RELIGION RELIGION (by Drs.(by Drs. Barnabas Ratuwalu Barnabas Ratuwalu , MA) , MA) 0. INTRODUCTION0. INTRODUCTION

• Religion, it is not merely a knowledge, an idea Religion, it is not merely a knowledge, an idea nor a science. Religion, it is nor a science. Religion, it is an experience of lifean experience of life. . It is a kind of It is a kind of internalization internalization of of the realities the realities and and come up then in the form of come up then in the form of actualizatioactualization. n.

• The question is, what are the realities? Let’s get The question is, what are the realities? Let’s get an overlook. Life come out for one side in an overlook. Life come out for one side in dichotomy. For instance, day-night, male-female, dichotomy. For instance, day-night, male-female, good-bad, birth-dead, etc. But a concomitant good-bad, birth-dead, etc. But a concomitant comes out. Things go naturally. The wind blows, comes out. Things go naturally. The wind blows, the sun rises – shining and goes down. The other the sun rises – shining and goes down. The other side features such as bomb explodes, the side features such as bomb explodes, the volcano erupted, the earthquake, the flood. volcano erupted, the earthquake, the flood. Modern life is proving both advantage and bane. Modern life is proving both advantage and bane. The realities propose both imperfect feature and The realities propose both imperfect feature and complementary. one. complementary. one.

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The real need of human The real need of human beingbeing

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• Actually it should be always an effort to Actually it should be always an effort to fulfill “the emptiness”, “deficiency” or fulfill “the emptiness”, “deficiency” or “shortage”“shortage”

• The human needs such asThe human needs such as - Physically : we are hungry and we are - Physically : we are hungry and we are

going to eat, we should drink if we are going to eat, we should drink if we are thirsty, etc.thirsty, etc.

- Psychical : we have a dream, an ideal the - Psychical : we have a dream, an ideal the ambition for the future; we need to relax, ambition for the future; we need to relax, recreation, etc.recreation, etc.

- spiritually : we need sharing, we need - spiritually : we need sharing, we need alive, breathing, we need happiness, we alive, breathing, we need happiness, we need the Principle of beings.need the Principle of beings.

A live existence comes such as A live existence comes such as two surfaces of the coin two surfaces of the coin

• In one side we are to be on the best service of In one side we are to be on the best service of the other, at the same time we acknowledge the other, at the same time we acknowledge ourselves as being the best for otherourselves as being the best for other

• This is the basic identity of an alive existence.This is the basic identity of an alive existence.• The inner most root is we are (all the living) to The inner most root is we are (all the living) to

participate in an unshared sharer. participate in an unshared sharer. • In this way each religion realizes itself rightlyIn this way each religion realizes itself rightly

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Part OnePart OneRELIGION IN THE ENLIGHTENMENTRELIGION IN THE ENLIGHTENMENT

1.1. Religion Term and MeaningReligion Term and Meaning2.2. An interpretation of Contemporary An interpretation of Contemporary

Religion and Modern Sciences Religion and Modern Sciences 3.3. Science, Religion, and the FutureScience, Religion, and the Future4.4. On the Nature of ReligionOn the Nature of Religion5.5. Religion and ReligiosityReligion and Religiosity6.6. Chaos Theory and Divine ActionChaos Theory and Divine Action7.7. Direct Reciprocity: Direct Reciprocity: Spirit –> Formula –> Action Spirit –> Formula –> Action

and Action –> Formula –> Spiritand Action –> Formula –> Spirit

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Part Two Part Two NEW PROFESIONALISM IN THE NEW PROFESIONALISM IN THE ENLIGHTENMENT ENLIGHTENMENT OF RELIGIONOF RELIGION1.1. Religious Perspective on Morality and Religious Perspective on Morality and

Human EvolutionHuman Evolution2.2. Term on Altruism, Cooperation, and Term on Altruism, Cooperation, and

CommitmentCommitment3.3. The Religious framework for the Profound The Religious framework for the Profound

TruthTruth4.4. The Salient Resources in the Religious The Salient Resources in the Religious

Framework Framework 5.5. Term on Self-Investing Behaviors in the Term on Self-Investing Behaviors in the

Enlightenment of ReligiosityEnlightenment of Religiosity

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6. Term of “The way things really are”6. Term of “The way things really are”

7.7. Personality in a daily religious journal Personality in a daily religious journal

8.8. Religion as a way of communicating Religion as a way of communicating commitmentcommitment

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Part ThreePart ThreeALTERNATIVES ON RELIGIOSITYALTERNATIVES ON RELIGIOSITY

1.1. The History of ReligionsThe History of Religions2.2. The term of Rightness and wrongnessThe term of Rightness and wrongness3.3. The Principle of goodness and badness The Principle of goodness and badness 4.4. Term on Sin and ForgivenessTerm on Sin and Forgiveness5. A way to prevent the youth naughtiness in the light of 5. A way to prevent the youth naughtiness in the light of

religionreligion6. A way to limit the domestic violence in the light of 6. A way to limit the domestic violence in the light of

religionreligion7. Term of Fraternity & solidarity 7. Term of Fraternity & solidarity 8. 8. Term of Marriage in the vision of my religionTerm of Marriage in the vision of my religion9. 9. Religious VirtuesReligious Virtues10.10. Secular community in the vision of Religiosity Secular community in the vision of Religiosity

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The ways to go !The ways to go !• Achieving the Best University by Achieving the Best University by

implementing the 2009 Theme:implementing the 2009 Theme:Be a student centered universityBe a student centered university

• Convert students from object to Convert students from object to become subject of education and become subject of education and related activitiesrelated activities

• Class presentation and discussionClass presentation and discussion

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Enlightening Points!!Enlightening Points!!

1.1. Please give your comment in short on your Please give your comment in short on your academic progress up till now! Point out the academic progress up till now! Point out the strengthen and the weakness of yours on the strengthen and the weakness of yours on the academic part. academic part.

2.2. Share one of your best experience and one of Share one of your best experience and one of your bad experience you ever got during the your bad experience you ever got during the life! Share how far did your religion (custom or life! Share how far did your religion (custom or belief) remind you for any experience you ever belief) remind you for any experience you ever got?got?

3.3. What is commitment? Do you need to have a What is commitment? Do you need to have a commitment for your self? Why? What is commitment for your self? Why? What is religious commitment?religious commitment?

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Pers.Character

Activities Relatives Daily/weekly

Individual project on Character building

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Anwar Ma'ruf/2007Anwar Ma'ruf/2007 1111

Background of StudyBackground of StudyJob Requirements Job Requirements

UNESCOUNESCO

CurriculumCurriculumNationalNational

CurriculumCurriculum

Knowledge & Knowledge & Competences & Competences & SkillSkill

Learning to knowLearning to know

Competencies & Competencies & scientific cores (MK scientific cores (MK Keilmuan & Keilmuan & Ketrampilan - MKK)Ketrampilan - MKK)

Learning to doLearning to doSkillfull cores – (MK Skillfull cores – (MK Keahlian BerkaryaKeahlian Berkarya

(MKB) (MKB)

Attitude & HabitAttitude & Habit Learning to beLearning to be

Profesional - MK Profesional - MK Perilaku BerkaryaPerilaku Berkarya

(MPB)(MPB)

Personality Personality Development - MK Development - MK Pengembangan Pengembangan Kepribadian (MPK)Kepribadian (MPK)

Job Des. Job Des. Recognizing Recognizing

Learning to live Learning to live togethertogether

Social and integrated - Social and integrated - MK Berkehidupan MK Berkehidupan Bermasyarakat (MBB)Bermasyarakat (MBB)

THE OBJECTIVES OF LEARNING RELIGIOUSITYTHE OBJECTIVES OF LEARNING RELIGIOUSITY

DEVELOPPING DEVELOPPING RELIGIOUSRELIGIOUSMIND SET MIND SET

SELF SELF CONFIDENCE CONFIDENCE AS UNIQUE AS UNIQUE

PERSONPERSON

COMMITMENT COMMITMENT ON ON

TRANSFORM TRANSFORM THE LIVESTHE LIVES

SOCIAL & SOCIAL & RELIGIOUS SKILL RELIGIOUS SKILL AND AND COMPETENCIESCOMPETENCIES

RELIGIOUS RELIGIOUS ORIENTEDORIENTED

CREATING A CREATING A LIFE IN OPEN LIFE IN OPEN MINDEDMINDED

GOOD AND GOOD AND SMART SMART PERSONPERSON

KOGNITIVE AFECTIVE

PSICOMOTORIC

HOLISTIC (COMPREHENSIVE

- INTEGRATED)

CONTENT OF RELIGION CLASSCONTENT OF RELIGION CLASS

SCIENTIFIC DOMAIN

SOCIAL & TRANSCULTURAL DOMAIN

PERSONAL DOMAIN

SMART & SMART & GOOD GOOD PERSONPERSON

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PRINCIPLES PARADIGM PRINCIPLES PARADIGM

1. EDUCATION ABOUT RELIGIOUS POINTS THINTHINMINIMUMMINIMUM

KNOWINGKNOWING RELIGION SCIENTIFICALLY

2. EDUCATION THROUGH RELIGIOUS POINTS MODERATEMODERATE

DOINGDOING RELIGIONSPIRITUALLY

3. EDUCATION FOR RELIGIOUS POINTS THICKTHICKMAXIMUMMAXIMUM

BUILDINGBUILDING RELIGIOUS

SOCIETY

Part OnePart OneRELIGION IN THE ENLIGHTENMENTRELIGION IN THE ENLIGHTENMENT

1.1. Religion Term and meaningReligion Term and meaning• Religion may in fact be system of symbols Religion may in fact be system of symbols

that establish people both individually and that establish people both individually and collective spiritually, and at the same collective spiritually, and at the same time make them seem realistic.time make them seem realistic.

• The theory simply states that people have The theory simply states that people have a propensity to fit into, and make use of, a propensity to fit into, and make use of, ongoing systems of symbols that function ongoing systems of symbols that function to establish certain motivations and to to establish certain motivations and to communicate these in credible ways with communicate these in credible ways with the supernatural force (s). the supernatural force (s).

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• Primitive Religion had come up such as Primitive Religion had come up such as the the systems of symbols traditionally. People systems of symbols traditionally. People traditionally had found their way of traditionally had found their way of communicating their commitment. communicating their commitment. • The world Religions just keep the same The world Religions just keep the same

way to communicate their commitment way to communicate their commitment both vertically and horizontally. They both vertically and horizontally. They (modern believes) recognize then the life (modern believes) recognize then the life meaningfully bound by a religious systems meaningfully bound by a religious systems such as rules and preaching based on the such as rules and preaching based on the God’s will.God’s will.

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• Both traditional and modern people Both traditional and modern people express the express the Faith, in which they come to meet the Faith, in which they come to meet the Devine Devine Providence on all the realities. Providence on all the realities.• It is not our turn to speak about the certain It is not our turn to speak about the certain

religion. religion. • Let’s try to identify well the Let’s try to identify well the universalitiesuniversalities on on

the religion that lead one self both the religion that lead one self both individually going more deeply in his/her individually going more deeply in his/her religion, and on the other hand to come religion, and on the other hand to come together to keep our life – our future – the together to keep our life – our future – the global world religiously.global world religiously.

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Between ‘religion’ and Between ‘religion’ and ‘faith’‘faith’

• The couple C’s between religion and The couple C’s between religion and faith both traditional and modern faith both traditional and modern perform.perform. Cult Cult ceremony ceremony Creed Creed faith faith Code Code a set of rules – “ought” a set of rules – “ought”

statementsstatements care and charitycare and charity

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• Religion comes such as “the ability to form Religion comes such as “the ability to form

larger and better-united group for a wide larger and better-united group for a wide range range of purposes. Religion serves as a mean of of purposes. Religion serves as a mean of communicating the commitments” communicating the commitments” (William (William Irons) Irons) • The end result is that human beings display The end result is that human beings display

a unique form of sociality in which they are a unique form of sociality in which they are able to form very large, intricately able to form very large, intricately cooperating groups based on reciprocal cooperating groups based on reciprocal altruism.altruism.

• A concomitant of this unique form of A concomitant of this unique form of sociality is the propensity to construct and sociality is the propensity to construct and maintain the elaborate system of belief that maintain the elaborate system of belief that we label “my religion, your religion and we label “my religion, your religion and his/her religion”. his/her religion”.

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• These system of belief convey, in a deeply These system of belief convey, in a deeply credible way, certain basic commitments credible way, certain basic commitments that that the members society must share if they the members society must share if they are to are to form large. form large.• These basic system of beliefs are invested These basic system of beliefs are invested

with very strong emotions, and they resolve, with very strong emotions, and they resolve, for believers, basic questions about the for believers, basic questions about the nature of the universe and human beings as nature of the universe and human beings as part of that universe. They also resolve basic part of that universe. They also resolve basic value questions about what is desirable, and value questions about what is desirable, and provide, in effect, a set of rules or “ought” provide, in effect, a set of rules or “ought” statements that believers can use to guide statements that believers can use to guide their lives. their lives.

• Furthermore, ‘religion’ is to denote the term Furthermore, ‘religion’ is to denote the term of religiosity – commonsense of religion. of religiosity – commonsense of religion.

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CLASS ASSIGNMENT

LEARNING PROCESS

SYMBOL & Norms/Rules

ACTIVITIES CHARACTER DAILY/WEEKLY

LEARNING TO KNOW

1.2.3

LEARNING TO DO1.2.3.

LEARNING TO BE1.2.3.

LEARNING TO LIVE TOGETHER

1.2.3.

Group or Individual Group or Individual ClassworkClasswork

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1. What is Religion and Faith ? Are they related each other? What are the similarities and differences between Religion and Faith?

2. Please identify 5 symbols using in your religion with the

meaning for each symbol. Which symbol (s) do put you in

“a good faith”? 3. “The more we do in religion, the more faith we

get, the more faith we get, the more we do in religion”!

Do you agree? Why ? Please explore in short !4. The more we have faith, the more we go over any

reality of life (success and failure or conflict). Give your point, please elaborate your answer with some examples!

Class discussion Class discussion

• ““Religion may in fact be system of symbols”. Please Religion may in fact be system of symbols”. Please point out some symbols recognized by each point out some symbols recognized by each religion. Give the meaning for each symbol using in religion. Give the meaning for each symbol using in the religion.the religion.

• ““Religion serves as a mean of communicating the Religion serves as a mean of communicating the commitments of people”. What kind of commitment that commitments of people”. What kind of commitment that people keep on in their religious life ? Explain your answer !people keep on in their religious life ? Explain your answer !

• The basic system of beliefs is to resolve basic value The basic system of beliefs is to resolve basic value questions about what is desirable, and provide, in questions about what is desirable, and provide, in effect, a set of rules or “ought” statements that effect, a set of rules or “ought” statements that believers can use to guide their lives. Point out believers can use to guide their lives. Point out some rules and the ‘ought’ statements using by some rules and the ‘ought’ statements using by people to guide their lives.people to guide their lives.

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Class assignmentClass assignment Religion is developed in a couple of C’s as Religion is developed in a couple of C’s as

below: below: cult (ceremony), creed (faith), cult (ceremony), creed (faith), code (rules), chance code (rules), chance and and care, credible care, credible (person/life), (person/life), constructive, constructive, is to is to create create a a communitycommunity. Do you agree ? Give your . Do you agree ? Give your reason! reason!

You are the religion, an alive religion. You are the religion, an alive religion. Please explore more about your self/life Please explore more about your self/life

religiously in five paragraphs follow in religiously in five paragraphs follow in the the

couple C’s above!couple C’s above!EeEe2424

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You are the religion, an alive religion. Please explore more about your self/life religiously in five paragraphs follow in the couple C’s above!

Class discussion!Class discussion!

• Discuss about the Traditional Discuss about the Traditional cult/ceremony from your home cult/ceremony from your home town/culture for the couples of “C” below!town/culture for the couples of “C” below!

What ceremony (3-4 examples)What ceremony (3-4 examples) what commitment both horizontal & what commitment both horizontal &

vertical ? vertical ? what kind of Creed?what kind of Creed? what kind of Care and Charity (Sociality)?what kind of Care and Charity (Sociality)?

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Religious points for “a good Religious points for “a good faith”faith”

• Religious life between ritualism and Religious life between ritualism and existentialism.existentialism.

• Celebrate your commitment Celebrate your commitment existentially and religiously!existentially and religiously!

• Personal and social conflictPersonal and social conflict

•

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Nobile Religious ActivitiesNobile Religious Activities

• WorshipWorship

• Fasting Fasting

• AlmsgivingAlmsgiving

Which one(s) from the Nobile activities Which one(s) from the Nobile activities thatthat

Is more interesting create both great Is more interesting create both great experience and impression in your life experience and impression in your life personally and socially?personally and socially?

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Nobile activities for the Nobile activities for the personal values & Personal personal values & Personal

experienceexperience• Please identify the virtue(s) or life in Please identify the virtue(s) or life in

values that could be provided by values that could be provided by worship, worship, Fasting Fasting and and Almsgiving.Almsgiving.

• Put Star ( ) for the virtue (s) as Put Star ( ) for the virtue (s) as recognized and developed in your life; recognized and developed in your life; Affirmative ( ! ) for the normal as done as Affirmative ( ! ) for the normal as done as usual; and Interrogative ( ? ) for everything usual; and Interrogative ( ? ) for everything that still in problem or difficult in practice. that still in problem or difficult in practice.

• On your experience: person/s ( ) & On your experience: person/s ( ) &

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2. 2. An Interpretation of Contemporary An Interpretation of Contemporary Religion and Modern Sciences Religion and Modern Sciences

• We keep in mind the term of religion such as a We keep in mind the term of religion such as a way to communicate one self commitment way to communicate one self commitment vertically and horizontally. The believers should vertically and horizontally. The believers should not come to live extremely neglecting the other not come to live extremely neglecting the other surface of ‘coin’.surface of ‘coin’.

• A concomitant comes through the modern A concomitant comes through the modern sciences. They (modern sciences) give their turn sciences. They (modern sciences) give their turn to enable, to enrich the people being more in to enable, to enrich the people being more in communicating their commitment. communicating their commitment.

• Religion and modern sciences come differently Religion and modern sciences come differently but not separately at all. but not separately at all.

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Class discussion !

•Point out the advantages of the modern sciences in supporting the religious life !

•The modern sciences are not at all, neither religion. Both the modern sciences and religion are different, but not separated. Give your point of view !

•

• I suggest the significance of the I suggest the significance of the relationship relationship between sciences and religion, and so between sciences and religion, and so confirm confirm the importance of its systematic study. the importance of its systematic study. • The relationship between sciences and The relationship between sciences and

religion is richly informative about the religion is richly informative about the contemporary human lives.contemporary human lives.

• Religion and modern sciences are to come Religion and modern sciences are to come together to enable the modern people to get together to enable the modern people to get the answer on the general question: the answer on the general question: HowHow can we think and act scientifically and can we think and act scientifically and religiously, critically and worshipfully, religiously, critically and worshipfully, technologically and morally at the same technologically and morally at the same time ?time ?

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• The relationship between sciences and The relationship between sciences and religion is religion is fascinating partly point in leading and fascinating partly point in leading and guiding guiding people to overcome “the modern identity people to overcome “the modern identity crisis”. crisis”. • The primary argument to be made here is The primary argument to be made here is

that the interaction between science and that the interaction between science and religion exhibits the same awkward tension religion exhibits the same awkward tension that strains the live as a whole. The science-that strains the live as a whole. The science-religion relationship is by no means the only religion relationship is by no means the only manifestation of this awkward life manifestation of this awkward life confusion. confusion.

• As a result, the systematic study of science As a result, the systematic study of science and religion is not unique in it is importance.and religion is not unique in it is importance.

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• Exploiting the analogy again, every ‘crisis identity Exploiting the analogy again, every ‘crisis identity

symptom’ is a window of understanding onto the symptom’ is a window of understanding onto the underlying tension, and in many cases also an underlying tension, and in many cases also an opportunity for easing it. opportunity for easing it.• The interaction of science and religion, The interaction of science and religion,

however, presents the tension between however, presents the tension between the religious and science tendencies of the religious and science tendencies of human life with interesting directness, human life with interesting directness, because of the contrast between the because of the contrast between the spiritual and critical-technological spiritual and critical-technological tendencies of human rationality tendencies of human rationality immediately evident there.immediately evident there.

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