Remaking Radicalism

A GRASSROOTS DOCUMENTARY READER OF THE UNITED STATES,

1973–2001

Edited by Dan Berger and Emily K. Hobson

The University of Georgia PressATHENS

© 2020 by the University of Georgia PressAthens, Georgia 30602www.ugapress.orgAll rights reservedSet in 8.75/12 Stone Serif ITC Pro Medium by Kaelin Chappell Broaddus

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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Names: Berger, Dan, editor. | Hobson, Emily K., 1975– editor.Title: Remaking radicalism : a grassroots documentary reader

of the United States, 1973–2001 / edited by Dan Berger and Emily K. Hobson.

Description: Athens : 3e University of Georgia Press, 2020. | Series: Since 1970: histories of contemporary America | Includes bibliographical references and index.

Identi4ers: lccn 2020028111 (print) | lccn 2020028112 (ebook) | isbn 9780820357263 (hardback) | isbn 9780820357256 (paperback) | isbn 9780820357270 (ebook)

Subjects: lcsh: Radicalism—United States—History. | Right and left (Political science) | Social movements—United States.

Classi4cation: lcc hn90.r3 r466 2020 (print) | lcc hn90.r3 (ebook) | ddc 303.48/4—dc23

lc record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2020028111lc ebook record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2020028112

CONTENTS

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS xv ACKNOWLEDGMENTS xvii

INTRODUCTION Usable Pasts and the Persistence of Radicalism 1

Part 1: Bodies and Lives 23

SECTION A. FEMINIST AND QUEER FLASHPOINTS

1.A.1. Combahee River Collective, “A Black Feminist Statement” (1977) 271.A.2. Iris Morales, “Sterilized Puerto Ricans” (1970) 321.A.3. United Front, “Forward Macho” (1973) 341.A.4a. The Feminist, “Racist Sexism in the Trial” (1974) 351.A.4b. The Feminist, “We Need the Power to Defend Ourselves!” (1975) 371.A.5. Yvonne Swan, witness statement (1976) 371.A.6. Lavender and Red Union, “Gay Liberation/Socialist Revolution”

(1976) 401.A.7. Robin McDu!, Deanne Pernell, and Karen Saunders,

“An Open Letter to the Antirape Movement” (1977) 411.A.8. Daniel Tsang, “Third World Lesbians and Gays Meet” (1980) 441.A.9. Joseph Beam, “Caring for Each Other” (1986) 461.A.10. AIDS Action Pledge, “AIDS Action Pledge” (1987) 471.A.11. Vito Russo, “Why We Fight” (1988) 491.A.12. ACT UP/Golden Gate, “Say It!! Women Get AIDS” (1991) 541.A.13. Transgender Nation, letter to the editor (1992) 571.A.14. Call O! Your Old Tired Ethics, brochure (1993) 571.A.15. Critical Resistance and INCITE! Women of Color against

Violence, “Gender Violence and the Prison-Industrial Complex” (2001) 61

SNAPSHOTS: A Brief History of SisterSong (Loretta J. Ross) 30 Video Activism, AIDS, and New Queer Cinema (Jih-Fei Cheng) 52 The Formation of Queers for Economic Justice

(Joseph Nicholas DeFilippis) 59

SECTION B. FIGHTING THE RIGHT

1.B.1. Ellen Sha!er, “Bakke: Fighting and Winning Together” (1977) 651.B.2. John Brown Anti-Klan Committee, “Principles of Unity” and

“National Program” in The Dividing Line of the 80s: Take a Stand against the Klan (1979) 69

1.B.3. National Anti-Klan Network, “Call for February 2nd Mobilization, Greensboro, North Carolina” (1980) 72

1.B.4. Tede Matthews, “Speech at Anti–Moral Majority Demonstration” (1984) 73

1.B.5. Feminist Anti-Censorship Taskforce, “Feminism and Censorship: Strange Bedfellows?” (1985) 75

1.B.6. WHAM!, No Choice, No Liberty (1991) 781.B.7. Washington Area Clinic Defense Task Force, “Goals and

Guidelines” (1990s) 821.B.8. Anti-Racist Action, “Points of Unity” (1990s) 831.B.9. “African American Women in Defense of Ourselves” (1991) 851.B.10. Marcy Westerling, “Rallying against the Right: A Case Study in

Rural Organizing” (1992) 861.B.11. Korean Immigrant Workers Advocates, editorial (1996) 911.B.12. Kiwi Collective, “Race and Sex: Who’s Panicking?” (2000) 92

SNAPSHOTS: NC Senate Vote ’90 (Isabell Moore) 81 The Northwest Coalition against Malicious Harassment/

Coalition for Human Dignity (Vernon Damani Johnson) 89

SECTION C. LABORS OF SURVIVAL

1.C.1. Las Vegas National Welfare Rights Organization, “Attention, Sisters” (1971) 96

1.C.2. White Lightning, “Drug Plague—a Revolutionary Solution” (1973) 97

1.C.3. Great Lakes Steal, “Women at Great Lakes Steel” (1973) 991.C.4. Women’s Brigade of the Weather Underground,

“Message from Sisters Who Bombed HEW for International Women’s Day” (1974) 101

1.C.5. Coretta Scott King, statement to House Subcommittee on Equal Opportunity and Full Employment (1975) 104

1.C.6. Auto Workers United to Fight in ’76, “Letter from Rich O! Our Backs July 4 Coalition” (1976) 107

1.C.7. Victoria Frankovich, “Frankovich Reflects on Our Past— and the Evolution to Today” (1986) 111

1.C.8. September Alliance for Accessible Transit, “Why Are We Here?” (1987) 114

1.C.9. John Mehring, “Union’s AIDS Education Committee Helps Health Care Workers, Patients” (1987) 116

1.C.10. Marian Kramer, “Remarks on the National Welfare Rights Union” (1993) 119

1.C.11. Milwaukee Welfare Warriors, “Apologies Don’t Help” (1996) 1231.C.12. Mary Beth Maxwell, interview on Jobs with Justice (2013) 1241.C.13. Tyree Scott, “Whose Movement Is It Anyway?” (1997) 127

SNAPSHOTS: The Watsonville Cannery Strike, 1985–1987 (Patricia Zavella) 109 The Disability Rights Movement in the 1970s

(Paul K. Longmore) 115 Defending Welfare Rights in the 1990s (Marisa Chappell) 121

Part 2: Walls and Gates 131

SECTION A. RESISTING REPRESSION

2.A.1. Lynn Cooper, Elliot Currie, Jon Frappier, Tony Platt, Betty Ryan, Richard Schau"er, Joy Scruggs, and Larry Trujillo, The Iron Fist and the Velvet Glove: An Analysis of US Police (1975) 135

2.A.2. Lesbians against Police Violence, interview with Barbara Lubinski (1979) 138

2.A.3. Leonard Peltier, “Convicted for Being Chippewa and Sioux Blood” (1977) 141

2.A.4. National Coalition for Redress/Reparations, postconference brochure (1980) 143

2.A.5. James J. Zogby, “Senate Subcommittee on Security and Terrorism: A Threat to Arab Americans?” (1981) 145

2.A.6. Michael Zinzun, “Zinzun on Police Abuse” (1983) 1472.A.7. Red Guerrilla Resistance, communiqué on the bombing of

the Police Benevolent Association (1985) 1502.A.8. Terry Bisson, “RSVP to the FBI” (1985) 1532.A.9. “Draw the Line” advertisement (1985) 1552.A.10. Brian Glick, War at Home: Covert Action against US Activists and

What We Can Do about It (1989) 1562.A.11. Labor/Community Strategy Center, A Call to Reject the

Federal Weed and Seed Program (1992) 1592.A.12. Love and Rage Revolutionary Anarchist Federation,

“Copwatch: Keeping an Eye on the Cops” (1995) 1632.A.13. Herman Bell et al., “An Appeal from US Political Prisoners/

POWs: Mobilize to Save Mumia Abu-Jamal!” (1999) 164

SNAPSHOTS: The National Alliance against Racist and Political Repression (Keona K. Ervin) 140

New York City Coalition against Police Brutality, 1996–2000s (Lumumba Akinwole-Bandele and Joo-Hyun Kang) 161

SECTION B. UNDERMINING THE PRISON STATE

2.B.1. The Red Family, “War behind Walls” (1971) 1662.B.2. o! our backs, “How Many Lives?” (1971) 1682.B.3. North Carolina Prisoners’ Labor Union, “Goals of the North

Carolina Prisoners’ Labor Union” (1974) 1702.B.4. National Council on Crime and Delinquency/Unitarian

Universalist Service Committee, National Moratorium on Prison Construction flyer (1976) 174

2.B.5. George Jackson Brigade, communiqué on the bombing of the Washington Department of Corrections (1975) 177

2.B.6. Sundiata Acoli, “Prison Struggles and Human Rights” (1978) 1802.B.7a. Black Liberation Army Coordinating Committee, special

communiqué on the freeing of sister Assata Shakur (1979) 1822.B.7b. Assata Shakur, “Statement from Assata Shakur” (1979) 1822.B.8. “Letter from North American Political Prisoners” (1986) 1852.B.9. Rafael Cancel Miranda, speech to stop the Florence Control

Unit (1990) 1862.B.10. Laura Whitehorn, “Collectively Asserting Life over Death

Creates Power!” (1993) 1902.B.11. Bill Dunne, “Crack in the Federal Scheme: The October

Rebellion of 1995” (2000) 1922.B.12. Safiya Bukhari, “Q&A on Jericho 98” (1998) 1952.B.13. California Coalition for Women Prisoners, “Critical Resistance:

Expanding Our Vision of What Is Possible” (1998) 1982.B.14. Brigette Sarabi, “Building the Prison Reform Movement” (2000) 202

SNAPSHOTS: Southern Coalition on Jails and Prisons, 1974–1990 (Lydia Pelot-Hobbs) 173

Out of Control: Lesbian Committee to Support Women Political Prisoners, 1987–2009 (Brooke Lober) 188

California Prison Moratorium Project, 1998–2018 (Craig Gilmore) 200

SECTION C. FIGHT FOR THE CITY, FREE THE LAND

2.C.1. Yellow Seeds, “Unite to Fight for Democratic Rights” (1975) 2052.C.2. Chester Hartman, “The Struggle for the I-Hotel: What We Won,

What We Lost, What We Learned” (1977) 2072.C.3. James Yaki Sayles, “War for the Cities” (1978) 2112.C.4. Association of Community Organizations for Reform Now,

“People’s Platform” (1978) 2142.C.5. Willie Baptist, “Five Main Slogans: Lessons from the History of

the National Union of the Homeless” (1993) 2172.C.6. James Boggs, “Rebuilding Detroit: An Alternative to Casino

Gambling” (1988) 220

2.C.7. Crips and Bloods, “Plan for the Reconstruction of Los Angeles: Give Us the Hammer and the Nails, We Will Rebuild the City” (1992) 223

2.C.8. Eric Mann, A New Vision for Urban Transportation (1996) 2272.C.9. Elizabeth Betita Martinez, “Be Down with the Brown!” (1996) 2312.C.10. CopWatch Atlanta, “Atlanta ’96: No Room at the Inn but

Plenty of Room at the Jail” (1996) 2342.C.11. Queer to the Left, “Housing Is a Queer Issue” (2002) 236

SNAPSHOTS: The Puerto Rican Cultural Center and Its Work Fighting Gentrification, 1973–2000s (Michael Rodríguez-Muñiz) 210

Black-Led Urban Agriculture since the 1960s (Jessi Quizar) 222 Student Liberation Action Movement, 1995–2004

(Suzy Subways) 230

Part 3: Borders and Maps 239

SECTION A. ANTI-IMPERIALISM BEYOND VIETNAM

3.A.1. Association of Arab-American University Graduates, “Statement Adopted at the AAUG Sixth Annual Convention” (1973) 243

3.A.2. Fuerzas Armadas de Liberación Nacional, “Communiqué No. 1” (1974) 245

3.A.3. US Out of Korea Committee, “When People Here Are Hungry, Should Your Dollars Go for War and Dictatorship in South Korea?” (1977) 247

3.A.4. International Indian Treaty Council, “Decolonization, Liberation, and the International Community” (1977) 249

3.A.5. National Resistance Committee, “Resistance Statements” (1980) 2503.A.6. Women’s Pentagon Action, “Unity Statement” (1980) 2533.A.7. Armed Resistance Unit, “Communiqué from the Armed

Resistance Unit, April 26, 1983” (1983) 2573.A.8. Palestine Human Rights Campaign, “No Vietnams in Central

America or the Middle East” (1984) 2593.A.9. Lesbians and Gays Against Intervention, “Principles of Unity”

(1983) 2623.A.10. Marisa Pruitt, “Victoria Mercado Brigade” (1985) 2653.A.11. Committee in Solidarity with the People of El Salvador,

“Convention Decisions” (1985) 2673.A.12. Witness for Peace, brochure (1985) 2703.A.13. Pledge of Resistance, “The Pledge of Resistance: A Growing,

Nonviolent Movement for Peace in Central America” (1986) 2743.A.14. Rio Grande Defense Committee, statement regarding US policy

in Central America and description of the Border Witness Program (1991) 276

SNAPSHOTS: Draft Resistance, 1979–1985 (Matt Meyer) 252 The Chilean Solidarity Movement (Tamara Lea Spira) 261 The 1980s Sanctuary Movement (Norma Stoltz Chinchilla) 272

SECTION B. FROM ANTI-IMPERIALISM TO GLOBAL JUSTICE

3.B.1. African Liberation Day Coalition. “Fight Imperialism and National Oppression from the USA to the USA” (1977) 279

3.B.2. Bay Area Free South Africa Movement, “Statement of Purpose” (1985) 282

3.B.3. Africa Fund, “National Weeks of Anti-Apartheid Action Spark Spring Campus Upsurge” (1986) 285

3.B.4. Justice for Janitors, “What Is Justice for Janitors?” (1990) 2903.B.5. Lillian Galedo, “No One Is ‘Illegal’” (1994) 2913.B.6. Nora Rosenberg, “The Sweat-Free Campus Campaign” (1998) 2943.B.7. Jessica Roach, “Strawberry Workers Fight to Organize” (1998) 2963.B.8a. Stephanie Guilloud, “Why Come to Seattle?” (1999) 2993.B.8b. Direct Action Network, “Globalize Liberation, Not Corporate

Power: A Call to Action” (1999) 2993.B.9. D2KLA, “Direct Action: Challenge the Republican and

Democratic Parties This Summer in Philadelphia and Los Angeles” (2000) 303

3.B.10. Catalyst Project, “Tools for Antiracist Organizing” (2002) 3053.B.11. Farm Labor Organizing Committee, “Campaign for Legalization

of Undocumented Immigrants Winning Support” (2001) 3073.B.12. Coalition for Immokalee Workers, “Consciousness +

Commitment = Change” (2003) 309

SNAPSHOTS: Student Activism against Apartheid in the United States (Amanda Joyce Hall) 284

Asian Immigrant Women Advocates’ Garment Workers Justice Campaign (Stacy Kono) 292

The Road to Seattle: Global Justice in the 1990s (Chris Dixon) 301

SECTION C. NOT IN OUR NAME

3.C.1. Confederation of Iranian Students, “Condemn Shah’s US Visit; Free One Hundred Thousand Political Prisoners in Iran” (1977) 313

3.C.2. Palestine Solidarity Committee, letter to supporters (1980) 3153.C.3. No More Witch Hunts, “No More Witch Hunts: A Day of

Resistance” (1981) 3173.C.4. New Jewish Agenda, “New Jewish Agenda National Platform”

(1982) 3193.C.5. Joseph Gerson, introduction to The Deadly Connection (1986) 3223.C.6. Rachelle Marshall, “From Israel to America: The Women in

Black” (1990) 325

3.C.7. Out Now, War Watch special report (1991) 3273.C.8. Roots Against War, “Queers Get RAW!” (1991) 3293.C.9. Angela Davis, “Keynote Speech Delivered at CAAAV’s Fifteenth

Anniversary Fundraiser in New York City” (2001) 3313.C.10. Purvi Shah, Sakhi for South Asian Women, “The Rain of

Sorrows” (2001) 3343.C.11. Not in Our Name, “Pledge of Resistance” (2002) 3383.C.12. Retort, “Neither Their War nor Their Peace” (2003) 340

SNAPSHOTS: Arab American Queer Activism (Umayyah Cable) 321 Desis Rising Up and Moving, 2000–Present

(Simmy Makhijani) 336

Part 4: Utopias and Dystopias 345

SECTION A. STOPPING THE END OF THE WORLD

4.A.1a. Coalition for Direct Action at Seabrook/Clamshell Alliance, Occupation/Blockade Handbook (1980) 349

4.A.1b. Blockade the Bombmakers, Civil Disobedience Campaign Handbook (1982) 351

4.A.1c. Livermore Action Group, Livermore Weapons Lab Blockade/Demonstration Handbook (1982) 355

4.A.1d. Unconventional Action, Unconventional Action Guidebook (1996) 3574.A.2a. Clamshell Alliance, “We Can Stop the Seabrook Power Plant”

(1977) 3594.A.2b Clamshell Alliance, “Declaration of Nuclear Resistance” (1977) 3604.A.3. Clams for Democracy, flyer (1978) 3614.A.4. Bruce Kokopeli and George Lakey, Leadership for Change:

Toward a Feminist Model (1978) 3634.A.5. C. T. Butler and Keith McHenry, “Why Food Not Bombs?”

(1992) 3644.A.6. Black Hills Alliance, Black Hills Alliance position paper (1980) 3694.A.7. Southwest Organizing Project and others, open letter to the

National Wildlife Federation (1990) 3704.A.8. First National People of Color Environmental Leadership

Summit, “Principles of Environmental Justice” (1991) 3734.A.9. Indigenous Antinuclear Summit, declaration (1996) 3764.A.10. Laotian Organizing Project, Fighting Fire with Fire: Lessons from

the Laotian Organizing Project’s First Campaign (2001) 3804.A.11. Dave Foreman, Ecodefense: A Field Guide to Monkeywrenching

(1985) 3824.A.12. Judi Bari, “The Feminization of Earth First!” (1992) 3854.A.13. George Katsiaficas and Paul Messersmith-Glavin, Why Wall

Street? The Case for Green Direct Action (1990) 388

4.A.14. Rod Coronado, “ ‘Spread Your Love through Action’: An Open Letter from Rod Coronado” (1995) 391

4.A.15a. Earth Liberation Front, “Frequently Asked Questions” (1990s) 3934.A.15b. Earth Liberation Front, “Beltane, 1997” (1997) 395

SNAPSHOTS: The Rebellious Possibility of the MOVE Organization (ethan ucker) 367

Nevada Test Site Resistance (Bob Fulkerson) 375 UPROSE and Environmental Justice in New York City

(Julie Sze and Elizabeth Yeampierre) 378

SECTION B. LEFT VISIONS IN TRANSITION

4.B.1. John Trudell, “We Are Power” (1980) 3974.B.2. Center for Third World Organizing, “Voter Registration:

Will It Build the Power of Low-Income People, or Deliver Them to the Democratic Party?” (1983) 400

4.B.3. Youth Greens, “Summary of Youth Green May Gathering” (1989) 403

4.B.4. Prairie Fire Organizing Committee, “Crisis in Socialism: The Discreet Charm of the Bourgeoisie” (1990) 406

4.B.5. Joel Olson, “Why the Masses Ain’t Asses” (1993) 4094.B.6. Mab Segrest, “A Bridge, Not a Wedge” (1993) 4114.B.7. Blue Mountain Working Group, “A Call to Defend Democracy

and Pluralism” (1994) 4164.B.8. Love and Rage Revolutionary Anarchist Federation, “What

Kind of Revolutionary Organization Is Useful Today?” (1995) 4194.B.9. Labor Party, “A Call to Economic Justice” (1996) 4224.B.10. Black Radical Congress, “A Black Freedom Agenda for the

Twenty-First Century” (1998) 4264.B.11. Gary Delgado, “The Last Stop Sign” (1998) 4314.B.12. Andrew Boyd, “Truth Is a Virus : Meme Warfare and the

Billionaires for Bush (or Gore)” (2002) 4334.B.13. West Palm Beach Radical Cheerleaders, “Rebel” (1998) 437

SNAPSHOTS: Anarchist Gatherings, 1986–1998 (Lesley Wood) 405 South End Press, 1977–2014 (Alexander Dwinell) 414 Black Student and Youth Activism in the 1990s and 2000s

(Sekou M. Franklin) 429

SECTION C. LAND, DECOLONIZATION, AND INTERDEPENDENCE

4.C.1. Akwesasne Notes, Voices from Wounded Knee (1973) 4384.C.2. “We Will Remember” Survival School, pamphlet (1974) 4404.C.3 Native American Rights Fund/National Indian Law Library,

“The Declaration of Indian Independence” (1975) 443

4.C.4. Michael Figures, “Opening Address—Minority Landowners Conference” (1976) 445

4.C.5. Governing Board of the National Council of the Churches of Christ, Rural Crisis: A Call for Justice and Action (1983) 447

4.C.6. Akinyele Umoja, “Why We Say ‘Free the Land’” (1984) 4494.C.7. Hawai’i Ecumenical Coalition on Tourism, “The 1989 Hawai’i

Declaration of the Hawai’i Ecumenical Coalition on Tourism” (1989) 452

4.C.8. Winona LaDuke, “We Are Still Here: The Five Hundred Years Celebration” (1991) 455

4.C.9. League of Indigenous Sovereign Nations of the Western Hemisphere, “Draft Declaration of Principles” (1991) 458

4.C.10. Bernice Lalo, “Sovereignty: A Western Shoshone Perspective” (1994) 460

4.C.11. Ashanti Alston, “Beyond Nationalism but Not without It” (2001) 463

4.C.12. Kay Whitlock, In the Time of Broken Bones (2001) 466

SNAPSHOTS: International Tribunals for Self-Determination, 1990–1993 (Luis Alejandro Molina) 451

Taku Wakan Tipi/Minnehaha Free State, 1998–2001 (Grace Handy) 462

BIBLIOGRAPHY 469

DOCUMENT SOURCES AND PERMISSIONS 481

CONTRIBUTORS 493

INDEX OF NAMES AND ORGANIZATIONS 497

ILLUSTRATIONS

FIGURE 1.1. “Clean Needles Save Lives/Needle Exchange Now!” 56FIGURE 1.2. “Break the Silence: Stop Hyde in ’79” 68FIGURE 1.3. “Stop the Fascist Dirtheads” 84FIGURE 1.4. “The Women of the World Are Serving Notice!” 104FIGURE 1.5. “Solidarity Day” 126FIGURE 2.1. “Build a Wall of Resistance—Don’t Talk to the FBI” 153FIGURE 2.2. “STOP the Olympic Prison” 176FIGURE 2.3. “Too Soon for Sorry” 198FIGURE 2.4. “Where Will They Go?” 206FIGURE 2.5. “Homeless!” 219FIGURE 3.1. “Chile: 11 de Septiembre 73” 246FIGURE 3.2. “¡Si Nicaragua Venció, El Salvador Vencerá!” 256FIGURE 3.3. “End Apartheid” 289FIGURE 3.4. “FRaid Anti-Immigrant Border Spray” 308FIGURE 3.5. “Fight My War/Follow the Leader/Finance My Debt” 339FIGURE 4.1. “This Is Where the 90s Begin: Redwood Summer” 372FIGURE 4.2. “The Why Cheap Art Manifesto” 402FIGURE 4.3. “Anatomy of a Neoliberal” 421FIGURE 4.4. “Abolish Columbus Day” 457FIGURE 4.5. “Third World Is Your World” 465