Religious words

A Religious words are now often used in everyday English without a religious meaning. Look at these example below.

Sarah felt that an

angel from heaven

was helping her.

To my uncle, my cousin was a little angel.

While in our daily speaking, it can refer to a person who is very kind or you are very grateful to. When it is used to describe a child, it means the child behaves well.

In religious books, an angel refers to a messenger and servant of God, usually represented as a person with wings and dressed in white.

angel

The Bible talks about the devil as the source of evil in the world.

I was a naughty child--- a real little devil!

devil

　　 In the religious term, it

means the most powerful evil

spirit.　　 While in our daily

conversation, it refers to a

person who behaves badly.

Christians believe

that doing good

things will save their

souls.

Listening to

beautiful music is

good for the soul.

　　 In the religious term, it means the sprit inside one’s body, or the part of a person that is not the body. The soul is believed not to die even if the body is dead.　　 While in our daily conversation, it refers to a kind of human feeling which helps us recognize, create and enjoy the work of art.

soul

B Use the words highlighted in the sentences above to complete the information about how to use these words.

　　 The ______is the spirit inside someone’s body. It can suffer if it is in a bad person, but we also use it to talk about our mood and feelings in general. The word ______ means a messenger or helper from God, but it is also used to describe a sweet or very good person. The _____ is the opposite of goodness and represents evil. We can use the word to describe a naughty child.

soul

angel

devil

Grammar ＆ usage

Analysis of complicated sentences

•1.The simple sentence:

•2.The compound sentence:•3.The complex sentence:

•4.The complex- compound sentence:

Analysis of complicated sentences

•1.The simple sentence:

subject + predicate

•2.The compound sentence:

subject + predicate + and/ but/ or /for + subject + predicate

Analysis of complicated sentences

•3.The complex sentence:

Main clause + subordinate clause

•4.The complex- compound sentence:

The simple sentence + and /but/or + the complex sentence

Long simple senteces

•Islam was started about 1,400 years ago by a man called Muhanmmad.

•In other words, its meaning can be completely different from the meanings of its components.

Compound sentences

•There are many idioms used in English and quite a few of them come from the Bible.

They are usually linked by coordinators

such as and, or and but. Each clause can

stand on its own.

Compound sentences

•I like thrillers and I like action movies ，too.•I like action movies but I don't like thrillers.•Hurry up or you'll be late.

Complex sentences

•Unless you recognize when an idiom is being used, you can easily misunderstand the meaning of a sentence.

•An idiom is a group of words or an expression whose meaning often cannot be understood by looking at the meanings of the separate words in it.

•复合句： （一）名词性从句 （二）定语从句 （三）状语从句

• 复合句： （一）名词性从句 •1. 主语从句 That she was able to come made us very happy. •2. 宾语从句She said that she was very glad. •3. 表语从句 The question is who can complete the difficult task. •4. 同位语从句The news that our team has won the match is true.

• 复合句： （二）定语从句

定语从句中的所有关系词不但有具体意义而且都在从句中担当一定的成分。•关系代词： who, whom, whose, which, that 等。•关系副词： when, where, why 等。 在定语从句中，关系副词 = 介词+which

e.g.

(L17)There was a king who saw…dream.

(L28)It comes from a story…,where a

son...

(L8) The Bible was written…, both of

which…

The problem with which we are now faced

is that there are not enough desks in the

classroom.

• 复合句： （三）状语从句 • 1. 时间状语从句 • 2. 原因状语从句 • 3. 地点状语从句 • 4. 条件状语从句 • 5. 结果状语从句 • 6. 让步状语从句 • 7. 目的状语从句 • 8. 方式状语从句 • 9. 比较状语从句

1 、时间状语从句由 as, while, when, before, after, as soon as

whenever, every/each time 等引导 .

• 复合句： （三）状语从句

•We can leave when you are ready.•After she packed up her things, Mary went to book her ticket.

2. 原因状语从句 由 because, as, since 或复合连词 now

that, in that 等引导• He is absent today because he is ill.

3. 地点状语从句 :

由 where, wherever 引导。• Where there is a will, there is a way.

4. 条件状语从句 由 if, as (so) long as, unless 引导。• As long as I live, I shall work hard.

5. 目的状语从句 由 so that, in order that, in case 等引导。• They started early so that they might

arrive in time.

六、 结果状语从句 由 so that, so …that, such …that 引导。• The box is so heavy that nobody can

move it.七、让步状语从句 由 though, even though, however, no

matter how/what/who 等引导。• Although it rained heavily, they kept on

working.

八、比较状语从句 由 than, the more…the more, as…as… 引

导。• I know you better than he does.

九、方式状语从句 由 in the same way, as 等引导。• You may do as you please.

Complex- compound sentences

•People who follow this religion study Buddhist sutras and they follow the teachings of Buddha.

Summarythe simple sentence subject + predicate

the compound sentence

subject + predicate +and/or/but+ subject + predicate

the complex sentence

main clause + subordinate clause

the complex- compound sentence

the simple sentence+ and/or/but+ the complex sentence

Answers to part A on page 57

1. c 2. a 3.d 4. c 5.c 6.c 7.b

BCombine the sentences to form one complicated sentences, using words in brackets to help you.

1. One English proverb is ‘the early bird catches the worm’.This proverb is frequently used to talk about hard work being the key to success. (which)

One English proverb is ‘the early bird catches the worm’, which is frequently used to talk about hard work being the key to success.

2.The proverb’ great minds think alike, but fools seldom difer’ is very famous. This proverb is usually shortened to ‘grat minds think alike’. (although)

The proverb’ great minds think alike, but fools seldom difer’ is very famous although it is usually shortened to ‘grat minds think alike’.

3.The proverb ‘don’t count your chickens until they are hatched’ means ‘don’t cout on something going well until it happens’. This proverb is very popular. (and)

The proverb ‘don’t count your chickens until they are hatched’ means ‘don’t cout on something going well until it happens’ and this proverb is very popular.

4. The proverb ‘make hay while the sun shines’ is very old. It comes from the old days. In those days, people all worked on farms. (and, when)

The proverb ‘make hay while the sun shines’ is very old and it comes from the old days when people all worked on farms. (and, when)