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RAPISCAN (REGADENOSON)
Generic name: Rapiscan
Active substance: Regadenoson
Dosage levels: One level, no adjustment needed
Single injection of 400 micrograms regadenoson (5 ml)
Galenic form: Solution for injection
SUMMARY OF RISK MANAGEMENT PLAN
Version 10
Date of report: 26 September 2017
Marketing Authorisation Holder:
Rapidscan Pharma Solutions EU Ltd.,
Marketing authorisation currently being transferred to
GE Healthcare AS, P.O.Box 4220 Nydalen, N-0401 Oslo, Norway
Disclaimer:
The Risk Management Plan (RMP) is a comprehensive document submitted as part of the
application dossier for market approval of a medicine. The RMP summary contains
information on the medicine's safety profile and explains the measures that are taken in order
to further investigate and follow the risks as well as to prevent or minimise them.
GE Healthcare September 2017
Global Pharmacovigilance
Page 2 of 45
The RMP summary of Rapiscan is a concise document and does not claim to be exhaustive.
As the RMP is an international document, the summary might differ from the
"Arzneimittelinformation / Information sur le médicament" approved and published in
Switzerland, e. g. by mentioning risks occurring in populations or indications not included in
the Swiss authorization.
Please note that the reference document which is valid and relevant for the effective and safe
use of Rapiscan in Switzerland is the "Arzneimittelinformation/ Information sur le
médicament" (see www.swissmedic.ch) approved and authorized by Swissmedic. GE
Healthcare is fully responsible for the accuracy and correctness of the content of the published
summary RMP of Rapiscan.
GE Healthcare September 2017
Global Pharmacovigilance
Page 3 of 45
PART VI: SUMMARY OF THE RISK MANAGEMENT PLAN BY PRODUCT
VI.1 Elements for summary tables in the EPAR
VI.1.1 Summary table of Safety concerns
Table 37 Summary of safety concerns
Important identified risk SA/AV nodal block
Myocardial ischemia
Hypotension
Hypersensitivity
Seizures
Prolongation of regadenoson-induced seizures following administration
of aminophylline
Worsening/recurrence of atrial fibrillation
Elevated blood pressure and hypertensive crisis
Cerebrovascular accident (CVA, stroke)
Interaction with dipyridamole
Respiratory compromise (bronchoconstriction and respiratory arrest)
Important potential risk Off-label use involving exercise
Missing information Safety in children
Safety in pregnancy
Safety in lactation
Safety in patients with severe hepatic impairment
Safety in patients with prolonged QT syndrome
VI.1.2 Table of on-going and planned studies in the Post-authorisation
Pharmacovigilance Development Plan
There is no on-going or planned post authorization study.
GE Healthcare September 2017
Global Pharmacovigilance
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Summary of Post authorisation efficacy development plan
Table 38 Summary of Post authorisation efficacy development plan
Study (type and
study number)
Objectives Efficacy
uncertainties
addressed
Status (planned,
started)
Date for submission
of interim or final
reports
3606-CL-3004 To demonstrate that
the strength of
agreement between
single photon
emission computed
tomography (SPECT)
imaging with
regadenoson
following inadequate
exercise stress testing
and SPECT imaging
with regadenoson
alone is not inferior to
the strength of
agreement between
two sequential
regadenoson SPECT
images without
exercise and to assess
the safety and
tolerability of
regadenoson
administered during
recovery exercise
The efficacy of
regadenoson in
combination with
exercise SPECT MPI
to detect Myocardial
perfusion defects is
not meaningfully
different from
Regadenoson supine
SPECT MPI study.
Completed Redacted synopsis
Nov 2015.
Table 39 Summary of risk minimisation measures
Safety concern Routine risk minimisation measures Additional risk
minimisation measures
SA/AV Nodal Block SPC information that is relevant to minimizing the
risk of SA/AV Nodal Block is presented below.
None proposed
Section 4.2 Posology and Method of
Administration
GE Healthcare September 2017
Global Pharmacovigilance
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Table 39 Summary of risk minimisation measures
Safety concern Routine risk minimisation measures Additional risk
minimisation measures
Treatment with Rapiscan is restricted to use in a
medical facility where cardiac monitoring and
resuscitation equipment are available.
Aminophylline may be used to attenuate severe and/or
persistent adverse reactions to Rapiscan but should
not be used solely for the purpose of terminating a
seizure induced by Rapiscan.
Rapiscan causes a rapid increase in heart rate. Patients
should remain sitting or lying down and be monitored
at frequent intervals after the injection until ECG
parameters, heart rate and blood pressure has returned
to pre-dose levels.
Section 4.3 Contraindications
• Second or third degree atrioventricular (AV)
block or sinus node dysfunction, unless these patients
have a functioning artificial pacemaker.
Section 4.4 Special Warnings and Precautions for
Use
Rapiscan has the potential to cause serious and life
threatening reactions, including those listed below.
Continuous ECG monitoring should be performed and
vital signs should be monitored at frequent intervals
until the ECG parameters, heart rate and blood
pressure have returned to pre-dose levels. Rapiscan
should be used with caution and should only be
administered in a medical facility with cardiac
monitoring and resuscitation equipment.
Aminophylline may be administered in doses ranging
from 50 mg to 250 mg by slow intravenous injection
(50 mg to 100 mg over 30-60 seconds) to attenuate
severe and/or persistent adverse reactions to Rapiscan
but should not be used solely for the purpose of
terminating a seizure induced by Rapiscan.
Sinoatrial and atrioventricular nodal block
Adenosine receptor agonists including regadenoson
can depress the sinoatrial and AV nodes and may
GE Healthcare September 2017
Global Pharmacovigilance
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Table 39 Summary of risk minimisation measures
Safety concern Routine risk minimisation measures Additional risk
minimisation measures
cause first, second or third degree AV block, or sinus
bradycardia.
Myocardial ischaemia
Fatal cardiac arrest, life-threatening ventricular
arrhythmias, and myocardial infarction may result
from the ischaemia induced by pharmacologic stress
agents like Rapiscan
Rapiscan should be used in caution in patients with
recent myocardial infarction. Clinical trials conducted
with regadenoson excluded patients with recent
(within 3 months) myocardial infarction.
Section 4.8 Undesirable Effects
Summary of safety profile
Rapiscan may cause myocardial ischaemia
(potentially associated with fatal cardiac arrest, life-
threatening ventricular arrhythmias, and myocardial
infarction), hypotension leading to syncope and
transient ischaemic attacks, elevated blood pressure
leading to hypertension and hypertensive crises, and
SA/AV node block leading to first, second or third
degree AV block, or sinus bradycardia requiring
intervention (see section 4.4). Signs of
hypersensitivity (rash, urticaria, angioedema,
anaphylaxis and/or throat tightness) may be
immediate or delayed onset. Aminophylline may be
used to attenuate severe or persistent adverse reactions
to Rapiscan but should not be used solely for the
purpose of terminating a seizure induced by Rapiscan
(see section 4.4).
Tabulated summary of adverse reactions
Cardiac Disorders:
Common: Atrioventricular block
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Global Pharmacovigilance
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Table 39 Summary of risk minimisation measures
Safety concern Routine risk minimisation measures Additional risk
minimisation measures
Uncommon: Cardiac arrest, Complete AV block,
Bradycardia
Description of selected adverse reactions
Adenosine receptor agonists, including Rapiscan, can
depress the SA and AV nodes and may cause first-,
second- or third degree AV block, or sinus
bradycardia requiring intervention. In clinical trials
first degree AV block (PR prolongation > 220 msec)
developed in 3% of patients within 2 hours of
Rapiscan administration; transient second-degree AV
block with one dropped beat was observed in one
patient receiving Rapiscan. In postmarketing
experience, third degree heart block and asystole have
been reported within minutes of Rapiscan
administration.
Regadenoson is only administered in a hospital or
clinic setting by a health care professional and is
restricted to use in a medical facility where cardiac
monitoring and resuscitation equipment are available.
It is available as a prescription only medicine. The
SPC also states that aminophylline can be used to
attenuate severe and/or persistent adverse reactions to
Rapiscan but should not be used solely for the purpose
of terminating a seizure induced by Rapiscan.
Myocardial Ischemia SPC information that is relevant to minimizing the
risk of myocardial ischemia is presented below.
None proposed
Section 4.2 Posology and Method of
Administration
Treatment with Rapiscan is restricted to use in a
medical facility where cardiac monitoring and
resuscitation equipment are available.
Aminophylline may be used to attenuate severe and/or
persistent adverse reactions to Rapiscan but should
not be used solely for the purpose of terminating a
seizure induced by Rapiscan.
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Global Pharmacovigilance
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Table 39 Summary of risk minimisation measures
Safety concern Routine risk minimisation measures Additional risk
minimisation measures
Rapiscan causes a rapid increase in heart rate. Patients
should remain sitting or lying down and be monitored
at frequent intervals after the injection until ECG
parameters, heart rate and blood pressure has returned
to pre-dose levels.
Section 4.3 Contraindications
Unstable angina that has not been stabilised with
medical therapy.
Section 4.4 Special Warnings and Precautions for
Use
Rapiscan has the potential to cause serious and life
threatening reactions, including those listed below.
Continuous ECG monitoring should be performed and
vital signs should be monitored at frequent intervals
until the ECG parameters, heart rate and blood
pressure have returned to pre dose levels. Rapiscan
should be used with caution and should only be
administered in a medical facility with cardiac
monitoring and resuscitation equipment.
Aminophylline may be administered in doses ranging
from 50 mg to 250 mg by slow intravenous injection
(50 mg to 100 mg over 30-60 seconds) to attenuate
severe and/or persistent adverse reactions to Rapiscan.
Myocardial ischaemia
Fatal cardiac arrest, life-threatening ventricular
arrhythmias, and myocardial infarction may result
from the ischaemia induced by pharmacologic stress
agents like Rapiscan
Rapiscan should be used in caution in patients with
recent myocardial infarction. Clinical trials conducted
with regadenoson excluded patients with recent
(within 3 months) myocardial infarction.
Hypotension SPC information that is relevant to minimizing the
risk of hypotension is presented below.
None proposed
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Global Pharmacovigilance
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Table 39 Summary of risk minimisation measures
Safety concern Routine risk minimisation measures Additional risk
minimisation measures
Section 4.2 Posology and Method of
Administration
Treatment with Rapiscan is restricted to use in a
medical facility where cardiac monitoring and
resuscitation equipment are available.
Aminophylline may be used to attenuate severe and/or
persistent adverse reactions to Rapiscan but should
not be used solely for the purpose of terminating a
seizure induced by Rapiscan.
Rapiscan causes a rapid increase in heart rate. Patients
should remain sitting or lying down and be monitored
at frequent intervals after the injection until ECG
parameters, heart rate and blood pressure has returned
to pre-dose levels.
Section 4.3 Contraindications
Severe hypotension.
Decompensated states of heart failure.
Section 4.4 Special Warnings and Precautions
for Use
Rapiscan has the potential to cause serious and life
threatening reactions, including those listed below.
Continuous ECG monitoring should be performed
and vital signs should be monitored at frequent
intervals until the ECG parameters, heart rate and
blood pressure have returned to pre dose levels.
Rapiscan should be used with caution and should
only be administered in a medical facility with
cardiac monitoring and resuscitation equipment.
Aminophylline may be administered in doses
ranging from 50 mg to 250 mg by slow intravenous
injection (50 mg to 100 mg over 30-60 seconds) to
attenuate severe and/or persistent adverse reactions
to Rapiscan but should not be used solely for the
purpose of terminating a seizure induced by
Rapiscan.
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Table 39 Summary of risk minimisation measures
Safety concern Routine risk minimisation measures Additional risk
minimisation measures
Hypotension
Adenosine receptor agonists including regadenoson
induce arterial vasodilation and hypotension. The
risk of serious hypotension may be higher in
patients with autonomic dysfunction, hypovolemia,
left main coronary artery stenosis, stenotic valvular
heart disease, pericarditis or pericardial effusions,
or stenotic carotid artery disease with
cerebrovascular insufficiency.
Section 4.8 Undesirable Effects
Summary of the safety profile
Rapiscan may cause myocardial ischaemia
(potentially associated with fatal cardiac arrest, life-
threatening ventricular arrhythmias, and myocardial
infarction), hypotension leading to syncope and
transient ischaemic attacks, elevated blood pressure
leading to hypertension and hypertensive crises,
and SA/AV node block leading to first, second or
third degree AV block, or sinus bradycardia
requiring intervention (see section 4.4). Signs of
hypersensitivity (rash, urticaria, angioedema,
anaphylaxis and/or throat tightness) may be
immediate or delayed onset. Aminophylline may be
used to attenuate severe or persistent adverse
reactions to Rapiscan but should not be used solely
for the purpose of terminating a seizure induced by
Rapiscan (see section 4.4).
Tabulated summary of adverse reactions
Nervous system disorders: Very common: dizziness
Uncommon: Syncope
Rare: Cerbrovascular attack Vascular disorders:
Common: Hypotension
Description of selected adverse reactions
Adenosine receptor agonists, including Rapiscan
induce arterial vasodilation and hypotension. In
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Table 39 Summary of risk minimisation measures
Safety concern Routine risk minimisation measures Additional risk
minimisation measures
clinical trials, decreased systolic blood pressure (>
35 mm Hg) was observed in 7% of patients and
decreased diastolic blood pressure (> 25 mm Hg)
was observed in 4% of patients within 45 minutes
of Rapiscan administration. The risk of serious
hypotension may be higher in patients with
autonomic dysfunction, hypovolemia, left main
coronary artery stenosis, stenotic valvular heart
disease, pericarditis or pericardial effusions, or
stenotic carotid artery disease with cerebrovascular
insufficiency. In postmarketing experience,
syncope and transient ischaemic attacks have been
reported.
Elderly population
Older patients (≥ 75 years of age; n = 321) had a
similar adverse reaction profile compared to
younger patients (< 65 years of age; n = 1016), but
had a higher incidence of hypotension (2% versus <
1%).
Section 5.1 Pharmacodynamic properties
Pharmacodynamic effects
Haemodynamic effects
Systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure
changes were variable, with the greatest mean
change in systolic pressure of −3 mm Hg and in
diastolic pressure of −4 mm Hg approximately 1
minute after Rapiscan administration.
Regadenoson is only administered in a hospital or
clinic setting by a health care professional and is
restricted to use in a medical facility where cardiac
monitoring and resuscitation equipment are
available. It is available as a prescription only
medicine. The SPC also states that aminophylline
can be used to attenuate severe and/or persistent
adverse reactions to Rapiscan.
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Table 39 Summary of risk minimisation measures
Safety concern Routine risk minimisation measures Additional risk
minimisation measures
Interaction with
dipyridamole
SPC information that is relevant to minimizing the
risk of the interaction with dipyridamole is
presented below.
None proposed
Section 4.2 Posology and method of
administration
Posology
When possible, dipyridamole should be withheld
for at least two days prior to Rapiscan
administration.
Section 4.5 Interaction with other medicinal
products and other forms of interaction
Dipyridamole
Dipyridamole increases blood adenosine levels and
the response to regadenoson may be altered when
blood adenosine levels are increased. When
possible, dipyridamole should be withheld for at
least two days prior to Rapiscan administration.
Patients are advised not to take any medications
containing dipyridamole for at least two days prior
to Rapiscan administration. It is available as a
prescription only medicine. The SPC also states
that aminophylline can be used to attenuate severe
and/or persistent adverse reactions to Rapiscan.
Hypersensitivity SPC information that is relevant to minimizing the
risk of the hypersensitivity is presented below.
None proposed
Section 4.3 Contraindications
Hypersensitivity to the active substance or to any of
the excipients.
Section 4.8 Summary of safety profile
Summary of the safety profile
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Table 39 Summary of risk minimisation measures
Safety concern Routine risk minimisation measures Additional risk
minimisation measures
Signs of hypersensitivity (rash, urticaria,
angioedema, anaphylaxis and/or throat tightness)
may be immediate or delayed onset.
Tabulated summary of adverse reactions
Immune system disorders:
Uncommon: Hypersensitivity reactions including
rash, urticaria, angioedema, and anaphylaxis
Regadenoson is only administered in a hospital or
clinic setting by a health care professional and is
restricted to use in a medical facility where cardiac
monitoring and resuscitation equipment are
available. It is available as a prescription only
medicine. The SPC also states that aminophylline
can be used to attenuate severe and/or persistent
adverse reactions to Rapiscan but should not be
used solely for the purpose of terminating a seizure
induced by Rapiscan.
Seizures SPC information that is relevant to minimizing the
potential risk of seizure is presented below.
None proposed
Section 4.2 Posology and method of
administration
Treatment with Rapiscan is restricted to use in a
medical facility where cardiac monitoring and
resuscitation equipment are available.
Aminophylline may be used to attenuate severe
and/or persistent adverse reactions to Rapiscan but
should not be used solely for the purpose of
terminating a seizure induced by Rapiscan.
Section 4.4 Special warnings and precautions for
use
Rapiscan has the potential to cause serious and life
threatening reactions, including those listed below.
Rapiscan should be used with caution and should
only be administered in a medical facility with
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Global Pharmacovigilance
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Table 39 Summary of risk minimisation measures
Safety concern Routine risk minimisation measures Additional risk
minimisation measures
cardiac monitoring and resuscitation equipment.
Aminophylline may be administered in doses
ranging from 50 mg to 250 mg by slow intravenous
injection (50 mg to 100 mg over 30-60 seconds) to
attenuate severe and/or persistent adverse reactions
to Rapiscan but should not be used solely for the
purpose of terminating a seizure induced by
Rapiscan.
Risk of seizure
Caution should be used when administering
Rapiscan to patients with a history of seizures or
other risk factors for seizures, including the
concomitant administration of medicinal products
that lower seizure threshold (e.g. antipsychotics,
antidepressants, theophyllines, tramadol, systemic
steroids and quinolones).
Aminophylline may prolong a seizure or cause
multiple seizures because of its proconvulsant
effect. Therefore administration of aminophylline
solely for the purpose of terminating a seizure
induced by Rapiscan is not recommended.
Section 4.8 Undesirable effects
Summary of safety profile
Aminophylline may be used to attenuate severe or
persistent adverse reactions to Rapiscan but should
not be used solely for the purpose of terminating a
seizure induced by Rapiscan (see section 4.4).
Tabulated summary of adverse reactions
Nervous system disorders
Uncommon: Convulsions, tremor
Regadenoson is only administered in a hospital or
clinic setting by a health care professional and is
restricted to use in a medical facility where cardiac
monitoring and resuscitation equipment are
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Table 39 Summary of risk minimisation measures
Safety concern Routine risk minimisation measures Additional risk
minimisation measures
available. It is available as a prescription only
medicine.
Prolongation of
regadenoson-induced
seizures following
administration of
aminophylline
SPC information that is relevant to minimizing the
potential risk of prolongation of regadenoson-
induced seizures following administration of
aminophylline is presented below.
Completed - DHPC
communication of the risk
and the relevant clinical
actions that is required to
minimise the occurrences of
such cases.
Section 4.2 Posology and method of
administration
Treatment with Rapiscan is restricted to use in a
medical facility where cardiac monitoring and
resuscitation equipment are available.
Aminophylline may be administered in doses
ranging from 50 mg to 250 mg by slow intravenous
injection (50 mg to 100 mg over 30-60 seconds) to
attenuate severe and/or persistent adverse reactions
to Rapiscan but should not be used solely for the
purpose of terminating a seizure induced by
Rapiscan.
Section 4.4 Special warnings and precautions for
use
Rapiscan has the potential to cause serious and life
threatening reactions, including those listed below.
Rapiscan should be used with caution and should
only be administered in a medical facility with
cardiac monitoring and resuscitation equipment.
Aminophylline may be administered in doses
ranging from 50 mg to 250 mg by slow intravenous
injection (50 mg to 100 mg over 30-60 seconds) to
attenuate severe and/or persistent adverse reactions
to Rapiscan but should not be used solely for the
purpose of terminating a seizure induced by
Rapiscan.
Risk of seizure
Caution should be used when administering
Rapiscan to patients with a history of seizures or
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Table 39 Summary of risk minimisation measures
Safety concern Routine risk minimisation measures Additional risk
minimisation measures
other risk factors for seizures, including the
concomitant administration of medicinal products
that lower seizure threshold (e.g. antipsychotics,
antidepressants, theophyllines, tramadol, systemic
steroids and quinolones).
Aminophylline may prolong a seizure or cause
multiple seizures because of its proconvulsant
effect. Therefore administration of aminophylline
solely for the purpose of terminating a seizure
induced by Rapiscan is not recommended.
Section 4.8 Undesirable effects
Summary of safety profile
Aminophylline may be used to attenuate severe or
persistent adverse reactions to Rapiscan but should
not be used solely for the purpose of terminating a
seizure induced by Rapiscan (see section 4.4).
Tabulated summary of adverse reactions
Nervous system disorders
Uncommon: Convulsions, tremor
Regadenoson is only administered in a hospital or
clinic setting by a health care professional and is
restricted to use in a medical facility where cardiac
monitoring and resuscitation equipment are
available. It is available as a prescription only
medicine.
Worsening/recurrence
of atrial fibrillation
SPC information that is relevant to minimizing the
potential risk of worsening/recurrence of atrial
fibrillation is presented below.
None proposed
Section 4.2 Posology and method of
administration
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Table 39 Summary of risk minimisation measures
Safety concern Routine risk minimisation measures Additional risk
minimisation measures
Treatment with Rapiscan is restricted to use in a
medical facility where cardiac monitoring and
resuscitation equipment are available.
Aminophylline may be used to attenuate severe
and/or persistent adverse reactions to Rapiscan but
should not be used solely for the purpose of
terminating a seizure induced by Rapiscan.
Section 4.4 Special warnings and precautions for
use
Rapiscan has the potential to cause serious and life
threatening reactions, including those listed below.
Rapiscan should be used with caution and should
only be administered in a medical facility with
cardiac monitoring and resuscitation equipment.
Aminophylline may be administered in doses
ranging from 50 mg to 250 mg by slow intravenous
injection (50 mg to 100 mg over 30-60 seconds) to
attenuate severe and/or persistent adverse reactions
to Rapiscan but should not be used solely for the
purpose of terminating a seizure induced by
Rapiscan.
Atrial fibrillation or flutter
Rapiscan should be used with caution in patients
with a history of atrial fibrillation or flutter. In
postmarketing experience there have been cases of
worsening or recurrence of atrial fibrillation after
administration of Rapiscan.
Section 4.8 Undesirable effects
Summary of safety profile
Rapiscan may cause myocardial ischaemia
(potentially associated with fatal cardiac arrest,
lifethreatening ventricular arrhythmias, and
myocardial infarction), hypotension leading to
syncope and transient ischaemic attacks, elevated
blood pressure leading to hypertension and
hypertensive crises, and SA/AV node block leading
GE Healthcare September 2017
Global Pharmacovigilance
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Table 39 Summary of risk minimisation measures
Safety concern Routine risk minimisation measures Additional risk
minimisation measures
to first, second or third degree AV block, or sinus
bradycardia requiring intervention (see section 4.4).
Signs of hypersensitivity (rash, urticaria,
angioedema, anaphylaxis and/or throat tightness)
may be immediate or delayed onset. Aminophylline
may be used to attenuate severe or persistent
adverse reactions to Rapiscan but should not be
used solely for the purpose of terminating a seizure
induced by Rapiscan (see section 4.4).
Elevated blood
pressure and
hypertensive crisis
SPC information that is relevant to minimizing the
potential risk of elevated blood pressure is
presented below.
None proposed
Section 4.2 Posology and method of
administration
Treatment with Rapiscan is restricted to use in a
medical facility where cardiac monitoring and
resuscitation equipment are available.
Aminophylline may be used to attenuate severe
and/or persistent adverse reactions to Rapiscan but
should not be used solely for the purpose of
terminating a seizure induced by Rapiscan.
Section 4.4 Special warnings and precautions for
use
Rapiscan has the potential to cause serious and life
threatening reactions, including those listed below.
Rapiscan should be used with caution and should
only be administered in a medical facility with
cardiac monitoring and resuscitation equipment.
Aminophylline may be administered in doses
ranging from 50 mg to 250 mg by slow intravenous
injection (50 mg to 100 mg over 30-60 seconds) to
attenuate severe and/or persistent adverse reactions
to Rapiscan but should not be used solely for the
purpose of terminating a seizure induced by
Rapiscan.
Elevated blood pressure
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Table 39 Summary of risk minimisation measures
Safety concern Routine risk minimisation measures Additional risk
minimisation measures
Rapiscan may cause clinically significant increases
in blood pressure, which in some patients can lead
to hypertensive crisis (see section 4.8). The risk of
significant increases in blood pressure may be
higher in patients with uncontrolled hypertension.
Consideration should be given to delaying Rapiscan
administration until blood pressure is well
controlled.
Section 4.8 Undesirable effects
Summary of safety profile
Rapiscan may cause myocardial ischaemia
(potentially associated with fatal cardiac arrest,
lifethreatening ventricular arrhythmias, and
myocardial infarction), hypotension leading to
syncope and transient ischaemic attacks, elevated
blood pressure leading to hypertension and
hypertensive crises, and SA/AV node block
leading to first, second or third degree AV block, or
sinus bradycardia requiring intervention (see
section 4.4). Signs of hypersensitivity (rash,
urticaria, angioedema, anaphylaxis and/or throat
tightness) may be immediate or delayed onset.
Aminophylline may be used to attenuate severe or
persistent adverse reactions to Rapiscan but should
not be used solely for the purpose of terminating a
seizure induced by Rapiscan (see section 4.4).
Tabulated summary of adverse reactions
Vascular disorders Uncommon: hypertension
Description of selected adverse reactions
In clinical trials, increased systolic blood pressure
(≥ 50 mm Hg) was observed in 0.7% of patients
and increased diastolic blood pressure (≥ 30 mm
Hg) in 0.5% of patients. Most increases resolved
within 10 to 15 minutes, but in some cases,
increases were observed at 45 minutes following
administration.
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Table 39 Summary of risk minimisation measures
Safety concern Routine risk minimisation measures Additional risk
minimisation measures
Regadenoson is only administered in a hospital or
clinic setting by a health care professional and is
restricted to use in a medical facility where cardiac
monitoring and resuscitation equipment are
available. It is available as a prescription only
medicine. The SPC also states that aminophylline
can be used to attenuate severe and/or persistent
adverse reactions to Rapiscan but should not be
used solely for the purpose of terminating a seizure
induced by Rapiscan.
CVA (Stroke) SPC information that is relevant to minimizing the
potential risk of CVA is presented below.
Completed - DHPC
communication of the risk
and the relevant clinical
actions that is required to
minimise the occurrences of
such cases.
Section 4.2 Posology and method of
administration
Treatment with Rapiscan is restricted to use in a
medical facility where cardiac monitoring and
resuscitation equipment are available.
Aminophylline may be used to attenuate severe
and/or persistent adverse reactions to Rapiscan but
should not be used solely for the purpose of
terminating a seizure induced by Rapiscan.
Section 4.4 Special warnings and precautions for
use
Rapiscan has the potential to cause serious and life
threatening reactions, including those listed below.
Rapiscan should be used with caution and should
only be administered in a medical facility with
cardiac monitoring and resuscitation equipment.
Aminophylline may be administered in doses
ranging from 50 mg to 250 mg by slow intravenous
injection (50 mg to 100 mg over 30-60 seconds) to
attenuate severe and/or persistent adverse reactions
to Rapiscan but should not be used solely for the
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Table 39 Summary of risk minimisation measures
Safety concern Routine risk minimisation measures Additional risk
minimisation measures
purpose of terminating a seizure induced by
Rapiscan.
Hypotension
Adenosine receptor agonists including regadenoson
induce arterial vasodilation and hypotension. The
risk of serious hypotension may be higher in
patients with autonomic dysfunction, hypovolemia,
left main coronary artery stenosis, stenotic valvular
heart disease, pericarditis or pericardial effusions,
or stenotic carotid artery disease with
cerebrovascular insufficiency.
Atrial fibrillation or flutter
Rapiscan should be used with caution in patients
with a history of atrial fibrillation or flutter. In
postmarketing experience there have been cases of
worsening or recurrence of atrial fibrillation after
administration of Rapiscan.
Elevated blood pressure
Rapiscan may cause clinically significant increases
in blood pressure, which in some patients can lead
to hypertensive crisis (see section 4.8). The risk of
significant increases in blood pressure may be
higher in patients with uncontrolled hypertension.
Consideration should be given to delaying Rapiscan
administration until blood pressure is well
controlled.
Transient ischaemic attacks and cerebrovascular
accident
Rapiscan can cause transient ischaemic attack (see
section 4.8). In post-marketing experience there
have also been reports of cerebrovascular accident
(CVA).
Section 4.8 Undesirable effects
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Summary of the safety profile
Rapiscan may cause myocardial ischaemia
(potentially associated with fatal cardiac arrest, life-
threatening ventricular arrhythmias, and myocardial
infarction), hypotension leading to syncope and
transient ischaemic attacks, elevated blood pressure
leading to hypertension and hypertensive crises,
and SA/AV node block leading to first, second or
third degree AV block, or sinus bradycardia
requiring intervention (see section 4.4).
Tabulated summary of adverse reactions
Nervous system disorders Uncommon: transient
ischemic attack. Rare: cerebrovascular accident
Description of selected adverse reactions
Adenosine receptor agonists, including Rapiscan
induce arterial vasodilation and hypotension. In
clinical trials, decreased systolic blood pressure (>
35 mm Hg) was observed in 7% of patients and
decreased diastolic blood pressure (> 25 mm Hg)
was observed in 4% of patients within 45 minutes
of Rapiscan administration. The risk of serious
hypotension may be higher in patients with
autonomic dysfunction, hypovolemia, left main
coronary artery stenosis, stenotic valvular heart
disease, pericarditis or pericardial effusions, or
stenotic carotid artery disease with cerebrovascular
insufficiency. In postmarketing experience,
syncope and transient ischaemic attacks have been
reported.
In clinical trials, increased systolic blood pressure
(≥ 50 mm Hg) was observed in 0.7% of patients
and increased diastolic blood pressure (≥ 30 mm
Hg) in 0.5% of patients. Most increases resolved
within 10 to 15 minutes, but in some cases,
increases were observed at 45 minutes following
administration.
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Regadenoson is only administered in a hospital or
clinic setting by a health care professional and is
restricted to use in a medical facility where cardiac
monitoring and resuscitation equipment are
available. It is available as a prescription only
medicine. The SPC also states that aminophylline
can be used to attenuate severe and/or persistent
adverse reactions to Rapiscan but should not be
used solely for the purpose of terminating a seizure
induced by Rapiscan.
Respiratory
compromise
(bronchoconstriction
and respiratory arrest)
SPC information that is relevant to minimizing the
potential risk of respiratory compromise is
presented below.
None proposed
Section 4.2 Posology and method of
administration
Treatment with Rapiscan is restricted to use in a
medical facility where cardiac monitoring and
resuscitation equipment are available.
Aminophylline may be used to attenuate severe
and/or persistent adverse reactions to Rapiscan but
should not be used solely for the purpose of
terminating a seizure induced by Rapiscan.
Section 4.4 Special warnings and precautions for
use
Rapiscan has the potential to cause serious and life
threatening reactions, including those listed below.
Rapiscan should be used with caution and should
only be administered in a medical facility with
cardiac monitoring and resuscitation equipment.
Aminophylline may be administered in doses
ranging from 50 mg to 250 mg by slow intravenous
injection (50 mg to 100 mg over 30-60 seconds) to
attenuate severe and/or persistent adverse reactions
to Rapiscan but should not be used solely for the
purpose of terminating a seizure induced by
Rapiscan.
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Bronchoconstriction
Adenosine receptor agonists, including Rapiscan,
may cause bronchoconstriction and respiratory
arrest (see Section 4.8), especially in patients with
known or suspected bronchoconstrictive disease,
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or
asthma. Appropriate bronchodilator therapy and
resuscitative measures should be available prior to
Rapiscan administration.
Section 4.8 Undesirable effects
Tabulated summary of adverse reactions
Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders:
Uncommon: Wheezing
Not known: Bronchospasm and respiratory arrest
Section 5.1 Pharmacodynamic properties
The A2B and A3 adenosine receptors have been
implicated in the pathophysiology of
bronchoconstriction in susceptible individuals (i.e.,
asthmatics). In in vitro studies, regadenoson has
been shown to have little binding affinity for the
A2B and A3 adenosine receptors. The incidence of
bronchoconstriction (FEV1 reduction > 15% from
baseline) after Rapiscan administration was
assessed in two randomised, controlled clinical
studies. In the first study in 49 patients with
moderate to severe COPD, the rate of
bronchoconstriction was 12% and 6% following
Rapiscan and placebo dosing, respectively (p =
0.31). In the second study in 48 patients with mild
to moderate asthma who had previously been
shown to have bronchoconstrictive reactions to
adenosine monophosphate, the rate of
bronchoconstriction was the same (4%) following
both Rapiscan and placebo dosing. In both studies,
dyspnoea was reported as an adverse reaction
following Rapiscan dosing (61% for patients with
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COPD; 34% for patients with asthma) while no
subjects experienced dyspnoea following placebo
dosing. Dyspnoea did not correlate with a decrease
in FEV1.
Regadenoson is only administered in a hospital or
clinic setting by a health care professional and is
restricted to use in a medical facility where cardiac
monitoring and resuscitation equipment are
available. It is available as a prescription only
medicine. The SPC also states that aminophylline
can be used to attenuate severe and/or persistent
adverse reactions to Rapiscan but should not be
used solely for the purpose of terminating a seizure
induced by Rapiscan.
Off label use
involving exercise
SPC information that is relevant to minimizing the
potential risk of off label use involving exercise is
presented below.
Post-marketing safety
assessment of regadenoson
in combination with
exercise (3606-CL- 3004) is
completed.
4.2 Posology and method of administration
Rapiscan causes a rapid increase in heart rate (see
sections 4.4 and 5.1). Patients should remain sitting
or lying down and be monitored at frequent
intervals after the injection until the ECG
parameters, heart rate and blood pressure has
returned to pre-dose levels.
Section 4.4 Special warnings and precautions for
use
Rapiscan has the potential to cause serious and life-
threatening reactions, including those listed below.
Rapiscan should be used with caution and should
only be administered in a medical facility with
cardiac monitoring and resuscitation equipment.
Aminophylline may be administered in doses
ranging from 50 mg to 250 mg by slow intravenous
injection (50 mg to 100 mg over 30-60 seconds) to
attenuate severe and/or persistent adverse reactions
to Rapiscan but should not be used solely for the
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purpose of terminating a seizure induced by
Rapiscan.
Combination with exercise
Use of Rapiscan involving exercise has been
associated with serious adverse reactions including
hypotension, hypertension, syncope and cardiac
arrest. Patients who have had any symptoms or
signs suggestive of acute myocardial ischaemia
during exercise or recovery are likely to be at
especially high risk of serious adverse reactions.
Regadenoson is only administered in a hospital or
clinic setting by a health care professional and is
restricted to use in a medical facility where cardiac
monitoring and resuscitation equipment are
available. It is available as a prescription only
medicine. The SPC also states that aminophylline
can be used to attenuate severe and/or persistent
adverse reactions to Rapiscan.
Safety in Children SPC information that is relevant to the lack of
safety information in children is presented below.
The EMA has adopted a
Decision granting a
Paediatric Investigation
Plan (PIP) for regadenoson
in the diagnosis of
myocardial perfusion
disturbances and a deferral
of studies in all paediatric
age groups (24 April 2009;
EMEA-000410-PIP01-08;
P/82/2009). A modification
to the PIP has been adopted
by the Paediatric Committee
(PDCO) on 17 Oct 2013
(EMEA-00410-PIP01-08-
M01) to change exclusion
criteria to enhance the
probability of subject
enrolment and to remove
the requirement to enrol
neonates since the
assessment of myocardial
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perfusion disturbances in
this age group
Section 4.2 Posology and Method of
Administration
Paediatric population
The safety and efficacy of Rapiscan in children
below the age of 18 years have not yet been
established. No data are available.
Section 5.2 Pharmacokinetic properties
Paediatric population
The pharmacokinetic parameters of regadenoson
have not yet been studied in the paediatric
population (< 18 years).
Regadenoson is available as a prescription only
medicine.
Safety in Pregnancy SPC information that is relevant to the lack of
safety information in pregnancy is presented below.
None proposed
Section 4.6 Fertility, pregnancy and lactation
Pregnancy
There are no adequate data from the use of
regadenoson in pregnant women. Animal studies on
pre- and post-natal development have not been
conducted. Fetotoxicity, but not teratogenicity, was
noted in embryo-foetal development studies. The
potential risk for humans is unknown. Rapiscan
should not be used during pregnancy unless clearly
necessary.
Section 5.3 Preclinical safety data
Non-clinical data reveal no special hazard for
humans based on conventional studies of safety
pharmacology, single and repeated dose toxicity,
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genotoxicity, or embryo-foetal development. Signs
of maternal and foetal toxicity were seen in rats and
rabbits (reduced foetal weights, delays in
ossification [rats], reduced litter size and number of
live foetuses [rabbits]), but not teratogenicity.
Foetal toxicity was noted following repeated daily
administration of regadenoson, but at doses
sufficiently in excess of the recommended human
dose. Fertility and pre- and post-natal studies have
not been conducted.
Regadenoson is available as a prescription only
medicine
Safety in lactation SPC information that is relevant to the lack of
safety information in lactation is presented below.
None proposed
Section 4.6 Fertility, pregnancy and lactation
Breast-feeding
It is unknown whether regadenoson is excreted in
human breast milk. The excretion of regadenoson
in milk has not been studied in animals. A decision
should be made whether to discontinue breast-
feeding or to abstain from Rapiscan administration
taking into account the benefit of breast- feeding
for the child and the benefit of therapy for the
woman. If Rapiscan is administered, the woman
should not breast feed for at least 10 hours (that is,
at least 5 times the plasma elimination half life)
following Rapiscan administration.
Regadenoson is available as a prescription only
medicine
Safety in patients
with severe hepatic
impairment
SPC information that is relevant to the lack of
safety information in patients with hepatic
impairment is presented below.
A two part, non-
interventional, post-
authorization safety study
(PASS) to assess the safety
profile of Rapiscan
(regadenoson) in patients
with liver impairment and to
observe common adverse
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events reported in the post
marketing setting (01-1-401)
was conducted. The
objectives of study 01-1-401
were for part A to assess the
safety profile (changes in
haemodynamics, frequency
and severity of adverse
events) of regadenoson (0.4
mg/5 mL intravenous (IV)
bolus) in patients with end-
stage liver disease (ESLD)
compared with matched
controls without liver
disease, using retrospective
medical record review and
for part B to prospectively
collect safety information in
a real-life, post-marketing
setting, in patients with a
clinical indication for a
pharmacological stress
myocardial perfusion
imaging (MPI) study, with
commercially available
regadenoson (0.4 mg/5 mL
IV bolus) to determine or
characterize the common
adverse drug reactions
(ADRs).
Regadenoson was well
tolerated in patients with
ESLD and there were no
new or unexpected safety
concerns.
Section 4.2 Posology and Method of
Administration
Posology
Hepatic impairment
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No dose adjustment is necessary.
Section 5.2 Pharmacokinetic properties
Hepatic impairment
Greater than 55% of the regadenoson dose is
excreted unchanged in the urine and factors that
decrease clearance does not affect the plasma
concentration in the early stages after dosing when
clinically meaningful pharmacologic effects are
observed. The pharmacokinetic parameters of
regadenoson have not been specifically evaluated in
those with varying degrees of hepatic impairment.
Regadenoson is available as a prescription only
medicine
Safety in patients
with prolonged QT
syndrome
SPC information which is relevant to the lack of
safety information in patients with prolonged QT
syndrome is presented below
None proposed
Section 4.4 Special warnings and precautions for
use
Long QT syndrome
Regadenoson stimulates sympathetic output and
may increase the risk of ventricular
tachyarrhythmias in patients with a long QT
syndrome.
Section 4.8 Undesirable Effects
Tabulated summary of adverse reactions
Cardiac Disorders:
Common: Other ECG abnormalities including
electrocardiogram QT corrected interval prolonged
Description of selected adverse reactions
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Regadenoson increases sympathetic tone, which
causes an increase in heart rate and a shortening of
the QT interval. In a patient with a long QT
syndrome, sympathetic stimulation can result in
less shortening of the QT interval than is normal
and may even cause a paradoxical increase in the
QT interval. In these patients, the phenomenon of
R-on-T syndrome can occur, wherein an extra beat
interrupts the T wave of the previous beat, and this
increases the risk of a ventricular tachyarrhythmia.
Regadenoson is only administered in a hospital or
clinic setting by a health care professional and is
restricted to use in a medical facility where cardiac
monitoring and resuscitation equipment are
available. It is available as a prescription only
medicine. The SPC also states that aminophylline
can be used to attenuate severe and/or persistent
adverse reactions to Rapiscan but should not be
used solely for the purpose of terminating a seizure
induced by Rapiscan.
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VI.2 Elements for a Public Summary
VI.2.1 Overview of disease epidemiology
Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a progressive disease that can cause blockage of the
vessels that supply blood and nutrition to the heart. This process results in myocardial
ischemia, which can cause chest pain, angina and myocardial infarction (or “heart attack”).
Approximately 3 million people in the EU are affected by CAD, who requires diagnostic
tests to determine the presence, location and severity of their disease.
Myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) is a non-invasive diagnostic procedure that
determines the functional consequence of an obstruction resulting from coronary artery
disease. When combined with single-photon emission computed tomography, MPI
facilitates the diagnosis of coronary artery disease, assesses the risk of future cardiac
events, and guides clinical decisions regarding medical treatment, revascularisation or
urgent intervention.
Fractional flow reserve (FFR) is a technique used in coronary catheterization to measure
pressure differences across a coronary artery stenosis (narrowing, usually due to plaque build-
up) to determine the likelihood that the stenosis impedes oxygen delivery to the heart muscle
(myocardial ischemia).
Regadenoson is a selective coronary vasodilator for use as a pharmacological stress agent
for radionuclide MPI in adult patients unable to undergo adequate exercise stress and for
the measurement of FFR of coronary artery stenosis of unknown functional significance in
adult patients
VI.2.1 Summary of treatment benefits
A total of 3,142 patients have been dosed to regadenoson in thirteen clinical trials: 1,684
of these patients were enrolled in the Phase 3 studies (ADVANCE MPI 1 and 2 studies
and 3606-CL-3002) in the target population of patients with a clinical indication for
pharmacological stress radionuclide myocardial perfusion imaging, and 1,006 patients
were enrolled in the Phase 4 studies examining the safety and tolerance of regadenoson in
subjects with asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD; study 3606-CL-
3001) or renal impairment (study 3606-CL-3010). The pivotal Phase 3 trials tested the
safety and efficacy of regadenoson compared to adenosine in patients clinically indicated
to undergo a pharmacological stress myocardial perfusion imaging study. The ADVANCE
MPI 1 and ADVANCE MPI 2 studies, individually and combined, demonstrated that
Rapiscan is effective in assessing the extent of reversible myocardial perfusion
abnormalities, which is used to diagnose coronary artery disease. Although the knowledge
of the safety of regadenoson continues to increase with its use in clinical practice, in the
phase 3 trials some adverse reactions appeared less frequently with regadenoson than
adenosine (chest pain, flushing and ‘throat neck and jaw pain’) and some adverse reactions
(headache) were higher with regadenoson than adenosine.
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FFR measurements obtained with regadenoson are nearly identical to the pharmacological
stress agent adenosine. Although adenosine has been established clinically as the gold
standard for the measurement of FFR to guide percutaneous coronary intervention,
adenosine is not approved for this use. Although the use of FFR to guide coronary
intervention has been demonstrated to improve patient outcomes (death, myocardial
infarction, and urgent revascularization) and health resource utilization {Fearon 2010},
there is no pharmacological stress agent approved for use to cause maximum hyperaemia
during the measurement of FFR. Thus, a significant unmet medical need exists for a
regadenoson to be indicated for the measurement of FFR.
Regadenoson provides a more convenient mode of administration, and a less error-prone
dosing alternative to the other vasodilator stress agents currently used in radionuclide MPI
procedures and for the measurement of FFR, and may prove to be better tolerated than
adenosine.
VI.2.2 Unknowns relating to treatment benefits
Insufficient information exists using Rapiscan for the diagnosis of coronary artery disease
in children or in women who are pregnant or breast feeding. There is insufficient
information regarding the use of Rapiscan in patients with prolonged QT interval.
VI.2.3 Summary of safety concerns
Important identified risks
Risk What is known Preventability
Heart block
(SA/ AV nodal block)
Adenosine receptor agonists including
regadenoson can depress the sinoatrial
(SA) and AV nodes and may cause first,
second or third degree AV block, or sinus
bradycardia.
Regadenoson is only administered in a hospital
or clinic setting by a health care professional
and is restricted to use in a medical facility
where cardiac monitoring and resuscitation
equipment are available. It is available as a
prescription only medicine. The SPC also states
that aminophylline can be used to attenuate
severe and/or persistent adverse reactions to
Rapiscan.
Heart attack
(Myocardial
ischaemia)
Fatal cardiac arrest, life-threatening
ventricular arrhythmias, and myocardial
infarction may result from the ischaemia
induced by pharmacologic stress agents
like regadenoson.
Regadenoson is only administered in a hospital
or clinic setting by a health care professional
and is restricted to use in a medical facility
where cardiac monitoring and resuscitation
equipment are available. The SPC states that
aminophylline can be used to attenuate severe
and/or persistent adverse reactions to Rapiscan.
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Risk What is known Preventability
Interaction with
dipyridamole
Dipyridamole increases blood adenosine
levels and the response to regadenoson
may be altered when blood adenosine
levels are increased. When possible,
dipyridamole should be withheld for at
least two days prior to Rapiscan
administration
Patients are advised to not take any medications
containing dipyridamole for at least two days
prior to Rapiscan administration. The SPC states
that aminophylline can be used to attenuate
severe and/or persistent adverse reactions to
Rapiscan.
Allergy
(Hypersensitivity)
An allergic reaction, which can cause
rash, wheals/wheals, swelling under the
skin near the eyes or throat, throat
tightness, and difficulty in breathing may
occur immediately or have delayed onset
after Rapiscan injection.
Regadenoson is only administered in a hospital
or clinic setting by a health care professional
and is restricted to use in a medical facility
where cardiac monitoring and resuscitation
equipment are available. . The SPC states that
aminophylline can be used to attenuate
severe and/or persistent adverse reactions to
Rapiscan.
Low blood pressure
(Hypotension)
Adenosine receptor agonists including
regadenoson induce arterial vasodilation
and hypotension. The risk of serious
hypotension may be higher in patients
with autonomic dysfunction,
hypovolemia, left main coronary artery
stenosis, stenotic valvular heart disease,
pericarditis or pericardial effusions, or
stenotic carotid artery disease with
cerebrovascular insufficiency.
Blood pressure and heart rate should be
measured at frequent intervals.
Regadenoson is only administered in a hospital
or clinic setting by a health care professional
and is restricted to use in a medical facility
where cardiac monitoring and resuscitation
equipment are available. The SPC also states
that aminophylline can be used to attenuate
severe and/or persistent adverse reactions to
Rapiscan.
Elevated blood
pressure
(Hypertension,
hypertensive crisis)
Administration of adenosine receptor
agonists, including Rapiscan, may result
in clinically significant
increases in blood pressure in some
patients. Among patients who experienced
an increase in blood pressure in clinical
trials, the increase was observed within
minutes of Rapiscan administration. Most
increases resolved within 10 to 15
minutes, but in some cases, increases were
observed at 45 minutes following
administration. In post-marketing
experience, cases of potentially clinically
significant hypertension have been
reported, particularly with underlying
hypertension and when low-level exercise
was included.
Blood pressure and heart rate should be
measured at frequent intervals.
Regadenoson is only administered in a
hospital or clinic setting by a health care
professional and is restricted to use in a medical
facility where cardiac monitoring and
resuscitation equipment are available. The SPC
also states that aminophylline can be used to
attenuate severe and/or persistent adverse
reactions to Rapiscan.
Brain attack, stroke Risk factors for stroke and transient
ischemic attack (mini-stroke) include
Blood pressure and heart rate should be
measured at frequent intervals. Patients should
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Risk What is known Preventability
(transient ischemic
attacks and
cerebrovascular
accident, CVA)
hypertension, diabetes mellitus, smoking,
and dyslipidaemia – factors also
associated with coronary artery disease
and will therefore be prevalent in the
population undergoing a pharmacological
stress myocardial perfusion imaging
study.
Rapiscan may cause an increase in blood
pressure, a decrease in blood pressure
(also called hypotension) and atrial
fibrillation, each of which are risk factors
for a brain attack (stroke). Rarely,
Rapiscan can cause a stroke.
remain sitting or lying down and be monitored
at frequent intervals after the injection until the
ECG parameters, heart rate and blood pressure
has returned to pre-dose levels. Rapiscan should
only be used in a medical facility where
monitoring and resuscitative equipment are
available.
Aminophylline can be used to attenuate severe
and/or persistent adverse reactions to Rapiscan
Seizures Rapiscan is an adenosine receptor agonist
with selectivity for the adenosine A2A
receptor over the adenosine A1 receptor.
Adenosine A2A receptors may have a role
in controlling the evolution of seizures by
lowering seizure threshold.
Caution should be used when administering
Rapiscan to patients with a history of seizures or
other risk factors for seizures, including the
concomitant administration of medicinal
products that lower seizure threshold (e.g.
antipsychotics, antidepressants, theophyllines,
tramadol, systemic steroids and quinolones).
Prolongation of
regadenoson- induced
seizures following
administration of
aminophylline
Administration of aminophylline has been
associated with seizures.
Aminophylline may also be used to
attenuate other severe and persistent
adverse reactions after Rapiscan
administration. The efficacy and safety of
intravenous aminophylline in the
treatment of seizures induced by Rapiscan
have not been assessed.
Aminophylline may prolong a seizure or cause
multiple seizures because of its proconvulsant
effect. Therefore, caution should be exercised
when considering administration of
aminophylline solely for the purpose of
terminating a seizure induced by Rapiscan.
Worsening/
recurrence of atrial
fibrillation
Regadenoson may cause direct
stimulation of the sympathetic nervous
system and release epinephrine and
norepinephine, which in turn may result in
deterioration of pre-existing atrial
fibrillation. In post-marketing experience,
there have been cases of worsening or
recurrence of atrial fibrillation after
administration of Rapiscan.
Rapiscan should be used with caution in patients
with a history of atrial fibrillation or flutter.
Regadenoson is only administered in a hospital
or clinic setting by a health care professional
and is restricted to use in a medical facility
where cardiac monitoring and resuscitation
equipment are available.
Aminophylline can be used to attenuate severe
and/or persistent adverse reactions to Rapiscan.
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Risk What is known Preventability
Respiratory
compromise
(bronchoconstriction
and respiratory arrest)
Adenosine receptor agonists, including
Rapiscan, may cause respiratory
compromise (bronchoconstriction and
respiratory arrest), especially in patients
with known or suspected
bronchoconstrictive disease, chronic
obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or
asthma. Appropriate bronchodilator
therapy and resuscitative measures should
be available prior to Rapiscan
administration. In post-marketing
experience incidences of respiratory
compromise (bronchoconstriction and
respiratory arrest) was due to a history of
COPD/asthma. None of these cases
resulted in serious complications such as
respiratory arrest, intubation or a fatal
outcome. Bronchocontriction and
respiratory arrest should be carefully
monitored.
Appropriate bronchodilator therapy and
resuscitative measures should be available prior
to Rapiscan administration.
Caution should be used when administering
Rapiscan to patients with a history of
COPD/asthma.
Important potential risks
Risk What is known (Including reason why it is considered a potential risk)
Use in combination with
exercise
In most patients, Rapiscan causes a rapid increase in heart rate and may also increase
blood pressure. Exercise may also increase heart rate and blood pressure, which if
combined may raise these parameters to unsafe levels. Patients should remain sitting
or lying down and be monitored at frequent intervals after the injection until the
ECG parameters, heart rate and blood pressure has returned to pre-dose levels.
Missing information
Risk What is known
Limited information on
safety in pregnancy
There are no adequate data from the use of Rapiscan in pregnant women. Animal
studies on pre- and post-natal development have not been conducted. Fetotoxicity,
but not teratogenicity, was noted in embryo-foetal development studies (see section
5.3). The potential risk for humans is unknown. Rapiscan should not be used during
pregnancy unless clearly necessary.
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Risk What is known
Limited information on
safety in lactation
It is unknown whether regadenoson is excreted in human breast milk. The excretion
of regadenoson in milk has not been studied in animals. A decision should be made
whether to discontinue breast-feeding or to abstain from Rapiscan administration
taking into account the benefit of breast-feeding for the child and the benefit of
therapy for the woman. If Rapiscan is administered, the woman should not breast-
feed for at least 10 hours (that is, at least 5 times the plasma elimination half-life)
following Rapiscan administration.
Limited information on
safety in children
The pharmacokinetic parameters of regadenoson have not yet been studied in the
paediatric population (< 18 years).
Limited information on
safety in patients with
severe hepatic impairment
Greater than 55% of the regadenoson dose is excreted unchanged in the urine and
factors that decrease clearance does not affect the plasma concentration in the early
stages after dosing when clinically meaningful pharmacologic effects are observed.
The pharmacokinetic parameters of regadenoson have not been specifically
evaluated in those with varying degrees of hepatic impairment. However, post-hoc
analysis of data from the two Phase 3 clinical trials showed that the
pharmacokinetics of regadenoson were not affected in a small subset of patients with
laboratory values suggestive of impaired hepatic function (2.5-fold transaminase
elevation or 1.5-fold elevation of serum bilirubin or prothrombin time). A completed
PAS study also reported that regadenoson was well tolerated in patients with ESLD
and there were no new or unexpected safety concerns. No dose adjustment is needed
in patients with hepatic impairment.
Limited information on
safety in patients with
prolonged QT syndrome
Regadenoson stimulates sympathetic output and may increase the risk of ventricular
tachyarrhythmias in patients with a long QT syndrome.
VI.2.4 Summary of risk minimisation measures by safety concern
All medicines have a Summary of Product Characteristics (SPC) that provides physicians,
pharmacists and other health care professionals with details on how to use the medicine,
the risks and recommendations for minimising them. An abbreviated version of this in lay
language is provided in the form of the package leaflet (PL). The measures in these
documents are known as routine risk minimisation measures.
The Summary of Product Characteristics and the Package leaflet for Rapiscan
(regadenoson) can be found in the Rapiscan’s EPAR page.
A Direct Healthcare Professional Communication (DHPC) was issued to communicate the
identified risk of cerebrovascular accident and the risk of aminophylline prolongation of
regadenoson-induced seizure and the relevant clinical actions to minimize these
occurrences
This medicine has special conditions and restrictions for its safe and effective use
(additional risk minimisation measures). Full details on these conditions and the key
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elements of any educational material can be found in Annex II of the product information
which is published in Rapiscan’s EPAR page; how they are implemented in each country
however will depend upon agreement between the manufacturer and the national
authorities.
These additional risk minimisation measures are for the following risk:
Stroke (Cerebrovascular accident)
Prolongation of regadenoson-induced seizures following administration of
aminophylline
Direct healthcare professional communication
Objective and rationale
• A Direct Healthcare Professional Communication (DHPC) to educate the identified risk of cerebrovascular
accident and the risk of aminophylline prolongation of regadenoson-induced seizure and the relevant clinical
actions to minimize these occurrences.
Proposed action - Completed
• Direct HCP communication was implemented 23 Dec 2014
Safety in patients with severe liver disease (hepatic impairment)
A study to examine the safety of Rapiscan in patients with severe liver disease
Objective and rationale
To assess the safety profile in patients with liver impairment and to observe common adverse events reported in
the post marketing setting.
Proposed action
A study was completed which examined the safety profile of regadenoson in patients with severe liver disease.
Use in combination with exercise
A study to examine the safety of Rapiscan in combination with exercise
Objective and rationale
• To assess the safety and efficacy of Rapiscan administered in combination with exercise.
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Proposed action
• A study was completed which examines the safety and efficacy of regadenoson administered in combination
with exercise.
• The SPC was changed.
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VI.2.5 Planned post authorisation development plan
List of studies in post authorisation development plan
Study/activity
(including study
number)
Objectives Safety concerns
/efficacy issue
addressed
Status Planned date for
submission of
(interim and) final
results
3606-CL-3001
A phase 4,
multicenter, double-
blind, randomized,
placebo-controlled
study of the safety and
tolerance of
regadenoson in
subjects with asthma
or chronic obstructive
pulmonary disease
(COPD).
To determine the
safety and tolerability
of regadenoson as
measured by change
in forced expiratory
volume in 1 second
(FEV1) when
administered to
subjects with hyper-
responsive or
obstructive airway
disease (i.e., asthma
or COPD)
In the asthma stratum,
there was no
statistically significant
difference in the
proportion of subjects
with a > 15% decrease
in FEV1 from
baseline to the 2-hour
post baseline
assessment in the
regadenoson group
(1.1%) compared with
the placebo group
(2.9%)
In the COPD stratum,
there was no
statistically significant
difference in the
proportion of subjects
with a >15% decrease
in FEV1 from
baseline to the 2-hour
post baseline
assessment in the
regadenoson group
(4.2%) compared with
the placebo group
(5.4%)
Completed Submitted 2011
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Study/activity
(including study
number)
Objectives Safety concerns
/efficacy issue
addressed
Status Planned date for
submission of
(interim and) final
results
3606-CL-3010
A phase 4,
multicenter, double-
blind, randomized,
placebo-controlled
study of the safety and
tolerance of
regadenoson in
subjects with renal
impairment
To determine the
safety and tolerability
of regadenoson in
subjects with Stage III
or Stage IV renal
impairment
Regadenoson was safe
and well tolerated in
subjects with Stage III
or Stage IV renal
impairment.
There were no SAEs
that occurred during
the study from the
start of study drug
administration until
follow-up at 24 hours
post dose.
Completed Submitted 2011
3606-CL-3002
A Phase 3b,
Multicenter,
Randomized, Double-
Blind, Placebo-
Controlled Study to
Evaluate the Effect of
Caffeine Intake on
Single Photon
Emission Computed
Tomography
(SPECT) Myocardial
Perfusion Imaging
(MPI) in Subjects
Administered
Regadenoson.
To determine whether
oral administration of
200 mg or 400 mg
caffeine adversely
compromised
diagnostic accuracy of
detecting reversible
defects in adult
subjects with a known
likelihood of coronary
artery disease (CAD)
undergoing single
photon emission
computed tomography
(SPECT) myocardial
perfusion imaging
(MPI) with
regadenoson
Caffeine adversely
compromised the
diagnostic accuracy of
detecting ischemic
reversible defects in
adult subjects with a
known likelihood of
CAD undergoing
SPECT MPI with
regadenoson.
Completed Submitted 2011
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Study/activity
(including study
number)
Objectives Safety concerns
/efficacy issue
addressed
Status Planned date for
submission of
(interim and) final
results
3606-CL-2001
A Phase 2, Open-
Label, Randomized,
Cross-Over Study of
Regadenoson in
Subjects Undergoing
Stress Myocardial
Perfusion Imaging by
Multidetector
Computed
Tomography (MDCT)
and Single Photon
Emission Computed
Tomography
(SPECT)
To establish the non-
inferiority of
myocardial perfusion
imaging (MPI) using
Multidetector
Computed
Tomography (MDCT)
with regadenoson as
compared to Single
Photon Emission
Computed
Tomography (SPECT)
with regadenoson in
detecting the presence
or absence of
ischemia (number of
reversible defects).
To assess the safety
and efficacy of
regadenoson (400
mcg) during the
acquisition of
myocardial perfusion
MDCT vesus SPECT
imaging.
Completed Final study report
submitted Dec 2013.
3606-CL-1005
A Phase 1,
Randomized, Double-
blind, Dose
Escalation, Parallel
Group, Placebo-
controlled, Repeat
Dose Tolerance Study
of Regadenoson in
Healthy Subjects
To determine the
safety, tolerability,
and pharmacokinetics
of two or three repeat
intravenous (IV) bolus
doses of regadenoson
administered 10
minutes apart in
healthy supine
subjects
The safety of repeat
dosing within less
than 24 hours is not
known. This study is
designed to assess the
safety of two or three
repeat doses 10
minutes apart.
Completed Study status noted in
PSUR#7, dated 18 Jun
2014.
Final study report
submitted Jun 2014
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Study/activity
(including study
number)
Objectives Safety concerns
/efficacy issue
addressed
Status Planned date for
submission of
(interim and) final
results
3606-CL-3004
A Phase 3b, Open-
Label, Parallel Group,
Randomized,
Multicenter Study to
Assess Regadenoson
Administration
Following an
Inadequate Exercise
Stress Test as
Compared to
Regadenoson Alone
For Myocardial
Perfusion Imaging
(MPI) Using Single
Photon Emission
Computed
Tomography
(SPECT).
To demonstrate that
the strength of
agreement between
single photon
emission computed
tomography (SPECT)
imaging with
regadenoson
following inadequate
exercise stress testing
and SPECT imaging
with regadenoson
alone is not inferior to
the strength of
agreement between
two sequential
regadenoson SPECT
images without
exercise
The safety and
efficacy of the
combination of
regadenoson with
exercise.
Completed Post-marketing safety
assessment of
regadenoson in
combination with
exercise (3606- CL-
3004) is completed.
Studies which are a condition of the marketing authorisation
None of the above studies are conditions of the marketing authorisation.
VI.2.6 Summary of changes to the Risk Management Plan over time
Major changes to the Risk Management Plan over time
Version Date Safety Concerns Comment
1.1 At time of
Marketing
Authorization
07/09/2010
Identified Risks:
• SA/AV nodal block
• Myocardial ischemia
• Hypotension
• Dyspnoea
Gilead Sciences
International Ltd (MAH)
at time of Rapiscan
Marketing Authorization.
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Version Date Safety Concerns Comment
• Headache
• Interaction with dipyridamole Potential Risks:
• Bronchoconstriction Missing Information
• Safety in children
• Safety in pregnancy
• Safety in lactation
• Safety in patients with hepatic disease
• Safety in patients with renal impairment
• Safety in patients with prolonged QT syndrome
2.0 At time of
authorisation of
Marketing
Authorization
Holder transfer to
RPS EU Ltd
11/01/2011
Details of the PASS study were updated.
Results of the Phase 4 studies investigating the safety
and tolerance of regadenoson in subjects with asthma or
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (Study 3606-CL-
3001) or renal impairment (Study 3606-CL-3010) were
included.
Safety in patients with renal impairment was removed
from list of missing information.
MAH RPS EU Ltd adopts
RMP of prior MAH
Gilead Sciences and
updates as appropriate.
3.0 July 2011 Dyspnoea and headache were removed as identified
risks.
Results of the Phase 3b study evaluating the effect of
caffeine intake on Single Photon Emission Computed
Tomography (SPECT) Myocardial Perfusion Imaging
(MPI) in subjects administered regadenoson (Study
3606-CL-3002) were included.
4.0 June 2013 Added “hypersensitivity” as an important identified risk
and included “off-label use involving exercise” as an
important potential risk.
Added 3606-CL-3004 to post-authorization
development plan.
RMP updated to new
RMP template according
to 2012 EU PV
legislation.
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Version Date Safety Concerns Comment
5.0 December 2013 Added “Seizures”, “worsening/recurrence of atrial
fibrillation” and “elevated blood pressure” as important
identified risks and “CVA” as an important potential
risk
RMP updated to reflect
the current “Guidance on
format of the risk
management plan (RMP)
in the EU – in integrated
format” (25 July 2013,
EMA/465932/2013
Rev.1).
6.0 May 2014 Added “Cerebrovascular accident (CVA)” and
“prolongation of regadenoson induced seizures
following aminophylline” as important identified risks.
Reclassified “elevated blood pressure” to “elevated
blood pressure and hypertensive crisis”.
RMP updated in line with
the PRAC Rapporteur
final report
EMEA/H/C/001176/PSU
012 dated 08 May 2014
7.0 October 2014 Updates regarding the additional risk minimization
measure of a Direct Healthcare Professional
Communication.
RMP updated in line with
the PRAC Rapporteur
preliminary assessment
report
EMEA/H/C/001176/PSU
V/0015 dated 05 Sep
2014-Request for
supplementary
information
8.0 May 2015 Updates to combine respiratory arrest and
bronchoconstriction under a single important identified
risk “Respiratory compromise (bronchoconstriction and
respiratory arrest)”
RMP updated in line with
the PRAC PSUR
assessors report for
PSUR#8
EMEA/H/C/PSUSA/00
002616/201410 dated 07
May 2015
9.0 June 2016 Updates to clinical and post-marketing exposures and
completion of Study 3606-CL-3004.
10.0 May 2017 Updates to reflect the proposed indication of FFR and
completion of PASS 401 study (01-1-401)
The overall safety profile
has not changed.