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Relationship Between Biodiversity and Humanbeing: NATURAL LIFE CAMPUS
Cemal Onur ALPAY, Hülya KARADOGAN
1
ABSTRACT
In the ecosystems created by the mutual interaction between animate and inanimate environment,
service productivity is parallel with biodiversity. Biodiversity varies with the effect of biotic and
abiotic factors. In today’s world, the most hazardous factor on biodiversity stems from human based
activities. In order to preserve and improve biodiversity, people need to adopt sustainable living
habits.
Since it is close to the nature protection zones with rich biodiversity, it is important to preserve
biodiversity in Bozalan Clay Pit. In addition, the surrounding area carries high potential in terms of
sustainable life. Due to these two leading features, rehabilitation works center upon biodiversity and
sustainable life model.
Within the framework of the project of the clay pit that completed its activity, a ‘natural life
campus’ exemplifying sustainable living activities such as improving biodiversity, preserving
natural resources, energy activities, ecologic configuration, waste management, environmental
awareness, social sharing is aimed.
1. INTRODUCTION
In order for animates to maintain their lives, an environment fulfilled in terms of fresh air and clean
water, organic soils, nutriment and other living necessities is needed. Animates and the inanimate
factors surrounding them are in interaction with each other. As the biodiversity increases, the
ecological quality also increases. This increase is only possible by preserving the balanced
interaction between the species.
Human being, as an element to the living environment is to keep the balanced interaction with other
living species. However, with the living habits of today’s world, human beings create negative
effects on the environment. Therefore, biodiversity is affected negatively by human activities.
Within the framework of this study, a sustainable living model has been exemplified in the model
‘Natural Life Campus’. In the Natural Life Campus, three main activities will be maintained:
education, tourism and agriculture. With these activities, ecologic, economic and social
sustainability will be maintained at the same time. Therefore a life model in which people will
preserve and improve diversity is aimed.
2. OBJECTIVES
Rehabilitation works are based on two main aims as to recreate biodiversity and to exemplify
sustainable life model.
In order to recreate biodiversity, landscape functions of the mining site (water, visual, erosion,
habitat) will be re-rendered. Within this framework, necessary activities for drainage and water
regime, topography regulation, soil improving, re-spreading of flora and fauna are planned.
In order for sustainable life model, a natural life campus in the area is aimed. The physical
condition of the mentioned campus is planned to be constructed considering the sustainability
factors such as resource preserving, energy activities, ecologic configuration, waste management.
With the planned education, ecotourism and sustainable agriculture activities, a sustainable life
model including environmental awareness and social sharing is aimed.
3. BACKGROUND INFORMATION
According to the data before March 1st 2014, Bozalan Clay Pit covers 99,27 hectares and at the
same time is a forestland. About 650 meters from licensed mining site, first order nature protection
zone is present.
70 meters from the pit, the road is present. One kilometers from the clay pit, Bozalan Village with
the population of 297 is present. 2.5 kilometers from the pit, K. Menderes watercourse is present.
Mediterranean weather conditions created maquies type plantation in the area. In addition oak and
pine trees, olive groves with agricultural purposes are present in the area too. The main fauna
Relationship Between Biodiversity and Humanbeing: NATURAL LIFE CAMPUS
Cemal Onur ALPAY, Hülya KARADOGAN
2
species are birds (crow, starling and skylark), mammals (mouse, mole, squirrel, fox, sheep and
goat), reptiles (turtle, frog, lizard and snake), and invertebrates (lady bird, house fly, ant).
Throughout the road, nature protection project is maintained in terrace areas.
The area is planned to be planted decreasing the angle from 80 to 45. Therefore, rangelands for the
sheep and goat of the Bozalan village is aimed.
4. METHODS
Within the framework of the project, primarily, re-creation of biodiversity is aimed. With this aim
in mind;
1. Literature review studies have been conducted about Bozalan Village, its surrounding, and
mine repair.
2. In line with the data relating to the mining site, analysis and synthesis have been conducted
about topography, environment relationship and weather data.
3. The current situation and the surrounding biodiversity is observed in the area visits.
Secondly, in order to increase the environmental awareness:
1. Literature review studies about sustainable life model and environmental awareness have
been conducted.
2. In line with the sustainable life principles, education, ecotourism and agriculture activities
have been planned.
3. Physical planning projects have been developed to enable the planned education, ecotourism
and agriculture activities.
4. In line with the anticipated physical planning decisions, clay pit rehabilitation project has
been designed and an animation has been prepared. With this, the project will be understood
by everyone easily.
In this study, Autocad, Arcgis, Sketchup, 3d Studio Max, Lumion, V-Ray, Photoshop, Google
Earth, Windows Movie Maker, Camtasia Studio and Microsoft Word softwares have been used.
5. RESULTS
5.1. Function Planning
Three main activities are present in the
natural life campus: education,
tourism and agriculture (Appendix 1).
With these activities, ecologic,
economic and social sustainability of
the natural life campus is maintained
at the same time.
Tourism, agriculture and education
activities are directly related to each
other. For example, during agriculture
and tourism activities, attendances’
environmental awareness increases.
5.1.1. Education and Research
Recently, one of the most effective
ways to raise awareness about nature, to preserve the nature, to recover and improve nature is
education. Since education is in the aim of providing positive changes in the behaviors of people in
the society, it gains an important role as there is a lot to say about sustainable environment and
sustainable social aims. Beside the content of the education, target section of the society is also
important. It is possible to reach the mentioned environmental aim with an education suitable for
people from all strata (Gülay and Önder, 2011).
Relationship Between Biodiversity and Humanbeing: NATURAL LIFE CAMPUS
Cemal Onur ALPAY, Hülya KARADOGAN
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In the natural life campus, researches and education will be maintained regarding environment and
social life. Experimental zones are present in the campus suitable for education and research. The
daily life and all the activities in the sustainable life model campus are planned as a part of the
education. For example, education and research building has been designed according to the
principles of ecologic structure. Thus, the attendances will experience the life teachings on site in
the natural life campus.
5.1.1.a. Environmental Education
In order for sustainable development, environmental education is an important tool for complying
with individual and social necessities all through the life. In addition, environmental education is
the most efficient method to ensure sustainable development in terms of ecologic, social and
economic constraints (Gülay and Önder, 2011).
The aims of the environmental education for sustainable development could be summarized as
follows:
To develop value and understanding regarding social, ecologic, economic and cultural
elements on regional, national and international basis.
To be able to use initiative in environmental issues.
To develop skills and behaviors for sustainable future.
To develop respect and sensibility in the issues related to environment.
To develop awareness about the individual responsibilities regarding environment
In the natural life campus, it is aimed to raise environmental awareness among the attendances.
With this aim, in specific times, conferences, workshops and natural life camps will be arranged
according to age groups (Appendix 2). These educational activities could be both daily or with
accommodation.
5.1.1.b. Environment Research Center
Campus will host the scientific researches about the region and surrounding area (Appendix 3). The
cooperative researches will be conducted on biodiversity, medical plants, endemic species and
related subjects. In addition, environment research center will develop methods for repairing of the
mine pit outside the campus, improving biodiversity and rehabilitation.
5.1.1.c. Social Research Center
In this center, research about traditional life habits of the habitants in the region will be conducted
(Appendix 4). The habitants’ life model shaped in parallel with the traditional ways of life is aimed
to be depicted in the literature review. At the same time the traditional life model that is almost
forgotten by the villagers is encouraged. Traditional agriculture, medical botany and related
researches will be conducted with the attendance of the villagers.
5.1.2. Ecotourism
Ecotourism is environmentally responsible visits to the natural and socio economically beneficial
areas with low visitors with the aim of promoting the protection of natural and cultural resources.
(Demir, Çevirgen, 2006).
The concept of ecotourism handles a strong nature with a common sense of social responsibility. It
is, at the same time, a product carrying economic and ecologic efficiency
Ecotourism should be a tool in protecting biodiversity socially and economically and should
provide improvement in the incomes of the people living nearby. Therefore the concept of
ecotourism handles a strong nature with a common sense of social responsibility.
Bozalan village is a potential area for ecotourism with its rich biodiversity and natural protection
zones. In the tourism activity in the campus, ecologic, economic and social sustainability is aimed.
Within this framework villagers will be informed and will be encouraged to take part. Thus,
Relationship Between Biodiversity and Humanbeing: NATURAL LIFE CAMPUS
Cemal Onur ALPAY, Hülya KARADOGAN
4
ecotourism will spread outside the campus and social and economic and ecologic sustainability will
be maintained.
5.1.2.a. Diversity in Tourism
The concept ecotourism involves tourism kinds such as nature tourism, cultural tourism,
agricultural tourism, and medical tourism. Campus planning and the environment is adequate to
host these kinds of tourism. By providing opportunity for different kinds of tourism in different
times of the year, tourism activities could be host in every season.
5.1.2.b. Voluntary labor and information exchange
The aim of voluntary labor and information exchange is to ensure sustainability and encourage
ecologic agriculture by providing voluntary labor and information exchange in the campus.
Volunteers are the people who works voluntarily in the campus by providing labor, information and
experience. In return of his volunteer works, accommodation and feeding expenses will be provided
by the campus authorities.
Visitors are the people who pays for the accommodation and services they are given in the campus.
They are not obliged to work in the campus.
Among volunteers, visitors and the campus people, information exchange will take place beside
service exchange.
5.1.3. Sustainable Agriculture
Sustainable agriculture means the kind of agriculture that ensures the protection of natural
resources, promotes biodiversity in agriculture, protects the environment infinitely, developing trust
and health among society, and provides necessary nourishment.
Sustainable agriculture meets economic, environmental, and social objectives always overlap, they
are managed together. Managing economics, society, and environment simultaneously depends on
clear goal-setting, effective decision making, and monitoring to stay on track toward the goal
(Sullivan, 2003).
Comprasion of the Industrial and Biological Models of Agriculture
Industrial Model Biological Model
Energy intensive Information intensive
Linear process Cyclical process
Farms as factory Farm as ecosystem
Enterprise separation Enterprise integration
Single enterprise Many enterprises
Monoculture Diversity of plants and animals
Low-value products Higher-value products
Single-use equipment Multiple-use equipment
Passive marketing Active marketing
Relationship Between Biodiversity and Humanbeing: NATURAL LIFE CAMPUS
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5.1.3.a Pasture Lands
As long as the climate changes in a specific environment, soil is influenced and the flora develops.
Finally, the most appropriate vegetation for the environmental conditions occurs. This vegetation is
named as ‘vegetation of the summit zone’ or ‘Climax Vegetation’. Resistance to soil erosion of the
species, which form the flora, ranges (Altın, 2014).
Pasture vegetation forms a greensward including many species that develops in a long period during
they are and survives for years. So, pasture vegetation protects the soil better than other floras
thanks to its greensward.
Climax vegetation will be formed inside and around the campus. In this way, controlled pasturages
will be formed and will be struggled against erosion.
Additionally, pasture plants make more organic contents accumulate and raise organic substances of
soil.
5.1.3.b Organic Agriculture
Organic agriculture is the way of agriculture that aims to animal and crop production without
disturbing the balance of nature, by choosing the appropriate ecologies, without using artificial
chemical inputs, with only cultural measures, biological control and by using organic inputs. Aim of
the organic farming is to protect the environment, plant, animal and human health without polluting
soil, water resources and air (Akgün, 2013).
Production will be operated by organic agriculture methods (Appendix 5). Students, guests,
volunteer sand local people will join the mentioned production. So that, awareness on environment
friendly agricultural activities will be increased and practice of these activities will be spreaded.
Sales of organic farming products will contribute to sustainability of campus economy (Appendix
6). Also, development of domestic economy will contribute by making local people conscious of
organic agriculture.
5.1.3.c Local Agricultural Cooperatives
Society supported agriculture is a socio- economic organisation in which farmers who live rural are
as close to the urban and nonfarmers who live in urban have partnership and production and
marketing of local organic products are supported.
With the society supported agriculture;
Local farmer sand members benefit, mutually.
A sustainable agricultural activity comes up.
A trustable market is provided to farmers for various products.
Carbon emission which is a result of transportation of food products will be decreased.
Local agricultural cooperative will organize the society supported agriculture. Also, it will provide
technical support on organic farming and production control services. It will plan diversity and sale
of agricultural products.
5.1.3.d Medicinal and Aromatic Plants
Medicinal and aromatic plants are plants which are used for a variety of purposes such as food,
primary medicine and drinks. Local people collect these plants to meet their subsistence needs (e.g.
food and primary medicine) and to generate cash income (Çetinkaya, 2009). Medicinal and
aromatic plants have a potential for contributing to the local economy, subsistence health needs, and
Relationship Between Biodiversity and Humanbeing: NATURAL LIFE CAMPUS
Cemal Onur ALPAY, Hülya KARADOGAN
6
improved natural resource management, leading to the conservation of ecosystem and biodiversity
of an area (Subedi, 2004).
Many medical and aromatic plant species exist naturally around Bozalan. These species are usually
resistant to drought, low maintenance request and contended. In this respect of these plants,
medicinal and aromatic plant cultivation will be implemented with ease.
Awareness of local people will be raised about medicinal and aromatic plants. So, development of
agricultural diversity and biodiversity will be contributed. Also practical researches for traditional
local medicine sand plants will be done on environmental research center (Appendix 7).
5.1.3.e Seed Banks
Another part of biological and cultural diversity is the variety of plants used in agriculture. Our
genetic pool of agriculture is fading away because of variable restrictions of the market, the process
of adopting the same agricultural methods more and more, abandoning the traditional techniques in
rural are changes in climate.
Seed bank will contribute to preservation of variety of native seeds and agricultural biodiversity. As
a part of this campaign, with the support of initially local people and organic farming farmers,
native seed species will be researched, defined and provided the communication between producers.
Seed bank will organize the assembly, reproduction and share of qualified native seeds.
5.2 Physical Planning
The decisions about physical planning are handled in two phases. In the initial step, that is
rehabilitation of land, there are precautions regarding the topographic, hydrologic, and biologic
qualifications of the land in the extent of this project. In the second step, the principles about energy
and water distributions, transportation and structuring considering the campus land (Appendix 8).
5.2.1 Ecologic Redevelopment Plan
Land reclamation is a management practice that is usually associated with resource extraction. It is
the process of returning damaged land to its original condition or to an acceptable condition through
land smoothing and/or critical are planting.
5.2.1.a Topography Modeling
Scarp slopes are determined as 30 percent maximum according to revegetation, erosion control and
visual attributes. Scarp slopes can be %45 maximum in inevitable conditions. In topography
modeling, control of surface and ground water is critically important in terms of scarp stabilization
and water regimes.
Strengthening of slopes with proper plants is an effective method to prevent flow and slump of
scarp and to provide an aesthetic appearance. In this system which is named as adornment of
ground, friction force occurs between ground and the roots thanks to the cooperation of ground and
the plant roots by tightening and occurs a permanent compensation in contact points, consequently.
Planting Works on grounds is widely used because of its providing economical solutions in a short
period, easily practicing and variety of applications, not requiring special equipment and usage of
many different sized and types of plants for different purposes.
Relationship Between Biodiversity and Humanbeing: NATURAL LIFE CAMPUS
Cemal Onur ALPAY, Hülya KARADOGAN
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5.2.1.b. Water Regime and Drainage
Drainage is the method of removing the excess water from agricultural and industrial areas and
sports and entertainment areas, street and avenues and ways. Excess water can be both above the
water and under the water. The lack of land surfaces smoothness unevenness causes an
accumulation of water on the surface (Bahçeci, 2003).
Inability to control the flow of surface water, at the same time, is important to prevent the siltation
While correctly rearranged drainage system protecting the stability, at the same time, it must
prevent the erosion at the field. (madencılıkfaalıyetlerıdogaonarımcbs.pdf).
5.2.1.c. Revegetation
Revegetation encourages mine soil development, creates an aesthetically pleasing landscape, and
contributes to productive post-mining land use. Successful revegetation of active surface mines
begins well in advance of fertilization and seeding. The most important step, by far, in surface-mine
revegetation occurs when the soil medium is selected and placed on the land surface. For optimum
plant growth, the soil medium should be selected to provide physical and chemical properties
suitable for the intended postmining land use.
The choice of method will depend on the size and nature of the site, the time and money available,
and the purpose of the revegetation. Species selection is critical for plant survival as well as for
maximizing the ecological value of the project.
Three general categories or types of plants are used for revegetation of mined areas: grasses, forbs,
and trees.
Grasses are the most commonly seeded plants in revegetation programs. They produce large
amounts of biomass, and are adapted to initiate regrowth rapidly after mowing or grazing. Grasses
have fibrous root systems that hold soil in place, thereby controlling erosion.
Forbs are generally used in mine revegetation in conjunction with grasses. Forbs usually have broad
leaves, flowers, and a branching taproot system.
Treatment Description Costs
Stabilization Purposes
Comments Toe
protection
Upper
bank
protection
Runoff
control
Live stakes
Branches of
rootable
plants
inserted into
the bank.
Low
✓ A flexible technique
with many
applications.
Branch
packing
Live branch
cuttings
incorporated
into
compacted
soil.
Moderate
✓ ✓ Used to fill
depressions in soil.
Vegetation
Trees, shrubs
and
other
vegetation
used
to stabilize
banks.
Low ✓ ✓ ✓
May require
protection from
flowing water
(stakes, erosion
control matting)
during root
establishment.
Relationship Between Biodiversity and Humanbeing: NATURAL LIFE CAMPUS
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Trees and shrubs are the final plant material category. They are used when forested or wildlife
habitat land uses are desired after mining.
Because of the insufficiency of the height of the upper soil layer to plant, which is spread to the
project area, spreading extra upper soil layer is needed. During leveling top soil, vegetable soil must
be laid at least 20 cm. The height of the soil level can change according to the roots.
During the revegetation plants are going to be chosen from local plant species (Appendix 9). So
the biomess at the Project area is going to rise. Distributions of plant species will be determined in
function. At slope stabilization, species which have fringe root structure and which consume less
water will be chosen. Thus, while providing stabilization with roots, erosion which is caused water
flowing is going to be pretended. The revegetation which is done by chosen the local pasture plants
is going to create a layer of mine in a short time. Also, pastures is going to increase the soil organic
matter contents.
Plants having different root depth, precipitate the water and use it efficiently by ecosystem and this
pretend to evaluate the water from the surface and salinization.
The plantation of the plants like sun and shadow together is going to make a healthy ecosystem.
These two methods are the high techniques which provide water economy, soil protection.
5.2.2. Campus physical plan
5.2.2.a. Use of land
The sun and the way of dominant wind are the two important things while using land (Appendix
10). Benefited from solar energy has been tried at the maximum level. With plants, it is aimed to
control the wind. With the aim of reducing excavation work settlement decisions are taken
according to land topography.
5.2.2.b. Construction
It is inspired from Earthship concept as construction technique (Appendix 11). That concept is
formed with sustainable construction and life techniques. Facilities are the construction are these;
Heating and cooling themselves naturally via solar/thermal Dynamics,
Collecting their own power from the sun and wind,
Harvesting their own water from rain,
Containing and treating their own sewage on site,
Producing a significant amount of food,
Are constructed using the byproducts of modern society like cans, bottles and tires,
Benefiting from sun shıne and biomass energy.
5.2.2.c. Use of materials
Recycling, durability, made by quick renewable material, being local are the main priorities while
using materials. Especially being local is important to prevent the environment problems which is
caused by transferring. Also local materials are more resistant to environment than foreign materials
(Alpay ve Birişçi, 2013).
5.2.2.d. Energy
Active usage of energy saving at the Project is provided. The energy which is needed is provided
from sustainable energy like solar energy and biogas Public transportation, pedestrian and cycling
are supported and environment pollution which is caused by transportation becames less. At the
field, structural and herbal solutions are cited to reduce the heat ısland effect. Thus, biocomfort is
provided and energy consumption is reduced. At the location, sun shine is used sufficiently so
energy consumption which is used while illuminating and heating becames less.
Relationship Between Biodiversity and Humanbeing: NATURAL LIFE CAMPUS
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5.2.2.e. Water
The water is the main source of the biodiversity. At the project, it is aimed to use water efficiently.
Because of that, rain water at deposited construct is used a few times. For agricultural irrigation,
biological pond which has surface water is used.
Biological ponds are the systems which have wild life and water tank and they also provide us
environmental education.
5.2.2.f. Waste management
Firstly it is aimed to reduce the waste formation. Second aim is to recycle the wastes and separate
them properly. Solid waste are separated as plastic, glass, paper and metal. Organic wastes are used
at compost. Also, the gas which comes into the open while composting is used as energy at the
kitchens and heating.
5.3. Management
Natural life is going to continue economically with tourism, agriculture and education.
Natural Life Campus Budget Table
Incomes Outgoings
Touristic accommodation Volunteer outgoings
Agricultural product sales Social, environmental, and agricultural
researches
Wage workshops Fixed property, maintenance and personal
outgoings
Environment education camps Environmental education scholarships
There are quarries which are neighbor to project area. Searches and productions to rehabilitate those
quarries, is going to be at Natural Life Campus. The seeds and plants which is needed to revegetate
the other quarries provided locally.
6. DISCUSSION
With erosion controlling, water regime arrangement, revegetating, wetlands ecosystems at the
project area, support the biodiversity.
Educational, touristic and agricultural facilities are done at the Natural Life Campus. Especially,
with touristic and environmental facilities it is aimed to spread environmental awareness. At the
same time, it is aimed to remind the traditional naturel life habits. To do so, local people is going to
join sustainable touristic and agricultural facilities and they will share their experiences.
Economical development opportunities are given to local people. These opportunities are like eco
tourism and organic agricultural facilities which sustain ecologically.
The company, by implementing the said Project, is going to revegetate to regain the biodiversity at
the Bozalan Clay Pit which is completed. Natural Life Campus is going to be a good example of
sustainability at the national and international level and contribute the social and environmental
responsibility vision of the company. With sustainable economy, there is going to be a balance at
the incomes and outcomes. So campus outcomes is going to be at the lowest level.
Relationship Between Biodiversity and Humanbeing: NATURAL LIFE CAMPUS
Cemal Onur ALPAY, Hülya KARADOGAN
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7. CONCLUSIONS
Natural Life Campus is a rehabilitation program which is aimed to increase the environmental
awareness at all people to regain the biodiversity at the Bozalan Clay Pit.
Because of the mine activities at the Project area, biodiversity must be regained. For this purpose, at
the area, topography is going to rearrange, drainage systems is going to be set up and revegetating
studies is going to be carried out.
After recreating the biodiversity, it is aimed to protect and improve the biodiversity. For this
purpose, environmental education camp, ecotourism and organic agriculture are cited at Natural
Life Campus. Those activities rises the environmental awareness and also they do not harm the
nature.
Protecting the developing biodiversity has been the most important target. For this purpose,
activities, which improve environmental awareness while not harming the nature are conducted in
the “Natural Life Campus”. These activities were environmental education camp, ecotourism,
organic farming etc.
Thus, the "Natural Life Campus" will be transformed to a center that improves people’s
environmental awareness with the help of environmental education camp and environment research
camp. Besides, ecotourism and organic farming will increase the environmental awareness of local
people while providing economic benefits and development.
Click to watch animated video of “Natural Life Campus”: http://youtu.be/bs1t-RSkPSc
Relationship Between Biodiversity and Humanbeing: NATURAL LIFE CAMPUS
Cemal Onur ALPAY, Hülya KARADOGAN
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REFERENCES
Akgün, T.(2013),” Organik Tarım”, http://www.pau.edu.tr/ubyo/tr
Alpay ve Birişçi,(2013),” Türkiye'de Peyzaj Mimarliği Uygulamalarinda Eko-Malzeme Kullanim
Olanaklari Üzerine Araştirmalar”, Kasım 2013, Peyzaj Mimarlığı V. Kongresi: Dönüşen Peyzaj,
Çukurova Üniversitesi, Adana.
Altın, M., http://www.tema.org.tr/
Bahçeci, İ.(2003), “Drenaj Mühendisliği”, Harran Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Tarımsal Yapılar ve
Sulama Bölümü, Şanlıurfa
Boza, Z.(2008), ”Açık Maden Ocaklarının Doğal Formunun Orjinal Tesviye Eğrilerine Uygun
Olarak Tasarlanmasında Coğrafi Bilgi Sistemlerini Kullanma Olanakları (Çeşme Germiyan
Örneği)”, Çeşitli Yayınlar Serisi No:2, T.C. Çevre ve Orman Bakanlığı Ege Ormancılık Araştırma
Müdürlüğü, İzmir
Çetinkaya, G.(2009), “Conservation and Sustainable Use of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants: A Case
Study in Köprülü Kanyon National Park, Turkey”, UNU-IAS Working Paper No. 160
Demir, C.(2006), “Ekoturizm Yönetimi”, Nobel Yayın Dağıtım, Ankara.
Gülay, H., ve Önder, A.(2013), “Sürdürülebilir Gelişim İçin Okulöncesi Dönemde Çevre Eğitimi”,
Nobel Yayın Dağıtım, Ankara.
Peker, K., ve Çelik, Y.(2005), “Toplum Tarım Desteği” Modeli ve Türkiye’de Organik Tarım
Skousen, J., Zipper, C., (2010),“Revegetation Species and Practices”, Powell River Project,
Reclamation Guidelines for Surface-Mined Land, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State
University, USA
Subedi, B., P.(2004),” Conservation and Use of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants in Nepal: Status and
Prospects”
Sullivan, P.(2003), “Applying The Principles Of Sustainable Farming”, The National Sustainable
Agriculture Information Service – ATTRA
Using Stabilization Techiques, To Control Erosion and Protect Property, TVA
Üretiminde Uygulanabilirliği”, Üçüncü Sektör Kooperatifçilik, Sayı 149,Türl Kooperatifçilik
Kurumu, Ankara.
Wright, B.(2005), “What is Community Supported Agriculture?”, Emerging Agricultural Markets
Team, UW Cooperative Extension
https://www.bugday.org/portal/sayfa.php?pid=73
Relationship Between Biodiversity and Humanbeing: NATURAL LIFE CAMPUS
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APPENDICES
Appendix 1. Function Diagram
Appendix 2. Workshop
Relationship Between Biodiversity and Humanbeing: NATURAL LIFE CAMPUS
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Appendix 3. Environment Research Center
Appendix 4. Social Research Center
Relationship Between Biodiversity and Humanbeing: NATURAL LIFE CAMPUS
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Appendix 5. Organic Agriculture
Appendix 6. Sales of Organic End-products
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Appendix 7. Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Cultivation
Appendix 8. Use of Land Plan
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Appendix 9. List of Revegetation Plants
PLANT NAME ROOT SYSTEM WATER DEMAND
Acer pseudoplatanus Deep root Like humidity
Aesculus
hippocastanum Taproot Drought resistant
Cornus sanguinea Keeping the substrate
soil Normal
Corylus avellana Wide and extensive
root system Like humidity
Euonymous europaeus Deep root More water request
Eleagnus angustifolia Keeping the soil on
slope Drought resistant
Hippophae rhamnoides Effective in the slope Low
Juglans regia Taproot Normal
Laburnum alpinum Effective in the slope Growing in humid
soil
Liriodendron tulipifera Shallow and hairy root
system
Growing in humid
soil
Lonicera spinosa
alberti Deep root
Shade, frost,
Drought resistant
Hibiscus rhamnodies Deep root More water request
Fagus silvatica Shallow, hairy and
strong root
Flood and drought
resistant
Ailanthus altissima Strong root Drought resistant
Quercus frainetto Deep root No
Quercus robur Keeping the soil, deep
root High
Quercus coccinea Deep soil, deep root Normal
Robinia pseudoacacia Storing nitrogen from
the air, improves soil Low
Salix alba Tall root system More water resistant
Fraxinus ornus Very strong hairy root Normal, dry soil
Albizzia julibrissin Hairy root system Drought resistant,
growing fast
Alnus glutinosa Deep root Like wet soil
Alnus incana Deep root Sun resistant
Juniperus communis Taproot Drought resistant
Juniperus virginiana Hairy root system Growing in humid
soil
Abies alba Taproot Normal
Ligustrum vulgare Intensive root, effective
in the slope Normal
Platanus acerfolia Deep root Drought resistant
Populus alba Intensive stool Drought resistant
Populus berolinensis Shallow root Drought resistant
Prunus mahaleb Good soil protector,
deep root Low
Prunus padus Good soil keeper,
shallow root system Low
Relationship Between Biodiversity and Humanbeing: NATURAL LIFE CAMPUS
Cemal Onur ALPAY, Hülya KARADOGAN
17
PLANT NAME ROOT SYSTEM WATER DEMAND
Pyracantha coccinea
praecox
Controlling erosion,
very strong root system Low
Philadelphus
grandiflorus Wind resistant Low
Malus communis Deep root, effective in
the slope Much water request
Rhamnus alpina Deep root Growing in dried
soil
Eleagnus argentea Strong lateral root Drought resistant
Cotoneaster
horizantalis
Sparse and fibrous root
system Low
Appendix 10. Earthship
Relationship Between Biodiversity and Humanbeing: NATURAL LIFE CAMPUS
Cemal Onur ALPAY, Hülya KARADOGAN
18
Appendix 11. Sustainable Transport
Appendix 12. Biological Pond