Rejection of Elizabeth Mason - Prologue Summer 2011

8/3/2019 Rejection of Elizabeth Mason - Prologue Summer 2011

1/12

ENEALOgY NOTES

The rejection of elizabeth MasonThe Case of a Free Colored Revolutionary W

By Damani Davis


2/12

I m y 1854, 90-ye - l Eliz beth m s , ee w c l C pbell C u ty, vi i i ,ppe e be e l c l Justice the Pe ce t pply

ili y wi w p i . 1 Sh cl h hece se husb , T s m s ls ee c l w s re luti y W ete wh h stlu i 1777, j i i ili i c p y b

i hi i C w ll C u y, n h C li .

T s m s w s e pp xi tely 5,000 a ic a e ic s

wh se e i P t i t ilit y ces u i the re luti y W . 2

I iti lly, st P t i t le e si clu i ge . ge e W shi t

w i i cli cc p a ic a ic ic i h

ces. ofci ls i s e the e c l ies we e ehe e tly pp se ,

p ci lly i uch S u h C li g i , wh l

pu i h i bl ck p icip i h i y h w .

But s e cits i p we the ee ew ec uits c ti ue t

i c e se, fci ls i st st tes e e tu lly welc e the se ice a ic

a ic p i u l l . 3 c bl ck c ui w ll w li i P i c , h y w quickly b b i u i h h

bee su e i ch ic sh t es ec uit e t e cits. n isti cti s

w i h p y b u y h bl ck c ui . 4

I ic lly, ly w c u i , h r lu i y W w ul b

h l a ic c fic pl y i p . a h i

i i p c , ll a ic a ic i i h U i S

ilit y w ul be ele te t se e te u its. n t u til the K e

W , P i H y S. u h i h

U i S c , w ul h b i p i . T

ili y l ll-bl ck u i w ci lly i b i 1954. 5

Opposite: Secretary o the Interior Robert McClelland confrmed or Pension Commissioner Loren P.Waldo that marriages or ree blacks were legal in Virginia and that black soldiers had indeed servedin the Revolutionary War and were eligible or pensions.

Prologue 5The Rejection o Elizabeth Mason


3/12

african american serviceduring theamerican revolutionTe le el a ic a e ic i l e e t i the

r lu i p up h i , , u the p te ti l bl ck ec uit. out the st tes th t i l-

l w bl ck p ticip ti , st est icte a ic a e ice list e t t th se wh we e le lly i e ti e s eebl ck .

Si ce the ee bl cks ep ese te ly li ite se e t h ll bl ck p pul i , l p i a ic

a ic w u ic lly xclu b c u h iu l . T hi hly p

l l b pl i c i b esist t t bl ck p ticip ti , whe e s st tes less epe -

l l b b p . Ti i f c i h u b bl ck ic h wcu i c i u u i hlu i .Te new E l st tes h the l est t t l a ic

a ic ili y p icip i pi h c h he ll bl ck p pul ti w s s llest i th t e i . 6

Sch l u h h ll bl ck p pul i i hnew E l st tes e t th t whites h less pp ehe -i luc c a ic a ic . at the pp site ext e e we e the he ily sl e-b se

pl t ti s cieties S uth C li ge i , wh b h l i l u bu h -ti i bl ck t ps. Si ce e s th se twst tes c t i e subst ti l bl ck j ities, the e p te ti l sl e e lt utwei he y c ce s

B i i h i i . 7

vi i i , m yl , n th C li , h we e , i p h x p i i h l by S u h C li ge i . outsi e new E l , vi i i ec uite e liste e a ic a e ic se ice e th y h . Lik h h , vi i i -ic i bl ck c ui h wh w l lly c -

iz bl ck ul . Lik ci iz hpl i , vi i i w h i c ui i i h l . n ly w hh p ibili y l , bu l w l c stly p pe ty i est e t t lu ble t isk l i h u h i ju y h.

despite these ese ti s, si i c t i ity vi i i bl ck c ui c i l bl ck wh

w ll w i h pl c h i w . a y l h l wh u h h ili y

se ice c ul h e e his sl es se e i his ste , te with the ee e t th t the sl e w ul be ew e with

w .n th C li s p licies we e si il t vi i i s,

while m yl w s the ly s uthe st te t c pletely uth ize u est icte a ic a e ic e list e tse less whethe the ec uit w s e sl e ee.I ch h , h bl ck c ui wh h ci lly l l i i h

u its s thei white c p t i ts. Such w s the c se T m , wh li i n h C li ; u hi Pe syl i , S uth C li , n th C liu i h w ; l i vi i i . 8

thomas and elizabeth mason fromthecommonwealth of virginia

m L ui C u y, vi i i , whhe et ie Eliz beth ailst ck i 1791. 9 Te

i e ce e y w s pe e t l c l Episc p lchu ch p esi e e by re e e d u l s. Tem s s l te e t C pbell C u ty, whe e they

i 50 y .Six chil e we e b t the m s s, but ly e

the chil e , T s m s , J ., w s li e wheEliz b h l h p i cl i . T l chil , hm s s 60-ye - l u hte , h ie ece tly, justp i h cl i . i y- -y - l T , J ., wh

w c ib ucc ul bu ch i h Ly chbuket, se e s e the wit esses p i e

i i yi hi h i y.Eliz beth p i e speci c et ils he husb s

se ice, st ti th t he h se e th ee sep te t u s.I h , ix- h u , h h B l

Whi m h v ll y i P yl i wi h c p y.H lu c i , h h , u - C p i Wil C l l m 10

g . H i g C , S u h C li .T hi l ic w h h - hu i 1787, i u C p i Wil C l l

m , u i which h h b l guilC u H u i n h C li . Eliz b h i h e ch his th ee t u s, T s w s h bly isch e . 11

Eliz beth expl i e th t she k ew these et ils bec useh h qu ly h [hi ] c ci -cu c which ccu u i hi ic lh qu ly hi di ch .

Opposite: ElizabethMasons 1854 pen-sion applicationbegins with hersworn declarationthat she was thewidow o ThomasMason, a Freeman o color, anda Private who

ought in theRevolutionaryWar.

52 Prologue Summer 2011


4/12


5/12

Above:Witness Gravitt Edwards testifed that the Masons always passed as man and wi e and never heard it denied by anyone; they raised a large amily o childrenwho are all recognized as his children and pass in his name. Below:Edwards also confrmed that he and his neighbors never questioned Thomas Masons service as asoldier in the Revolution and that Mason was a respected member o the community.


6/12

I 1832 T s h p cee e t le his w pe sicl i cc i h h p i c hy . cili h p c , h b i h ic p i e t vi i i l wye , m j. J es B. risque, t

wh h ub i h c pi hi i ch p p .m s risque the t ele t ethe t T ss -ti e n th C li , whe e they the e the pe ti e tcu i c l i hi ic .U tu tely, m s ie oct be 17, 1832, while

he m j risque we e p ep i his cl i . Uphis e th, his l wye b e the petiti , the

c .

elizabeth mason files apension claim as awidow

we ty-tw ye s l te , Eliz beth eci e t pu sueh cl i wi w b c u h w h y l i sc cely ble t w lk ee e the be -

. 12 By h i , m j ri qu h l i . B h h ili ch ili ly h u h ri qu

p p bu w u bl l c y h c l -i m . T b c h cu hiEliz beths petiti equi e he t p i e iti li c i h wi i ub-

i h cl i . U , h li h ic vi i i y Ch l W. S h .Te l ss m s s ilit y ec s w s ce t i ly

j setb ck Eliz beth, but St th belie e hec ul c llect sufcie t e i e ce t subst ti te the cl i .S h ck w T p y c hiili i ic i n h C li . H c i hst te c pt lle n th C li ce ti e letteh , I, Willi J. Cl k , C p ll Public

acc u . . . h by c i y h i pp c iy fce, the p y e ts e by s i St te tu y p mili y ic i h r lu i y

W s ll ws t wit: T s m s , e st tim ic lu . 13

I iti t the p y ec , St th c llecte si ei i y l wi wh w

w ll cqu i wi h m . B j i , WilliLee i , husb wi e ge e m y g ube

we e l -ti e white ei hb s i C pbell C u ty;g i E w w whi i hb wh h k wm s b ck i L uis C u ty; S uel ge e, eebl ck i hb , wh l wi h T m , J ., wh ly h a ic a ic wi .

In 1884, granddaughter Elizabeth Merchant o Lynchburg, Virginia, fled an unsuccess ul claimor Bounty, Pension and Back-pay Horse & Land granted to my Grand ather or the War o 1776 Revolutionary War.

Prologue 55


7/12

g itt E w s h k w the c uple the l est,h i et m s 63 ye s be e s y u , whe the e s l ie st e n th C lit L uis C u ty ie Eliz beth ailst ck.E w c h h h qu ly m i ch p p h hi i hb [h ]

ub qu i hi ic l i ; he t espect w s p i hi cc u t his h i se e

hi c u y, p i il w h ll w hi wi h hi i hb h h p c l .

m y K. g ub w i b u h l il hm ily i C pb ll C u y k w h ll.She testi e th t she he husb , ge e, we e ctu-lly isiti he the , m s. Elle l we s, the y th tm s ie . She s i th t she e e be e the y cle ly b c u w hi h h p quickly hi hb h l , which i ic h

i which m u h b h l . 14

B j i Willi L i C pb llC u ty c cu e with g ube s st te e ts, testi yi

h i w c k wl i h h mh i h W h r lu i h h y h h hi lk b u hi ic h h y y i . T Eliz b h -i , h h y li h

wi h i y k wl h , w lw y cu ly b li p b uch;h h y i ily chil ix i u b . . . ;h h b li p h b i l w ully i

w u i lly b li , [I] h h p b li c ic . h k w h ily pp xi ly 50 y , i h k w h m b u 41 y . 15

S uel ge e, the ee c l , h k wthe m s s b ut 50 ye s b sic lly ec ppeh i h h wi . H h qu ly

m i i l i ch p p i yi hi -ic c ll c h h h lw y p k ih u . H l b c b hcc u t m s m j risque p ep i petiti



8/12

Opposite: AttorneyCharles Stathamvigorously ap-pealed the PensionO fces denial o Elizabeth Masonsapplication, notingthat ree personso color are butlittle noticed orcared or.

h p i li C w ll C u y, n hC li , b i i i l i c .

g c cu h ri qu h c ll c ll hcu , bu m i h . H u h

c b te , the cl i the e i e u tte e tsi ce whe s i risque ls ie ; th u h ili e tse ch h s bee e his p pe s by his u h-

m . W h y c b u . 16

charles w. statham fightsthedenial of apension

d pi a y S h , h P i culti tely e ie Eliz beths pe si cl i . Te c -i i p i , L P. W l , i h i i i lejecti lette . W l ue th t the ecl ti sh ulh b b c u c b Ju ic h P c .

Ti p licy qui h ch cl i pp b c u c i hi h i c

c ib u h h ic which h p i w s cl i e . He u the te th t the ce ti c te p -i by h C p ll n h C li i sh w th t the s l ie e e e t i [the] ce ti c te

w c l . Ti ly, h i [h ] b p p ly bli h . i lly, W l j c hpplic i b c u h cl i cl i ic ih Li h a y, whil h p y h w ili i

ic ly. 17

a i S h i i ly p he i l. I his eply lette , he esse e ch ejecti p i tby p i t. a i st the st bjecti c ce i the c u t c , h xpl i h l i i cy h Ju ic

P c y i hi vi i i . H w : Y u e ubtly [ sic ] w e th t Justices c p se uC u r c h i p i i Ju ic , whichc u h hi h ju i ic i i b p -

ly h Ju i y h S . I c , Ib li h h hi h p w u

Ju ic . W h c u y Ju ll i vi i i ,h u h w h wh i c ll di ic Ci cui

Ju , b ci l u b c u i i hiCi cui .He expl i e th t ue t he ility, Eliz beth m s

w s u ble t ppe i pe c u t be e ist ict ju e.re i Justice J h P. K i ht, the justice be e whEliz b h h h cl i , S h hK i h h :

le t the be ch whe e he w s p esi i s e [which]c stitute C u t rec , we t with e

h C u h u i i hi l w , k h d cl i . H c i h i bili y tte i pe C u t, cc u t l e i i y, which i li lly u , i w ul b i -p ibl h h C u h u . Sh i90 ye s l e y i , is physic lly u blet e b ut. I it is e e s esse ti l by thed p , I will h P i i Ju ic i ih , c i y h i bili y i pC u , I h h h . 18

Tu , h c h h ul y u c isuch c ses, h s bee c plie with, i s uch s it isspeci c lly set th th t, the e s why m s. m si pp i p C u , w by b ily i i y i uc by l .

statham ge ts someassistance from

north carolinas comptrollerre i the sec bjecti cl i i th t the

c i c h c p ll n h C li ht i e ti e T s m s s ee c l ,

St th c u te e th t such isti cti w s e h u ll i y c i c i

n h C li vi i i . B h bl ck whi ,i p , h i mili i , i i c i b i c l , which I h p wille e th t bjecti . But i the dep t e t thi ksp c y h c , I will p cu h l ce ti c te the C pt lle , th t these ce ti c tes e ep ci y c l . I , S h b i c i l

the n th C li C pt lle s ofce c ihi u , i :

I, Willi J. Cl k , C p ll Public acc u. . . h by c i y, i i i y c i c the 22 eb u y l st, especti T s

m s ; th t I h e e y c e ully e-ex i e theec s especti hi , th t I e y cle ly h pi i h h p y w ll e the s e , s ce t i s I c be

wi h u p i i p , which i p -sible, th t the e w s but e the e. Iu h c i y h w d c ip i S l i l i y c , h h y p h

i h r lu i y y, bu h



9/12

Opposite:Thirtyyears a ter theoriginal pensionclaim, Stathamrea frmed hisbelie that thedenial o beneftsto ElizabethMason had beenan injustice.

h p y c k i c lby which I i h b bl y wh h i m

w . 19

Tu , i li h h n h C li c , S hc h i h b c y h pplic by hi i ic by i C i c , w i bu

ju i p u & cl i , h h i h Tm wh wi w w p , p i , h h i u i h c y. a i h hi bj c i , h h i h

bee p pe ly est blishe , St th ske , wh t elseu I p h i wh c c bu ? P i ti ut the u ique le l s ci l situ ti bl ck , h u ,r c ll c h h i p c le t kept with th t tte ti which is p i t

whi , i i c h i uby the mi iste t the Cle ks fce, s l w t

hi i h c xi , i h c wh hkes ilu e t etu the i e whites.

T i i i h , l b b i h c , h u h h y lly i -

i y h , bu h c i wi h u h u u l Cl k c i c lic i i li h c whi .

J. S. P ll , S h i i W hi , w i il l xpl i i h i cul y cu ithe i es ee bl cks. I his lette t C issi e

W l , P ll uche the uthe ticity them i xpl i i :

I e t the te i e T s &Eliz beth m s , it is equ lly i p ssible t p -uce y such testi y i the the kiqui , bu , l pu i i h w , hh y i u b chil & h hw li i i l & pu bl . T -i p pl c l i wi h a ic bli w ll k w , i hi c u y, quiu y h h i i l i y li le e white e , i ie by e e Cle y , s t bli t y up t ke tte c , y h i h h i c i

Sl h l i S , i h i & h l p p y ilw ys ec ize , twithst i the e y be st tute l ws vi i i e ul ti thei i es,

which w u b h c . 20

Pe si C issi e W l w s t e e w e, i i-ti lly, th t i es we e le l ee bl cks i vi i i .o Ju e 10, 1854, he se t lette t Sec et y theI te i r be t mcClell , ski whethe such -i w l lly c iz :

Si : Te pplic ti Eliz beth m s pe -i u h ac July 7 h 1838, h wi w T s m s the p pe s i which e he e-

wi h i p h ll wi qu i , which is espect ully sub itte y u ecisi . . . .C the el ti husb wi e exist betweeee c l e pe ple i the St te vi i i the

c y i ki pl c i i S , c i u h wi , up h h h hu -

b , his wi w, withi the e i the l ws C , i p i wi w c

lu i y l i ? T i p c hi qu -i , h wi h h c h I h cc h l w ci i h S u h S , will,i i h p , xcu h c hi p i hi p i i h d p . 21

S c y h I i mcCl ll p h thi h s bee isc e e i the St tutes C e vi i i p hibiti i e betwee ee e es tep i e th se wh h e e te e i t th t el ti , y h l l i h i ci h h c y, hite i e is exp essly ec ize , c seque tly le lize , betwee se ts [sl es] betwee eep [ l ]. mcCl ll hi

p :I y b i c ll y u i h ac asse bly vi i i , e title a act e ul t-

i i cipli i h mili i , m y 1777 . . .th t ll ee pe s s, hi e se ts, pp e tices we ei c b ll . T ki ic i which ul &c w b pl y i

p isi e i st the e l e t [ sic ] sl es, by equi i y e ul tt t exhibit

To learn more about S i chi r lu i y W ic , www.archives.gov/research/military/reference-reports.html. r chi a ic a ic hi y i h n i l a chi , www.archives.gov/research/african-americans/. h g l y n u i Prologue, www.archives.gov/publications/prologue/genealogy-notes.html.



10/12


11/12

c qu c h ch p li ic l cli cb ck i 1854 wh h i i l cl i w .

St th expl i e , I lw ys belie e it w s justcl i c h c w, will h w i , h u h i w i cul p h i h

cl c p pl ; wh I pu i hi cl i , Ik ew e tw th t [h ] bee te th tc , bu b i w h p li ic l i u

p h p i h cli c c i c l y u i h 1850 . 24 S h c ib hily, i :Te s l ie w s c l e c si e ble st -i , wi h p p y, i , h ily, whichhe e uc te . He w s ie i Chu ch cc i th i h h Epi c p l Chu ch; bu h c Chu ch h w y y . I

w s p e by the best citize s the ei hb h , wh h k w the y ye s, th t they li et ethe s wi e, h chil e , we elw y c iz wi , bu i w l lly c iz , b c u u l w i -

i es we e t especte . Si ce teh [Ci il] W , u di ic mili y Cissue e p u ci it l w ul i e

wh h y li h wi , hvi i i Le isl tu e p sse s act c i the

h g l . 25

By h i , i 1884, S h hi l y h b ete , but the Ci il W . Te e is Ch les W.St th liste s lieute t the Lee (vi i i )

a ill y i h C y. 26

al h u h h p i cl i w j c , l uch Eliz b h m i lu bl h li p i p ii t the expe ie ces pe s s c l wh se e u -i the a e ic W I epe e ce. alth u h twp i l h , j c p i cl i c i h l ic l hi ic l i ii c h pplic w c u h i c p i i l i i . h wh h p i , h j c i w cl i ic . Buh bu i i h c b u i uch li lu p i y.

revolutionary war recor dsat thenational archi ves

re luti y W ec s e hel t the n ti l a chi es Buil i i W shi t , d.C., c

c i c h c ui i c b - li . I pp l by h ac , h

i i c i w i h p y b u y - uch c ui . 22

T h i i l l bj c i by h P i c w s th t the petiti ecl ti cl i e se ice ih Li h a y whil h c i c n hC li h w ly p y mili i ic .

m y h l i i h a ic r lu i we liste i st te iliti u its, the Pe si acts 1832 1838, u which T Eliz b h hppli , c ll ic , wh h h y ih C i l Li , p , lu , ili i .St th ue th t he h sse te the e y be i -i h h wh l h hu b ic w i hiliti , th t he lu tee e the st ti e t ethe

with his wh le c p y C swell C u ty, n thC li w P yl i .

a y i i c y h u h ccui ub qu h w w i by S h i -

i W hi . a x p S h c cluhi l , i , Ti cl i h b u u tte e t e t while, bec use ee pe s s c l e but little tice c e . Such cl i se e l ke , the testi y is e bscu e, s

they e e h e y cqu i t ces but th se th t li ej i i h . I h p hi cc u , h h

d p will b lenient i c b wi h u i i ul . 23

the value to researchersof arejected pension claim

Eliz beth m s p sse w y be e e e ecei ihe wi ws pe si . ab ut 30 ye s l te i 1884,

u hte the m s s, Eliz beth me ch t, Ly chbu , vi i i , tte pte t cl i he -the s B ck-p y H se & L we t hi s

r lu i y W . T P i c j cme ch ts cl i , expl i i t he l wye , m ses ibbs W hi , d.C., h i c i h h

the wi w h bee pp e i the i i l petiti ,h w bli i y c h i .

.P.g. Cl k , h c i i p i hti e, ls c t cte Eliz beth m s s e l wye ,Ch l W. S h , i i b u hl c . T w l ly S h , xpl i h h b -lie e th t Eliz beths e i l w s i justice pe h ps



12/12

1 Revolutionary War Pension and Bounty Land Warrant ApplicatioFiles, 18801900 (n ti l a chi es mic l Public ti m804),ll 1647, 622676.

2 I this ess y the te P t i t is use s p pe u ti c l i wh upp a ic i p c .

3 Tis ch e i a e ic p licy with e t a ic a e icc ui c l b ic c u u i

the B itish a ys e ts t ec uit bl cks. L e u be s bl cksctu lly j i e the B itish ces s pp se t the P t i t ces, hi w p ci lly u i h u h . T Bl ck L y li

we e ti te t j i the B itish s e s chie i secu ih i w i p h wi ly u c p cl -i by g . H y Cli J h mu y, E l du .

4 S B j i Qu l , Te Negro in the American Revolution(Ch pel Hill, nC: 1961); g y B. n sh, Te Forgotten Fifth: African Americans in the Age of Revolution(C b i e, ma: 2006); n l B. P i i , a L cy I i : T a ic a icCitize -S l ie the C ti e t l a y, Army History ( ll2002).

5 n h, Te Forgotten Fifth, p. 10.6 Qu l , Te Negro in the American Revolution,p. 56.7 Ibi ., p. 67; m y l bl ck i h S u h, p ci lly i

S u h C li , g i , vi i i , w ul c u lly p h B i i h i ic i h i k .

8 Ibi ., pp. 56, 58.9 P ul Hei e , Free African Americans of North Carolin

Virginia, and South Carolina from the Colonial Period to About 182 (B l i : Cl l , 2005), l. 2, p. 816.

10 T u y p ibly n h C li ili ic C p . Willi Wil C l. Willi m .

11 Revolutionary War Pension and Bounty Land Warrant ApplicatioFiles,m804, ll 1647, 622676.

12 Ibi .13 Ibi ., 649.14 Ibi ., 657658; 668669.15 Ibi ., 653656.16 Ibi ., 674675.17 Ibi ., 634637.18 Ibi .19 Ibi ., 647.20 Ibi ., 640642.21 rg 48, r c h c h S c y h I i ,

P te ts miscell e us di isi , E t y 248 rep ts theC issi e Pe si s C ce i appe ls, 1849-1881. (arCId 721409).

22 Revolutionary War Pension and Bounty Land Warrant ApplicatioFiles,m804, ll 1647, 643645.

23 Ibi ., 634637.24 Ibi ., 651652.25 Ibi ., 659660.26 cis au usti oreilly, Te Fredericksburg Campaign:

Winter War on the Rappahannock (B r u , La: 2006).27 m st the ec s the a e ic a y n y i the cus-

t y the W dep t e t we e est ye by e n e be 8,1800. u h l ccu i au u 1814, wh B i i h pbu e e e t buil i s i W shi t . 1873 t 1914,h W d p pu ch c ll c r lu i y Wec s p i te i stituti s i i i u ls the

l ci .28 h l n i l a chi ic l public i i -

clu e Revolutionary War Rolls, 17751783(m860), Index toCompiled Service Records of American Naval Personnel Who SeDuring the War (m879).

notes

Damani Davis is chi ist i the n ti l a chi es rese ch Supp t B ch, Cust eSe ices di isi , W shi t , d.C. He h s lec-tu e t l c l e i l c e e ces a ic

a e ic hist y e e l y. He is u te C ppi St teC ll i B l i c i hi m.a. i hi y h hi SU i i y i C lu bu , hi .

Author

be u i tw i ups ec s: the Wd p C ll c i r lu i y W r c(rec g up 93); the rec s the vete s

a i i i (r c g up 15). 27 m h -i l l l y c b cc ic l i l il bl li l ic l i , uch

Ancestry.com Footnote.com, t the sites -iz i lik h n i l S ci y d u h h

a e ic re luti (nSdar). Te ic l e e-c s i clu e Revolutionary War Pension and Bounty-Land Warrant Application Files (n i l a chi mic lPublic ti m804) , which c t i s ll the c te ts ll h p i /b u y-l l ; Selected Records FromRevolutionary War Pension and Bounty-Land-Warrant Application Files (m805), which p uc ll c

l p l c i i up 10 p c(but ly si i c t e e l ic l cu e ts l el i clu ); Compiled Service Records of AmericanNaval Personnel & Members of the Departments of the Quartermaster General & the Commissary General of Military Stores Who Served During the Revolutionary War (m880); Compiled Service Records of Soldiers WhoServed in the American Army During the Revolutionary War (m881). 28

rese che s i te este i the speci c hist ic lb ck u a ic a e ic re luti y se -ice c e e t Te Negro in the Military Service of the United States, 16391886 (m858), which c i c pil ti publishe u publishe p i y s u ces l with ew i i l cu e ts ex-

c i l c y u c . T n i l a chi es ls publishe Speci l List n . 36, List of Black Servicemen Compiled From the War Department Collection of Revolutionary Records (1974). T nSdar h l c pil lu bl c ll c i u c l i i i h i lu Forgotten Patriots:

African American and American Indian Patriots in the Revolutionary War (2008). P


Documents

Rejection of Elizabeth Mason - Prologue Summer 2011