Release of Introduced Maize Hybrid for the Sudan

8/11/2019 Release of Introduced Maize Hybrid for the Sudan

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Release of HyTech2055 maize hybrids for the irrigated

sector in Northern and Central Sudan

ByMaarouf I. Mohammed

Fatih E. A. Hamza, Mozzamil A.M. Eltalib,Hussein Muhi Eldin, Mohammed

Al Assad, Mohammed Ismail Ahmed and Hassan A. Tambal

Submitted to the Variety Release Committee

Khartoum, Sudan

(July, 2012)


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Release of HyTech2055 maize hybrids for the irrigated sector in

Northern and Central Sudan

ByMaarouf I. Mohammed

1and Fatih E. A. Hamza

2

Contributors:Mozzamil A.M. Eltalib1

1

Hussein Muhi Eldin3Mohammed Al Assad

4

Mohammed Ismail Ahmed5

AbstractTwo introduced Egyptian maize hybrids from Misr HyTtech Co. (HyTech2031 and

HyTech2055) were tested against three standard checks (Pan6966, Hudieba1 and Hudieba2) in 8environments in the Sudan during 2010-2011. Two environments were in Khartoum State and

one each at River Nile, Northern, White Nile, Sennar, Gedarif, and Blue Nile States. Thegenotypes were arranged in RCB Design with 4 or 3 replicates. The performance of the

introduced hybrids was also demonstrated in the Farmers fields in Khartoum State. Grain yield,yield components and related traits were studied. Chemical analysis for protein content of the

grain was carried out.

The results obtained indicated that the hybrid HyTech2055 significantly outyielded the standard

checks in grain yield with average yield advantage over Pan6966, Hudieba2 and Hudieba1amounting to 25%, 40% and 53%, respectively. HyTech2055 showed the best yield stability

across the test environments and was significantly earlier than the check Pan6966.The white hybrid HyTech2031, though not leading in average performance, it showed good

performance in Khartoum State with 40% yield advantage over Hudieba1, has comparable orbetter yield than Pan6966 and was more stable than the two checks. When tested under farmer-

managed demonstration plot, HyTech2031 gave yield increase over Pan6966 and Hudieba2amounting to 35.6 % and 67.5 %, respectively. It was concluded that HyTech2031 could be

regarded as a reference point for future-tested white hybrids.The hybrid HyTech2055 has been recommended for commercial production under the irrigated

sector of Northern and Central Sudan. The hybrid HyTech2031 was recommended forcommercial production in Khartoum State.

1Shambat Research Station Agricultural research Corporation (ARC)

2Merowe Research Station / ARC

3Faculty of Forestry and Range Sciences. Sudan University. Suba.

4Sennar Research Station / ARC

5Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources. University of Bakht El Ruda. Ad Duwaym


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Introduction

Maize (Zea maizeL.) is one of the most important cereal crops in the world and the most

responsive to genetic improvement. In Sudan, it ranks 4thin importance as a cereal crop

coming after sorghum, millets and wheat. It is grown mainly as feed crop (both grain andforage) and rarely as food crop. Due to the increased demand for animal products driven

by the accelerated process of urbanization, an urgent need for maize has emerged in

recent decades to meet the growing requirements of poultry industry. Based on

FAOSTAT (2011) the average production of maize per annum in the Sudan during the

eighties (29000 ton) was doubled (59000 ton) during the 2000s. Imports of maize showed

similar trend, rising from < 20000 ton during 1985-95 to > 40000 ton during the 2000s. If

the above statistics are valid, the present Sudan requirement for grain corn could be

estimated around 100000 ton, of which more than 40% is imported.

Lack of improved seeds is one of the major problems hindering maize production in the

Sudan. This may partially explain the low yield levels (below 1 ton/fed) reported for

maize in the Sudan. The objectives of this investigation were therefore to evaluate the

performance of two introduced maize hybrids under Sudan conditions and to identify the

suitable one(s) for commercial release.

Materials and Methods

Plant materials: Five maize genotypes (Table 1) comprising two introduced maize

hybrids from Misr HyTtech Co. (HyTech2031, HyTech2055) and three standard checks (

Pan6966, Hudieba2 and Hudieba1) were investigated. The three check varieties were

released by the Agricultural Research Corporation (ARC) for cultivation in the Sudan.

Table 1. The introduced plant materials and the standard checks used in the study

Cultivar Designation Seed color Source

HyTech2031 One way hybrid White Misr HyTtech Co. Egypt

HyTech2055 One way hybrid Yellow Misr HyTtech Co. Egypt

Pan6966 (Check) One way hybrid Yellow Pannar Co. South Africa

Hudieba2 (Check) Open pollinated variety Yellow ARC. Sudan

Hudieba1 (Check) Open pollinated variety White ARC. Sudan


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Environments: The genotypes were investigated in eight environments two of them

were in Khartoum State (Shambat, Suba) and one each at River Nile (Shendi), Northern

(Merowe), White Nile (Ad Duwaym), Sennar (Sennar) Gedarif (Gedarif) and Blue Nile

(Damazin) States. The genotypes were grown under irrigated condition in the first six

environments and under rain-fed condition in the last two environments. In Khartoum,River Nile, and Northern States the trials were conducted during the winter season of

2010 whereas for the rest of the sites the trials were established during the Kharief season

of 2011. Metrological data and the general features of the soils in 6 of these environments

are presented in Appendices I through VI.

Cultural practices: In the year 2010, sowing dates were effected on 25 Oct., 30 Oct., 25

Oct. and 28 Nov. at Shambat, Suba West, Shendi, and Merowe sites, respectively. In the

year 2011, the materials were sown on12 July, 20 Sept., 12 Aug., and 27 July at Sennar,

Ad Duwaym, Gedarif and Damazin sites, respectively. Seeding was done on ridges in all

sites other than Gedarif and Damazin where the seeds were sown on flat. Two seeds were

placed in holes spaced at 0.75x0.2m. The plot consisted of 5 ridges/rows 5 m long with

gross area approximating to 27 m2. Nitrogen fertilizer (Urea) was added at second

irrigation at a rate of 55 Kg N/ha. Irrigation was practiced according to need at 7 to 15

day intervals. Weeds populations were kept to minimum by hand removal during the first

month from sowing. Pests, specially stem borers, were monitored and controlled if

required.

Data collected: grain yield was estimated by harvesting the whole plot. Plant height and

days to 50% tasseling were taken in the trials conducted at Shambat, Shendi and Merowe

sites. Kernel number per ear and 100 kernel weight were taken at Shambat, Suba, and

Shendi sites. Ear characteristics were measured in Shendi site. Chemical analysis for

crude protein (CP) of the grain was carried outin the laboratory of the Faculty of Animal

Production, University of Khartoum. Shambat.

Experimental design and statistical analysis: The genotypes were arranged in RCB

Design with 4 replicates except at Ad Duwaym and Sennar (3 replicates). Separate

ANOVA for each environment was performed for grain yield and related traits before

running the combined analysis. Both Shuklla (1972) and Eberhart and Russell (1966)

models were employed to investigate yield stability for all genotypes across the six

irrigated environments. The statistical package GenStat (2011) was used to run the

ANOVA whereas Agrobase Gen II (2008) was used to run the stability analysis


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Demonstration plot

The performance of the hybrids HyTech2055 and HyTech2031was demonstrated in the

Farmers fields in Khartoum State at Sururab West (30 km north of Omdurman) in area

of aprox. 0.2 ha. The hybrid Pan6966 and Hudieba2 were used as checks. The field was

established and managed by the farmer under supervision of the technical researchworkers. Sowing date was on 28.Oct.2010. At harvest, a field day attended by farmers,

extension and research staff was organized. Four samples, 1 m2

each were randomly

taken from each plot for each variety to estimate grain yield.

Results and Discussions

The materials grown under rain-fed environments yielded very low due to severe

moisture stress encountered during the growing season, hence the data from Gedarif and

Damazin trials were considered unreliable and will not be highlighted.Table 2 shows mean squares from combined ANOVA for grain yield, days to 50 %

tasseling, plant height, 100 kernel weight and number of kernels per ear. Differences

among genotypes were highly significant for grain yield and other studied traits.

Genotype by environment interaction (GxE) was highly significant for grain yield and

days to 50% tasseling .

Grain Yield

Table 3 shows grain yield obtained by different genotypes in each of the six irrigated

environments, combined average yield and percent-yield increase of the best performinggenotype. Significant differences among genotypes were detected in all environments

except in the lowest yielding ones, namely Suba (2.20 t/ha) and Sennar (2.45 t/ha). Low

yield at Suba is expected owing to the poor soil properties (Appendix II)

HyTech2055 (yellow): This hybrid ranked first in grain yield in all environments

outyielding other genotypes in Merowe (7.37 t/ha), Ad Duwaym (7.30 t/ha) Shendi (6.90

t/ha) and Shambat (4.49 t/ha). In the average of the six environment, the hybrid

HyTech2055 was the best in grain yield (5.28 t/ha) followed by the hybrid Pan6966 (4.22

t/ha) and Hudieba2 (3.76 t/ha). Its yield advantage was 25% over Pan6966, 40% over

Hudieba2 and 53% over Hudieba1.

HyTech2031 (white): The white hybrid HyTech2031 averaged significantly lower than

Pan6966 (3.67 t/ha), however, at Shambat, it ranked second in grain yield exhibiting

comparable if not better yield than Pan6966. White grain corn is desirable for production

of poultry meat and might be necessary in future for bread industry in the Sudan. Up to


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date no white corn hybrid has been released in the Sudan. The white hybrid HyTech2031

is the first of its kind to be tested for release in the Sudan. The open pollinated variety

Hudieba1 is the only released white corn in the country. The gain in yield obtained by

HyTech2031 over Hudieba1 at Shambat is significant approaching 40%. In the remaining

environments, HyTech2031 consistently outyielded Hudieba1 except at Ad Duwaym,where Hudieba1 showed exceptionally high yield (6.38 t/ha).

Yield related traits

The hybrid HyTech2055 tasseled in 65 days (Table 4) and was consistently earlier than

Pan6966 which took 68 days to tassel. It was comparable in plant height to Pan6966 but

significantly taller than Hudieba2 and Hudieba1 averaging 261 cm. (Table 5). The hybrid

HyTech2031 tasseled in 69 days. It was comparable to Pan6966 which took 68 days to

tassel. HyTech2031 and Pan6966 were comparable in plant height averaging 255 and

251cm, respectively. Both hybrids were taller than Hudieba1 and Hudieba2.

The hybrid HyTech2055 gave the highest number of kernel per ear (Table 6) which may

be one of the factors contributing to its outstanding performance in grain yield, however,

it was comparable in 100 kernel weight to Pan6966 and Hudieba2 (Table 7).

HyTech2031was similar in seed weight to Pan6966 and comparable to it in number of

kernel per ear.

Table 8 shows ear characteristics as evaluated in Shendi 2010. The hybrid HyTech2055

exhibited increased number of rows per ear (16.3) over other genotypes.

Chemical analysis

Chemical analysis showed that crude protein of the grain was 10.7% for HyTech2055,

10.8% for HyTech2031 and 12.9% for the check Pan6966. Such results could be

understood in the context of the adverse association known to occur between grain yield

and protein content in many crops.

Yield stability

The hybrid HyTech2055 gave the lowest variance value (0.315) for grain yield across

environments showing its relative yield stability as per Shukla (1972) stability variance

model (Table 9). Considering Eberhart-Russell stability model (Tables 9 and 10), the

hybrid HyTech2055 showed the lowest value for deviation from linearity of regression,

indicating its genetic stability as assumed by Eberhart and Russell (1966). However, its

Beta (regression coefficient) value was well above unity (1.3988) which may suggests


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greater specificity of adaptability to high-yielding environments (Finlay and Wilkinson,

1963).

The hybrid HyTech2031 could also be regarded as more stable than Pan6966 and

Hudieba1 based on Shuklla (1972) and Eberhart and Russell (1966) stability models.

However, unlike HyTech2055, Its below unity regression coefficient suggests greaterresistance to environmental change, and therefore increasing specificity of adaptability to

low-yielding environments (Finlay and Wilkinson, 1963).

The demonstration plot

Table 11 shows maize grain yield obtained in the demonstration plot conducted at

Sururab site. The hybrids HyTech2055 and HyTech2031 gave the highest yield

amounting to 4.81 and 4.27 t/ha, respectively. The hybrid Pan6966 and Hudieba2 gave

3.15 and 2.55 t/ha, respectively. Yield advantage of HyTech2055 over Pan6966 and

Hudieba2 were significant over both checks amounting to 52.7% and 88.6 %,

respectively. With regard to the hybrid HyTech2031 the respective yield advantages were

35.6 % and 67.5% with gain in yield being significant over Hudieba2.

Conclusions

The introduced maize hybrids HyTech2031 and HyTech2055 were tested against three

standard checks (Pan6966, Hudieba1and Hudieba2) in 6 irrigated environments during

2010-2011. The results obtained indicated that the hybrid HyTech2055 significantly

outyielded the standard checks in grain yield with average yield advantage over Pan6966,

Hudieba2 and Hudieba1amounting to 25%, 40% and 53%, respectively. HyTech2055

showed the best yield stability across the test environments and was significantly earlier

than the check Pan6966. Moreover, HyTech2055 gave significant increase in yield over

Pan6966 (52.7%) and Hudieba2 (88.6%,) when tested under farmer-managed

demonstration plot.

The white hybrid HyTech2031, although yielded lower in average performance than

Pan6966, it has exhibited good performance in Khartoum State with comparable or better

yield than Pan6966 and 40 % yield advantage over Hudieba1. When tested under farmer-

managed demonstration plot it gave yield advantage over Pan6966 and Hudieba2

amounting to 35.6 % and 67.5 %, respectively. HyTech2031 was more stable than

Pan6966 and Hudieba1. Being the first white grain corn hybrid tested for release in

Sudan, it could be regarded as a reference point for future-tested white hybrids.


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Recommendations

Based on the results and discussions of this study we recommend to and ask the support

of the Variety Release Committee the release of the following hybrids:

1. Hybrid maize HYTECH2055: For commercial production under the irrigated

sector of Northern and Central Sudan.2. Hybrid maize HYTECH2031: For commercial production in Khartoum State

The salient features of the two hybrids are shown in Appendices VII and VIII. We

suggest keeping the original names of both hybrids.

References

Agrobase Gen II (2008) version 18.5.1 Agronomix software, inc. Canada.

Eberhart, S.A., and W.A. Russell. (1966). Stability parameters for comparing varieties.

Crop Science. 6:36-40.

FAOSTAT Database (2011). FAO Statistics. Food and Agriculture Organization of the

United Nations (FAO). Rome

Genstat. (2011). GenStat Release 10.3DE ( PC/Windows 7) VSN International Ltd.

(Rothamsted Experimental Station) . UK.

Finlay, K.W. and G.N. Wilkinson, (1963). The analysis of adaptation in a plant breeding

programme. Australian Journal for Agricultural Research. 14: 742-754.

Shukla, G.K. (1972). Some statistical aspects of partitioning genotype environmental

components of variability. Heredity. 29:237-245.


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Table 2. Mean squares from combined analysis of variance for different traits of maize

genotypes

Source of

variationd.f.

Grain yield

(t/ha)d.f.

Yield related traits

Days to 50%

tasseling

Plant height

(cm)

100 kernel

wt (gm)

No of

kernels/ear

Block 3 1.0087 3 2.578 89.2 6.585 2803

Environment (E) 5 48.0041** 2 1911.667** 935.6 80.214** 194356**

Block in E. 13 1.2076 6 8.978 371.6 7.173 8606

Genotype (G) 4 12.7309** 4 140.225** 10338.5** 34.189** 33555**

G x E 20 1.7373** 8 12.312** 728.8* 12.868 2606

Residual 64 0.3760 36 3.650 297.1 6.836 5095

Total 109 59

*, ** significant at 0.0 5 and 0.01 probability level, respectively

Table 3. Maize grain yield (t/ha) in each environment, combined average yield and

percent increase of the best yielding hybrid (HyTech2055) over other genotypes.Environment

Genotypes

Shambat

2010

Suba

2010

Shendi

2010

Merowe

2010

Ad Duwaym

2011

Sennar

2011

Average

(Combined)

Average

Increase inyield (%)

HyTech2031 3.80 1.88 4.77 4.30 4.51 2.74 3.67 44.0

HyTech2055 4.49 2.88 6.90 7.37 7.30 2.74 5.28 00.0

Pan6966 3.42 2.60 5.17 6.22 5.46 2.42 4.22 25.3

Hudieba1 2.73 1.38 4.25 4.06 6.38 1.94 3.46 52.9

Hudieba2 3.35 2.25 5.42 4.20 4.96 2.41 3.76 40.3

Mean 3.56 2.20 5.30 5.23 5.72 2.45 4.08P value 0.004 0.135


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Table 4. Days to 50% tasseling shown by different maize genotypes in three

environments

Environment

Genotype

Shambat 2010 Shendi 2010 Merowe 2010 Average

(Combined)

HyTech2031 64.5 61.5 80.5 68.8

HyTech2055 60.5 56.3 77.8 64.8

Pan6966 65.8 59.3 79.5 68.2

Hudieba1 62.0 54.3 71.0 62.4

Hudieba2 59.3 53.3 70.8 61.1

Mean (Environment) 62.4 56.9 75.9 65.1

P. value 0.044


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Table 6. Number of kernels per ear obtained in three environments by five maize genotypes

Environment

Genotype

Shambat 2010 Suba 2010 Shendi 2010 Average (Combined)

HyTech2031 405 282 477 388

HyTech2055 499 418 586 501

Pan6966 439 373 512 441

Hudieba1 417 266 513 399

Hudieba2 401 237 467 368

Mean 432 315 511 419

P. value 0.258 0.110 0.002


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Table 8. Ear characteristics showed by five maize genotypes grown at Shendi (2010)

Genotype Ear height

(m)

No of rows /

ear

No. of kernels/

row

Ear diameter

(cm)

Ear length

(cm)

HyTech2031 1.20 13.0 36.8 4.0 16.7

HyTech2055 1.35 16.3 36.0 3.7 16.0Pan6966 1.10 13.8 37.3 3.9 14.7

Hudieba1 0.92 14.8 34.8 3.9 15.5

Hudieba2 1.30 14.0 33.5 3.8 16.2

Mean 1.18 14.4 35.7 3.84 15.8

SE 0.064 0.36 0.88 0.08 0.48

CV (%) 10.9 5.0 5.0 3.9 6.0

Table 9. Stability parameters for five maize genotypes across six environments

Genotype Grain

yield(t/ha)

Rank Shukla Stability

Variance

Eberhart-Russell Regression

Model

GxE statistics Beta Deviation

HyTech2031 3.67 4 0.755 0.6902 0.058

HyTech2055 5.28 1 0.315 1.3988 -0.008

Pan6966 4.21 2 1.476 0.9928 0.166*

Hudieba1 3.45 5 3.051 1.1043 0.402**

Hudieba2 3.76 3 0.751 0.8138 0.057 : The values are estimates of an entry's variance across environments using the mean of each environments as

covariate

: Partition of deviation from linearity of response by Variety

*, **: indicates significant deviation from linearity of response at 0.05 and 0.01 probability level, respectively


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Table 10. ANOVA of Eberhart-Russell Regression Model for five maize genotypes grown

in six environments

Source df SS MS F-value Pr> F

Total 119 81.422

Varieties 4 12.731 3.183 12.53 0.0000

Env.+ in Var.x Env. 25 68.691 2.748

Env. in linear 1 60.005 0.000

Var. x Env. (linear) 4 3.608 0.902 3.55 0.0240

Pooled deviation 20 5.079 0.254

Residual 90 10.698 0.119

R-squared = 0.9261

Table 11. Grain yield obtained by five maize cultivars grown in a demonstration plot at

Sururab West (Khartoum State, 2010)

Cultivar Grain yield (t/ha) Yield advantageover Pan6966

Yield advantageover Hudieba2

HyTech2031 4.27 35.6 % 67.5 %

HyTech2055 4.81 52.7 % 88.6 %

Pan6966 3.15 - -

Hudieba2 2.55 - -Mean 4.20SE 0.329

CV (%) 22.1


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Appendices

Appendix I. Some metrological data and general features of the soil at Shambat (2010)

Env Shambat 2010 Soil characteristics (general features)

Mean temperature C relative

humidity (%)

Total rain

fall (mm)Max minJan. 32.7 16.3 32 TR

Feb. 34.2 25.6 28 0.0

March 36.4 19.7 20 TR

April 40.9 21.5 17 0.0 Non-saline, non-sodic, well drained

clay to loamy- clay soils, pH range 7.7

to 7.9.

May 42.9 24.9 18 TR

June 42.2 27.7 29 TR

July 37.6 26.1 44 24.5

Aug. 37.1 26.3 49 20.6

Sept. 38.2 25.9 43 31.6

Oct. 40.0 25.3 31 TR

Nov. 37.0 23.1 29 0.0

Dec. 32.2 17.4 30 0.0

Total rain fall 76.7

TR = trace

Appendix II. Some metrological data and general features of the soil at Suba (2010)

Env Suba 2010 Soil characteristics (general features)


humidity (%)

Total rain

fall (mm)max minJan. 33.1 19.3 25 0.0

Feb. 34.8 21.1 19 0.0

March 37.0 22.2 15 0.0

April 41.2 26.0 11 0.0

May 42.9 28.9 13 0.2 Poorly drain, saline sodic soils with

pH > 8.5June 42.2 29.3 25 1.4

July 37.7 26.9 44 13.9

Aug. 37.4 26.2 51 42.6

Sept. 39.0 27.0 41 18.0Oct. 40.7 28.4 26 1.0

Nov. 37.6 25.2 22 0.0

Dec. 33.2 19.6 25 0.0



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Appendix III. Some metrological data and general features of the soil at Shendi (2010)

Env Shendi 2010 Soil characteristics (general features)


humidity (%)

Total rain

fall (mm)max min

Jan. 33.0 16.5 24 0.0

Feb. 34.8 17.5 22 0.0

March 37.5 20.1 20 TR

April 41.4 22.9 16 0.0 Non-saline, non-sodic, well drained

loam to clay loamy soils with pH 7.1,

nitrogen content range 328-764 ppm

May 43.9 25.9 16 0.0

June 43.9 29.2 20 TR

July 39.6 27.4 32 46.7

Aug. 38.8 27.2 42 50.3

Sept. 40.3 27.1 36 13.0

Oct. 41.1 26.6 29 4.8

Nov. 37.5 23.1 28 0.0

Dec. 32.9 17.9 26 0.0

Total rain fall 114

TR = trace

Appendix IV. Some metrological data and general features of the soil at Merowe (2010)

Env Merowe 2010 Soil characteristics (general features)


humidity (%)

Total rain

fall (mm)max minJan. 31.3 15.9 28 0.0

Feb. 33.3 17.4 23 0.0

March 35.9 19.3 19 0.0

April 40.4 23.1 13 0.0

May 43.6 25.9 13 0.0 Karima series, non-saline, non-sodic

Well drained, silty soils with pH

around 7.0

June 45.2 28.1 32 0.0

July 42.6 29.1 29 0.4

Aug. 43.5 29.6 31 8.1

Sept. 42.9 28.1 25 11.4

Oct. 42.0 27.2 24 0.0

Nov. 36.6 23.6 30 0.0

Dec. 30.9 17.0 34 0.0



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Appendix V. Some metrological data and general features of the soil at Ad Duwaym (2011)

Env Ad Duwaym 2011 Soil characteristics (general features)


humidity (%)

Total rain

fall (mm)max min

Jan. 30.3 16.5 44 0.0

Feb. 35.4 19.9 32 0.0

March 36.3 20.5 28 0.0

Heavy clay, deep, moderately

drained , non-saline to slightly saline

soils, pH = 8.3

April 40.5 23.9 22 TR

May 41.0 26.4 34 1.0

June 41.1 27.1 36 TR

July 38.8 26.7 46 7.1

Aug. 34.8 24.3 64 150.1

Sept. 36.7 25.0 57 49.5

Oct. 38.6 25.4 47 3.1

Nov. 33.7 18.9 31 0.0

Dec. 32.8 18.1 38 0.0


TR = trace

Appendix VI. Some metrological data and general features of the soil at Sennar (2011)

Env Sennar 2011 Soil characteristics (general features)


humidity (%)

Total rain

fall (mm)max min

Jan. 32.1 13.0 43 0.0

Feb. 37.6 16.0 34 0.0

March 38.4 18.1 25 0.0

April 42.4 21.9 22 0.0

May 41.2 24.5 44 12.1 Non-saline, non-sodic, heavy

clay, moderately drained soils with

pH 7.2

June 40.3 26.2 45 4.5

July 38.1 24.2 55 38.5

Aug. 34.9 22.2 71 150.8

Sept. 35.9 22.7 67 18.1

Oct. 37.7 21.7 57 67.4

Nov. 34.7 13.5 44 0.0

Dec. 34.6 13.3 46 0.0



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Appendix VI I. The major features of the maize hybrid HyTech2055

Designation: HyTech2055 is a one way hybrid maize from Misr HyTtech Co. Egypt.

Grain color Yellow

Grain type DentPlant height (cm) 261 (168-313)

Ear height (cm) 135 (112-155)

Tillering Non tillering

Days to tasseling 65 (55-79)

Ear length (cm) 16 (15.5-17.3)

Ear diameter (cm) 3.7 (3.5-3.9)

Number of rows per ear 16 (16-17)

Number of kernel per rows 36 (34-40)

Number of kernels per ear 501 (317-680)

Weight of 100 kernels (gm) 22 (19-25)

Figures between brackets denote min-max values across observations (rep.environment)

Appendix VIII. The major features of the maize hybrid HyTech2031

Designation : HyTech2031 is a one way hybrid maize from Misr HyTtech Co. Egypt.

Grain color White

Grain type Dent

Plant height (cm) 255 (235-290)

Ear height (cm) 120 (115-124)

Tillering Non tillering

Days to tasseling 69 (61-82)

Ear length (cm) 17 (16-19)

Ear diameter (cm) 4 (3.8-4.1)

Number of rows per ear 13 (12-15)Number of kernel per rows 37 (36-38)

Number of kernels per ear 388(194-540)

Weight of 100 kernels (gm) 22.2 (17.8-25.4)

Figures between brackets denote min-max values across observations (rep.environment)

Documents

Release of Introduced Maize Hybrid for the Sudan