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Rehabilitation of Locks on the Kentucky RiverJoshua M. Repp, PEBergmann Associates
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Presentation Overview• River System History • Evolution of Lock and Dams Structures• Existing Condition of Structures• Lock No. 3&4 Renovation Plan• Lock Dewatering System
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Kentucky River – Inland Waterway Relationships
Rochester, NY
Lower Mississippi
Kentucky River
Upper Mississippi
Ohio River
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River System Structures
• 14 Locks and DamsOwners: Kentucky River Authority (KRA)Corps of Engineers
• Dams– fixed crest
• Locks– Locks 1-4 (open)– Locks 5-14 (closed)– 145’x38’ chamber (Locks 1-5)– 147’x52’ chamber (Locks 6-14)– 8 to18 foot Lifts
Frankfort
Lexington
JacksonL4
L&D 3
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1775 1800 1900 2000 2010
Pre-1775• Native Americans occupied land.
1775• Increase in mining & timbering• First Flat Boats
Kentucky River System History - Timeline1790• Coal Barges
1812• Steam Boats
1836 - 1842• L&D 1-5 Constructed
1836 - 1842• Kentucky Railroad Expansion Begins
1862• Civil War• Damage to Dams
1884 - 1917• L&D 6-14 Constructed
1951Recommended Closure of Locks 8-14
1836 – 1842Commercial Navigation Decline due to Railroad Expansion
2003-2004L&D 6-14 closed due to lack of funding
2007Plan issued to rehabilitate Locks 1-4 for recreational use
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Kentucky River Locks 3 & 4 Project
GEST, KYRehabilitate Locks(Additive Alternative Work)
Replace Dam 3(Base Bid)
Lock & Dam No. 4 Lock & Dam No. 3
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Evolution of Dam Structures
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Evolution of Dam Structures
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Evolution of Dam Structures
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Evolution of the Kentucky River Dams
Timber Crib Dam - Original 1830’s- Replaced in-kind 1910
Concrete Cap- Original 1910- Repaired 1950
Dam Sheeting & Resurfacing Repair
- 1990’s
Cellular Dam - Ongoing- 2 of 14 dams
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Dam History - 1990’s Dam Renovation
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Dam Replacement – Cellular Dam No. 9
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Existing Conditions - Dam No. 3
p o
Sect o s
MissingApron
Sections Broken Apron
Sections
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Lock Structures• Walls
– 220’ long by 30’ high – Locks 1-8 limestone masonry– Locks 9-14 concrete walls
• Miter Gates– Original wooden gates replaced with
horizontally framed steel gates.– Original hand-operated machinery
converted to electric and hydraulic
• Filling/Emptying System– Miter gate valves (filling/emptying)– Wall culverts (filling)
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Existing Lock Conditions - Locks 5-14 Closed to Navigation
Lock 5
Upper Miter Gate
Upper Sill
Concrete Bulkhead Wall
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Existing Lock Conditions• Miter Gates
– Timber Seals (Quoin, Miter, & Sill)– Gate Valves– Gate Misalignment– Pintle
Weathered Miter & Quoin Post
Weathered Quoin
Gate ValveLeakage
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Existing Lock Conditions• Miter Gate Anchorages
Failed Anchor
Pin
2 Anchor Pins
Miter Gate
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Existing Conditions - Machinery
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Existing Lock Conditions• Preparation of Overtopping
– Secure of miter gates– Removable or collaspable
railing, machineryCollapse
Machinery Stands
TurnbuckleAssembly
Cable Tie-backs
Store Rack in-line with
Gate
Remove/ Collapse Wall &
Gate Railing
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River Levels – Lock and Dam No.3
Top of Lock
T/O Crest EL. 453.7
6 mo. Flood6 mo. Flood
+10’
-7’+1’
1 yr. Flood+16’
+7.5’
10 yr. Flood
+31’ +22’
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MAY 2010
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MAY 2010 Flood – Construction at Dam No. 9
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MAY 2010 Flood – Construction at Dam No. 3
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MAY 2010 Flood – Debris at Lock No. 3 Upper Gate
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MAY 2010 Flood – Debris at Lock No. 4 Upper Gate
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Lock Renovation Plan• Rehabilitate Gates
– Gate Valves– Replace Pintle & Bonnet– Steel Repairs– Diagonal Replacement– Quoin, Miter, Sill Seals
• Masonry Repointing• Concrete Overlay on Top of Wall• Convert Power Supply from
Electric to Pneumatic• Various Safety Upgrades
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Renovation Summary
Pneumatic Supply Conduit
Add Diagonal Strap
Rehabilitate Valves (3)
Replace Anchorages
Replace Pintle & Socket
Replace Seals
Rubber Sill Seal
Reconstruct Sill
Reconstruct Quoin with Quoin Plate
Repoint Masonry
Concrete Overlay (6”)
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Renovation Design ChallengesDewatering of the Lock• Wall Stability Analysis Issues
– Geometry unknown• the thickness of the lock walls was
determined by the resident engineer during construction
– No former calculations– Wall not theoretically stable with no
physical signs of instability
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Wall Geometry Investigations at Lock 3
Landwall Riverwall
Dam CrestEsplanade
Lock Floor & Rock Line
Interpolated Rock Line
Interpolated Masonry Line
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1
FULL WALL STRUTTING
ANCHOR LANDWALL
Wall StrutNeedle Dam
BulkheadNeedle Dam
Bulkhead
Wall Anchor
Needle Dam Bulkhead
Needle Dam Bulkhead
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PHASE 1 - DEWATERING
PHASE 2 - DEWATERING
Secure Lower Gate
Secure Upper Gate
Wall Strut
Needle Dam Bulkhead
Wall Strut
Needle Dam Bulkhead
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Strut System for Dewatering
Struts(7o incline)
Waler
Sliding Plane
Flanged Adjustment Assembly
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Bulkhead System for Dewatering @ Lower Gate
Gate Recess
Wall Struts
Sheet Piling
Anchored Precast Sill
Blocks
Bulkhead Beam
Wall Anchors
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Wall Anchors
Wall Anchors
Temporary Survey Marker
Bulkhead Reactions
Wall Struts
Lower Gate
Bulkhead Reactions
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PDH QuestionsQ: When were the first locks and dams constructed on the Kentucky River?
Q: What were two major factors related to the decline in commercial traffic for the river system?
• 1830’S
Q: What two advantages did vertical walers offer to the strut system?
1. Variable river levels – difficult to navigate2. Unreliability and size of lock and dam structures3. Advancement of railroads for transport of goods
Q: The adjustment assembly in the pipe struts was detailed for what purpose?
1. Improved global stability - Increased the sliding resistance of the lock riverwall by lowering the sliding plane.
2. Better load distribution to the irregular and discontinuous masonry
• To ease removal of the strut between grouted walers after use in dewatering.
The Rehabilitation of Locks on the Kentucky River System, Kentucky, US Joshua M. Repp, P.E., Bergmann Associates, Rochester, NY, USA [email protected] The 260 mile long Kentucky River runs from Eastern Kentucky (south around the City of Lexington) through the City of Frankfort (capital city of the Commonwealth) and flows northwest into the Ohio River. The river is divided into navigation and water supply pools by a series of 14 locks and dams, many originally constructed in the 1830’s with stone masonry walls. Due to a decline in commercial navigation over the past few decades, the locks have been closed by the state. Reinforced concrete weir walls have been constructed at locks 5 through 14 as a more permanent closure. Some of the timber crib and sheet pile dams, originally constructed to retain pool for navigation purposes, have been replaced to secure pool for water supply. Recently the KRA/FAC has been evaluating the rehabilitation of Locks 1 through 4, potentially restarting recreational river navigation from the Ohio River to Frankfort, KY. Bergmann Associates has been contracted to evaluate the lock conditions, structural stability and to develop repair plans. Full rehabilitation documents were developed for Locks 3 and 4 and base repair schemes developed for all four of the 38’ wide by 175’ long locks. The history of this rehabilitation and future repairs plans will be presented. Joshua M. Repp is a Project Engineer and Lead Structural Engineer for Bergmann Associates, a 350 person consulting engineering firm and currently works out of the Buffalo Office. He has been working in the Civil Works Group at Bergmann mostly on waterway structures projects around the eastern US for the past seven years. His roles on the projects for the KRA included Assistant Project Manager, Project Engineer, Structural Designer and Cost Engineer. He is a graduate of the University of Buffalo with a BS in Civil Engineering and a ME in Civil-Structural Engineering. He is a Professional Engineer in New York State.
