Relationship between CCP and KMT from 1921 to 1935

Relationship between CCP and KMT from 1921 to 1935By: Cheong Kai Lun (3), jason tan xin an (7), Ong Yu Ze (15)First united front

AimRid china of foreigners and militariesFull national independence and unification

ReasonsRussiaCCPKMTReasons: Soviet RussiaSoviet Russia saw china as a potential allyHowever they supported the KMT as they had bigger membership and more influence over workers than CCP

Reasons: CCPPersuasion from Russian Comintern Both Russian Comintern and CCP wanted to use KMT base to expand their influence and eventually break away with itAt this time CCP only had 432 members Not regarded by Russians as suitable instrument of revolution in China Reasons: KMTAchievement of national unification and full national independenceBelieved that all Chinese should participate in national revolutionCould use CCP ties with workers, peasants and Soviet aid to reorganize KMTIf CCP developed too fast it might undermine SYS cause of national revolution

Nature of First united FrontCCP joined KMTCCP had to accept order and discipline from KMTCCP had to publicly accept KMT as leader and central forceOutcome Northern Expedition to conquer South ChinaExpel the warlords

Northern Expedition

Aim[KMT aim] Destroy the power of northern warlords (militarily)[CCP aim] Once warlords defeated, seize China

Northern ExpeditionSYS felt strong enough to negotiate with the Northern warlordsBut he diedCKS took over SYS as leader of KMT

What happened?Once force would attack WuhanThe other attacks Nanzhang, Nanjing and ShanghaiAt the same time KMT and CCP fought for peasant and townspeople supportNorthern Expedition

Outcome KMT and CCP took over half of the warlord dominated areaLed to the breakdown of the First United FrontWorsened relations between the CCP and KMTCCP gained supportThe

ReasonsDifferent political views on change: CCP -> Violent Revolution; KMT -> Gradual ReformCCP activities, aims, methods threatened middle classes who supported KMTSYS death (Helped keep alliance together)Success of Northern Expedition, KMT feel no longer need CCP supportAlliance not fully committed ( based on desire for political power)Elab on ReasonsCKS alarmed by growing support of CCPNE caused a rapid growth of support for CCPCCP encouraged workers to go on strike, resulting in fear of revolution by middle-classHowever, CKS had moved closer to the right wingers, forming personal and political ties with themCommunist activities EMBARRASMENT Since KMT conquered Southern China, no need CCP help -> Breakdown of alliance

What HappenedCCP instigated rebellion in Shanghai BEFORE KMT cameKMT came, rounded up communists and killed themLater, KMT executed more communists in Guangzhou, forcing them to fleeOutcomeCommunist retreated to countrysideCKS wanted conquer all ChinaContributed to Shanghai MassacreShanghai Massacre

Head (:AimReduce communist influence and power in China

ReasonsUncomfertable alliance between the KMT and CCPGrowing support of CCP -> CKS felt power of CCP had to be cut back

What Happened?CKS wanted to seize Shanghai(which had a lot of communists) during NEGeneral strike by communist broke outAuthorities decided to execute suspected communistsKMT took control of ShanghaiHowever, communist leadership had no idea what true situation was as they forbid any opposition to KMTOutcomeThousands communist killedCommunist cells raidedTrade unions eliminateed Communist positions in United Front Dropped