Remedial Law Jurisprudence 2011

8/20/2019 Remedial Law Jurisprudence 2011

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/remedial-law-jurisprudence-2011 1/23

UE COLLEGE OF LAWREMEDIAL LAW REVIEW

UPDATES ON REMEDIAL LAW JURISPRUDENCE

Prof. Manuel R. Riguera 18 September 2012

CIVIL PROCEDUREJurisdiction

SC Circular No. 09-94: !e e"clu#ion of $%amage# of &!ate'er (in%) in %etermining t!e *uri#%ictional amount un%er +.P. +lg. 129 $applie# to ca#e# &!ere t!e %amage# are merel,inci%ental to or a con#euence of t!e main cau#e of action. o&e'er in ca#e# &!ere t!e claimfor %amage# i# t!e main cau#e of action/ or one of t!e cau#e# of action/ t!e amount of #uc!claim #!all be con#i%ere% in %etermining t!e *uri#%iction of t!e court.) t!er&i#e put/ in ca#e#where the cause of action principally involves a claim for damages a# in a tort# ca#e/ t!eamount of #uc! claim #!all be con#i%ere% in %etermining t!e *uri#%iction of t!e court. 3niego '.Purganan/ 24 Marc! 200. 3n Iniego t!e moral an% e"emplar, %amage# &!ere ta(en intoaccount in computing t!e *uri#%ictional amount &!ile t!e attorne,5# fee# &ere not. Compare &it!Sante.

3n ci'il action for %amage# ari#ing from maliciou# pro#ecution/ t!e SC !el% t!at t!e ot!er form#of %amage# being pra,e% for b, t!e plaintiff/ e.g./ e"emplar, %amage#/ attorne,5# fee#/ an%litigation e"pen#e#/ are not merel, inci%ental to or con#euence# of t!e main action butcon#titute t!e primar, relief pra,e% for b, t!e complaint. Sante '. Clara'all/ 22 6ebruar, 2010.

!e &or%ing# of P7 144 re'eal t!at it !a# *uri#%iction o'er ca#e# file% b, t!e #ub%i'i#ion or con%ominium unit bu,er or o&ner again#t t!e #ub%i'i#ion or con%ominium o&ner or %e'eloper but not t!e ot!er &a, aroun%. !e onl, in#tance &!en t!e R+ &oul% !a'e *uri#%iction o'er a ca#e file% b, t!e #ub%i'i#ion or con%ominium unit o&ner or %e'eloper i# if #uc! ca#e i# file% a#a compul#or, counterclaim to an e"i#ting #uit file% b, t!e #ub%i'i#ion or con%ominium unit bu,er again#t t!e %e'eloper a# in Francel Realty Corporation v. Sycip/ ;.R. 1<484/ 8 September 200<. 7elo# Santo# '. Spou#e# Sarmiento/ ;.R. No. 1<48==/ 2= Marc! 200=.

!e P> female flig!t atten%ant# file% an action for %eclarator, relief &it! t!e RC c!allengingt!e Con#titutionalit, an% t!e legalit, of t!e C+> pro'i#ion &!ic! #et# t!e compul#or, retirementage at << for female# an% 0 for male#. !e Supreme Court !el% t!at t!e RC !a# *uri#%ictiona# t!e action i# one for %eclarator, relief. !e labor arbiter %oe# not !a'e *uri#%iction a# t!ei##ue cannot be re#ol'e% #olel, b, appl,ing t!e abor Co%e. Rat!er/ it reuire# t!e applicationof t!e Con#titution/ labor #tatute#/ la& on contract# an% t!e Con'ention on t!e ?limination of >ll6orm# of 7i#crimination >gain#t @omen/ an% t!e po&er to appl, an% interpret t!e con#titutionan% C?7>@ i# &it!in t!e *uri#%iction of trial court#/ a court of general *uri#%iction. !e

*uri#%iction of labor arbiter# an% t!e NRC un%er >rticle 21= of t!e abor Co%e i# limite% to%i#pute# ari#ing from an emplo,er-emplo,ee relation#!ip &!ic! can only be resolved by reference to the Labor Code, other labor statutes, or their collective bargaining agreement .alagueAa '. P>/ 2 ctober 2009.

Selected cases up to May 2011

Updates on Remedial Law Jurisprudence

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Docket fees

!e trial court #!oul% !a'e %i#mi##e% t!e petition pur#uant to t!e ruling in Manchester evelopment Corporation v. C!/ 149 SCR> <2/ &!ic! !a% been ren%ere% a# far bac( a# 198=an% &!ic! #tate# t!at t!e amount of %amage# claime% #!oul% be #pecifie% in t!e bo%, an% int!e pra,er. 3t i# unfortunate t!at up to t!i# %ate/ t!i# ruling !a# been ignore%. !e trial court

!a% no po&er to a%mit t!e amen%e% petition #ince it !a% no *uri#%iction o'er t!e originalpetition. ?'i%entl, t!ere &a# an intent to e'a%e pa,ment of t!e correct %oc(et fee#. !eamen%e% petition #!oul% be e"punge% an% t!e ci'il ca#e %i#mi##e%. Siapno '. Manalo/ ;.R.1220/ 0 >ugu#t 200<.

!e %oc(et fee# on t!e #upplemental complaint #!oul% be pai% at t!e time of t!e filing t!ereof an% #!oul% not be treate% a# a fir#t lien on t!e *u%gment a&ar%. ence t!e #upplementalcomplaint #!oul% be e"punge% if t!e %oc(et fee# t!ereon &ere not pai%. !e trial courtnonet!ele## %oe# not lo#e t!e *uri#%iction it !a% acuire% o'er t!e ca#e &it! t!e filing of t!eoriginal complaint. 7o->ll Metal 3n%u#trie#/ 3nc. '. Securit, +an( Corp./ 10 Banuar, 2011/

>ba%./ B.

Rule 2. Cause of action

!e Supreme Court !el% t!at t!e #econ% petition for %eclaration of nullit, &!ile in'o(ing a%ifferent groun% ab#ence of a licen#e in'ol'e# t!e #ame cau#e of action &!ic! i# t!e%eclaration of nullit, of marriage an% t!at t!e ab#ence of a marriage licen#e &!ic! i# t!egroun% for t!e #econ% petition coul% !a'e been pre#ente% an% rai#e% in t!e earlier ca#e file% b,t!e petitioner. ence t!e #econ% petition #!oul% be %i#mi##e% on t!e groun% of re# *u%icata.Mallion '. >lcantara ;.R. No. 141<28D ctober 1/ 200E.

Rule 3. Parties to Civil Actions

>%*oining lan% o&ner# are not t!e real partie# in intere#t to file a re'er#ion #uit o'er lan% allege%

to be fore#!ore. 3n all action# for t!e re'er#ion to t!e State of lan%# of t!e public %omain or impro'ement# t!ereon/ it i# t!e Republic &!ic! i# t!e real part, in intere#t. !e action mu#t bein#titute% b, t!e Solicitor ;eneral or t!e officer acting in !i# #tea% in be!alf of t!e Republic. !eaction for t!e annulment of t!e !ome#tea% patent &a# t!u# %i#mi##e%. Mane#e '. Sp#.Fela#co/ 29 Ban 09.

> *u%ge !a# no %ut, to implea% in%i#pen#able partie#. an*uatco '. Bu%ge ;a(o/ 2 Mar 09.

> cla## #uit i# not proper &!ere t!ere i# a clear in%ication t!at t!ere i# a %i'ergence of opinion#an% 'ie&# among t!e member# of t!e cla## #oug!t to be repre#ente%/ an% not all are in fa'or of filing t!e pre#ent #uit. +an%a '. ?rmita/ ;.R. No. 120/ 20 >pril 2010.

P file% an action for recon'e,ance of lan% again#t 7/ ?/ 6/ an% ;. Se'en mont!# later file%an an#&er &it! counterclaim#. allege% t!at 6 an% ; !a% e"ecute% a %ee% of renunciationo'er t!eir intere#t# in t!e lan% in !i# fa'or. P file% a motion to e"punge 5# an#&er but t!e trialcourt rule% for it# a%mi##ion. ater !o&e'er upon P5# motion for recon#i%eration/ t!e trial court#et a#i%e it# or%er a%mitting 5# an#&er &it! counterclaim# an% or%ering to file a plea%ing-in-inter'ention. %i% not compl, &it! t!e or%er. ?'entuall, t!e trial court ren%ere% *u%gment infa'or of P. !e SC #ai% t!at t!e trial court5# *u%gment ma, be #et a#i%e #ince 5# rig!t to %ueproce## &a# 'iolate%. !e SC #ai% t!at S19 R i# applicable a# &a# a tran#feree pen%ente


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lite. @!ile %i% not file a motion for #ub#titution or *oin%er un%er S19 R t!i# tec!nical fla& ma,be %i#regar%e% for t!e fact remain# t!at t!e court !a% alrea%, a%mitte% 5# an#&er an% #uc! an#&er &a# on recor% &!en t!e e" parte pre#entation of e'i%ence &a# allo&e% b, t!e court. +ecau#e 5#an#&er !a% alrea%, been a%mitte%/ t!e court #!oul% not !a'e allo&e% t!e e" parte pre#entation of e'i%ence. P5# in#i#tence t!at coul% not !a'e participate% in t!e ca#e becau#e !e %i% not file a motionto inter'ene un%er R19 i# mi#place%. !e purpo#e of inter'ention i# to enable a #tranger to an action to

become a part, in or%er for !im to protect !i# intere#t an% for t!e court to #ettle all conflicting claim#.3nter'ention i# allo&e% to a'oi% multiplicit, of #uit# more t!an on %ue proce## con#i%eration#. !einter'enor can c!oo#e not to participate in t!e ca#e an% !e &ill not be boun% b, t!e *u%gment. 3n t!i#ca#e/ i# not a #tranger to t!e action but a tran#feree pendente lite. ># mentione%/ a tran#feree

pendente lite i# %eeme% *oine% in t!e pen%ing action from t!e moment &!en t!e tran#fer of intere#t i#perfecte%. i# participation in t!e ca#e #!oul% !a'e been allo&e% b, %ue proce## con#i%eration#.eir# of Me%rano '. 7e Fera/ 9 >ugu#t 2010.

Rule 4. Venue

n%er t!e $complementar,-contract#-con#true%-toget!er) %octrine/ t!e Suret,#!ip >greementcan onl, be enforce% in con*unction &it! t!e Promi##or, Note. !e 'enue #tipulation in t!e PN

t!u# al#o applie# to t!e Suret,#!ip >greement a# an ancillar, contract of t!e PN. !e 'enue#!oul% be lai% in Ma(ati. P!il. +an( of Communication# '. im/ ;.R. 1<818/ 12 >pril 0<

Rule on Summary Procedure

!e motion for recon#i%eration of a *u%gment pro!ibite% un%er Sec. 19c of t!e RSP i# t!at&!ic! #ee(# recon#i%eration of a *u%gment ren%ere% b, t!e court after trial on t!e merit#. !e%i#mi##al or%er for plaintiff5# failure to appear in t!e preliminar, conference i# not a *u%gment ont!e merit# after trial of t!e ca#e. uca# '. 6abro#/ 24 SCR> 1.

!e t!ir% paragrap! of Section = of t!e Rule# on Summar, Proce%ure/ pro'i%e# t!at: $3f a #ole%efen%ant #!all fail to appear at t!e preliminar, conferenceE/ t!e plaintiff #!all be entitle% to

*u%gment in accor%ance &it! Section !ereof. !i# Rule #!all not appl, &!ere one of t&o or more %efen%ant# #ue% un%er a common cau#e of action &!o !a% plea%e% a common %efen#e#!all appear at t!e preliminar, conference.) !e #econ% #entence %oe# not appl, to a #ituation&!ic! %oe# not in'ol'e co-%efen%ant# but #eparate ca#e# &!ic! &ere con#oli%ate%. 3n #uc! aca#e if a %efen%ant %oe# not appear in t!e preliminar, conference/ t!e plaintiff #!all be entitle%to *u%gment a# ma, be &arrante% b, t!e fact# allege% in t!e complaint a# pro'i%e% for inSection of t!e RSP. Soriente '. ?#tate of Concepcion/ 2< No'ember 2009.

Rule 6. inds of !leadin"s

S=a R141 a# amen%e% on 1 >ug 04 no& impo#e# %oc(et fee# e'en on compul#or,counterclaim# file% before t!e RC. Pa,ment !o&e'er of %oc(et fee# on compul#or,

counterclaim# &a# #u#pen%e% b, SC Re#o %ate% 21 Sep 04. o&e'er a cro##-claim file%before t!e RC i# #ub*ect to t!e pa,ment of %oc(et fee #ince it &a# not inclu%e% in t!e#u#pen#ion un%er t!e Re#o. 3n t!e MC/ counterclaim# an% cro##-claim# are not #ub*ect to a%oc(et fee per S8 R141.


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Rule #. Parts of a Pleadin"

G: Horean >irline# H>/ a foreign corporation licen#e% to %o bu#ine## in t!e P!ilippine# file% acollection ca#e again#t ?3. !e 'erification I certification &a# #igne% b, it# coun#el an%re#i%ent agent >. o t!e motion to %i#mi## file% b, ?3/ H> countere% t!at > &a# aut!oriJe% b,H> in a teleconference b, t!e +oar% of 7irector#. No recor% of #uc! aut!oriJation &a#

attac!e% to t!e complaint. Can t!e re#i%ent agent #ign t!e FIC in be!alf of a foreigncorporationK

>: No. > &a# not #pecificall, aut!oriJe% to e"ecute t!e certification in be!alf of H>. +eing are#i%ent agent %oe# not mean t!at !e i# aut!oriJe% to e"ecute t!e reui#ite CN6S becau#e&!ile !e ma, be a&are of action# file% again#t !i# principal/ !e ma, not be a&are of action#initiate% b, !i# principal &!et!er in t!e P!ilippine# or in t!e countr, &!ere #uc! foreign corp. i#organiJe%. ?"pertra'el an% our# 3nc. '#. C>/ 2 Ma, 0<

> 'iolation of t!e rule again#t forum-#!opping ot!er t!an a &illful an% %eliberate forum #!opping%i% not aut!oriJe t!e RC to %i#mi## t!e procee%ing &it!out motion an% !earing. Specificall,/t!e #ubmi##ion of a fal#e certification of non-forum #!opping %i% not automaticall, &arrant t!e%i#mi##al of t!e procee%ing/ e'en if it mig!t !a'e con#titute% contempt of court/ for Section </

Rule =/ of t!e 199= Rules of Civil #rocedure i# clear on t!e matter. 3n re: Recon#titution of C# 0184 I 019/ ;.R. 1<=9=/ Bul, 2010.

> certification again#t forum-#!opping i# not applicable to a petition for certification election.!ere i# no #uc! reuirement un%er t!e abor Co%e an% un%er t!e rule# go'erning t!e form of apetition for certification election. Sama!an ng mga Manggagga&a #a Samma-a(a# '. SammaCorp./ 1 Mar 09.

Corporate officer# &!o can #ign t!e 'erification an% certification again#t forum-#!opping &it!outnee% of an aut!oriJing boar% re#olution: 1 C!airper#on of t!e boar% of %irector#/ 2Pre#i%ent/ ;eneral Manager or acting general manager/ 4 Per#onnel fficer/ an% <?mplo,ment Speciali#t# in a labor ca#e. Mi%-Pa#ig an% 7e'5t Corp. '. ablante/ 4 6ebruar,

2010.

Sub#tantial compliance rule not applicable &!ere a part, committe% an act of %i#!one#t, in filingt!e certificate again#t forum-#!opping/ a# b, ma(ing it appear t!at a per#on !a% #igne% t!e C6S&!en !e &a# alrea%, %ea%. eir# of Retu,a '. C>/ >pril 2011.

Rule $

3mplie% a%mi##ion rule un%er Section 8 of Rule 8 %oe# not appl, to a plaintiff &!o file# a repl,not un%er oat! if t!e 'erifie% complaint alrea%, tra'er#e# t!e actionable %ocument attac!e% tot!e an#&er. itan Con#truction Corp. '. 7a'i%/ 1< Marc! 2010.

Rule %3. &ilin" ' service of !leadin"s( )ud"ments ' ot*er !a!ers

G 3n t!e procee%ing# for t!e #ettlement of t!e e#tate of >lice/ a contingent mone, claim for commi##ion in t!e e'ent of t!e #ale of propertie# of t!e e#tate &a# file% b, >lan &it! t!e probatecourt at 3ligan Cit,. >llan5# coun#el/ &!o file% t!e mone, claim/ !ol%# office in Ma(ati Cit,. !ecoun#el for t!e e"ecutri" &!o !ol%# office in 3ligan Cit, mo'e% for t!e %i#mi##al of t!e claim ont!e groun% t!at t!ere &a# no &ritten e"planation &!, t!e mone, claim &a# not per#onall, file%an% #er'e% . !e RC %i#mi##e% t!e mone, claim. @a# t!e %i#mi##al proper K


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> No. S11 R1 pro'i%e# t!at t!e 'iolation t!ereof L5ma, be cau#e to con#i%er t!e paper a#not file%.55 !e court t!erefore !a# t!e %i#cretion on &!et!er to con#i%er t!e paper a# file% or not. +ut t!e e"erci#e of %i#cretion mu#t nece##aril, con#i%er t!e practicabilit, of per#onal#er'ice. @!ere it i# clear t!at per#onal #er'ice i# not practicable/ a# in t!i# ca#e/ a &rittene"planation L5mig!t e'en be #uperfluou#.55 !e rigi% application of S11 R1 ma, be rela"e% int!i# ca#e in t!e intere#t of #ub#tantial *u#tice. S!e(er '. ?#tate of S!e(er/ ;.R. No. 1<=912/ 1

7ecember 200=.

Rule %4. Service of summons

Ser'ice of #ummon# upon t!e %efen%ant# &!ile t!e, &ere in t!e courtroom i# 'ali%. !ere i# noreuirement t!at per#onal #er'ice un%er S R14 #!oul% be in t!e %efen%ant5# re#i%ence.San#io '. Sp# Mogul/ 14 Bul, 2009.

!e Supreme Court !a# !el% t!at an o'erl, #trict application of S= R14 ma, be %i#pen#e% &it! if t!e #!eriff &a# pre'ente% from effecting #ub#titute% #er'ice b, t!e %efen%ant !im#elf. ere t!e7efen%ant !er#elf ga'e #trict in#truction# to t!e #ecurit, guar%# not to allo& an,one to procee%to !er !ou#e if #!e &a# not aroun%. 3n !i# return t!e #!eriff %eclare% t!at !e &a# refu#e% entr,

b, t!e #ecurit, guar%. S!e #!oul% bear t!e con#euence# of #uc! #trict in#truction#. 3t can becon#i%ere% t!at #ummon# &a# properl, #er'e% upon t!e 7efen%ant. Robin#on '. Miralle#/ ;.R.No. 1<84/ 12 7ecember 200.

Proper #ub#titute% #er'ice of #ummon# &!ere #er'ice ma%e upon %efen%ant5# brot!er at t!e%efen%ant5# la#t (no&n a%%re##. Strict compliance not reuire% &!ere it i# clear t!at t!e%efen%ant i# e'a%ing #er'ice of #ummon#. ere t!e %efen%ant claime% to !a'e mo'e% out of !i# la#t (no&n a%%re## ,et refu#e% to re'eal !i# &!ereabout#. !e %efen%ant5# brot!er claime%t!at t!e %efen%ant no longer re#i%e% at t!e la#t (no&n a%%re## ,et failing to %i#clo#e%efen%ant5# &!ereabout#. Sagana '. 6ranci#co/ 2 ctober 2009.

n%er S= R14/ it i# not nece##ar, t!at t!e per#on in c!arge of %efen%ant5# regular place of

bu#ine## be #pecificall, aut!oriJe% to recei'e t!e #ummon#. 3t i# enoug! t!at !e appear# to bein c!arge. > #ecretar, &oul% be properl, con#i%ere% a# a per#on in c!arge. ;entle SupremeP!il#. 3nc. '. Con#ulta/ 1 September 2010.

!e #er'ice of #ummon# on +P35# branc! manager %i% not bin% t!e corporation for t!e branc!manager i# not inclu%e% in t!e enumeration in t!e #tatute of t!e per#on# upon &!om #er'ice of #ummon# can be 'ali%l, ma%e in be!alf of t!e corporation. Suc! #er'ice i# t!erefore 'oi% an%ineffectual. Nonet!ele##/ a ca#e #!oul% not be %i#mi##e% #impl, becau#e an original #ummon#&a# &rongfull, #er'e%. 3t #!oul% be %ifficult to concei'e t!at &!en a %efen%ant per#onall,appear# before a court complaining t!at !e !a% not been 'ali%l, #ummone%/ t!at t!e ca#eagain#t !im #!oul% be %i#mi##e%. >n alias or ne& #ummon# can be actuall, #er'e% on #ai%%efen%ant. +an( of t!e P!ilippine 3#lan%# '. Spou#e# Santiago/ ;.R. No. 1911/ 2 Marc!

200=.

!ere &a# non-compliance &it! t!e rule on #ub#titute% #er'ice un%er Section =b of Rule 14.!e p!ra#e t!erein/ $at t!e %efen%ant5# office or regular place of bu#ine##) %oe# not inclu%e acorporation &!ere t!e %efen%ant i# a c!airman of t!e boar% of %irector# a# !e %oe# notregularl, !ol% office or con%uct bu#ine## t!erein. CP+ '. ngpin/ ;.R. 14<9/ 2 ct 01.


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Rule %6. +otion to dismiss

>n unlicen#e% foreign corporation not %oing bu#ine## in t!e P!ilippine# can #ue beforeP!ilippine court#. !e tran#action# bet&een ui%en an% ;F cannot be con#i%ere% a# $%oingbu#ine##) in t!e P!ilippine#. >n e##ential con%ition to be con#i%ere% a# %oing bu#ine## in t!eP!ilippine# i# t!e actual performance of #pecific commercial act# &it!in t!e territor, of t!e

P!ilippine# for t!e plain rea#on t!at t!e P!ilippine# !a# no *uri#%iction o'er commercial act#performe% in foreign territorie#. ere t!e perfection an% t!e con#ummation of t!e#etran#action# &ere %one out#i%e t!e P!ilippine#. Moreo'er t!e tran#action# are #impl, e"porttran#action#. >n e"porter i# not %eeme% to be %oing bu#ine## in a foreign countr, b, t!e #implefact of e"porting pro%uct# to #uc! foreign countr,. +. Fan ui%en +ro#./ t%./ '. ;F Mfg.3n%u#trie#/ 3nc./ ;.R. No. 14=90</ 28 Ma, 200=.

G P file% an action again#t 7 for reco'er, of o&ner#!ip of lan%. !e RC %eci%e% in fa'or of 7 but on appeal t!e C> re'er#e% an% !el% t!at P i# entitle% to t!e o&ner#!ip of t!e lan%. !e

*u%gment became final an% e"ecutor,. ater 7 file% an action again#t P for reco'er, of t!e 'alueof t!e impro'ement# it !a% intro%uce% on t!e lan%. P file% a motion to %i#mi## on t!e groun% of re# *u%icata. !i# &a# %enie% categoricall, b, t!e trial court. Sub#euentl, P file% an an#&er in

&!ic! !e rai#e% t!e affirmati'e %efen#e of re# *u%icataKa Ma, P #till rai#e t!e %efen#e of re# *u%icata in !i# an#&erK

P mo'e% for a preliminar, !earing on t!e affirmati'e %efen#e of re# *u%icata. !e trial courtgrante% t!e motion an% con%ucte% a preliminar, !earing. 3t t!en %i#mi##e% 75# complaint on t!egroun% of re# *u%icata.

b Ma, t!e trial court con%uct a preliminar, !earing on t!e affirmati'e %efen#e of re# *u%icataK

> a e#/ after all t!e or%er of %enial of t!e motion to %i#mi## i# merel, interlocutor, an%cannot amount to re# *u%icata. Spou#e# Ra#%a# '. ?#tenor/ ;.R. No. 1<=0</ 1 7ecember 200<. Rasdas la,# to re#t t!e obiter %ictum in Clavano v. $enato/ ;.R. No. -4<8=/ 28ctober 19==/ &!ic! #tate# t!at if a groun% i# rai#e% in a motion to %i#mi## an% categoricall,

%enie%/ #uc! groun% can no longer be rai#e% a# an affirmati'e %efen#e in t!e an#&er.b !e general rule i# t!at t!e trial court cannot con%uct a preliminar, !earing on t!e

affirmati'e %efen#e if #uc! &a# rai#e% a# a groun% for a motion to %i#mi## an% categoricall,%enie% b, t!e trial court. >n affirmati'e !earing ma, onl, be con%ucte% if no motion to %i#mi##&a# file%. ere a motion to %i#mi## &a# file% an% categoricall, %enie% b, t!e trial court. encet!e i##ue of re# *u%icata #!oul% !a'e been litigate% %uring t!e trial proper. !ere i# ane"ceptional circum#tance in t!i# ca#e/ !o&e'er/ &!ic! *u#tifie# a %e'iation from t!e general rule:3t i# evidently clear t!at t!e #econ% action i# barre% b, re# *u%icata. 7 built t!e impro'ement# att!e time !e alrea%, (ne& t!at !e %i% not o&n t!e lan%. ence t!e Supreme Court o'erloo(e%t!e proce%ural error of t!e trial court an% up!el% it# %i#mi##al of t!e #econ% action on apreliminar, !earing. Rasdas v. %stenor / supra.

Re#pon%ent# file% an action for recon'e,ance of lan% again#t >ualab. >ualab mo'e% for t!e%i#mi##al of re#pon%ent#5 complaint on t!e groun%# t!at t!e action !a% pre#cribe%/ t!at it i# aninnocent purc!a#er for 'alue/ an% t!at t!e complaint faile% to #tate a cau#e of action. !e trialcourt grante% t!e motion to %i#mi##. n appeal/ t!e C> re'er#e% t!e %i#mi##al an% %eci%e% t!eca#e on t!e merit# !ol%ing t!at >ualab &a# not an innocent purc!a#er for 'alue an% t!at t!econ'e,ance# in it# fa'or &ere frau%ulent an% illegal. !e SC !el% t!at t!e C> acte% correctl,in re'er#ing t!e or%er of %i#mi##al #ince >ualab in filing t!e motion to %i#mi## !a%!,pot!eticall, a%mitte% t!e allegation# in t!e complaint t!at t!e con'e,ance# &ere frau%ulent


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an% illegal an% t!at it &a# not an innocent purc!a#er for 'alue. 3t &a# !o&e'er error for t!e C>to %eci%e t!e ca#e on t!e merit# #ince t!e a%mi##ion# are not *u%icial but merel, !,pot!eticalone#. !e C> #!oul% !a'e #impl, reman%e% t!e ca#e to t!e lo&er court for trial on t!e merit#.>ualab P!il#. 3nc. '. eir# of Pagobo/ ;.R. 182=/ < ctober 2009.

Rule %$

3f t!e Plaintiff fail# to file t!e motion to #et ca#e for pre-trial/ t!e trial court #!oul% not %i#mi## t!eca#e for failure to pro#ecute. n%er t!e SC ;ui%eline# on Pre-trial an% 7i#co'er, effecti'e 1

>ugu#t 2004/ t!e branc! cler( of court #!all/ in #uc! a ca#e/ i##ue t!e notice of pre-trial.Polanco '. CruJ/ 1 6ebruar, 2009. o&e'er if t!e failure to file t!e motion to #et t!e ca#e for pretrial !appene% before 1 >ugu#t 2004/ t!e complaint ma, be %i#mi##e% for failure topro#ecute. ?#piritu '. aJaro/ 2< No'ember 2009.

3f t!e plaintiff fail# to appear at t!e pre-trial/ t!e court ma, upon motion %i#mi## t!e complaintan% allo& t!e %efen%ant to pre#ent e'i%ence on !i# counterclaim. !e pro'i#ion of S R1= ma,be applie% b, analog, to #upplement S< R18. Per(in ?lmer Singapore '. 7a(ila ra%ing/ 14

>ugu#t 200=.

Discovery

!e +37 certification t!at Corral !a% %eparte% for abroa% on a plane i# a%euate proof t!atCorral &a# out of t!e countr,. a% t!e %eponent returne% to t!e P!ilippine#/ t!e onu# &a# onPetitioner to #!o& t!at #uc! &a# t!e ca#e. ence t!e %epo#ition ma, be u#e% in e'i%enceun%er Section 4c of Rule 2 Sale# '. Sabino/ 9 7ec 0<.

> motion for pro%uction or in#pection of %ocument# or t!ing# un%er Rule 2= i# #ub*ect to t!ereuirement t!at t!e %ocument# or t!ing# #!oul% not be pri'ilege%. ere &!at are #oug!t to bepro%uce% i# a %etaile% li#t of an in%u#trial pro%uct5# ingre%ient# an% c!emical component# &!ic!are tra%e #ecret# an% t!u# pri'ilege%. ence +C5# motion #!oul% be %i#mi##e%. >ir

P!ilippine# Corp. '. Penn#&ell/ 3nc./ ;.R. 1=28</ 1 7ecember 200=.

Rule 3,. Summary Jud"ment

> partial #ummar, *u%gment a# a rule i# not appealable #eparatel, from t!e *u%gment in t!eentire ca#e/ unle## allo&e% b, t!e court un%er S1g R41. ence t!e failure to appeal#eparatel, from a partial #ummar, *u%gment or to c!allenge it b, a #pecial ci'il action for certiorari %oe# not ma(e t!e #ame final an% e"ecutor,. P!ilippine +u#ine## +an( '. C!ua/ 1<No'ember 2010.

Rule 3-

3t i# clear from t!e caption of S2 R9 ?"ecution of a *u%gment or final or%er pen%ing appealt!at %i#cretionar, e"ecution i# allo&e% onl, &!en t!e perio% to appeal !a# commenced butbefore t!e trial court lo#e# *uri#%iction o'er t!e ca#e. !e pen%enc, of a motion for recon#i%eration pre'ent# t!e running of t!e perio% to appeal. ence &!en t!ere i# a pen%ingmotion for recon#i%eration an or%er granting e"ecution pen%ing appeal i# improper an%premature. BP ate" '. +allon# ;ranger +alloon# 3nc./ 1 Mar 09.


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>n allege% a%mi##ion b, t!e %efen%ant of it# liabilit, i# not a goo% rea#on for allo&ing%i#cretionar, appeal. !e a%mi##ion i# more apparent t!an real for t!e i##ue of liabilit, &a# oneof t!e groun%# rai#e% b, %efen%ant in t!e appeal. ?'en a##uming t!at t!e fact of liabilit, &a#a%mitte%/ t!e %efen%ant #till conte#t# t!e amount of liabilit,. >l#o t!e fact t!at %efen%ant file% acounterbon% to %i#c!arge t!e attac!ment &oul% militate again#t t!e Plaintiff5# claim t!at t!e

*u%gment in it# fa'or &oul% become illu#or,. ;eologi#tic# '. ;ate&a, ?lectronic#/ 2< Mar 09.

!e Supreme Court !a# !el% t!at Section / Rule 9 of t!e Rule# of Court %oe# not appl, inlan% regi#tration procee%ing#. S R9 refer# to ci'il action# an% i# not applicable to #pecialprocee%ing#/ #uc! a# a lan% regi#tration ca#e. !i# i# #o becau#e a part, in a ci'il action mu#tpromptl, enforce a *u%gment t!at i# #ecure% again#t t!e a%'er#e part,/ an% !i# failure to act toenforce t!e #ame &it!in a rea#onable time a# pro'i%e% in t!e Rule# ma(e# t!e %eci#ionunenforceable again#t t!e lo#ing part,. 3n #pecial procee%ing#/ t!e purpo#e i# to e#tabli#! a#tatu#/ a rig!t or a particular factD in lan% regi#tration procee%ing#/ t!e o&ner#!ip b, a per#on of a parcel of lan% i# #oug!t to be e#tabli#!e%. ing '. eir# of irio/ ;.R. No. 1891/ 14 Marc!200=.

n%er S R9/ a final *u%gment ma, be enforce% b, motion &it!in < ,ear# from t!e %ate of it#

entr,/ but not t!ereafter. !e rule !o&e'er i# not ab#olute an% a%mit# of e"ception#/ one of &!ic! i# &!en t!e %ela, in enforcing t!e *u%gment i# cau#e% b, t!e part, a##ailing t!e filing of t!e motion. ere Petitioner triggere% t!e #erie# of %ela,# in t!e e"ecution of t!e RC5# final%eci#ion b, filing numerou# motion# an% appeal# in t!e appellate court#/ e'en cau#ing t!e C>5#i##uance of t!e R en*oining t!e enforcement of t!e %eci#ion. Central Suret, I 3n#uranceCo. '. Planter# Pro%uct#/ 3nc./ ;.R. 1490</ = Marc! 200=.

u#ban% can file a t!ir%-part, claim or #eparate action if con*ugal propert, i# being le'ie% uponto an#&er for t!e #eparate obligation of t!e &ife. Spou#e# +ua%o '. Court of >ppeal#/ 24 >pril2009.

A!!eal

n%er S R41 P !a% 1< %a,# from notice of t!e *u%gment or final or%er to appeal t!e RC%eci#ion. !e or%er %en,ing P5# motion for recon#i%eration &a# a final or%er #ince it finall,%i#po#e% of t!e i##ue# in t!e ca#e. ence P !a% 1< %a,# from 22 Bul, 2004 %ate of receipt of t!e or%er %en,ing t!e motion for recon#i%eration or up to >ugu#t 2004 22 O 1< 1 %a,# inBul,E Q . !e $fre#!) 1<-%a, perio% applie# al#o to Rule 40 appeal from MC to RC/ Rule42 petition for re'ie& from RC to C>/ Rule 4 appeal from ua#i-*u%icial bo%ie# to t!e C>/an% Rule 4<. Ne,pe# '. C>/ ;.R. 141<24/ 14 Sep 0</ en banc.

!e &eypes rule %oe# not appl, to *u%gment# &!ic! !a'e alrea%, become final an% e"ecutor,.National Po&er Corp. '. Spoue# ao!oo/ 2 Bul, 2009.

!e &eypes rule %oe# not appl, to a petition for certiorari to re'ie& t!e *u%gment of t!eCM??C an% t!e C> &!ic! i# go'erne% b, S R4. Pate# '. CM??C/ 0 Bune 2009.

!e fre#! 1<-%a, perio% pro'i%e% for in &eypes applie# to appeal# in criminal ca#e#/not&it!#tan%ing t!e &or%ing# of S R122. u '. Sam#on-ata%/ ;.R. 1=09=9/ 9 6ebruar,2011.


Page 8



!e or%er of t!e RC %i#mi##ing t!e appeal i# a final or%er. Since it &a# i##ue% b, t!e RC int!e e"erci#e of it# appellate *uri#%iction/ t!e proper reme%, for t!e >ppellant &a# to file a petitionfor re'ie& un%er Rule 42. !e petition for re'ie& #!oul% !a'e been file% b, t!e >ppellant &it!in1< %a,# from = 6ebruar, 200 or up to 24 6ebruar, 200 22 6ebruar, being a Satur%a,pur#uant to S1 R42. 3t i# a"iomatic t!at certiorari i# an e"traor%inar, reme%, an% #!oul% not bea #ub#titute for a lo#t appeal. >ng '. ;rage%a/ ;.R. 129/ 8 Bune 200.

@!en a *u%gment i# amen%e%/ t!e %ate of t!e amen%ment #!oul% be con#i%ere% t!e %ate of t!e%eci#ion in t!e computation of t!e perio% for perfecting t!e appeal. 6or all intent# an% purpo#e#/t!e lo&er court ren%ere% a ne& *u%gment from &!ic! t!e time to appeal mu#t be rec(one%.o&e'er/ t!i# rule pre#uppo#e# t!at t!e amen%ment con#i#t# of a material alteration of #uc!#ub#tance an% proportion t!at &oul%/ in effect/ gi'e ri#e to an entirel, ne& *u%gment. +ut &!ent!e amen%ment merel, con#i#t# of t!e correction of a clerical error/ no ne& *u%gment ari#e#. 3n#uc! ca#e/ t!e perio% for filing t!e appeal #!oul% #till be counte% from t!e receipt of t!e original

*u%gment. 7e ;rano '. acaba/ 1 Bune 2009.

Plaintiff# file% an action for t!e annulment of t!e mortgage again#t 7efen%ant. !e trial courtren%ere% a %eci#ion %ate% 14 September 2000 or%ering t!e relea#e of t!e mortgage an% t!e

pa,ment b, 7efen%ant to Plaintiff# of P24/000 repre#enting e"ce## pa,ment#. pon a partialmotion for recon#i%eration b, Plaintiff#/ t!e court i##ue% an amen%e% = 6ebruar, 2001 7eci#ionincrea#ing t!e amount to be pai% repre#enting e"ce## pa,ment# to P84/000. !e 7efen%antappeale% from t!e = 6ebruar, 2001 7eci#ion. !e Plaintiff# mo'e% for e"ecution of t!e portionof t!e %eci#ion or%ering t!e relea#e of t!e mortgage &!ic! t!e trial court grante%. !e SC #ai%t!at t!e trial court erre% #ince t!e appeal from t!e = 6ebruar, 2001 7eci#ion #!oul% becon#i%ere% an appeal from bot! t!e original an% amen%e% %eci#ion. !e Supreme Court #ai%t!at t!e *u%gment i# not %i'i#ible #ince t!e i##ue of t!e relea#e of t!e mortgage i# ine"tricabl,intert&ine% &it! t!e i##ue of t!e e"ce## pa,ment#. >##ociate% >ngo->merican obacco Corp.'. C>/ 2 >pril 2010.

>n appeal from t!e %eci#ion of t!e RC/ #itting a# a Special >grarian Court/ i# ma%e b, &a, of

Rule 42 an% not Rule 41/ pur#uant to Section 0 of R.>. No. <= or t!e C>R. an%ban( '.C>/ 11 >pril 2011.

P file% ca#e# again#t >/ +/ C/ an% 7. 7 file% a motion to %i#mi## on t!e groun% t!at t!ere &a#no proper #er'ice of #ummon# upon !er. !e RC grante% t!e motion to %i#mi##. !e SC !el%t!at t!e a'ailment of t!e #pecial ci'il action for certiorari &a# proper #ince t!e %i#mi##al or%er i#in t!e nature of a #e'eral *u%gment un%er S1g R41 &!ic! ma, not be t!e #ub*ect of appeal.Palma '. ;al'eJ/ 10 Marc! 2010.

Rule 43. A!!eals from uasi/)udicial a"encies

>n arbitral a&ar% of t!e P!ilippine Clearing ou#e Corporation PCC i# appealable not to t!e

RC/ but to t!e C> un%er R4. !e PCC rule# cannot confer *uri#%iction upon t!e RC o'er arbitral a&ar%#. Metro +an( '. C>/ 18 6eb 09.


Page 9



Rule 4#. Annulment of )ud"ments

n%er +.P. +lg. 129/ t!e Court of >ppeal# !a# e"clu#i'e original *uri#%iction o'er action# for t!eannulment of *u%gment# of t!e RC. ere t!e action at bottom #ee(# to nullif, t!e *u%gment of t!e C63/ acting a# a lan% regi#tration court/ on t!e groun% t!at a lan% regi#tration court cannoti##ue a title o'er propert, of t!e public %omain. ence it i# t!e Court of >ppeal# &!ic! !a#

*uri#%iction pur#uant to +.P. +lg. 129 an% R4= of t!e Rule# of Court. u*uico '. Republic/ ;.R.No. 1881/ 2 ctober 200=.

!e RC !a# no *uri#%iction to i##ue an or%er for t!e i##uance of ne& o&ner5# %uplicate title if t!e o&ner5# %uplicate title &a# not actuall, lo#t but &a# in t!e po##e##ion of a per#on &!o !a%boug!t t!e propert,. !e or%er of t!e RC ma, be #et a#i%e un%er Rule 4= of t!e Rule# of Court an% cannot become final an% e"ecutor, a# t!e or%er i# 'oi% for lac( of *uri#%iction.Fillanue'a '. Filoria/ ;.R. No. 1<<804/ 14 Marc! 2008.

Rule ,$. Preliminary 0n)unction.

@!ile P7 1818 pro!ibit# an, court from i##uing in*unction# or re#training or%er# in ca#e#

in'ol'ing infra#tructure pro*ect#/ t!e pro!ibition e"ten%# onl, to t!e i##uance of in*unction# ina%mini#trati'e act# in contro'er#ie# in'ol'ing fact# or t!e e"erci#e of %i#cretion in tec!nicalca#e#. !e i##ue# of &!et!er t!ere i# a 'iolation of t!e plaintiff#5 con#titutionall, protecte% rig!tto !ealt! un%er Section 1</ >rticle 33 an% &!et!er N>PCR !a% 'iolate% Section 2= of t!eocal ;o'ernment Co%e are ue#tion# of la& &!ic! %i'e#t t!e ca#e from t!e protecti'e mantleof P7 1818. ernan%eJ '. National Po&er Corp./ ;.R. 14<28/ 2 Mar 0.

!e pro!ibition on t!e i##uance of a &rit of in*unction to en*oin t!e collection of ta"e# applie# onl, tonational internal re'enue ta"e#/ an% not to local ta"e#. >ngele# Cit, '. >ngele# Cit, ?lectric Corp./29 Bune 2010.

Rule 64. Revie1 of Decisions of t*e C+C and CA

G ?#te'e# file% an election prote#t &it! t!e RC of +aler/ >urora. +itong mo'e% to %i#mi##t!e election prote#t becau#e it %i% not #pecif, t!e precinct# &ere frau% an% irregularitie# &ereallege%l, committe%. !e motion to %i#mi## &a# %enie% b, t!e RC. +itong a##aile% t!e %enialin a petition for certiorari an% pro!ibition &it! t!e CM??C. !e CM??C 2n% 7i'i#ione'entuall, nullifie% t!e RC5# %enial or%er an% %i#mi##e% ?#te'e#5 election prote#t. ?#te'e#t!en file% a petition for certiorari an% pro!ibition un%er Rule < &it! t!e SC a##ailing t!e 2 n%

7i'i#ion5# %i#mi##al or%er. Ma, t!e petition of ?#te'e# be %i#mi##e%K > e#. n%er >rticle 3-C/ Section of t!e Con#titution/ an aggrie'e% part, mu#t fir#t file amotion for recon#i%eration of a re#olution of a 7i'i#ion to t!e CM??C en banc . !i#reuirement of a motion for recon#i%eration i# man%ator, an% *uri#%ictional in in'o(ing t!e po&er of re'ie& of t!e ig! Court. 6ailure to abi%e b, t!i# reuirement con#titute# a goo% groun% for

t!e %i#mi##al of t!e petition. ?#te'e# '. Sarmiento/ ;.R. 182=4/ 11 No'ember 2008.


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Rule 6,. Certiorari( !ro*i5ition( and mandamus

G @!at i# t!e reme%, if a motion for e"ecution i# %enie%K > !e reme%, i# man%amu#. !e i##uance of a &rit of e"ecution i# a mini#terial %ut, of t!e court un%er S1 R9/ compellable b, a &rit of man%amu#. ;reater Metropolitan Manila Soli%@a#te Management Committee '. Bancom ?n'ironmental Corporation/ ;.R. No. 1/ 0

Bune 200/ citing ca#e#. 'ancom an% ot!er ca#e# cite% t!erein ma, be %eeme% to !a'e#uper#e%e% Soccoro v. (rti) / ;.R. No. -208/ 24 7ecember 194/ &!erein it &a# #tate% t!att!e proper reme%, i# appeal.

Rule 6# !ro!riation

3n an action to reco'er propert, or for pa,ment of *u#t compen#ation o'er propert, ta(en b, t!ego'ernment &it!out in#tituting e"propriation procee%ing#/ t!e trial court cannot a&ar% *u#tcompen#ation &it!out follo&ing t!e proce%ure lai% %o&n b, Section# < an% of Rule =regar%ing t!e appointment of not more t!an commi##ioner#. ?u#ebio '. ui#/ ;.R. 124=4/1 ctober 2009. Compare &it! t!e earlier ca#e of Republic v. Court of !ppeals, ;.R.14=24</ 1 Marc! 200</ &!ere t!e SC !el% t!at t!e RC ma, in an action for reco'er, of

po##e##ion of propert, ta(en b, t!e go'ernment &it!out t!e benefit of e"propriationprocee%ing# a&ar% *u#t compen#ation #ince t!e go'ernment &ai'e% t!e proce%ure in R= &!enit 'iolate% t!e proce%ural reuirement#. 3t i# #ubmitte% t!at t!e ruling in Republic v. Court of

!ppeals i# t!e ruling ca#e la&/ #ince a %eci#ion of a %i'i#ion can be mo%ifie% or re'er#e% onl, b,t!e SC en banc pur#uant to Section 4 of >rticle F333 of t!e Con#titution.

> recor% on appeal i# reuire% in multiple an% #eparate appeal#. Buri#pru%ence recogniJe# t!ee"i#tence of multiple appeal# in e"propriation procee%ing# becau#e t!ere are t&o #tage# ine'er, action for e"propriation. !e rea#on for multiple appeal# in t!e #ame ca#e i# to enablet!e re#t of t!e ca#e to procee% in t!e e'ent t!at a #eparate an% %i#tinct i##ue i# re#ol'e% b, t!etrial court an% !el% to be final. 3n #uc! a ca#e/ a recor% on appeal i# in%i#pen#able #ince onl, aparticular inci%ent of t!e ca#e i# broug!t to t!e appellate court for re#olution &it! t!e re#t of t!e

procee%ing# remaining &it!in t!e *uri#%iction of t!e trial court. 3n t!i# ca#e #ince t!e trial courtfull, an% finall, re#ol'e% all concei'able i##ue# in t!e complaint for e"propriation/ t!ere &a# nonee% for N>PCR to file a recor% on appeal becau#e t!e original recor%# coul% alrea%, be#ent to t!e appellate court. Marin%uue Mining an% 3n%. Corp. '. N>PCR/ ;.R. 11219/ ctober 2008.

@!ile un%er t!e 194 Rule# t!e %efen%ant in an e"propriation ca#e ma, file a motion to %i#mi##/un%er t!e 199= Rule# of Ci'il Proce%ure t!e %efen%ant ma, no longer file a motion to %i#mi##.

>n, ob*ection# or %efen#e# t!e %efen%ant ma, !a'e to t!e ta(ing of !i# propert, mu#t be #etfort! in an an#&er. S R=D Ma#i(ip '. Cit, of Pa#ig/ ;.R. No. 149/ 2 Banuar, 200.

Rule #7. )ectment

!e motion for recon#i%eration of a *u%gment pro!ibite% un%er t!e RSP an% R=0 i# t!at file%before t!e MC. @!ere t!e MC5# *u%gment i# appeale% to t!e RC/ a motion for recon#i%eration of t!e RC5# *u%gment i# not pro!ibite%. ?#tate of Maca%ang%ang '. ;a'iola/ 4Marc! 09.

Petitioner/ e'en t!oug! a non-part, in t!e e*ectment ca#e/ i# boun% b, t!e *u%gment becau#ea#i%e from being a relati'e or pri', to t!e Spou#e# 6ernan%eJ/ #!e i# al#o acting a# t!eir agent


Page 11



&!en #!e &a# place% in t!e propert, b, t!e Spou#e# 6ernan%eJ after t!e RC or%ere%e"ecution pen%ing appeal in or%er to fru#trate t!e *u%gment. Salan%anan '. Spou#e# Men%eJ/1 Mar 09.

3n an unla&ful %etainer #uit/ #uc! a# t!e in#tant ca#e &!ere t!e %efen%ant &a# occup,ing t!elan% t!roug! t!e plaintiff5# tolerance/ an allegation of !o& an% &!en t!e %efen%ant entere% t!e

propert, i# not a *uri#%ictional reuirement. !i# i# becau#e t!e one-,ear perio% to in#titute t!ee*ectment #uit i# counte% not from t!e unla&ful entr, but from t!e time t!e po##e##ion becameunla&ful/ i.e./ from t!e time t!e %eman% to 'acate &a# ma%e. 7elo# Re,e# '. Sp#. %one#/ 2Marc! 2011.

?'en public lan%# ma, be t!e #ub*ect of e*ectment #uit#. ee '. 7ela PaJ/ 2= ctober 2009.

Rule #%. Contem!t

n%er S4 R=1/ in%irect contempt procee%ing# ma, be initiate% motu proprio b, t!e court b, anor%er or an, ot!er formal c!arge reuiring t!e re#pon%ent to #!o& cau#e &!, !e #!oul% not becite% for contempt. 7i#obe%ience to t!e MC5# or%er for t!e return of t!e 'e!icle ualifie# a#

in%irect contempt for &!ic! t!e MC properl, i##ue% a #!o&-cau#e or%er to nion +an(. !e#!o&-cau#e or%er &a# a legitimate e"erci#e of t!e MC5# *u%icial %i#cretion to %etermine&!et!er nion +an( #!oul% be #anctione% for %i#regar%ing it# or%er. !u# independently of t!emotion# file% b, t!e amon%ong #pou#e#/ it &a# t!e Pa#a, MC &!ic! commence% t!econtempt procee%ing# motu proprio. No 'erifie% petition i# reuire% if t!e contempt procee%ing#are initiate% in t!i# manner. eoni%a# '. Bu%ge Supnet/ >.M. No. MB-02-14/ 21 6ebruar,200.

n%er S4 R=1/ if t!e contempt procee%ing# are not initiate% motu proprio b, t!e court again#t&!ic! t!e contempt &a# committe%/ t!e c!arge for in%irect contempt #!all be commence% b, a'erifie% petition upon full compliance &it! t!e reuirement# for filing initiator, plea%ing# for ci'ilaction#. ere it &a# ;o &!o broug!t to t!e attention of t!e C> t!e allege% mi#be!a'iour of >tt,.

Regala%o t!roug! t!e filing of t!e manife#tation &it! omnibu# motion. @it!out #uc! po#iti'e acton t!e part of ;o/ no in%irect contempt c!arge coul% !a'e been initiate% at all. ence t!e filingof a 'erifie% petition &a# man%ator, an% t!e ab#ence of #uc! meant t!at t!e C> %i% not acuire

*uri#%iction o'er t!e #pecial ci'il action for contempt again#t >tt,. Regala%o. !e Supreme Court%i#tingui#!e% t!e in#tant ca#e from Leonidas v. 'udge Supnet / supra/ &!ere t!ere &a# an utter 'iolation of t!e court5# or%er reuiring nion +an( to return t!e #eiJe% c!attel an% &!ereindependently of t!e motion# file% b, t!e amon%ong#/ it &a# t!e Pa#a, MC &!ic!commence% t!e contempt procee%ing# motu proprio. Regala%o '. ;o/ ;.R. No. 1=988/ 6ebruar, 200=.

SPECIAL PROCEEDINGS

Man%amu# i# not a'ailable for a #on to compel !i# mot!er to pro%uce !i# fat!er5# &ill. !i# i#becau#e t!ere i# a plain/ #pee%,/ an% a%euate reme%, in t!e or%inar, cour#e of la&/ t!at i#/ t!efiling of a petition for probate un%er S1 R= an% t!en mo'ing for t!e pro%uction of t!e &ill un%er S2-< R=<. , '. ee/ 1< Banuar, 2010.

a&,er ma, file a %irect claim again#t t!e e#tate for pa,ment of legal fee# &!ere t!e e"ecutor refu#e# to pa, t!e legal fee#. Salonga ernan%eJ I >lla%o '. Pa#cual/ ;.R. No. 12=1</ 2Ma, 200.


Page 12



Non-pa,ment of %oc(et fee# not *uri#%ictional in t!e ca#e of a mone, claim. Certification again#tforum #!opping not reuire%. S!e(er '. ?#tate of S!e(er/ ;.R. No. 1<=912/ 1 7ecember 200=.

Matter# relating to t!e rig!t# of filiation an% !eir#!ip mu#t be 'entilate% in t!e proper probate

court in a #pecial procee%ing in#titute% preci#el, for t!e purpo#e of %etermining #uc! rig!t#. !e#tatu# of an illegitimate c!il% &!o claime% to be an !eir to a %ece%ent5# e#tate cannot bea%*u%icate% in an or%inar, ci'il action for reco'er, of propert,. ;abatan '. C>/ 1 Mar 09.

sc*eat and Reversion

> pri'ate in%i'i%ual !a# no per#onalit, to ue#tion t!e title of a tran#feree of lan% on t!e groun%t!at t!e tran#feree i# an alien. 3t i# onl, t!e Republic/ t!roug! t!e S;/ &!ic! can %o #o b,filing t!e appropriate action for e#c!eat or re'er#ion. +alai#-Mabanag '. R7 of GueJon Cit,/ 29Marc! 2010.

Ado!tion

!e petition coul% al#o incorporate a petition to c!ange t!e name of t!e c!il%. S10 R>. !ebetter 'ie& i# t!at t!e c!ange of name ma, al#o co'er t!e c!ange of t!e fir#t name #incea%option ipso facto c!ange# t!e #urname of t!e a%opte% to t!at of t!e a%opter. !e ruling inRepublic v. *ernande) / 9 6ebruar, 199/ &!ic! #tate% t!at a pra,er for c!ange of fir#t namecannot be %ecree% in an a%option ca#e an% t!at in#tea% a petition for c!ange of name #!oul% befile% in a #eparate procee%ing un%er R10/ mu#t be %eeme% #uper#e%e% b, S10 R>.

8a5eas Cor!us

!e con'ict or t!e pro#ecution ma, file a petition for a &rit of !abea# corpu# in t!e court of origin if t!e re#ult# of t!e po#t-con'iction 7N> te#ting are fa'orable to t!e con'ict. 3f t!e court/

after %ue !earing fin%# t!e petition to be meritoriou#/ it #!all re'er#e or mo%if, t!e *u%gment of con'iction an% or%er t!e relea#e of t!e con'ict. > #imilar petition ma, be file% eit!er in t!e C>or in t!e SC/ or &it! an, member of #ai% court#/ &!ic! ma, con%uct a !earing t!ereon or reman% t!e petition to t!e court of origin an% i##ue appropriate or%er#. S10 Rule on 7N>?'i%ence.

@!ere bot! parent# !a% *oint cu#to%, of a c!il%/ t!e &rit ma, be a'aile% of if a fat!er i# %epri'e%of !i# rig!t to #ee !i# c!il%. Saliente# '. >banilla/ ;.R. 12=4/ 29 >ugu#t 200.

> petition for &rit of !abea# corpu# to %etermine t!e rig!tful cu#to%, of a c!il% i# not moote% b,t!e pro%uction of t!e c!il% an% !er %eli'er, to t!e petitioner. !e court #!oul% #till procee% to%etermine &!o #!oul% !a'e t!e rig!tful cu#to%, of t!e c!il%. +agta# '. Santo#/ 2= No'ember

2009.

9rit of Am!aro

!e t!reatene% %emolition of a %&elling b, 'irtue of a final an% e"ecutor, *u%gment i# notinclu%e% among t!e enumeration of rig!t# in S1 R@>. Canla# '. Napico omeo&ner#

>##ociation/ < Bune 2008/ en banc.


Page 13



Rule %73 :C*an"e of ;ame< and Rule %7$ :Correction of ntries<

3n Bune 200< Merl,n . Merca%era #oug!t before t!e ocal Ci'il Regi#trar of 7ipolog Cit, t!ecorrection of !er name a# it appeare% in t!e birt! certificate from Maril,n . Merca%era to Merl,n. Merca%era. !e CR of 7ipolog Cit, !o&e'er refu#e% to act on t!e correction unle## a courtor%er &a# obtaine% #ince !e &a# not ,et euippe% &it! a permanent appointment. Merl,n .

Merca%era t!u# file% a petition un%er Rule 108 &it! t!e RC of 7ipolog Cit, to correct !er nameappearing in t!e birt! certificate a# Maril,n . Merca%era to Merl,n . Merca%era/ t!e name #!e!a# been u#ing #ince c!il%!oo% an% in !er official an% #c!ool recor%#. !e RC grante% t!epetition. n appeal/ t!e S; a#(e% t!at t!e RC5# %eci#ion be #et a#i%e a# t!e proper reme%,t!at #!oul% !a'e been a'aile% of i# Rule 10 for c!ange of name an% not Rule 108 for correction of entrie#. 3# t!e S; correctK No. 3f &!at a petitioner #ee(# to %o i# #impl, tocorrect a t,pograp!ical or clerical error in t!e entr, of !er name/ t!en t!e proce%ure to befollo&e% i# Rule 108 an% not Rule 10. n t!e ot!er !an%/ Rule 10 i# ba#e% on c!ange of name &!ic! i# not #impl, a correction of a t,pograp!ical or clerical error/ a# &!ere t!e name i#%i#!onorable or i# in%icati'e of former alienage. ere t!e correction of a patentl, mi##pelle%name Maril,n for Merl,n i# proper un%er Rule 108. !e RC %i% not allo& Merca%era toc!ange !er name. @!at it %i% allo& &a# t!e correction of !er mi##pelle% gi'en name &!ic! #!e

!a# been u#ing e'er #ince #!e coul% remember. Republic '. Merca%era/ ;.R. No. 1802=/ 87ecember 2010.

Singaporean practice of not carr,ing a mi%%le name not enoug! to *u#tif, a c!il% born of Singaporean fat!er an% 6ilipino mot!er/ but &!o#e birt! &a# regi#tere% in t!e P!ilippine#/ toc!ange !i# name b, %ropping t!e mi%%le name #urname of t!e mot!er. 3n Re Petition for C!ange of Name an%or Correction of ?ntr, in t!e Ci'il Regi#tr, of Bulian in Carula#an @ang/0 Mar 0<

Se" rea##ignment #urger, not a 'ali% groun% for c!ange of entr, regar%ing fir#t name RommelBacinto to Mel, an% #e" male to female in birt! certificate. 3n c!ange of fir#t name/ CR !a#primar, *uri#%iction. RC &oul% !a'e *uri#%iction upon %enial of a%mini#trati'e petition for

c!ange of fir#t name. Sil'erio '. Republic/ ;.R. No. 1=489/ 22 ctober 200=.

Re#pon%ent &a# born in 1981 an% regi#tere% a female. @!ile gro&ing up #!e %e'elope%#econ%ar, male c!aracteri#tic# an% &a# %iagno#e% to !a'e congenital a%renal !,perpla#iaC> &!ic! i# a con%ition &!ere per#on# t!u# afflicte% po##e## bot! female an% malec!aracteri#tic#. >t 1 te#t# re'eale% t!at !er o'arian #tructure# !a% minimiJe%/ #!e !a# #toppe%gro&ing/ an% #!e !a# no brea#t or men#trual %e'elopment. S!e pra,e% t!at !er birt! certificatebe correcte% #uc! t!at !er gen%er be c!ange% from female to male an% !er fir#t name bec!ange% from Bennifer to Beff. SC affirme% trial court5# grant of petition. 6ailure to implea% t!eCR &!o i# an in%i#pen#able part, %eeme% #ub#tantiall, cure% &!en Re#pon%ent furni#!e%cop, of petition to CR. Republic '. Cagan%a!an/ 12 September 2008.

> petition &!ic! #ee(# to c!ange t!e petitioner5# name a# &ell a# !i# #tatu# from illegitimate tolegitimate in'ol'e# a #ub#tantial c!ange an% t!u# #!oul% be %one t!roug! a%'er#arialprocee%ing# in &!ic! t!e local ci'il regi#trar an% all per#on# &!o !a'e or claim to !a'e an,intere#t t!at &oul% be affecte% t!ereb, #!oul% be implea%e%. ere alt!oug! copie# of t!epetition &ere #er'e% upon t!e CR/ !e &a# not implea%e% a# a part,. Nor &ere Petitioner5#fat!er an% mot!er ma%e partie# t!ereto. ence t!e *u%gment of t!e RC allo&ing t!e c!ange of name #!oul% be #et a#i%e. Republic '. Co#eteng-Magpa,o/ 2 6ebruar, 2011.


Page 14



CRIMINAL PROCEDURE

Jurisdiction

2 information# for unfair competition file% again#t t!e Petitioner before RC. Motion to ua#!&a# file% b, accu#e% #a,ing t!at #ince t!e penalt, &a# not o'er ,ear#/ t!e *uri#%iction i# &it!

t!e MC. SC !el% t!at RC !a# *uri#%iction o'er ca#e# for infringement/ unfair competition/fal#e %e#ignation of origin/ an% fal#e %e#criptionrepre#entation regar%le## of t!e impo#ablepenalt, citing/ Sec. 2= of t!e ra%emar( a& &!ic! pro'i%e# t!at *uri#%iction o'er #uc! ca#e#i# &it! t!e Court of 6ir#t 3n#tance. Sam#on '. 7a&a,/ ;R 100<4-<</ 21 Bul 04.

Rule %%7

> crime i# an offen#e again#t t!e State/ an% !ence i# pro#ecute% in t!e name of t!e People of t!e P!ilippine#. !e participation of t!e pri'ate offen%e% part, i# not e##ential to t!e pro#ecutionof crime#/ e"cept in t!e crime# #tate% abo'e/ or in t!e pro#ecution of t!e ci'il action %eeme%in#titute% &it! t!e criminal action. > complaint for purpo#e# of preliminar, in'e#tigation b, t!epro#ecutor nee% not be file% b, t!e $offen%e% part,) but ma, be file% b, an, competent per#on/

unle## t!e offen#e #ub*ect t!ereof cannot be pro#ecute% de oficio. 6ranci#co '. People/ 186ebruar, 2009.

6iling of t!e complaint &it! t!e Pro#ecutor5# office alrea%, toll# t!e running of t!e pre#cripti'eperio% e'en if t!e offen#e i# for t!e 'iolation of a #pecial la& in t!i# ca#e/ +.P. 22. !e p!ra#e$procee%ing#) in Section 2 of >ct. 2 b, &!ic! pre#cription i# interrupte% #!oul% be %eeme% torefer to procee%ing# *u%icial or e"ecuti'e in c!aracter. Panaguiton '. 7B/ ;.R. 1=<=1/ 2<No'ember 2008. +aldivia v. Reyes/ Bul, 1992/ o'erturne%.

n%er Sec. <.1 of t!e Securitie# Regulation Co%e/ a criminal complaint for 'iolation of an, la&or rule a%mini#tere% b, t!e S?C mu#t fir#t be file% &it! it. 3f t!e S?C fin%# t!at t!ere i# probablecau#e/ t!en it #!oul% refer t!e ca#e to t!e 7B. > criminal c!arge for t!e 'iolation of t!e SRC

i# a #pecialiJe% %i#pute. ence it mu#t fir#t be referre% to an a%mini#trati'e agenc, of #pecialcompetence/ i.e./ t!e S?C. n%er t!e %octrine of primar, *uri#%iction/ court &ill not %etermine acontro'er#, in'ol'ing a ue#tion &it!in t!e *uri#%iction of t!e a%mini#trati'e tribunal/ &!ere t!eue#tion %eman%# t!e e"erci#e of #oun% a%mini#trati'e %i#cretion reuiring t!e #pecialiJe%(no&le%ge an% e"perti#e of #ai% a%mini#trati'e tribunal to %etermine tec!nical an% intricatematter# of fact. +a'iera '. Paglina&an/ ;.R. No. 1880/ 8 6ebruar, 200=.

n%er t!e 2000 Rule# on Criminal Proce%ure effecti'e on 1 7ecember 2000/ a genericaggra'ating circum#tance &!ic! i# not allege% in t!e information cannot be appreciate% again#tt!e accu#e% e'en if t!e #ame &a# pro'e% %uring trial. Section 8 of Rule 110 being aproce%ural la&/ t!e #ame can be applie% to pen%ing ca#e#. People '. Ro"a#/ ;.R.140=2/10 Sep 0D Sombilon ' People/ 0 September 2009.

!e aut!orit, of t!e Pro'incial Pro#ecutor to appear for an% repre#ent t!e People of t!eP!ilippine# i# confine% onl, to t!e procee%ing# before t!e trial court ba#e% on S< R110 of t!eRule# of Court. 3n appeal# an% #pecial ci'il action# before t!e Supreme Court an% t!e Court of

>ppeal#/ it i# t!e ffice of t!e Solicitor ;eneral &!ic! repre#ent# t!e People pur#uant to t!e >%mini#trati'e Co%e of 198=. ence t!e Petition for certiorari file% b, accu#e% &it! t!e Court of >ppeal#/ #ee(ing to #et a#i%e t!e RC *u%ge5# or%er refu#ing to lift t!e &arrant of arre#t &a#


Page 15



fatall, %efecti'e #ince a cop, t!ereof &a# #er'e% not upon t!e S; but upon t!e Pro'incialPro#ecutor. SalaJar '. Romauin/ ;.R. No. 1<108/ 21 Ma, 2004.

!e petition for re'ie& of t!e RC5# *u%gment of con'iction file% &it! t!e C> mu#t be #er'e%upon t!e S; not t!e pro'incial pro#ecutor. !i# i# becau#e it i# t!e S; &!ic! repre#ent# t!ePeople in appeal# an% #pecial ci'il action# before t!e C> an% t!e SC. !e C> #!oul% !a'e

%i#mi##e% t!e petition outrig!t. 3t# %eci#ion acuitting t!e accu#e% i# null an% 'oi% &!ere t!eS; &a# not gi'en notice of t!e procee%ing# an% gi'en a c!ance to comment on t!e petition.People '. 7uca/ 0 ctober 2009.

G Ma, t!e complaint-affi%a'it# an% t!e #upporting affi%a'it# file% &it! t!e pro#ecutor for preliminar, in'e#tigation be #ub#cribe% before a notar, publicK

> nl, if t!ere i# a #!o&ing t!at a pro#ecutor or go'ernment official aut!oriJe% toa%mini#ter oat! &a# una'ailable a# reuire% b, Sec. a R112. 3f t!ere i# no #uc! #!o&ing t!ein'e#tigating pro#ecutor #!oul% not accept #uc! affi%a'it#. a%la% '. Fela#co/ ;.R. No#.1=20=0-=2/ 1 Bune 200=.

!e C> ma, not ta(e into account t!e recor%# of t!e preliminar, in'e#tigation a# ba#i# for

fin%ing t!e pro#ecutor guilt, of gra'e abu#e of %i#cretion. S8b R112D ffice of t!e Pro'incialPro#ecutor of amboanga '. C>/ ;.R. 12<=9/ 2= 7ec 00. a(e note !o&e'er of t!e SC;ui%eline# on Pretrial an% 7i#co'er, effecti'e 1 >ugu#t 2004 &!ic! man%ate# t!at t!e *u%ge#!all or%er t!e pro#ecution to attac! t!e recor%# of t!e preliminar, in'e#tigation to t!e ca#erecor%.

Fenue in libel ca#e# &!ere t!e complainant i# a pri'ate in%i'i%ual i# &!ere !e actuall, re#i%e# att!e time of t!e commi##ion of t!e offen#e or &!ere t!e %efamator, article &a# printe% an% fir#tpubli#!e%. 3n criminal pro#ecution for libel &!ere %efamator, article &a# po#te% on a &eb#ite/ anallegation t!at t!e %efamator, article &a# fir#t publi#!e% an% acce##e% in Ma(ati i# not #ufficientto 'e#t *uri#%iction upon t!e Ma(ati RC. !ere i# no &a, of %etermining t!e #itu# of t!earticle5# fir#t printing an% publication. !e place &!ere t!e article &a# fir#t acce##e% cannot be

euate% to t!e fir#t publication. +onifacio ' RC of Ma(ati/ < Ma, 2010.

Rule %%%. Prosecution of Civil Action

3n a pro#ecution for +.P. +lg. 22 again#t t!e #ignator, of a corporate c!ec(/ t!e offen%e% part,cannot mo'e t!at t!e corporation be implea%e% in t!e +.P. 22 ca#e #ince a corporation cannotbe !el% criminall, liable un%er +.P. +lg. 22. ;o#iaco '. C!ing/ ;.R. 1=80=/ 1 >pril 2009.

Rule %%2. Preliminary 0nvesti"ation

PC;; !a# no aut!orit, to con%uct preliminar, in'e#tigation an% to file information# for 'iolationof t!e >nti-;raft a&. ence t!e information# t!at it file% are null an% 'oi%. Pp '. Romual%eJ/

;.R. 1<10/ 29 >pril 2009.

> Regional State Pro#ecutor !a# no aut!orit, to appro'e t!e filing of an information a# !e i# notamong t!e officer# mentione% in S4 R112. olentino '. Paueo/ = Bune 200=.

!e *u%ge mi#applie% t!e euipoi#e rule in %i#mi##ing t!e ca#e for lac( of probable cau#e un%er S R112. !e euipoi#e rule ma, be applie% onl, after t!e partie# !a'e pre#ente% t!eir e'i%ence. Not&it!#tan%ing t!e mi#application of t!e euipoi#e rule/ t!e *u%ge properl,


Page 16



e"erci#e% !i# po&er to %i#mi## t!e ca#e for lac( of probable cau#e un%er S R112. Pp ' ;abo/ >ugu#t 2010.

Rule %%3. Arrest

Reliable information or tip b, it#elf not #ufficient ba#i# for a &arrantle## arre#t un%er S< R11.

Pp '. Rac!o/ >ugu#t 2010.

Rule %%4. =ail

pon con'iction of t!e accu#e% b, t!e RC impo#ing a penalt, greater t!an ,ear# but &!ic!i# not %eat!/ reclu#ion perpetua/ or life impri#onment/ a%mi##ion to bail i# discretionary if noneof t!e circum#tance# mentione% in Section < flig!t ri#(/ crime ri#(/ reci%i'i#t/ !abitual%elinuenc,/ pre'iou# e#cape/ etc. are pre#ent. >%mi##ion to bail i# not a matter of rig!t a#argue% b, Petitioner. !e court ma, %en, bail on con#i%eration# ot!er t!an t!e ab#ence of t!ecircum#tance# un%er S< R114. n t!e ot!er !an%/ if an, of t!e circum#tance# are pre#ent/ t!ecourt !a# no option but to %en, or re'o(e bail. e'i#te '. C>/ 1= Marc! 2010.

Rule %%,. Ri"*ts of t*e Accused

Bu%ge cannot arc!i'e ca#e if accu#e% !a% been arraigne%. rial in ab#entia #!oul% becon%ucte%. Fi#bal '. Bu%ge Fanilla/ = >pril 2009

Rule %%#. +otion to >uas*

G Re#pon%ent &a# c!arge% in t!e S+ &it! t!e 'iolation of Sec. g of t!e >nti-;raft a&for entering into contract# manife#tl, %i#a%'antageou# to t!e go'ernment. Re#pon%entplea%e% not guilt,. !e pro#ecution an% t!e re#pon%ent# entere% into #tipulation# %uring t!epre-trial. +a#e% on t!e#e #tipulation#/ t!e re#pon%ent file% a motion to ua#! on t!e groun% t!at$t!e fact# c!arge% %o not con#titute an offen#e.) !e t!ru#t of t!e motion i# t!at t!e re#pon%ent

a# a %irector of t!e ;S3S %i% not #ign t!e minute# &!erein t!e boar% re#olution appro'ing t!econtract &a# pa##e%. !e S+ grante% t!e motion to ua#! an% %i#mi##e% t!e ca#e. !e Peopleappeale% to t!e SC un%er R4<. @ill t!e appeal place t!e accu#e% in %ouble *eopar%,K

> No. @!ile t!e groun% of t!e motion to ua#! i# o#ten#ibl, t!at $t!e fact# c!arge% %o notcon#titute an offen#e/) an anal,#i# t!ereof re'eal# t!at it i# reall, groun%e% on in#ufficienc, of e'i%ence. 3n#ufficienc, of e'i%ence i# not a groun% of a motion to ua#! but of a %emurrer toe'i%ence file% after t!e pro#ecution !a# re#te% it# ca#e. 3n %i#mi##ing t!e ca#e ba#e% onin#ufficienc, of e'i%ence before t!e Pro#ecution !a# pre#ente% it# e'i%ence an% re#te% it# ca#e/t!e S+ %epri'e% t!e pro#ecution of %ue proce##. !ere &a# a %enial of %ue proce## re#ulting inlo## of *uri#%iction. !e %i#mi##al &a# 'oi% for t!e S+ acte% &it!out or in e"ce## of *uri#%ictionD!ence t!e %i#mi##al or%er &a# 'oi% an% cannot be t!e ba#i# of %ouble *eopar%,. People '.7umlao/ 2 Marc! 09.

r%er granting a motion to ua#! on t!e groun% t!at t!e fact# c!arge% %o not con#titute anoffen#e i# not go'erne% b, Section 8 of Rule 11=. @!ile t!e pro'i#ion on pro'i#ional %i#mi##ali# foun% &it!in Rule 11= entitle% Motion to Gua#!/ it %oe# not follo& t!at a motion to ua#!re#ult# in a pro'i#ional %i#mi##al to &!ic! S8 R11= applie#. ence t!e time-bar rule %oe# notappl, to t!e %i#mi##al of t!e information an% t!e ca#e ma, be re-opene% if t!e trial court fin%#t!at t!e ua#!al &a# improper. o# +aAo# '. Pe%ro/ ;.R. 1=<88/ 22 >pril 2009.


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6ollo&ing a colli#ion Petitioner Ba#on 3'ler &a# c!arge% &it! t&o offen#e#: Rec(le##3mpru%ence Re#ulting in Slig!t P!,#ical 3n*urie# Crim. Ca#e No. 82= for in*urie# #uffere% b,?'angeline Ponce/ an% Rec(le## 3mpru%ence Re#ulting in omici%e for t!e %eat! of Ne#tor Ponce Crim. Ca#e No. 82. Petitioner plea%e% guilt, to Crim. Ca#e No. 82= an% &a#mete% t!e penalt, of public cen#ure. 3n'o(ing t!i# con'iction/ Petitioner mo'e% to ua#!Criminal Ca#e No. 82. !e SC !el% t!at Criminal Ca#e 82 #!oul% be ua#!e% #ince it

relate# to t!e #ame offen#e. !e SC !el% t!at Rec(le## 3mpru%ence i# a #ingle crime an% t!atit# con#euence# on per#on# an% propert, are material onl, to %etermine t!e penalt,. 3'ler '.Mo%e#to-San Pe%ro/ 1= No'ember 2010.

Rule %%-. ?rial

!e pro#ecution file% it# formal offer of e"!ibit#. n t!e #ame %a,/ t!e accu#e% file% a motion to%i#mi## on t!e groun% of t!e 'iolation of !i# rig!t to a #pee%, trial an% on t!e groun% t!at t!etrial court !a# no e'i%ence to con#i%er/ t!at t!e c!arge !a% no leg to #tan% on/ an% t!at t!epro#ecution &itne##e# !a% no (no&le%ge of t!e accu#e%5# participation or connection in t!ecrime. !e trial court treate% t!e motion to %i#mi## a# a %emurrer/ %enie% t!e #ame/ an%%eeme% t!e accu#e% to !a'e &ai'e% t!e rig!t to pre#ent e'i%ence #ince !e file% t!e motion

&it!out lea'e of court. !e Supreme Court !el% t!at t!e motion to %i#mi## cannot be treate% a#a %emurrer #ince a %emurrer can onl, be file% after t!e pro#ecution !a# re#te% it# ca#e pur#uantto S2 R119. !e motion i# actuall, a motion to %i#mi## ba#e% on t!e 'iolation of t!e rig!t to a#pee%, trial. Caba%or '. People/ ;.R. 18001/ 2 ctober 2009.

A!!eal

3n criminal ca#e#/ %eci#ion# of t!e RC #!oul% be appeale% to t!e C> e'en if t!e appealin'ol'e# onl, pure ue#tion# of la&. !e rule allo&ing a %irect appeal to t!e SC from an RC

*u%gment &!ere t!e appeal onl, in'ol'e# a ue#tion of la&# applie# onl, to appeal in ci'ilca#e#. an '. People/ 81 SCR> =< 2002E.

> RC %eci#ion con'icting a public officer TS;2= of mal'er#ation of public fun%# i# appealableto t!e S+ not to t!e C> pur#uant to P.7. 10. Guile#ete '. People/ 18 6eb 09. Since t!eaccu#e% a'aile% of t!e &rong mo%e/ t!e *u%gment of con'iction became final an% e"ecutor,.

!e fre#! 1<-%a, perio% pro'i%e% for in &eypes applie# to appeal# in criminal ca#e#/not&it!#tan%ing t!e &or%ing# of S R122. u '. Sam#on-ata%/ ;.R. 1=09=9/ 9 6ebruar,2011.

Rule %26. Searc* ' sei@ure

> #earc! &arrant procee%ing i# in no #en#e a criminal action or t!e commencement of apro#ecution. !e procee%ing i# not one again#t an, per#on/ but i# #olel, for t!e %i#co'er,

an% to get po##e##ion of per#onal propert,. 3t !o&e'er !a# no relation to a ci'il proce##. 3tconcern# t!e public at large a# %i#tingui#!e% from t!e or%inar, ci'il action in'ol'ing t!e rig!t# of pri'ate per#on#. 3t ma, onl, be applie% for in t!e furt!erance of public pro#ecution. nite%aboratorie#/ 3nc. '. 3#ip/ 28 Bune 200<. o&e'er a pri'ate in%i'i%ual or a pri'ate corporationcomplaining to t!e N+3 or to a go'ernment agenc, c!arge% &it! t!e enforcement of #pecialpenal la&#/ #uc! a# t!e +6>7/ ma, appear/ participate an% file plea%ing# in t!e #earc! &arrantprocee%ing# to maintain/ inter alia/ t!e 'ali%it, of a #earc! &arrant i##ue% b, t!e court an% t!e


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a%mi##ibilit, of propertie# #eiJe% in anticipation of a criminal ca#e to be file%D #uc! pri'atepart, ma, %o #o in collaboration &it! t!e N+3 or #uc! go'ernment agenc,. 3%.

EVIDENCE

=est vidence Rule

Pro%uction of t!e original ma, be %i#pen#e% &it! in t!e trial court5# %i#cretion &!ene'er t!eopponent %oe# not bona fi%e %i#pute t!e content# of t!e %ocument# an% no ot!er u#efulpurpo#e &ill be #er'e% b, reuiring pro%uction. ere t!ere &a# no %i#pute a# to t!e term# of eit!er %ee%D !ence t!e RC correctl, a%mitte% t!e p!otocopie# in e'i%ence. Concepcion C!uaa%mitte% #igning t!e %ee% of partition an% in effect a%mitte% t!e genuinene## an% %ue e"ecutionof t!e %ee% of #ale &!en #!e faile% to #pecificall, %en, it un%er oat! pur#uant to S8 R8. !eSpou#e# ;a& %i% not conte#t t!e content# of t!e %ee%# but #impl, allege% t!at t!ere &a# acontemporaneou# agreement t!at t!e tran#fer of agono, umber to C!ua Sioc uan &a# onl,temporar,. ;a& '. C!ua/ ;.R. No. 108<</ 1 >pril 2008.

@!en t!e original of a %ocument i# in t!e cu#to%, of a public officer or i# recor%e% in a public

office/ it# content# ma, be pro'e% b, a certifie% true cop, i##ue% b, t!e public officer in cu#to%,t!ereof. S= R10. !e public officer mu#t !a'e t!e legal cu#to%, of t!e recor%. S24 R12.

> certification b, an officer of t!e local a##e##or5# office t!at a cop, of t!e %ee% of #ale i# acertifie% true cop, i# not an acceptable #econ%ar, e'i%ence. 6ir#t t!e local a##e##or5# office i#not t!e official repo#itor, of original notariJe% %ee%# of #ale an% coul% not !a'e been t!e legalcu#to%ian contemplate% in S24 R12. Secon% t!e certification %i% not #tate t!at it i# a certifie%true cop, of the original a# reuire% un%er S2< R12. ;abatan '. C>/ 1 Marc! 2009.

Presentation o c!ec" in e#idence not a condition sine $%a non or con#iction %nder &'P'&()' **' T!e +est e#idence r%(e a,,(ies on(y -!ere t!e contents o t!e doc%.ent is t!es%+/ect o in$%iry' It does not a,,(y -!ere -!at is to +e ,ro#ed is t!e e0ec%tion or t!ee0istence o a doc%.ent' 1Arceo # Peo,(e2 G'R' 34*5432 36 J%(y *7758'

Pre#entation of p!otocop, of ;ulf >ir finance manual permi##ible in labor procee%ing# &!ic! arenon-litigiou#. ;ulf >ir '. NRC/ 24 >pril 2009.

+e#t e'i%ence rule %oe# not appl, &!ere t!e content# of a %ocument are not t!e #ub*ect of inuir,/ a# in t!e ca#e &!ere neit!er part, %i#pute% t!e content# of a #er'ice contract. Ni##anNort! ?7S> '. nite% P!il. Scout >genc,/ 20 >pril 2010.

G 3# t!e +e#t ?'i%ence Rule un%er t!e Rule# on ?lectronic ?'i%ence applicable to non-electronic %ocument#K

> No. MCC 3n%u#trial Corporation '. S#ang,ong Corp./ ;.R. No. 1=0/ 1= ctober

200=. ence non-electronic %ocument# paper-ba#e% %ocument# are co'ere% b, t!e be#te'i%ence rule un%er S R10.

P!otocopie# of fa" tran#mi##ion# are not a%mi##ible unle## t!e non-pro%uction of t!e originalfa" tran#mi##ion i# accounte% for. 6a" tran#mi##ion# are not electronic %ocument# or electronice'i%ence. MCC 3n%u#trial Corporation '. S#ang,ong Corp./ ;.R. No. 1=0/ 1= ctober 200=/ Nac!ura/ B.


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3f not all t!e content# of a %ocument are generate% or recor%e% electronicall,/ #uc! a# if t!e%ocument contain# a manual #ignature an% !an%&ritten notation#/ t!en a p!otocop, of #uc!%ocument &ill not be con#i%ere% a# an eui'alent of t!e original. National Po&er Corporation'. Co%illa/ ;.R. No. 1=0491/ >pril 200=/ C!ico-NaJario/ B..

e"t me##age# are ep!emeral electronic communication#. nce #a'e% or recor%e% !o&e'er

t!e, become electronic %ocument# an% are #ub*ect to t!e be#t e'i%ence rule.

Parol evidence rule

> beneficiar, un%er a #tipulation pour autrui i# con#i%ere% a part, to a &ritten contract an% i#boun% b, t!e parol e'i%ence rule. Pacre# '. eir# of gona/ < Ma, 2010.

Privile"es

n%er S= of t!e uman Securit, >ct/ a police or la& enforcement official ma, appl, for a &rittenor%er from t!e C> aut!oriJing t!e #ur'eillance or interception or recor%ing of communication# b,terrori#t# or #u#pecte% terrori#t#. Suc! #ur'eillance etc. #!all not be aut!oriJe% o'er

communication# bet&een attorne,# an% client#/ p!,#ician# an% patient#/ *ournali#t# an% t!eir #ource#/ an% confi%ential bu#ine## corre#pon%ence. P+> B

&ilial Privile"e

> #tepmot!er ma, be compelle% to te#tif, again#t !er #tep%aug!ter #ince t!e #tep%aug!ter i#not !er %irect %e#cen%ant. ee '. C>/ 1 Bul, 2010.

0nformant in ille"al dru"s case

@!en informant mu#t be pre#ente% in an illegal %rug# ca#e: 1 >ccu#e% 'e!ementl, %enie#

#elling pro!ibite% %rug# an% t!ere are material incon#i#tencie# in t!e te#timonie# of t!earre#ting officer#/ 2 t!ere are rea#on# to belie'e t!at t!e arre#ting officer# !a% moti'e#to te#tif, fal#el, again#t t!e accu#e%/ or onl, t!e informant &a# t!e po#eur-bu,er &!oactuall, &itne##e% t!e entire tran#action. Guinocot '. People/ 2 Bune 2009.

0nsurance !olicies and a!!lications

No pri'ilege in content# of in#urance life policie# an% application#. u '. C>/ ;.R. 1<411</ 29No'ember 200<.

Vicarious admission

>ct# an% %eclaration# of t!e %e'eloper >,ala an% 3nc. &oul% be bin%ing upon t!e >,ala >labang Fillage >##ociation in an action to enforce t!e %ee% of re#triction# on #ub%i'i#ion lot# in >,ala >labang Fillage. !i# i# becau#e t!e %ee% of re#triction# pro'i%e t!at t!e #ame ma, beenforce% b, >3 an%or >>F>. ence >3 i# a per#on *ointl, intere#te% &it! >>F> &it!in t!epur'ie& of S29 R10. !e earning C!il% 3nc. '. >,ala >labang Fillage >##ociation/ = Bul,2010.


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Similar Acts Rule

!e contract# to #ell &ere not #ufficient enoug! to pro'e a !abit or cu#tom on t!e part of ?3 to grant t!e 120-mont! term to all it# lot bu,er#. +o#ton +an( '. Manalo/ 9 6eb 0.

Admissions

>ccu#e%5# #ilence &!en !i# &ife5# nep!e& a#(e% !im &!, !e (ille% !i# &ife i# an a%mi##ion b,#ilence un%er S2 R10. 3n a%%ition/ accu#e%5# act of plea%ing for !i# #i#ter-in-la&5#forgi'ene## ma, be con#i%ere% a# analogou# to an attempt to compromi#e/ &!ic! can berecei'e% a# an implie% a%mi##ion of guilt un%er S2= R10. Pp '. ?#paAol/ 1 6eb 09.

6ailure to re#pon% to a %eman% letter i# not an implie% a%mi##ion of liabilit,. > per#on %oe# notma(e a letter e'i%ence b, #en%ing it to t!e part, again#t &!om !e &i#!e# to pro'e t!e fact##tate% t!erein. e can no more impo#e a %ut, to an#&er a c!arge t!an !e can impo#e a %ut, topa, b, #en%ing goo%#. P!il. 6ir#t 3n#. Co. '. @allem P!il#./ 2 Marc! 09.

>ccu#e%5# confe##ion to a ra%io broa%ca#ter &a# a%mi##ible in e'i%ence. e &a# not entitle% to

t!e Miran%a rig!t# a# !e &a# not un%er cu#to%ial in'e#tigation. People '. ipona/ 18 6ebruar,2010.

>ccu#e%5# confe##ion to a antay ayan ma%e &it!out t!e a##i#tance of coun#el i#ina%mi##ible in e'i%ence. 3nuir, ma%e b, a banta, ba,an !a# t!e color of a #tate-relate%function an% entitle# t!e #u#pect to !i# Miran%a rig!t#. People '. auga/ 1< Marc! 2010. nt!e ot!er !an%/ t!e accu#e%5# a%mi##ion# before baranga, tano% an% baranga, official# ma%ein public &it! ot!er per#on# pre#ent &ere !el% a%mi##ible not&it!#tan%ing t!at t!e accu#e% &a#not affor%e% !i# Miran%a rig!t#. People '. Sace/ < >pril 2010.

8earsay

7eclarant5# out-of-court #tatement a%mi##ible to e#tabli#! t!e fact of t!e ma(ing of a #tatementan% t!e tenor t!ereof. ere t!e pro#ecution &itne##5# te#timon, t!at !e o'er!ear% acon'er#ation bet&een Rolan%o an% accu#e% &ife of t!e 'ictim t!at t!e, &oul% fetc! a man in+ulacan &!o (ne& !o& to place a bomb in a 'e!icle i# a%mi##ible/ if onl, to e#tabli#! t!e factt!at #uc! #tatement &a# ma%e an% t!e tenor t!ereof. People '. Malibiran/ 24 >pril 2009. 1

P#,c!ologi#t5# report on t!e p#,c!ological incapacit, of t!e re#pon%ent &a# ba#e% #olel, on !er inter'ie& of t!e petitioner. !e p#,c!ologi#t %i% not actuall, inter'ie& t!e re#pon%ent.Con#euentl, t!e p#,c!ologi#t5# report an% te#timon, &ere !ear#a, e'i%ence #ince #!e !a% noper#onal (no&le%ge of t!e allege% fact# #!e &a# te#tif,ing on. PaJ '. PaJ/ 18 6ebruar, 2010. Dyin" declaration

+loo%ie% con%ition of a #tab 'ictim in%icate# t!at 'ictim mu#t !a'e been full, a&are t!at !e &a#on t!e brin( of %eat!. People '. Serena#/ 29 Bune 2010.

1 The more approprate !ust"cato# "or the admsso# o" the stateme#t s that t "alls $th# the state%o"%m#d

e&cepto# s#ce t sho$s the state o" m#d o" 'ola#do a#d the accused( spec"cally ther #te#t( that they $ould "etch

a ma# $ho )#e$ ho$ to ma)e *om*s+ ,-'. 803/3+ Ta)e #ote that the stateme#t s #ot a# admsso# "or the$t#ess merely oerheard the stateme#t+


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Res estae

Statement ma%e a# part of t!e re# ge#tae a%mi##ible e'en if ma%e ele'en !our# after t!einci%ent/ pro'i%e% t!e %eclarant &a# #till un%er t!e influence of t!e #tartling e'ent. arate '.People/ Bul, 2009.

Rule %2-. Judicial ;otice

Court of >ppeal# erre% in ta(ing *u%icial notice of t!e allege% practice of pro#pecti'e le##ee# int!e +aclaran area to pa, goo%&ill mone, to t!e le##or. Reuirement of notoriet, not met. Sp#.atip '. C!ua/ 1 ctober 2009.

Court# cannot ta(e *u%icial notice of foreign la&#. ence t!e, mu#t be allege% an% pro'e%. opro'e a foreign la&/ t!e part, in'o(ing it mu#t pre#ent a cop, t!ereof an% compl, &it! Section#24 an% 2< of Rule 12 on proof of official recor%. >C3 'er#ea# Corp. '. ?c!in/ 11 ctober 2010. 3t i# #ubmitte% t!at foreign la& ma, al#o be pro'e% un%er Section# 4< an% 4 of Rule10 a# &ell a# b, an e"pert &itne##.

Rule %32. Presentation of vidence

e#timon, of &itne## &!o %ie% before cro##-e"amination #!oul% be e"punge% if t!ere i# no#!o&ing of %ela, b, part, &aiting to cro##. Sp#. 7ela CruJ '. Papa/ 8 7ecember 2010/ >ba%/B.

>n improperl, notariJe% %ee% of #ale i# not a public %ocument &!ic! carrie# t!e pre#umption of %ue e"ecution an% aut!enticit,. ence t!e e'i%entiar, #tan%ar% to pro'e forger, i# merel,prepon%erance of e'i%ence/ not clear an% con'incing e'i%ence. !e allege% #eller5# te#timon,t!at !i# #ignature &a# forge% ta(en &it! t!e te#timon, of t!e bu,er t!at !e %i% not #ee t!e #eller #ign an% t!at !e %i% not ac(no&le%ge t!e %ocument before t!e notar, public &a# #ufficient to

pro'e forger, e'en &it!out pre#enting a !an%&riting e"pert. 7ela Rama '. Papa/ 0 Banuar,2009.

@!ere t!e ac(no&le%gment b, t!e notar, public %oe# not in%icate t!e per#on &!o appeare%before !im/ a# &!ere t!e blan( for t!e name of t!e per#on i# not fille% in/ t!e ac(no&le%gment i#%efecti'e !ence t!e %ocument i# not a public %ocument. 7,coco '. ;rafilo/ 0 Bul, 2010.

ffer ' 5)ection

Mere i%entification of %ocument# an% t!e mar(ing t!ereof a# e"!ibit# %oe# not confer an,e'i%entiar, &eig!t on t!e %ocument# unle## t!e#e are formall, offere%. eir# of CruJ-amora '.Multi&oo% 3nter. 3nc./ 19 Ban 09.

en%er of e"clu%e% e'i%ence applie# to t!e #ituation &!ere e'i%ence &a# fir#t offere% an% t!enrefu#e% a%mi##ion/ not to a ca#e &!ere an application for i##uance of #ubpoena &a# %enie%.No pri'ilege in content# of in#urance life policie# an% application#. u '. C>/ ;.R. 1<411</ 29No' 0<.

D;A vidence


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@!ile t!e accu#e%5# 7N> profile &a# not in t!e 'aginal #mear/ t!e 7N> re#ult &a# notconclu#i'e #ince t!e #pecimen &a# contaminate% or #taine%/ !a'ing un%ergone a #erologicalanal,#i#. People '. Pa#cual/ 19 Banuar, 2009.

-oo-

>ll rig!t# re#er'e%/ 2012.

Reme%ial a& Buri#pru%ence 2012 for ?MRR S+H3N;SN 4;+


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Remedial Law Jurisprudence 2011