REHABILITATION OF “VADU CRISULUI” RAILROAD BRIDGE PILE

8/13/2019 REHABILITATION OF VADU CRISULUI RAILROAD BRIDGE PILE

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ANALELE UNIVERSITII DIN ORADEAFASCICULA CONSTRUCII I INSTALAII HIDROEDILITARE

REHABILITATION OF VADU CRISULUI RAILROAD BRIDGE

PILE

HULPU Trifan-Alexanr!"

TIRLA Oli#$i!%

ABSTRACT

The extensive rehabilitation works of transportation infrastructure are required bythe increase of the traffic intensity in respect to speed and safety issues.Moreover,

important damages are developed as consequences of local instability or a landslide

activity in the zone of interest. When developing proects of road rehabilitation involving

the increase of the traffic lanes, the landslide risk is increased and thus mitigation

measures are necessary to consider.

There are active measures and passive measures, and strongly orientated to protect

the risk elements against life threat and property loss.This paper presents design and

rehabilitation proect for !adu "risului railway bridge pile.

Keywords: Grouting, railroad, bridge pile

"& INTRODUCTIONRailroads are constantly looking for cost-effective ways and means of

maintaining existing bridges and keeping them open to rail traffic due to the

high capital cost of constructing new bridges.

The subsurface soils, being natural deposits, tend to introduce

unexpected variability in the subsoil that is not revealed by the soil

exploration or during construction. [!.

This situation could lead to costly delays in the process. "n addition,

errors in construction of foundations could lead to serious problems that

would re#uire costly intervention.

$hen the soil under a footing cannot provide ade#uate support for the

substructure %in terms of bearing capacity, overall stability, or settlement&,

support is obtained through the use of piles, which extend down from the

footing to a stronger soil layer or to bedrock. There are a variety of types of

piles ranging from concrete, which is cast in place %also called drilled shafts

or caissons& or precast, to steel '-sections driven to sound rock. [(!

)ng. *h+ tudent, Technical niversity of lu/-0apoca, 1aculty of ivil )ngineering,

e-mail:trifan.hulpus2cif.utclu/.ro( )ng. .. 3456 TR40"7540"4 .R.7.
mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]


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SECTION: Architecture, Co!tructio, C"#"!tr"$ Sur%e&, S"it"r& E'ieeri' A#E%iro(et"$ )rotectio

onstruction that occurs in phases, usually to permit the flow of trafficthrough a construction site, is called staged construction. 4n example would

be a bridge replacement pro/ect where half of the structure is removed and

replaced while traffic continues over the remaining portion of the structure.

6nce the first half has been removed and reconstructed, traffic is then

diverted over to the new side while work begins on the rest of the structure.

This is an aspect of rehabilitation design which offers some interesting

challenges to engineers..

"n a rehabilitation design, the inspecting engineer will spend time

focusing on the existing structure elements in an effort to determine which

need simple maintenance and which need extensive rehabilitation or

replacement.3aintenance inspections, conducted to rate a bridge structure and

/udge its performance, are more rapidly conducted than the other two forms.

The principal intent of this type of inspection is to document the structure8s

condition and aid in deciding whether maintenance or rehabilitation is

re#uired.

%& 'ET-GROUTING

+evelopments in /et grouting techni#ues in recent years gave the

possibility of using it as one remedy alternative. 4ccording to, the basic

concept was propounded in 9apan in ;< by the large-scale water /et being

utili=ed in coal mine excavation. [>!. 'owever it is only since the early?@8s that the /et grouting have approached its full economic and

operational potential as ground treatment.

The /et grouting can be defined according to the 4) Aeotechnical

)ngineering +ivision ommittee on Arouting as a Btechni#ue utili=ing a

special drill bit with hori=ontal and vertical high speed water /ets to

excavate alluvial soils and produce hard impervious columns by pumping

grout through the hori=ontal no==les that /ets and mixes with foundation

material as the drill bit is withdrawnC. [D!

The success of using grout in sandy layers is approved, but it is a

doubtful solution in soft clay. ome recent advances in the field of grouting

for tunneling in soft clay are recorded [

in/ection from the bottom tip of the constructed piles. The grout material

will be delivered through the installed grout pipe to the bottom of the pile

where a set of Tube-a-3anchette %T43& is installed. The base grouting

takes care of possible disturbance at the pile tip caused by the drilling

operation or accumulation of bentonite sediment. The process of base

grouting compresses the loosened pile tip and improves the end bearing [;!

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There are many situations in which the foundation block in our casethe bridge pile can suffering degradations through cracking the concrete

element.

The consolidation and rehabilitation of a bridge pile with cracks can

be made with grout in/ection method. The execution phases of this

technology are:

cleaning of the cracks if they are full of soilF

drilling a hole

in/ection with a cement water suspension.

"n 1igure there is shown the technology of grouting, in many cases

there are a lot of similarieties with the classical /et-grouting method.

Fig. 1. Grouting equipment and injection phases

1or the preparing of the grouting fluid it is used a mixer-shaker

combination with electrical engines because of different speed necessary

for the fluid in/ection and its #uantity too.

Then there is a piston pump that can deliver pressures up to @@ bar

and maximum flow needs. The in/ection is made through a pipe fitted with

no==les with different shapes called packers.

Fig. 2. Preparing of the suspension for grouting

ometimes it is necessary to control and verify the flow and pressure

in/ected in order not to compromise the ad/acent works. 1igure > shows the

way to control and verify the in/ection fluid.

>


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Fig. . !ontrolling the fuid for the grouting

(& CASE STUD)5adu risului ity is located in the northwestern part of Romania, in

Eihor ounty - the eastern railway 6radea - lu/-0apoca and );@ %+0&

6radea - lu/-0apoca at a distance of


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The execution pro/ect was the consolidation of the railway bridgekm ;@


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:

Fig. /. 0ecution details for the pile rehabilitation

1igure shows the details for execution of self-drilling anchors R>(.

Fig. . %etails for eecution of self+drilling anchors

The consolidation details for the in/ection of railway bridge pile are shown

in 1igure @ with all the execution phases.[?!

;


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Fig. 1. Phases of injection consolidation technology

*& CONCLUSIONS

Rehabilitation of the constructions in general are very important for

the good and safety life in order that our work must be done in the best

conditions.

The practice of building operations often need interventions in

problems of soil-structure interaction %foundations, deep basements,

underground storage tanks& due to the emergence over time deficiencies

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caused by either faulty initial conception or execution, or changes operationduring construction.

+& REFERENCES

"& 36R47) 3,T. 6no %(@@D# $ettlement of a light pier supported on

large diameter bored piles remediated by et grouting*roceedings :

1ifth "nternational onference on ase 'istories in Aeotechnical

)ngineering, 0ew Jork , 4pril >-I, (@@D.

%& T60"4 +, 9. K'46 %(@@;& %ridge &ngineering' (ehabilitation

and maintenance of modern highway bridges, 3cAraw-'ill

*roffesional

(& SHIBAZAKI, M. (1997# $tate of the )rt *routing in +apan, *roceedingsof the "nternational onference on Arouting and +eep 3ixing, held

in Tokyo, 9apan and )dited by Jonekura, Terashi L hiba=aki ,pp

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REHABILITATION OF “VADU CRISULUI” RAILROAD BRIDGE PILE