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Sept. 15-17, 2010 Prague, Czech Republic Hyunwoo LEE ([email protected]) Chang-Bock IM, Myunghyun NOH, Taek-Mo SHIM & Sang-Yun KIM Regulatory Frameworks and Issues on Site Selection and Site Evaluation for Korean NPPs Nuclear Power Plants in Korea Legal System and Technical Standards Recent Siting-related Issues Experienced in Korea Licensing Process for New Reactors Regulatory Framework 1 2 3 4 5

Regulatory Frameworks and Issues on Site Selection and ... · Regulatory Frameworks and Issues on Site Selection and Site Evaluation for Korean NPPs ... Shin-Kori 1 & 2 Shin-Wolsong

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Page 1: Regulatory Frameworks and Issues on Site Selection and ... · Regulatory Frameworks and Issues on Site Selection and Site Evaluation for Korean NPPs ... Shin-Kori 1 & 2 Shin-Wolsong

Sept. 15-17, 2010Prague, Czech Republic

Hyunwoo LEE ([email protected]) Chang-Bock IM, Myunghyun NOH, Taek-Mo SHIM & Sang-Yun KIM

Regulatory Frameworks and Issues on Site Selection and Site Evaluation for

Korean NPPs

Nuclear Power Plants in Korea

Legal System and Technical Standards

Recent Siting-related Issues Experienced in Korea

Licensing Process for New Reactors

Regulatory Framework

1

2

3

4

5

Page 2: Regulatory Frameworks and Issues on Site Selection and ... · Regulatory Frameworks and Issues on Site Selection and Site Evaluation for Korean NPPs ... Shin-Kori 1 & 2 Shin-Wolsong

• Current status of NPPs in Korea

– Korea has achieved a remarkable growth in nuclear power since commercial operation of Kori Unit 1 in 1978

– Korea has now 20 operating NPPs : 16 PWRs and 4 PHWRs– Total output of 20 licensed units is 17,716MW

- generation capacity : 32.9%- actual production : over 40 %

– 6 PWRs are now under construction and 2 additional units are planned

• 4 PWRs (1,000MW) and 2 PWRs (1,400MW) are under construction

• 2 PWRs (1,400MW) are under the safety review for CP– Total units in operation by 2016 : 28 units

1. Nuclear Power Plants in Korea (1/3)

In operation : 20 unitsUnder Construction : 6 units■ Under CP Review : 2 units

PWR PWR

PHWR & PWR

PWR

Ulchin 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6■ Shin-Ulchin 1, 2

Wolsong 1, 2, 3, 4 Shin-Wolsong 1, 2

Kori 1, 2, 3, 4 Shin-Kori 1, 2, 3, 4

Yonggwang 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6

KINS

1. Nuclear Power Plants in Korea (2/3)

Page 3: Regulatory Frameworks and Issues on Site Selection and ... · Regulatory Frameworks and Issues on Site Selection and Site Evaluation for Korean NPPs ... Shin-Kori 1 & 2 Shin-Wolsong

Construction Status of New Reactors

OPR-1000Shin-Wolsung 1Shin-Wolsung 2

APR-1400Shin-Ulchin 1Shin-Ulchin 2

APR-1400Shin-Kori 3Shin-Kori 4

OPR-1000Shin-Kori 1Shin-Kori 2

2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 TypeSite & Unit

CP Application Construction OL Application

We are here

1. Nuclear Power Plants in Korea (3/3)

Site Selection

Stage ApplicationDocuments

Related LawWorkAllowed

Implementation Plan Approval

Construction Permit

Early Site Approval(ESA)

Utility

MKE

MEST

- Layout ofFacility

- ER, etc.

- PSAR- RER- QAP, etc.

SitePreparation

FoundationExcavation(ESA)

Electric Source Development Promotion Act

AtomicEnergy Act

2. Licensing Process for New Reactors (1/3)

MKE (Ministry of Knowledge Economy), MEST (Ministry of Education, Science and Technology)ER (Environmental Report), RER (Radiological Environmental Report), QAP (Quality Assurance Program)

Page 4: Regulatory Frameworks and Issues on Site Selection and ... · Regulatory Frameworks and Issues on Site Selection and Site Evaluation for Korean NPPs ... Shin-Kori 1 & 2 Shin-Wolsong

Review

Review Pre-Operational (PO) Inspection

Issue CP

Review

Issue OL

PO Inspection

Periodic Inspection

Grant ESA

Commence CO

Start foundation excavation

Application Start construction Start-up test

Application Fuel Load

Application

Early Site Approval

(ESA)

Construction Permit(CP)

Operating License

(OL)

Commercial Operation

(CO)

Applicant activities

Regulatory activities

Overall Licensing Process

2. Licensing Process for New Reactors (2/3)

Construction Permit (CP)

To ensure the plant design adequacy in accordance with Rules and Regulations, prior to the commencement of construction

Major application documents- Preliminary Safety Analysis Report (PSAR), Quality Assurance Program (QAP) for design andconstruction, Radiological Environmental Report (RER), etc.

Early Site Approval (ESA)

To allow the applicant to perform a limited civil engineering work of site preparation and power block excavation, before CP

Application documents: Site Survey Report, Radiological Environmental Report, etc.

2. Licensing Process for New Reactors (3/3)

Page 5: Regulatory Frameworks and Issues on Site Selection and ... · Regulatory Frameworks and Issues on Site Selection and Site Evaluation for Korean NPPs ... Shin-Kori 1 & 2 Shin-Wolsong

ResidentInspectors

Office

Nuclear Safety Office

Prime Minister

Atomic Energy Bureau Nuclear SafetyCommission

(NSC)

President

Korea Institute of Nuclear Safety

(KINS)

Ministry of Education, Science & Technology (MEST)9 members and supported

by 5 sub-committees

Decision-making on major nuclear issues

Regulatory enforcement authority

Regulatory agency having expertise

Entirely dedicated to nuclear safety regulation

3. Regulatory Framework (1/2)

Nuclear Safety Commission (NSC)

Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (MEST)

KINS(Korea Institute of

Nuclear Safety)

Submit Technical Evaluation

And Inspection Results

Request Technical Review

and Inspection

Submit Information and Implementation Results

Conduct Inspection and Request Additional Information

Apply

for P

erm

it or

Licen

se a

nd In

spec

tion

Issue

Per

mit

or L

icens

e

Interactive Mechanism in Regulation

Nuclear Industries (KHNP, etc)

3. Regulatory Framework (2/2)

Page 6: Regulatory Frameworks and Issues on Site Selection and ... · Regulatory Frameworks and Issues on Site Selection and Site Evaluation for Korean NPPs ... Shin-Kori 1 & 2 Shin-Wolsong

. Articles 12 (Acceptance Criteria for Construction Permit),22 (Acceptance Criteria for Operating License) & 96 (Exclusion Area) of AEA

Article 4 (Geology & Earthquake) of “Enforcement Regulations concerning the Technical Standards of Reactor Facilities, etc.”• Nuclear facilities should be located in a stable region at a minimal adverse effect

from earthquakes & tectonic disruptions; Nuclear facilities should be located on astable geological foundation without ground subsidence

Articles 5 (Site Limitation), 6 (Meteorology), 7 (Hydrology & Marine Environments), 8 (Human Induced Incidents), 9 (Emergency Plan), etc.

Law

Ordinance of the

Minister of Education, Science and Technology

(MEST)

Notice of the MEST[2009-37]

[004] Technical Standards for Location of Nuclear Reactor Facilities[027] Regulation on Pre-operational Inspection of Nuclear Reactor Facilities[029] Technical Standards for Investigation and Evaluation of Meteorological Conditions

of Nuclear Reactor Facilities[030] Technical Standards for Investigation of Hydrological and Oceanographic

Characteristics of Nuclear Reactor Facility Sites[036] Objects of Consultations due to Installation of Industrial Facilities, etc. around the

Nuclear Facilities

Review Guidance

KINS/GE-001, 2009, Safety Review Guideline (SRG) for PWR (Chapter 2. Site)☜☜ now under reviewnow under review

4. Legal System and Technical Standards

5. Recent Siting-related Issues Experienced in Korea

Identification of Population Centers

Underwater Intake/Discharge System

Dealing with Capable Faults & Uncertainty

Site Monitoring System

Page 7: Regulatory Frameworks and Issues on Site Selection and ... · Regulatory Frameworks and Issues on Site Selection and Site Evaluation for Korean NPPs ... Shin-Kori 1 & 2 Shin-Wolsong

Identification of Population Centers (1/4)

Background Regulatory safety review for the Kori unit 1 license renewal

• A big development plan with several tens of thousand residents around the NPP site ☞ Population Centers containing more than about 25,000 residents

shall not be in the distance of 7.5 km from the plant Necessity to define outer boundaries of the Population Centers

and the closest distance to the plant

Siting Criteria Enforced Regulations concerning the Technical Standards of

Standards of Reactor Facilities, etc (Article 5, Location)• Reactor shall be installed in a distant area from

densely populated region• Total radiation exposure to the public shall not

exceed the value that the MEST defines

MEST Notice No. 2009-37 (Reactor-004)

‘Technical Standards on Siting and

Site Survey for Reactor Facility Site’

Population Center is:• Densely populated area of more than 25,000 people with population

density greater than 500 person/km2 (50-SG-S4, 1980), and• Located away at least one and one-third times the distance between

the reactor and the outer boundary of the LPZ

Scope of the survey• Survey area: The area within one and a half times the distance

between the reactor and the outer boundary of the LPZ, including densely populated areas with population density greater than 500person per km2 that are partly incorporated to the survey area

• Basic data Most recent population of the lowest level local governments Topical maps (geomorphology, land use type) Development plan (Industry, apartment, etc.) projected to the end of

the NPP operation

Identification of Population Centers (2/4)

Page 8: Regulatory Frameworks and Issues on Site Selection and ... · Regulatory Frameworks and Issues on Site Selection and Site Evaluation for Korean NPPs ... Shin-Kori 1 & 2 Shin-Wolsong

Define unit population per cell• Calculate unit population and population density per cell

Non-residential area, i.e. green field, mountains, river, sea are excluded from the calculation

Try various cell sizes (1 km×1 km ~ 50 m×50 m) to find a ‘best fit’population distribution map for the area

• Cell location is set in the conservative way

Drawing Population Distribution Map• Define densely-populated areas: Draw a looped curve integrating all

contacting cells of population density greater than 500 people/km2

Cells not contacting but adjacent to each other may be integrated into a densely-populated area depending on how similar the geographical, residual properties

• Define Population Centers: Densely-populated areas with more than 25,000 people Descriptions on each Population Center including the name, total

number of residents, population density, distance and direction from the NPPs, etc. are needed

Identification of Population Centers (3/4)

Main Activities Verification of the distribution of

the Population Centers by establishing a GIS-based population distribution map

• Population data, geographical map, land use type, development projects of the local government, etc.

It was confirmed that there were It was confirmed that there were no Population Centers within 7.5 no Population Centers within 7.5 km from the Kori unit 1km from the Kori unit 1

* GIS : Geographic Information System* GIS : Geographic Information System

Identification of Population Centers (4/4)

Page 9: Regulatory Frameworks and Issues on Site Selection and ... · Regulatory Frameworks and Issues on Site Selection and Site Evaluation for Korean NPPs ... Shin-Kori 1 & 2 Shin-Wolsong

Underwater Intake/Discharge System (1/6)

Background To minimize the effect on the temperature of

recirculation water for nearby operating units at the multi-units site

To minimize environmental effects from discharge water (limited to max. 40 ℃)

To preserve the coastline

Main Activities

SR : Safety Related, NSR : Non- Safety Related

Underwater : NSRUnderwater : NSRUnderwater : NSRDischarge

Underwater (-20 m)- Essential Service

Water : SR- Component Cooling

Water : NSR

Underwater- Essential Service

Water (-5 m) : SR- Component Cooling

Water(-20 m): NSR

Surface water- Essential Service

Water : SR- Component Cooling

Water : NSR

Intake

Shin-Kori 3 & 4Shin-Wolsong 1 & 2Shin-Kori 1 & 2

•• Regulatory Requirements on SafetyRegulatory Requirements on Safety--related Emergency Service Waterrelated Emergency Service Water– Ordinance of the Minister of Education, Science and Technology (MEST) Article 31: Articles

13 (Design against external events) & 22 (Reactor cooling system) of “Enforced Regulations concerning the Technical Standards of Standards of Reactor Facilities, etc”

– No. 2009-37, “Technical Standards on Siting and Site Survey for Reactor Facility Site”– 10 CFR 50, App. A (GDC)– USNRC Regulatory Guide 1.27 (Ultimate Heat Sink for Nuclear Power Plant)– USNRC Regulatory Guide 1.132 (Site Investigations for Foundations of Nuclear Power

Plants)– USNRC Regulatory Guide 1.138 (Laboratory Investigations of Soils and Rocks for

Engineering Analysis and Design of Nuclear Power Plants)– SRP 9.2.5 (Ultimate Heat Sink)

•• Design Codes for submerged cooling water Intake and dischargeDesign Codes for submerged cooling water Intake and discharge– General Design Criteria (Korea Power Engineering Company, Inc.)– Tunnel Design Codes (Ministry of Land, Transport, & Maritime Affairs)– ACI 318/318R : Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete– ACI 349 : Code Requirements for Nuclear Safety Related Concrete Structure– ACI 357R-84 : Guide for the Design and Construction of Fixed Offshore Concrete Structures– US Army Corps of Engineers : Engineering Manual EM 1110-2-2901 Tunnels and Shafts in

Rock– US Army Corps of Engineers : Engineering Manual EM 1110-1-2907 Rock Reinforcements– US Army Corps of Engineers, Coastal Engineering Center : Shore Protection Manual

Underwater Intake/Discharge System (2/6)

Page 10: Regulatory Frameworks and Issues on Site Selection and ... · Regulatory Frameworks and Issues on Site Selection and Site Evaluation for Korean NPPs ... Shin-Kori 1 & 2 Shin-Wolsong

Concept

Design Tunnel Construction Process

Underwater Intake/Discharge System (3/6)

Geological SurveySurface geology, Fracture analysis, Seismic

analysis on/off shore

DrillingDirectional Core Drilling along the whole

extension of the tunnelVertical Core DrillingRock types: RQD, RMR and Q-System

Laboratory TestPhysical properties of the coresCompression strength, Poisson rate, etc.

Borehole TestRock strain rates from Goodman Jack Test

(ASTM D 4971-89)

Suspension PSDynamic elasticity coefficientSeismic analysis

BIPS

Site survey

Inspection on the Condition of Tunnel and Inspection on the Condition of Tunnel and Tunnel Work ActivitiesTunnel Work ActivitiesConcerns Tunnel Work Activities: Blasting, Excavation, Reinforcement & Conversion Systems- Compare Geological Condition with the Tunnel

Mapping Report - Check Tunnel Work Activities in accordance to

Tunnel Work Procedures- Check Quality Control on Tunnel Work Activities- Check Quality Assurance of the Data produced- Check the Stability and Safety of the Tunnel

Inspection on the Controlled BlastingInspection on the Controlled Blasting- Check the Instruments (seismometers, locations,

certification etc.)- Check the Records of Blasting kept to be under

the Upper Limit- Compliance of the Work Procedures

Inspection on the Conversion SystemInspection on the Conversion System- Review the records and Check the Stability

Pre-operational Inspection

Underwater Intake/Discharge System (4/6)

Page 11: Regulatory Frameworks and Issues on Site Selection and ... · Regulatory Frameworks and Issues on Site Selection and Site Evaluation for Korean NPPs ... Shin-Kori 1 & 2 Shin-Wolsong

Summary of Pre-operational Inspection Activities

Underwater Intake/Discharge System (5/6)

Rock Quality Evaluation ReportRock Quality Evaluation Report

Geological Maps of the Tunnel SurfacesGeological Maps of the Tunnel Surfaces

Photos and Movies of the Rock Surfaces and Major ActivitiesPhotos and Movies of the Rock Surfaces and Major Activities

Conversion Measurement Reports & the Raw DataConversion Measurement Reports & the Raw Data

Slope Stability Analysis Report on the Intake Water ReservoirSlope Stability Analysis Report on the Intake Water Reservoir

Findings & Recommendations Minutes of the InspectionsFindings & Recommendations Minutes of the Inspections

Measurements DB of the Geological Structures at the TunnelMeasurements DB of the Geological Structures at the Tunnel

Documents of Work Procedures, QA, etc.Documents of Work Procedures, QA, etc.

List of the Data Produced During the Construction

Underwater Intake/Discharge System (6/6)

Page 12: Regulatory Frameworks and Issues on Site Selection and ... · Regulatory Frameworks and Issues on Site Selection and Site Evaluation for Korean NPPs ... Shin-Kori 1 & 2 Shin-Wolsong

Dealing with Capable Fault & Uncertainty (1/4)

General Approaches

Dealing with Capable Fault & Uncertainty (2/4)

Page 13: Regulatory Frameworks and Issues on Site Selection and ... · Regulatory Frameworks and Issues on Site Selection and Site Evaluation for Korean NPPs ... Shin-Kori 1 & 2 Shin-Wolsong

Dealing with Capable Fault & Uncertainty (3/4)

Dealing with Capable Fault & Uncertainty (4/4)

Page 14: Regulatory Frameworks and Issues on Site Selection and ... · Regulatory Frameworks and Issues on Site Selection and Site Evaluation for Korean NPPs ... Shin-Kori 1 & 2 Shin-Wolsong

Purpose• Establishment of Integrated Site Monitoring Center

Development of Techniques & Methods Alarm of unexpected/unusual events at the nuclear sites

• Public Acceptance through Clear & Open Polity• Site-specific Characterization• Site-specific Safety Criteria

Data Comes to the Center• Fault Monitoring System at the Shin-Weolsung site• Korean Earthquake Monitoring Center• Site Monitoring System at the Korean LILRW Repository• Geodetic Monitoring System of Other Organizations

KIGAM, KMC, etc.

Site Monitoring System (1/2)

Conceptual Activities of the Integrated Site Monitoring

Conceptual Activities of the Integrated Site Monitoring

Site Monitoring System (6/6)Wind Speed

GPS

Groundwater L. 1

Groundwater L. 2

Salinity

Pore pressure

Precipitation

Seismicity

Strainmeter

Tim

e event

Site Monitoring System (2/2)

Page 15: Regulatory Frameworks and Issues on Site Selection and ... · Regulatory Frameworks and Issues on Site Selection and Site Evaluation for Korean NPPs ... Shin-Kori 1 & 2 Shin-Wolsong