Relationships

Nature’s Way of

Recycling

Ecology

Trophic Levels

Energy Flow

Miscellaneous

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Both organisms benefit from

living together.

Mutualism

An association where one organisms benefits, while the other neither benefits nor is harmed.

Commensalism

A long term relationship in which one organism obtains

nutrients from another.

Parasitism

A close relationship between two organisms of different species. Ex. microbes located in the

digestive tract.

Symbiosis

The use or defense of a resource by one

individual that reduces the availability of that

resource to other individuals.

Competition

The process by which inorganic materials

move from the atmosphere to soil, into

living organisms and back again.

Biogeochemical Cycles

T/F During ammonification, bacteria convert nitrogen gas into

ammonium compounds.

False

An increase in the ability of the

atmosphere to trap heat.

Greenhouse Effect

The cycle that photosynthesis and respiration are the

base for.

Carbon-Oxygen Cycle

Convert nitrogen gas (N2) into ammonium

compounds (NH4OH).

Nitrogen Fixation

The way of life of a species.

niche

The nonliving parts of the

environment.

abiotic factors

An ecological unit that includes all the

interacting parts of an environment in an area. Ex. a cave, a

pond

ecosystem

All the living organisms that inhabit an environment. Ex.

plants, animals, protists

biotic factors

The portion of Earth that sustains life. It

extends from high in the atmosphere to the bottom of the oceans.

biosphere

These are autotrophic

organisms that manufacture their

own food

producers

This means that it must consume

food to get energy.

Heterotroph

These heterotrophs can be classified into two main groups.

Primary and Secondary Consumers

This group of organisms break down dead tissue

and animal wastes.

Decomposers

What are the 4 classifications of consumers based on what they eat.

Herbivores, Carnivores, Omnivores, Scavengers

Interrelated food chains in an

ecosystem is call?

Food Web

A specific sequence in which organisms

get energy in an ecosystem.

Food Chain

Name that pyramid.

1,500,000 producers

1 scavenger

90,000 secondary consumers

200,000 primary consumers

Numbers Pyramid

Name that pyramid.

20,831 kCal producers

21 kCal secondary carnivore

383 kCal primary carnivore

3368 kCal herbivores

Energy Pyramid

Name that pyramid.

470 g/m2 producers

0.05 g/m2 scavenager

0.1 g/m2 carnivore

0.6 g/m2 herbivore

Biomass Pyramid

What are the 4 steps to the

water cycle?

Condensation

Precipitation

Transpiration

Evaporation

A state of severely reduced physiological

activity during the winter months.

Hibernation

Competition between

organisms of the same species

Intraspecific Competition

What are the 3 steps of the Nitrogen

cycle?

Nitrogen Fixation

Ammonification

Denitrification

A cycle of activity occurring every 24

hours. (ex. Pedals of a flower opening in the

morning and closing in the evening.

Circadian Rhythm