Related Lit. and Studies Ppt

8/17/2019 Related Lit. and Studies Ppt

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Review of

relatedliteratures and

studies


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Literatures


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By law, the council is responsible for thecondition of all housing within its area. Thisincludes both rented and privately ownedhomes. It uses a rating system called theHousing Health and Safety Rating System

(HHSRS to assess the potential dangers orha!ards present in a home. "ocal councilshave the responsibility to ensure that actionis ta#en by homeowners and landlords to

tac#le any ha!ards ($%I, &''.


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%n ha!ards.

Ha!ards arise from faults or de)ciencies inthe dwelling, which could cause harm. *nunderstanding of two things is needed whenit comes to recogni!ing and testing for

ha!ards+ The basic physical and mentalneeds for human life and comfort, and howthe dwelling as a whole and each individualelement in the dwelling have an eect.


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In short, a dwelling should be able to supplythe basic needs for the everyday life of therange of households who could normally bee-pected to live in a dwelling of that si!e and

type. The )rst step in chec#ing the state of adwelling is an inspection to identifyde)ciencies that could cause problems for thedwelling as a whole ($enter of Information,&''.


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ach may contribute towards the singleha!ard of )re, helping smo#e and /amesto spread to the parts of the dwelling

without being detected. *lternatively,there may be similar #inds of de)cienciesin dierent places in the dwelling, whichwill have an eect on the same ha!ard.


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0or instance, there might be dampness inthe walls of several rooms within thedwelling, in this case, an addition of those

de)ciencies of damp and mold growth willin/uence the assessment of the severity ofthe ha!ard, so the more widespread thedamp and mold, the greater the li#elihood

that harm could be caused ($%I, &''.


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%n environmental health The 1hilippines in cooperation with the 2orldHealth %rgani!ation (2H% have developed anaction plan to promote and maintain safety. It is#nown as the 1hilippine 3ational nvironmental

Health *ction 1lan (3H*1 for 45&4645&7.

The threat of environmental ha!ard to man has notbeen more emphasi!ed than at present times.8espite notable achievements in the healthindicators (e.g. increasing life e-pectancy at birth,decreasing infant death rates, etc., these are nowbeing threatened by changing environmentalscenarios such as industriali!ation and rapid

urbani!ation.


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The Institute of 9edicine (4554, has identi)ed threema:or determinates of intention to underta#e behavioral

change. They are+ attitudes of a person, communitynorms and the degree of self6e;cacy of a person.

9cdonalds (&''


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The report of a national /ood warning wor#shop(1roudley and Handmer, 4557 identi)ed many ofthe issues that need to be addressed in developingeective warning systems, including+ The necessityfor community engagement through increasedawareness and engagement> The need to improvethe communication of ris#> the importance ofrecogni!ing the target audience of /ood warnings>and the need for policy improvements in the are of

/ash /ood warnings.


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%n community behavior andattitude

In promoting safety standards within a community, onemain focus of change should be in the people?s attitudeand behavior. 1sychologists de)ne attitude as a learnedtendency to evaluate things in a certain way (9yers,

&'''. This includes evaluation of people, issues,ob:ects or events. 2hereas, behavior includeseverything that we do. such as thin#ing, feeling,writing, reading, imagining etc. Sometimes, it isassumed that people behave in accordance with their

attitudes, but psychologists have found out thatbehavior and attitude are not always aligned. 8ue tothis, a person might e-perience cognitive dissonance,wherein there is a psychological distress due tocon/icting thoughts or beliefs.


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1eople in the community tend to ad:ust on whatthey see in their surroundings. Those who havebeen living there for a signi)cant number of yearshave already adapted to the common norms in thearea. * certain attitude on how they approach theliving condition in their community have alreadyformed, integrated it as a part of their attitude. 8ueto this, people have developed an attitude in whichthey perceive as @safeA because of it being socially

accepted.


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%n outcome evaluation%utcome evaluations assess the eectiveness of aprogram in producing change. It focuses ondi;cult uestions that as# what happened toprogram participants and how much of a

dierence the program made for them ("inell,45&C.


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The intent of outcome evaluation is to assess theeectiveness of these activities with respect to thebene)ts achieved, suggest improvements, andpossibly provide direction for future activities

(Butcher D 9arsden, 455C.


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The biggest challenge to outcome evaluation ishow to measure outcomes in a meaningful andvalid way (1atton, 455


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Related studies


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* study conducted by $arter and 8ales (455


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Sattin and Brune#reef (&''& conducted a studyon home ha!ards and ris# for falls and in:uryevents on community dwelling older adults. The

result was+ the environmental ha!ards werepresent in nearly all6dwelling units. *fter ad:ustingfor important confounding factors, most of theseha!ards were not associated with an increased ris#

of fall in:ury events among older persons.Increasing numbers of tripping ha!ards, or totalha!ards in the dwelling unit, did not increase theris# of fall in:ury events, nor was there anincreasing trend in ris#.


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8e)nition of termsCommunity Diagnosis. Refers to the process by which the nurse

collects data about the community in order to identify factors whichmay in/uence the deaths and illnesses of the population to formulatea community a health nursing diagnosis and develop and implementcommunity health nursing interventions and strategies.

Community Organizing. Refers to a process where people who livein pro-imity to each other come together into an organi!ation thatacts in their shared self6interest. * core goal of community organi!ingis to generate durable power for an organi!ation representing thecommunity, allowing it to in/uence #ey decision6ma#ers on a range ofissues over time.

Congested neighborhood. Refers to the overcrowding of the localpopulation of Sitio $anumay in a limited area. $ongestion mayincrease the ris# of communicable diseases in the community.


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External Environment. Refers to theimmediate environment within a household.

Internal Environment. Refers to theenvironment within a household.

Narrow athways. Refers to wal#ways that

have limited space. 3arrow pathways in thecommunity may increase the ris#s for in:ury andfalls since individuals that tread on them havedi;culty balancing themselves.


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!roblem Oriented Community Diagnosis. Refers tothe assessment responding to a particular need. In thisstudy, the problems assessed were safely ha!ards in the

said community such as ric#ety bridges, absence of siderails on bridges and stairs, narrow pathways, andcongested neighborhood.

Ri"#ety bridge. * man6made bridge that is li#ely tobrea# or fall apart due to poor construction or age.Ric#ety bridges that are present in the community arepoorly constructed with the use of bamboo and plywoodmay increase the ris# for falls.

$afety %azards. Refers to a possible source of danger

that may cause harm if not properly intervened. SafetyHa!ards in the said community include ric#ety bridges,absence of side rails on bridges and stairs, narrowpathways, and congested neighborhood.

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