Reinventing India as Innovation Nation

R. A. MashelkarChairman National Innovation Foundation

President – Global Research AllianceNational Research Professor

NITI AAYOG17 March 2017

A Disclaimer!

View from my personal lens Lessons from my own book of life!

CURRENT SCIENCE, VOL. 109, NO. 6, 25 SEPTEMBER 2015

Recent Visioning

Initiatives

GOI bringing Innovation from periphery to Centre Stage!

Changing Indian Policy Frameworks…

• 1958 – Science Policy Statement

• 1983 – Technology Policy Resolution

• 2003 – Science & Technology Policy

• 2011 – S&T & Innovation Policy

• 2016 – Atal Innovation Mission, Game Changing Innovation in Action…

‘’The time for incremental change is long over, the current age is one that

requires transformational change that comes only with drastic policy

reform’’

27 July 2016

PM’s Appeal for Game Changing

PM’s vision 2022: A ‘New, Inclusive India’ for poor, middle class and women

March 12, 2017

Accelerated

Innovation led GrowthInclusive

Setting Ambitions

From Leapfrogging to Pole Vaulting

From Leap Frogging to Pole Vaulting!

• Mobile Telephones (Including Jio now..)

• Aadhar

• JAM

• Demonetisation

• Moving to paperless, cashless, presenceless society…

1

3

Total Innovation

Technological Innovation

Business Model

Innovation

Workflow Innovation

Organizational Innovation

Social Innovation

System Delivery

Innovation

Policy Innovation

Making Seemingly Impossible, Possible!

Despite

‘Income Inequality’

ensure

‘Access Equality’

Paradigm Shift

Getting More (performance)

From Less (resource)

For More (people)

MLM

MLM is not about …

Stripping products and services to make

them cheap, somehow

MLM is about ……

Giving High Quality at Affordable Prices!

Innovation’s Holy Grail - MLM

C. K. Prahalad

R. A. Mashelkar

Harvard Business Review- July, August 2010

Special Session

More From Less For More

16 Nov 2010

613,991 Views at 6 AM today!

Affordability Acceptability

Indian Model of Innovation

for Inclusive Growth

Accessibility

Anjani Mashelkar

Inclusive Innovation

Award

Can You Believe…

Rs 5 for an ECG Test?

Rs 10 for a Hemoglobin Test?

$1 for a Breast Cancer Screening?

Personal 12 Lead

ECG event monitor

Portable- Credit Card

Size

5 Rs - Cost per ECG!

Rs 5 Per Test ECG Device(Young Rahul Rastogi)

Download

the free

Mobile App

Touch

Sanket

with

thumbs

Get ECG and

interpretation

in Mobile app

in 15

seconds

Report/Trend

Sharing by

Email,

Whatsapp..

Sanket – Digital Cardiac Care Platform

Best Practice

Invasive with Needles

Cost per Test - Rs150

Next Practice

Non-Invasive, No Needles

Cost per Test - Rs 10

Rs 10 Non-invasive Hemoglobin Test!(Young Myshkin Ingawale)

Making High Technology Work for Everyone

High Technology

Photoplethysmography + Spectrophotometry+ Advanced Software for Photon Scattering

India’s ranking in breast cancer deaths globally

#1

Less than 1% are screened early

50% survival rate!

Startling Facts

$1 Breast Cancer Screening(Young Mihir Shah)

iBreastExam Low cost tactile sensor that

measures tissue stiffness difference in real-

time, non-invasively and without pain

Ultra Portable

Accurate

Minimal Training

Wireless

Cloud Connected

Instant Results

Affordable ExcellenceAnjani Mashelkar Inclusive Innovation Award

Indian Innovation:

The Story of Pleasure and Pain

Pleasure:

When Ashok Jhunjhunwala

develops wireless local loop

technology!

Pain:

When his technology has to get

implemented in Brazil and

Madagascar before moving to

India!

Pleasure:

When a great leader in Indian

Science publishes some

breakthrough scientific results!

Pain:

A Japanese company takes

regular patents based on this

research!

In other words…

Pleasure:

Indian Science will make money!

Pain:

But in Japan not in India!

Pleasure:

Indian pharma company invents a

new chemical entity for head &

neck cancer!

Pain:

It is forced to shift clinical

research to expensive US due to

the challenges with Indian

regulatory system!

Money into KnowledgeInnovation

FinancingKnowledge into Money

Research & Innovation

Money to Knowledge to Money

Indian

Innovation

Economy

Culture

Of Innovation

CriticalInnovation

Building

Blocks

Talent

Technology

Trust

Inclusive Growth Driver

Next Practice

Not

Best Practice

Inspiration

A World Class Indian Innovation Ecosystem

Discover Invent Make in India

New

Policies

Govt.

Society

Instns.

New Value

Systems

New

Structures

iPhone

manufactured in

China - 4.5 million

jobs

Apple profit - $350

per iPhone

Foxconn profit -

$10 per iPhone

2% Brawn - 98% Brain!

Make in India for the World

TAL celebrating

dispatch of 5,000th

Advanced

Composite Floor

Beam to Boeing for

787-10 Dreamliner

Aircraft

Invent in India

and

Make in India

21 Years Down the Line!

1165 R&D Centres by MNCs

928 MNCs

323,000 Scientists and Engineers

Bengaluru displaces Tokyo as the most preferred R&D

destination by MNCs (Capegemini study)

Moving from mere cost arbitrage to value arbitrage in cutting

edge technology

India’s Emergence as Global R&D Platform

Indian IQ capable of Generating IP!

Companies

Share of US Granted Patents

from Indian R&D Centre to the

overall Global Contribution in

%

2003

Share of US Granted Patents

Contribution from Indian R&D

Centre to the overall Global

Contribution in %

2013

Novell ≈ 4% 28%

Symantec Negligible 24%

Adobe Negligible 15%

Honeywell Negligible 11%

Oracle Negligible 10%

Texas Instruments ≈ 3% 9%

Cisco Negligible 5%

GE Bangalore R&D Centre’s share of the overall US granted patents

increased twelve folds in ten years from 1% (2003) to 12% (2013)

First EverReverse Transfer of Technology from CSIR-NCL

New Generation Thrombolytic Molecules IMTECH

License to Nostrum Pharma

US$ 150 million in

milestone payments

+ royalty

Natural

Streptokinase

2002

Clot Specific

Streptokinase

2009

Recombinant

Streptokinase

2006

Innovation moving from periphery to centrestage in Industry!

View from my personal lens as Chairman of-

• Reliance Innovation Council

• Thermax Innovation Council

• Marico Innovation Foundation

• KPIT Technology Innovation Council

• Persistence Innovation Council…

Buy

Make

Make to Buy better

Buy to Make better

Make it Together

What should be India’s Technology Strategy?

PPP 2.0

Doing it Differently

Doing it Big

Doing it Sustainably

PPP 2.0 Should Lead to Shared…

Risk

Skills

Assets

Reward

Investment

Responsibility

New Millennium Indian Technology Leadership Initiative(2000 –)

51

• India’s biggest public private partnership in

technology

• Talent, Technology, Trust

• Grand Challenges seeking game changing solutions

leading to Affordable Excellence

• Bold financial instruments

• Not best practice but next practice!

DSK Mobilis selling in tens of

thousands only!

Not in Millions!

Public procurement support as

proposed in the Start-up India

Action Plan would have made a big

difference!

$35 Tablet - Made By India-But?

NMITLI driven Fuel Cell Program

PEMFC Ecosystem

Technology development

Vendor Development

Demonstration and on-field validation

in PPP mode

Fundamental research and

innovation

Roadmap:

Goal:

To achieve wide spread use of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel

Cells by making the technology affordable and accessible.

NMITLI Team

First ever Multifunctional Electrodesfor Enhanced Performance

59

First ever PIL Membranes for Enhanced Proton Conductivity

• Breakthrough Patents

• 200% performance than commercial

benchmark PBI membranes

Anita et al., J. Mater. Chem. A, 2014, 2, 1444960

WO 2012/035556A1

Excellent membrane formability

Excellent strength

Reducing Capex: PEMFC stacks

INR 0.3 M /kWImported components

INR 0.15 M /kWIndigenized components

120183, 41%

8550, 3%

25566, 9%

11300, 4%

122226, 42%

5000, 1%

MEA material cost MEA conversion cost

Stack material cost Stack material conv cost

BoP material cost BoP assembly cost

3 KWe LT-PEMFC cost including BoP(performance improvement)

INR 0.10 M/kWImproved performance

Make in India: Total Indigenization

Components Vendor

Polymer-graphite composite plates M/s. Precision Tool Room and Molding House,

Pune

Membranes and membrane electrode assemblies CSIR spin-out (AMPS Innovations Pvt Ltd)

Machining of flow fields and other features on

BPP, machining of end plates, fixture for aligning

MEA components, current collector plates

M/s. Enson Gages and Tools Ltd, Nashik; M/s.

Gargi Systems, Pune; M/s. MDL Engineers,

Chennai; M/s. SAS Industries, Chennai; M/s.

Akash Industries, Chennai; M/s. Gayath

Industries, Chennai; M/s. Vijayalakshmi

industries, Chennai

Gaskets M/s. Shree Bhagwant Rubber Ind, Pune; M/s.

Ganesh Ram industries/Auro Sri Industries,

Chennai

BOP, Power Conditioning M/s. K-PAS Instronics Ltd., Chennai

Porous carbon papers M/s. HEG, Bhopal

Pt/C catalyst M/s. Procat Tech LLP, Mumbai

62

Technology + Policy =

Global Business Leadership

• 400,000 towers with DG sets

• Operating Cost: USD 2 billion

• Environmental Cost: PM/noise

• PEMFCs: H2 (cylinders or Methanol

reforming)

• Higher (> 35%) efficiency; no

PM/noise/vibration

DG set

India has moved to the third place and

fastest growing base for startups

IITs - 4th largest producers ofUnicorn Startups

1.Stanford (51)

2.Harvard (37)

3.University of California (18)

4. Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) (12)

5.Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)

6.University of Pennsylvania

7.University of Oxford

8.Tel Aviv University

9.Cornell

10.University of South Carolina

Everyone is Someone!

Democratisation of Innovation

Innovation by the people & for the People

India does not mean 1.30 bn mouths

India means 1.30 bn minds!

Innovation Led

Grassroots Entrepreneurship

National Innovation Foundation

Pedal Powered Washing Machine

Modified Walker with Adjustable Legs by 13 Year old!

Shalini Kumari from Patna: IGNITE 2011 Award

Permanent Exhibition of Grassroots Innovations at Rashtrapati Bhavan

Global Innovation Index

India vs China

2013 2014 2015 2016

Ra

nk

Year

20122011

62

66

76

81

6664

India

35 29 29

2529

34

China

What changed in 2016 for India?

Global R&D companies’ avg. expenditure (top 3) 20

Domestic market scale 3

Research talent in businesses 31

Industrial designs by origin 72

Additional Indicators introduced India’s Ranking

Graduates in Science & Engineering 8

Excerpt from the letter by

Dr Francis Gurry- DG, WIPO

“I share your view that non-technological innovations

play an important role in fostering productivity gains and

overall economic growth.

I agree that greater efforts to fill this gap would be

desirable, and we are closely monitoring the work of

international organizations that strive to make progress in

this area.”

Dr Francis Gurry

So, what is India good at?

Indicators India Ranking

ICT services exports, % total trade 1

Domestic market scale, bn PPP$ 3

Growth rate of PPP$ GDP/worker,% 6

Graduates in Science and Engineering,% 8

Ease of protecting minority investors 8

And what can we do better?

Indicators India Ranking

Ease of starting a business 114

Ease of resolving insolvency 110

Ease of paying taxes 109

Pupil-teacher ratio, secondary 103

ICT access 108

Environmental performance 110

1. Provide data in which we provide zero data today – This is easy

2. Add indicators, which represent not only technological

innovation but also non-technological innovation (business

model, system delivery, workflow, process, policy, sharing, rapid

inclusion……..).

3. Improve performance in ranking in which we are low – This is

long term – but some possible in short term, e.g. ICT access.

Strategies for improving our GII ranking

India’s Aspirations - NITI Aayog

Speed

Scale

Sustainability

ATAL Grand Challenges

Could we make 200 million illiterates literate in 5 years?

Yes! We have a breakthrough technology!

Computer Based Functional Literacy

Computer Based Functional Literacy

• Based on the theories of cognition, language

and communication

• Emphasizes on learning words rather than

alphabets

• Method focuses on reading

Parameter Conventional CBFL

Duration 200 hrs in 9-18 months 45 hrs in 3-4 months

Skills Required Professional Teachers Preraks: para-teachers

Dropout Rate High Low (10-12%)

Spoken and Visual Medium Not possible Possible

Disruptive Innovation Learning Alphabets Recognizing 596 Pictures

Cost High Fractional ($2)

Time for 90% literacy in India ~ 20 years 5 years

Computer Based Functional Literacy – 4X Faster

One MP-One Idea

• Every Member of Parliament will be ‘champion of innovation’ in

his/her constituency

• Individuals and organizations from every constituency will submit

their ideas

• An innovative public-private partnership model based on an

exciting auctions process to drive implementation

• Yearly competition for driving an innovation movement.

• Govt approval for spending MP-LAD funds obtained

• But…

Innovation Led Accelerated Inclusive Growth

Reinventing India as Innovation Nation

1. Everyone is Someone – Democratizing Innovation

2. Speed, Scale, Sustainability – Bold Policy Reforms

3. Affordable Excellence – Indian Inclusive Innovation Mission?

4. Talent, Technology, Trust – Startup Nation

5. Leap Frog to Pole Vault – Science 2.0, Education 3.0, Industry 4.0

1930-50

Individual

excellence

1950-70

Self

reliance

1970-90

Technology

denial driven

S&T

1990-2010

IP generation and

global competitiion

2010-30

Global S&T

leadership

Changing Face of STI in India

ISRO Spirit (Mangalyaan+104+?)

I in India must stand for ‘Innovation’ & not ‘imitation’

Thank You!