(according to VDI 3883/2)
Renate Cervinka & Ernst Neudorfer 18h IAPS Conference, Vienna 2004
Project 1
Project 1
Renate Cervinka & Ernst Neudorfer 18h IAPS Conference, Vienna 2004
Problem:
Odour annoyance from the sewer system
Technical solution:
Addition of calcium-nitrate
( Prevention of anoxic decomposition processes)
Psychological Part:
Evaluation of the mitigation measure (assessment of odour
annoyance) [Questionaire & repeated brief questioning]
Project 1
Sample:
529 households
Renate Cervinka & Ernst Neudorfer 18h IAPS Conference, Vienna 2004
Project 1
Expectations of the residents
•Sealing of manhole covers
•Reducing the amout of manhole covers
•Installation of a filter system
•Accelerating the flow of the sewage water
•more frequent cleaning of the sewers
•etc.
Measure applied:•Addition of calcium-nitrate
discrepance
Renate Cervinka & Ernst Neudorfer 18h IAPS Conference, Vienna 2004
Project 1
Odour and Noise AnnoyanceOdour Noise
3,5
(Mean)
(street 1) (street 2)
Renate Cervinka & Ernst Neudorfer 18h IAPS Conference, Vienna 2004
Project 1
Odourous gases (H2S) in the canal air:
1999
2001
Renate Cervinka & Ernst Neudorfer 18h IAPS Conference, Vienna 2004
Project 1
Reduction of odour annoyance 1999-2001(street 1)
0
2
4
6
8
10
Time
An
no
yan
ce(S
tree
t 1)
1999
0
2
4
6
8
10
Time
An
no
yan
ce(S
tree
t 1)
2000
1999
significant reduction (F=7,55; df=2/7; p=.018; n=9)
0
2
4
6
8
10
Time
An
no
yan
ce(S
tree
t 1)
2000
1999
2001
Renate Cervinka & Ernst Neudorfer 18h IAPS Conference, Vienna 2004
Project 1
Correlations: Odour annoyance - H2S
Pearson-correlation, one-way (**p=0,01)
1999 2000 2001street 1 0,76** 0,80** 0,09
street 2 -- 0,82** 0,76**
street 3 -- -- 0,75**
street 4 -- -- 0,27
Renate Cervinka & Ernst Neudorfer 18h IAPS Conference, Vienna 2004
Project 1
Noise now predominating env. stressor(street 2)
Odour and noise annoyance 2000-2001
2
4
6
8
10
week
25
week
26
week
27
week
28
week
29
week
30
week
31
week
32
week
33
week
34
week
35
week
36
week
37
week
38
week
39
Time
An
no
yan
ce
Odour annoyance 2000 Noise annoyance 2000
Odour annoyance 2001 Noise annoyance 2001
Renate Cervinka & Ernst Neudorfer 18h IAPS Conference, Vienna 2004
Project 1
Conclusions (Project 1)
•Different expactations (residents/experts)
communication/complaint management
•Noise as an additional stressor
holistic mitigation measures
•High correlations between H2S and odour annoyance
•Reduction of emissions turned out to be a long-term task
Renate Cervinka & Ernst Neudorfer 18h IAPS Conference, Vienna 2004
Project 2
Project 2
Renate Cervinka & Ernst Neudorfer 18h IAPS Conference, Vienna 2004
Problem:
Complaints about odour annoyance
Method:
Survey of locally existing environmental stressors [Questionaire]
Project 2
Sample:
204 households
Question:
Does the application of sewer treatment make sense?
Renate Cervinka & Ernst Neudorfer 18h IAPS Conference, Vienna 2004
Project 2
AnnoyanceNoise
(Mean)
3,5
Odour
3,5
Renate Cervinka & Ernst Neudorfer 18h IAPS Conference, Vienna 2004
Project 2
Sources of malodour
Perception of odours from different sources
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50%
domestic fire
agriculture
industry
waste treatment plants
sewer
traffic
percentage
Perception of odours from different sources
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50%
domestic fire
agriculture
industry
waste treatment plants
sewer
traffic
percentage
Perception of odours from different sources
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50%
domestic fire
agriculture
industry
waste treatment plants
sewer
traffic
percentage
Perception of odours from different sources
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50%
domestic fire
agriculture
industry
waste treatment plants
sewer
traffic
percentage
Perception of odours from different sources
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50%
domestic fire
agriculture
industry
waste treatment plants
sewer
traffic
percentage
Renate Cervinka & Ernst Neudorfer 18h IAPS Conference, Vienna 2004
Project 2
Conclusions (Project 2)
•Planned: treatment of sewage water
•Recommendation:
Holistic mitigation measure needed
(Argumentation: Due to several environmental stressors only sewage mitigation will not result in an improvement of perceived environmental quality)
Renate Cervinka & Ernst Neudorfer 18h IAPS Conference, Vienna 2004
Project 3
Project 3
Renate Cervinka & Ernst Neudorfer 18h IAPS Conference, Vienna 2004
Technical measure:
Examination of 2 simple and cost-efficient measures
Objective:
Evaluation of odour mitigation measures
Problem:
Complaints about odour annoyance
Project 3
Sample:
199 households
Method:
Assessment of odour annoyance [repeated brief questioning]
Renate Cervinka & Ernst Neudorfer 18h IAPS Conference, Vienna 2004
Odour annoyance(summer 2003)
0
2
4
6
8
10
Time (week)
od
ou
r a
nn
oy
an
ce
Kanalstraße control area
Odour annoyance(summer 2003)
0
2
4
6
8
10
Time (week)
od
ou
r a
nn
oy
an
ce
Kanalstraße control area
Odour annoyance(summer 2003)
0
2
4
6
8
10
Time (week)
od
ou
r a
nn
oy
an
ce
Kanalstraße control area
Measure
Project 3
Annoyance during summer 2003
Renate Cervinka & Ernst Neudorfer 18h IAPS Conference, Vienna 2004
Project 3
Conclusion (Project 3)
•No reduction of odour annoyance in comparison to control area
measures taken are not working sufficiently
Renate Cervinka & Ernst Neudorfer 18h IAPS Conference, Vienna 2004
Conclusions (Project 1 to 3)
Psychological assessmentwas applied successfully
within the transdisciplinary approach!
Renate Cervinka & Ernst Neudorfer 18h IAPS Conference, Vienna 2004
Conclusions (Project 1 to 3)
•Implement a proper complaint management and PR-strategy in time!
•In most cases combined environmental stressors are in action! In such a case only comprehensive mitigation measures will bring a sufficient improvement in environmental quality.
•Take in mind the diverse perceptions and expectations of technicians and residents!
•Technical project management as well as annoyance reduction turned out to be a long term task!
•Sometimes competing methods for mitigation are available. Apropriate testing including psychological approaches will facilitate technical expert’s decisions!
Renate Cervinka & Ernst Neudorfer 18h IAPS Conference, Vienna 2004
Thank you for your attention!
http://www.univie.ac.at/umwelthygiene/geruch/