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1
Renaissance Art Themes
• Classicism
• Individualism
• Secularism
• Nudes
• Nature
• Youth
• Religion
“Dead Christ” Andrea Mantegna
2
Medieval Art – One dimensional and
always focused on religious themes
Sample section of the “Bayeux Tapestry”
3
Renaissance
= Bold new
artistic
techniques
“Trompe
L’oeil”
(deceives the
eye) on
ceiling of
Palazzo
Ducale.
Mantua, Italy
1474
Fresco
4
Michelangelo worked under great
pressure from Pope Julius II
5
Ceiling of the Sistine Chapel / The Vatican / Michelangelo
Art represents a progressive attitude toward man and his
capability that resulted in great progress during the
Renaissance period
6
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Individual Panels from Michelangelo’s Sistine Chapel
“Creation of Adam (Ceiling, Sistine Chapel)”
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Individual Panel from Michelangelo’s Sistine Chapel
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Individual panels from the ceiling of the
Sistine Chapel - Vatican
The Fall from Grace
11
Michelangelo Buonarroti – Ceiling of
Sistine Chapel
Adam & Eve Expelled from Eden
12
Causes of Artistic Change:
• Weakening of the Roman Catholic
Church {Avignon Papacy 1309-77,
Great Schism 1378-1417}
• Secularization
• Humanism
• Expansion of patronage
13
Technical Painting Advances of the Renaissance:
• Oil paint {dries more slowly / more time to adjust}
• Three dimensionality (new techniques to illustrate depth and proportion)
-- Shading (or shadowing)
-- Linear perspective – row of trees, fence, ceiling tiles that recede diagonally to focal point. Get smaller as they recede.
-- Foreshortening – the item appears to be shorter than normal due to the angle at which the viewer sees it.
-- Atmospheric perspective – as you move into the background of the art piece, it becomes more blurry.
-- Chiaroscuro – directional light, especially shown by sunshine on walls or shadows.
-- Anamorphic art – art which appears to be 3 dimensional
-- Emotion – facial and body expressions which depict feelings or personality.
14
Michelangelo Buonarotti (1475-
1564, Tuscany)
“David” 1501-1504 Marble
14’ 3” high
Galleria dell’ Accademia, Florence
15
Michelangelo
Buonarotti’s statue of
“David” in the
Academia, in Florence
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Michelangelo Buonarotti, “The
Pietà” 1499 Marble
17
Michelangelo Buonarotti, “The Last Judgement” fresco on
altar wall of Sistine Chapel, Vatican 1534-1541
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Linear Perspective
“The Last Supper” Leonardo da Vinci
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Linear Perspective
“The Flagellation” Piero della Francesca (1469, oil & tempera on wood)
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Atmospheric Perspective
“The Madonna
of the
Chancellor
Rolin”
Jan van Eyck
(1434, oil on
wood)
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Atmospheric Perspective
“Mona Lisa”
Leonardo da Vinci
(1505, oil on
cottonwood)
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Chiaroscuro
“St. Jerome in
His Study”
Albrecht Dürer
(silver engraving)
23
Anamorphic Art
“The French
Ambassadors”
Hans Holbein the
Younger (1533)
Item in bottom center of
the painting is the
anamorphic art. If
viewed from parallel to
the painting and
diagonally lower, it
becomes a three
dimensional skull.
24
Early Pioneers of
Renaissance Artistic
Change:
Cimabué – “Madonna
Enthroned with Angels
and Prophets”
Tempera on wood. 1280-
90 AD
Known for use of depth,
proportion, and emotional
expression.
25
Early Renaissance Art Pioneers = Giotto di Bondone
“The Lamentation” 1305
Fresco in Arena Chapel
of Padua, Italy
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Giorgio Vasari
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Early Renaissance Pioneers = Masaccio
“Expulsion of Adam and Eve from
Eden” Fresco 1425 “Holy Trinity” 1428 Fresco
Masaccio introduced the
idea of chiaroscuro or
directional light.
Also known for linear
perspective and shading.
28
Sandro Boticelli (1444-1510 Florence)
“Birth of Venus” 1482 Tempera on canvas
29
“Virgin of the Rocks”
Leonardo da Vinci 1485
(oil on wood)
Louvre, Paris
30
Leonardo da Vinci (Florence / Tuscany
1452-1519)
“Mona Lisa” 1503-
1505, oil on wood
31
Leonardo da Vinci
“The Last Supper”
(Fresco, 1495-98)
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Leonardo da Vinci = Renaissance Man
Helicopter and Plane Designs Infant in the uterus drawing
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Leonardo da Vinci
“A good painter has two chief objects to paint, man and the intention of his
soul. The former is easy, the latter hard, for it must be expressed by
gestures and the movement of limbs.” Leonardo da Vinci
34
The Roman Renaissance (Pope Julius II moved the center of the
Renaissance to Rome in 1503)
35
Raphael Sanzio (1483-1520)
“The School of Athens” 1509-11 Fresco, Papal Apartments in Vatican
36Greek philosopher,Plato, with
the head of Leonardo da Vinci
Greek philosopher, Aristotle (with
his own head)
37
Plato and Aristotle{top middle of
fresco}
Self-portrait of Leonardo
38
Greek philosopher, SocratesGreek philosopher,Heraclitus,
with the head of Michelangelo
(theory of constantly changing
universe)
Euclid (in red chiton),
the founder of
geometry, with
Bramante’s head
39
Heraclitus (philosopher) with
Michelangelo’s head
Portrait of Michelangelo
40
Euclid (in red), with Bramante’s
{architect of St. Peter’s Basilica} head
“Listen to
me, fools! I
invented
geometry!”
{bottom right
side of the
fresco}
41
Socrates = famous Greek
philosopher(in green chiton at
top left side of the
fresco)
42
Diogenes, Greek philosopher connected with Cynicism
43
Diogenes, Cynic philosopher
{bottom center of
fresco}
44
Pythagoras, Greek
mathematician and
philosopher
Ptolemy, Greek
founder of geocentric
theory of universe (in
gold, only back
visible)
Raphael includes
himself (in profile)
45
Pythagoras
{bottom left
side of the
fresco}
46
Ptolemy (in gold, with back to
you) and Zoroaster (white)
{bottom right
side of the
fresco}
47
Raphael includes himself (on the
left)
{middle, right side
of the fresco}
48
Hieronymus Bosch (Dutch, 1450-1516)
“Garden of Earthly Delights” (triptych, oil on wood)
Museo del Prado, Madrid
L= “Creation of Eve” Ctr= “Garden of Earthly Delights” R= “Hell”
49
“Creation of Eve” = Left wing of the triptych,
“Garden of Earthly Delights” by Hieronymus
Bosch (1505-1510, oil on wood)
50
“Garden of Earthly Delights”
{central panel in triptych)
represents the temptations of
earthly life. Nude people
cavorting in land of bizarre
creatures and unidentifiable
objects. Fruit and birds
(fertility symbols) and fact that
there are so many couples,
suggests a message of
procreation. Orgy-like scenes
contrasted with scenes of Hell
and the 7 Deadly Sins seems
to be a warning to sinners.
51
Enlarged panel from the central
panel of “Garden of Earthly
Delights” by Hieronymus Bosch
(procreation and fertility
overtones)
52
Central panel of “Garden of
Earthly Delights” by Hieronymus
Bosch (triptych)
53
“Hell” = right panel of the triptych,
“Garden of Earthly Delights” by
Hieronymus Bosch
“Hell” is commonly thought to depict
the 7 Deadly Sins =
1. Pride
2. Envy
3. Gluttony
4. Lust
5. Anger
6. Greed
7. Sloth
54
55
GREED!!
56
PRIDE & LUST!!!
57
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Envious man being
eaten by dogs!
59
60
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“The Garden of Earthly Delights” Hieronymus Bosch 1505-1510 (oil on
wood, triptych)
62
The Venetian Renaissance
Titian (1487-1576)
“Assumption of the Virgin” Titian
Oil on wood. 1516-1518
Known for depiction of light through
color. Altarpiece for Santa Maria Gloriosa
dei Frari in Venice. (22’, 6” X 11’ 10”!)
Notice the golden clouds that almost
radiate light! God appears above, ready
to receive the Virgin Mary. Below,
apostles motion wildly as they witness the
ascension. Vibrant color creates drama
and intensity!
63
Close up of God in Titian’s
“Assumption of the Virgin”
Titian was known for his
ability to paint realistic human
hair and use of vibrant colors.
64
Close up of the Virgin Mary from
Titian’s “Assumption of the Virgin”