RELATIVITY. Galilean Principle of Relativity. Any two observers moving at constant speed and direction with respect to one another will obtain the same results for all mechanical experiments. -Galileo Galilei. Albert Einstein. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
RELATIVITY
RELATIVITYPrinciple of RelativityPostulates of RelativitySpecial
Theory of RelativityGeneral Theory of RelativityGalilean Principle
of RelativityAny two observers moving at constant speed and
direction with respect to one another will obtain the same results
for all mechanical experiments.-Galileo Galilei
Albert EinsteinConcerned with the lack of inner perfection in
electromagnetic theory and created special theory of relativity.Are
the Law of Induction and Maxwells modification of Amperes Law
really different?
1879-1955; Germany, Switzerland, and USAWhat would the world
look like if I rode on a beam of light?
The clock tower in Bern, Switzerland. Einsteins home (1903-1905)
was only 200m from the tower.If light has a constant speed, then
all observers see the clock at slightly different times, depending
upon distance. One of Einsteins first thought experiemnts: What if
the streetcar moved away from the clock tower at the speed of
light? Einsteins Annus Mirabilis: 1905Four Papers published while
he was a patent clerk in Bern, Switzerland
PaperFocusOn a Heuristic Viewpoint Concerning the Production and
Transformation of LightPhotoelectric effect, defined the quantumOn
the Motion of Small Particles Suspended in a Stationary Liquid, as
Required by the Molecular Kinetic Theory of HeatBrownian motion,
gave empirical evidence for the existence of atomsOn the
Electrodynamics of Moving BodiesSpecial RelativityDoes the Inertia
of a Body Depend Upon Its Energy Content?Matter-energy equivalence,
E=mc2Postulates of Special RelativityThe Principle of Relativity
The laws by which the states of physical systems undergo change are
not affected, whether these changes of state be referred to the one
or the other of two systems in uniform translatory motion relative
to each other.The Principle of Invariant Light Speed "... light is
always propagated in empty space with a definite velocity
[speed]cwhich is independent of the state of motion of the emitting
body." (from the preface).That is, light in vacuum propagates with
the speedc(a fixed constant, independent of direction) in at least
one system of inertial coordinates (the "stationary system"),
regardless of the state of motion of the light source.
Lorentz ContractionEinstein used the mathematical tools
generated by Hendrik Lorentz in his 1905 paper on special
relativity.Lorentz maintained that the ether must exist.
Hendrik Antoon Lorentz, (1853-1928) Netherlands
Jules Henri PoincarAccomplished mathematician, physicist,
engineer, and philosopher of sciencePublished the principle of
relativity just before Einsteins paper in 1905 and stated
experiment cannot distinguish between states of uniform motion and
restPoincar took the Lorenz transformations and put them into a
modern formPoincar never acknowledged Einsteins work on special
relativity and died before publication of the General Theory
1854-1912, France
Consequences of the Postulates of RelativityTime and distance
are measured differently in different inertial frames.Time is
dilated and lengths are contracted in the direction of motion.Thus,
between two different inertial frames, measurements of time and
distance are relative.
The General Theory of RelativityA theory about gravity in
spacetimePublished in 1916Principle of equivalence
Arthur Stanley EddingtonThe earliest English-speaking physicist
who used Einsteins German science during WWIHeaded expedition to
South Pacific to observe a solar eclipse on 29 May 1919 as a test
of General Relativity
1882-1944; BritainGRAVTATIONAL LENSING
