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Refugee Action, Victoria Charity Centre, 11 Belgrave Road, London SW1V 1RB Tel 0207 952 1511 http://www.refugee-action.org.uk Registered Charity number 283660 Company Registration number 1593454 OISC Authorisation Number N200100071 Refugee Action’s Choices Service Post-Return Client Feedback Report April 2014 - March 2015

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Page 1: Refugee Action’s Choices Service Post-Return Client Feedback … · Post-return client feedback April 2014 – March 2015 Page 8 of 33 3.3 Problems at the return airport Problems

Refugee Action, Victoria Charity Centre, 11 Belgrave Road, London SW1V 1RB

Tel 0207 952 1511 http://www.refugee-action.org.uk

Registered Charity number 283660

Company Registration number 1593454

OISC Authorisation Number N200100071

Refugee Action’s Choices Service

Post-Return Client Feedback Report

April 2014 - March 2015

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CONTENTS

1 Introduction 3

2 Sustainable return 3

3 Client feedback 2014-2015 5

3.1 Headline issues highlighted by client feedback 5

3.2 Reports of safety issues 6

3.3 Problems at the return airport 8

3.4 Satisfaction with the service 9

3.5 Life in the country of return 11

3.6 Influence of friends and family 12

3.7 In employment or running a business 12

3.8 Re-migration 13

3.9 Internal relocation 13

3.10 Gender 14

4 Looking towards the future … 17

5 Appendix 20

5.1 Reports of safety issues 21

5.2 Problems at the return airport 22

5.3 Satisfaction with the service 23

5.4 Life in the country of return 25

5.5 Influence of friends and family 27

5.6 In employment or running a business 28

5.7 Re-migration 29

5.8 Internal relocation 29

5.9 Gender 30

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1 Introduction

After over 10 years of providing advice to those considering returning

to their country, Refugee Action took on the UK’s Assisted Voluntary

Return programme in April 2011. Through non-directive, impartial and

confidential advice the Choices service enables people to consider all

options available to them, including voluntary return. This supportive

environment allows people to make their own, fully informed decision.

For those who decide to return to their country of origin, the Choices

service strives to support them to achieve a sustainable return.

Refugee Action gathers and collates data on the sustainability of return

and the quality of service received from Choices and its partner

organisations. The analysis of post-return feedback is essential to

highlight potential issues faced by returnees and ways to improve the

service.

This report looks at feedback given over the period of April 2014 to

March 2015, which was gathered through telephone contact and

recorded on the client database. Clients were contacted for feedback

two weeks after return and again after five months. It is important to

note that feedback numbers were limited in 2014/15, particularly at the

five months point. At two weeks 38% of returnees gave feedback and

at five months 8% (percentages are of the total number of returnees for

2014/15). This reflects difficulties related to lack of clarity about the

future of the Choices service.

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2 Sustainable return

Refugee Action has developed the following working definition of

sustainable return in discussion with overseas partners:

“Sustainable return occurs when an individual (and their family):

a) are able to engage in income generation sufficient to meet the

accommodation and subsistence needs of their family,

b) have successfully re-established family and social ties and feel a

sense of belonging to the return community,

c) do not suffer persecution or violence as a result of the political or

security situation in the country of return,

d) do not need to re-migrate except where this is via safe regulated

migration routes.” 1

1Points a, c and d are based on the classification supplied by Black et al in

‘Understanding Voluntary Return’ (2004) published by the Home Office. Point b was

developed following feedback from the Choices overseas partners. Despite a person

having sufficient money, physical safety and accommodation they still may not feel like

they “belong” either because they have not developed social ties with family and

friends, or because they still feel a connection or sense of belonging to the UK. Point b

therefore values the impact of social capital, the value of social connections and

networks in experiencing a sustainable return.

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3 Client feedback 2014/2015

3.1 Headline issues highlighted by client feedback

In 2014/15 there were reports of returnees’ concerns about their

personal safety in the following main countries of return:

Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Iran, Iraq-Kurdistan, Pakistan and Sri

Lanka.

Returnees to Pakistan, Sri Lanka and India were often stopped at

the airport of return by immigration officials, in many cases

demanding bribes. In 2014/15 a high number of returnees to Iran

also told us they had been questioned and detained on arrival at

the airport (46%).

Levels of satisfaction with Refugee Action’s Choices service

were very high across all countries. After 2 weeks 100% of

returnees giving feedback were happy with all or parts of the

service; after 5 months 99%. Only two out of a total of 525 clients

we spoke to after their return were unhappy with the service.

The majority of returnees (71%) told us that life in the country of

return was better or the same as expected at the two weeks

feedback point. After five months returnees were slightly less

positive about their lives, with 35% telling us that life was worse

than expected compared to 29% after two weeks.

Family and friends provided accommodation and/or financial

support to returnees in the majority of cases shortly after their

return. 67% relied at least partly on their financial support and 65%

initially stayed with friends and family. After five months these

figures were lower, with 38% being supported financially and 49%

sharing accommodation. In some countries such as India or China

a high percentage of clients lived with friends and family after five

months, but a smaller proportion received financial assistance from

friends and family.

Levels of being either in employment or involved in a business

were at an average of 50% for all countries at the five months

point. Returnees to India (67%) and Sri Lanka (63%) appear to

have been more successful than the total average in securing

employment or having their own business, but it is difficult to make

assumptions on the basis of the low overall feedback numbers.

After two weeks 15% of returnees told us about plans to re-

migrate. After five month the percentage was 32%, but feedback

numbers were considerably lower, so it is difficult to confirm this as

a trend. Clients with plans to re-migrate are often also concerned

about their personal safety, e.g. in countries such as Iran, Iraq-

Kurdistan and Sri Lanka.

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3.2 Reports of safety issues

An important element of sustainable return is that the returnee does

not suffer persecution or violence as a result of the political or security

situation in the country of return. While those who report concerns

about their safety may not be harmed, their fears may affect their

chances of psycho-social reintegration and ability to settle back into

networks of family and friends.

Returnees’ concerns for personal safety are significantly higher in

certain countries of return. In 2014/15 Bangladesh, Iran, Iraq-

Kurdistan, Pakistan and Sri Lanka were amongst the countries

where returnees were the most concerned about their personal safety.

Compared to the previous year an increasing number of returnees to

Iraq-Kurdistan said they were worried about their personal safety after

two weeks (29% compared to 12%), which reflects the deteriorating

political and security situation in Iraq particularly during the summer of

2014, when IS took control over parts of Iraq close to the Kurdistan

Region.

Some clients spoke about fears related to the reason why they had left

the country initially or claimed asylum in the UK. Others referred to

family disputes and issues within the community or were concerned

about general security issues, political unrest and war.

Some examples of reported safety issues in countries of return:

Bangladesh political reasons, crime levels and threats from

relatives

India political reasons, problems with people in the

community

Iran clients told us about being investigated by

authorities

Iraq-Kurdistan fear of IS, other terrorist groups and a possible

war

Pakistan general security situation, family disputes,

political and religious differences, mistrust in

judiciary

Sri Lanka fear of being monitored, worries about outcome

of presidential elections and the general

security situation

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3.2.1 Two week feedback

After two weeks 17% of returnees expressed concerns for their

personal safety.

Percentage of clients afraid for personal safety after two weeks (countries with 7 or more answers recorded):

“Every day I have to go to a different office for some investigation also they told me I can’t go outside this town and they forbid me to access internet I am like prisoner here I am not safe here.” 2

(see also appendix 5.1.1)

2 2 weeks feedback Iran

3.2.2 Five months feedback

After five months 24% of returnees expressed concerns about their

personal safety. Bangladesh (50%), Pakistan (26%) and Sri Lanka

(38%) saw the highest proportion of returnees with safety concerns,

but it has to be noted that the overall feedback numbers were very low.

“Client said that the political situation is very difficult. He said that he has no freedom of movement and he feels that he has been observed all the time.” 3

Family is safe but client said that people come up to him some times and say that if you come into our neighbourhood we will do this and that to you.” 4

(see also appendix 5.1.2)

3 5 months feedback Bangladesh

4 5 months feedback India

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

40%

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3.3 Problems at the return airport

Problems at the airport can occur in any country of return, but they are

most pronounced in a small number of countries.

While some issues with the return journey are concerned with logistics

(e.g. lost luggage or missed connections), some Choices returnees are

also detained, have to undergo long periods of questioning and/or are

pressured to pay a bribe. 82 out of a total of 468 returnees (18%) who

provided feedback on their return journey between April 2014 and

March 2015 reported problems on arrival at the airport.

21 (4%) had to pay a bribe in order to be able to leave the airport, with

an average of £96 paid per returnee, although the amount varied

between countries. 36 (8%) were detained and questioned for up to 4

hours and a further 7 (1%) for more than 4 hours.

Countries where problems at the return airport occurred most regularly

were India (15%), Iran (46%), Pakistan (30%) and Sri Lanka (40%).

A large number of returnees to these countries also reported problems

in previous years.

In some cases, detention and questioning of a returnee at the return

airport may be specific to the individual (for instance if they were a

member of the opposition party or had left the country without a valid

visa). In others, questioning appears to be the result of immigration

officials being faced with travel documents they are not familiar with,

such as EU letters and Emergency Travel Documents (ETDs).

Travelling without a passport appears to increase the likelihood of

scrutiny at the border in several countries.

“Client stated that the journey was fine, but held for two hours by immigration authorities at the airport of arrival in India. He said he was questioned because of his ETD. He said he was questioned why he was in the UK. He was then released after two hours.” 5

In some countries immigration officials routinely demand bribes before

they release returnees. The occurrence of these situations is

particularly high in Pakistan (17%) and Sri Lanka (12%). Those bribed

in Pakistan reported paying on average the equivalent of £73. In Sri

Lanka the average was even higher at £140. This indicates difficulties

with any cash payment system on departure (as opposed to accessing

reintegration support in-country).

“He was told to pay some money and that he would be taken out of the airport with no issues. He gave some money but then he was taken halfway only and asked to pay some more money. Altogether it was £90.” 6

(see also appendix 5.2)

5 2 weeks feedback India

6 2 weeks feedback Sri Lanka

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3.4 Satisfaction with the service

3.4.1 Two week feedback

In order to successfully reintegrate, returnees need to prepare for and

plan their return, taking into account the situation in the country of

return. The Choices service helps clients to make logistical

arrangements and provides support to access financial assistance as

well as other guidance throughout the return process.

Feedback two weeks after return shows that 91% of returnees were

happy with all parts of the service they received from Choices. A

further 9% were happy with parts. Only 1 out of a total of 441 returnees

who provided feedback was unhappy with the service. Unfortunately

there is no further information available on the reasons for their

negative feedback. In Iran, where positive feedback was significantly

lower, this related to country-specific difficulties in accessing their

reintegration payments.

“Choices staff were very supportive. When there was a delay with my travel document and it looked like I might be homeless they were calling every day, trying to help me with my accommodation and trying to sort things out at the embassy.” 7

The following table compares the satisfaction with the service after two

weeks in countries with more than 20 answers to the question:

7 2 weeks feedback South Africa

COUNTRY % happy with

all parts of the service

% happy with parts of the

service

% unhappy with the service

China 100% 0% 0%

Iraq - Kurdistan 95% 5% 0%

India 94% 5% 2%

Pakistan 94% 6% 0%

Sri Lanka 94% 6% 0%

Iran 80% 20% 0%

All countries 91% 9% 0%

3.4.2 Five months feedback

Feedback numbers were relatively low for the five months point. All 84

clients except one who had expected more support from the overseas

partner told us they were happy with all or parts of the service.

“The client said he was very happy with the Choices service as it has

helped him reunite with his family. He said he received very good help

from Refugee Action. Client said that there were no improvements he

would recommend to the service as Choices helps people return with

"dignity and respect". “ 8

8 5 months feedback Pakistan

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3.4.3 Reasons why returnees are unhappy, or only happy with

parts of the Choices service

It is evident from client feedback that unhappiness with the service was

often related to difficulties in accessing reintegration assistance due to

the documentation required for payment or the time it took for money

transfers. Some returnees also stated that the level of financial support

was not enough.

Other issues identified in client feedback were related to travel

arrangements such as flights or excess baggage and problems

Emergency Travel Documents had caused at the return airport.

The qualitative feedback provided around unhappiness with the service

therefore appears to be an expression of the frustrations returnees feel

when it comes to practicalities and economic problems faced upon

return, rather than a comment on the advice received.

(see also appendix 5.3)

“Client pointed out that she will struggle to get receipt and invoices in advance to claim the remaining money. She said she has no money except the money she got at Heathrow.” 9

“ETD - passport would be better - cause problems.” 10

“Client said that the money doesn't come through fast enough. He said it is too slow at coming through. It needs to be improved.” 11

9 2 week feedback Pakistan

10 2 week feedback India

11 5 months feedback Malawi

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3.5 Life in the country of return

Asking returnees about their experience of life in the country of return

gives an indication of how well their expectations have been met. By

looking at feedback from major countries of return it is possible to

establish where returnees were more successful in starting a new life

and where they had difficulties. Feedback is not only based on their

experiences upon return, but also expectations they might have had

pre-return. It must also be noted that the same returnees do not

necessarily provide feedback at both points.

Overall feedback on life in the country of return is less positive five

months after return. While at the 2 weeks feedback point 71% said that

life was better or the same as expected, only 65% felt this way after

being in the country for several months. However, for some countries

feedback numbers at the five months point are very low.

Countries with high percentages of returnees reporting life as worse

than expected at the five month stage are: Bangladesh (50%), Iran

(50%), Pakistan (43%), and Sri Lanka (63%).

The only two countries with an increase in perceptions that life was

better or the same as expected are China and Zimbabwe. However,

we only have three answers at the five months point from Zimbabwe.

(see also appendix 5.4)

COUNTRY

2 weeks 5 months * change *

% better or same as expected

out of a total of answers recorded

% better or same as expected

out of a total of answers recorded

Bangladesh 75% (15) 20 50% (3) 6 25% reduction

China 70% (21) 30 71% (5) 7 1% increase

India 84% (57) 68 76% (13) 17 7% reduction

Iran 52% (12) 23 50% (2) 4 2% reduction

Nigeria 87% (13) 15 33% (1) 3 53% reduction

Pakistan 68% (45) 66 57% (13) 23 12% reduction

Sri Lanka 88% (43) 49 38% (3) 8 50% reduction

Zimbabwe 78% (14) 18 100% (3) 3 22% increase

All countries 71% (331) 466 65% (62) 95 6% reduction

*5 months trends should be treated with caution as feedback numbers are low.

“It’s okay, all the family have managed to settle back in now. All the children are enrolled into school. They are beginning to enjoy it now.” 12

“Life is no good in Pakistan. Security situation is not good. The person with money and power is secure in Pakistan. I rented the shop, started grocery business, someone looted my shop. I am single and no one takes care.” 13

12

5 months feedback Pakistan 13

5 months feedback Pakistan

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3.6 Influence of friends and family

Family and friends play a vital part in the reintegration of many

returnees. Their role is not limited to psycho-social support and the re-

establishment of social networks. They are also central to returnees’

ability to generate income, find a place to live, and survive when times

are difficult.

At the two weeks feedback point Sri Lanka (86%), Brazil (86%),

Nigeria (75%) and India (74%) had the highest levels of dependency

on friends and family in terms of financial support. A similarly high

percentage was dependent on friends and family for accommodation in

these countries except for Nigeria (44%). (see also appendix 5.5)

If return is sustainable, one would expect that support from friends and

family decreases over time. However, after five months the number of

Bangladeshi clients who received financial support from friends and

family increased from 55% to 67%, and the percentage of returnees

accommodated by friends and family remained at 50 percent.

In other countries reintegration appears to be more successful, with

fewer returnees requiring financial support after five months, e.g. 22%

in India and 38% in Sri Lanka. However, the majority of clients in both

countries continued to live with friends and family (India 65%, Sri

Lanka 57%), which may reflect the family structures in both countries.

3.7 In employment or running a business

The ability to generate enough income to support themselves and their

families is a vital element of sustainable reintegration. Post-return

feedback shows that this varies significantly from country to country.

While returnees appeared to be doing well in India and Pakistan (67%

were in employment or running their own business in India and 52% in

Pakistan), only one of the 6 returnees to Bangladesh had started a

business at the five months feedback point. (see also appendix 5.6)

There is also a difference in method of income generation depending

on the country. More returnees decided to start their own business

than seek employment in India (50% compared to 17%) and Pakistan

(39% compared to 13%). It is however unclear if this was due to a lack

of job opportunities.

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3.8 Re-migration

An intention to re-migrate implies that a return was not sustainable.

Re-migration contradicts ‘sustainable return’ unless it is done through

safe and legal migration routes. When analysing feedback it is not

possible to determine this, because returnees have not yet acted upon

these intentions. Those who reported plans to re-migrate are

presumed to have found problems in reintegrating following return,

which may be due to issues such as the inability to generate sufficient

income, establish social networks, or concerns about personal safety.

The countries showing the highest remigration intention rates after two

weeks are Iran (20%), Iraq-Kurdistan (33%) and Sri Lanka (21%).

Although only 10% of clients who returned to Bangladesh had plans to

re-migrate after two weeks, 4 out of 6 clients providing feedback after 5

months wanted to move to another country. In 2013-14 there had also

been a noticeable increase in clients who wanted to leave Bangladesh

five months after return.

In some countries reasons for remigration may relate to concerns

about safety, or lack of employment opportunities specific to returnees

(e.g. in Iraq Kurdistan). In others it should be noted that remittances

form a significant proportion of the GDP, for example in 2010 they

constituted 12% of Bangladesh’s GDP, with the government identifying

remittances as a key growth area. 14 (see also appendix 5.7)

“Client said that he is thinking to re-migrate because there is less opportunity for people who return from abroad to find employment and he is thinking to leave in the next 2-3 months.” 15

3.9 Internal relocation

In addition to re-migration, some returnees had plans to re-locate

within the country of return. This may have a range of reasons – in

some cases safety concerns, in others better job opportunities and/or

living conditions.

At two weeks 15% of returnees intended to re-locate, with the highest

percentage in Iran (28%) and Pakistan (25%). After five months this

reduced to 7% overall and to 9% in the case of Pakistan. This may

indicate that after 5 months people generally felt more settled, or had

moved to the area in which they intended to stay.

(see also appendix 5.8)

14

The World Bank (2011) Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011, 2nd

edition, available at: http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTLAC/Resources/Factbook2011-Ebook.pdf

15 2 weeks feedback Iraq-Kurdistan

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3.10 Gender

It is important to examine whether men and women experience return

differently. Please note that only the gender of main applicants is taken

into account in the analysis below; adults travelling as part of a family

unit do not appear in the feedback statistics.

In many countries the number of female main applicants is very low,

making it impossible to draw reliable conclusions from the feedback.

China, India, Nigeria, Pakistan and Zimbabwe have sufficient numbers

of female returnees who provided feedback after two weeks to

evaluate whether there are significant gender differences. However,

due to low overall numbers at the five months feedback point an

analysis of any change occurring over time is difficult.

3.10.1 Personal safety

Overall, similar percentages of men and women raised concerns for

their personal safety (14% of men and 17% of women at 2 weeks, and

21% of men and 19% of women at 5 months). However, there are

differences in some countries.

In Pakistan 42% of female returnees had safety concerns after two

weeks, compared to 27% of male clients. This may reflect the position

of women in Pakistan, making female returnees feel more vulnerable.

Many female clients spoke about family disputes and their fear of

relatives.

“She has serious concern about her safety from her in-laws. She presently lives in her friend’s house which is far away from her in-laws and safe as well.” 16

Female clients also report problems with their relatives in other

countries, e.g. in Malawi.

3.10.2 Problems at the airport

Similar to personal safety concerns there is no significant difference

between male and female main applicants experiencing problems at

the airport (18% of women and 20% of men).

3.10.3 Satisfaction with the Choices service

At the two weeks feedback point there is very little difference between

male and female feedback on the Choices service. At the five months

feedback point more men than women were unhappy with an element

of the service. However, the total number of answers obtained for this

question after five months is significantly lower than at the two weeks

feedback point.

16

2 weeks feedback Pakistan

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Satisfaction with the service

2 weeks 5 months

female male female male

Happy with all parts of the service

105 88% 302 91% 15 94% 55 81%

Happy with parts of the service

15 12% 29 9% 1 6% 12 18%

Unhappy with all parts of the service

0 0% 1 <1% 0 0% 1 1%

Total 120 332 16 68

3.10.4 Life in country of return

It is difficult to draw gender-specific conclusions from the data around

whether expectations of life in the country of return have been met. In

many countries, the statistics suggest no obvious difference. However

there are exceptions in some countries.

After two weeks men were more satisfied with their lives than women

in Bangladesh (81% compared to 50%), India (86% compared to 72%)

and Sri Lanka (89% compared to 66%), whereas men were less happy

than women in China (60% compared to 90%) and Zimbabwe (63%

compared to 90%). Overall a higher percentage of men than women

said that life was worse than expected at the 5 months feedback point,

but in China it was 25% of men compared to 33% of women. However,

feedback numbers were very low.

It appears that women felt better about their lives after 5 months than

when they first arrived, while men were less satisfied.

Life in country of return

2 weeks 5 months

female male female male

Life is better than expected

32 25% 80 23% 4 19% 13 18%

Life is the same as expected

61 47% 167 48% 13 62% 32 43%

Life is worse than expected

36 28% 101 29% 4 19% 29 39%

Total answers 129 348 21

74

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better 23%

the same 48%

worse 29%

better 25%

the same 47%

worse 28%

better 18%

the same 43%

worse 39%

better 19%

the same 62%

worse 19%

Perception of life in country of return after two weeks:

FEMALE MALE

Perception of life in country of return after five months:

FEMALE MALE

3.10.5 Employment and business set up

At two weeks more men than women managed to set up businesses or

find employment on return - 13% of men compared to 9% of women.

After 5 months 55% of women had a business or a job compared to

49% of men. However, feedback numbers are very low and therefore it

is not possible to draw any conclusions from these percentages.

In employment or in business

2 WEEKS 5 MONTHS *

female male Total

answers female male

Total answers

Afghanistan n/a 8% 13

Bangladesh 25% 6% 20 17% 6

Brazil 0% 10% 14 50% n/a 2

China 10% 10% 31 100% 25% 6

India 10% 13% 65 0% 71% 18

Iran 67% 26% 26 50% 4

Iraq - Kurdistan 0% 18% 39 50% 2

Nigeria 10% 17% 16 50% 0% 3

Pakistan 5% 19% 72 75% 47% 23

Sri Lanka 0% 2% 43

63% 8

Grand Total 9% 13% 463 55% 49% 94

*5 months trends should be treated with caution as feedback numbers are low for most countries

“Client has found a job, feels a lot happier now that she is working and also is feeling more settled.” 17

17

5 months feedback Malaysia

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3.10.6 Re-migration

Male returnees appear to be more likely to plan re-migration then

female returnees. Only 9% of women said that they were considering

re-migration compared to 18% of men at the two weeks feedback

point. Those countries where women were considering re-migration

were: India (1), Iran (2), Jamaica (1), Mauritius (2), Nigeria (1),

Pakistan (2), Sri Lanka (1) and Zimbabwe (1).

At the five month point, 25% of women and 33% of men were intending

to re-migrate. Those countries where women said that they were

considering re-migration were: China (2), Namibia (1), Nigeria (1) and

Zimbabwe (1).

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4 Looking towards the future …

The current funding for the Choices service is due to cease on the 31st

December 2015. The Home Office has announced that from the 1st

January 2016 it is planning to deliver a service in-house. It will not

include any funded impartial, pre-decision advice to help people

choose between their options. At least initially, it is also unlikely that

people will receive post-return support apart from cash payments.

Without impartial advice to help them with their decision-making people

are more likely to return to their country without having fully explored

how they might build a sustainable future or manage risks they might

face upon return.

People who return with cash but without broader reintegration support

are more likely to use their reintegration assistance to cover immediate

needs (such as giving it to family members) rather than considering

longer-term and more sustainable uses.

The lack of support from organisations in-country can lead to increased

vulnerability. Returnees are more likely to become internally displaced

or re-migrate, they are more likely to face security threats or

persecution and they are less likely to be able to generate an income.

In addition to the need for independent, confidential advice both pre

and post-return, several policy and practice recommendations emerge

from this feedback. We encourage the Home Office to adopt these into

its new model.

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Policy and Practice recommendations:

1. Travel documents – all returnees should be given the time and

financial assistance to apply for passports rather than ETDs/ EU

letters where they are eligible for one. This appears to reduce

problems at the airport of return, and may assist with reintegration

and freedom of movement once in the country (for example with

registration for healthcare, education, movement through

checkpoints etc.).

2. Flight arrival times – flights should be timed to arrive during the

day wherever possible, to reduce instances of bribery and risks in

travelling from airports to town.

3. Method of reintegration support – this should not be an entirely

cash based system but should follow Refugee Action’s ‘Direct

Access’ model, to reduce the delays and evidencing difficulties

inherent in a receipts based system. Overseas partners should be

procured to support returnees to build a sustainable life for

themselves, including localised advice on sustainable options for

reintegration expenditure.

4. Withdrawal of cash support – before withdrawing cash support

people should be advised about:

The likelihood of bribery by immigration officials on arrival

Whether they will be able to withdraw their money in their

country and area of return

Any charges or limits associated with the withdrawal of cash

which will reduce the level of financial support they can

access

5. Friends and family should receive financial support when people

return to enable them, where appropriate, to support returnees in

their initial months.

6. Reintegration categories should be broadened to enable the

purchasing of furniture, household items, bills and house

extensions.

7. Gender analysis – AVR should be analysed from a gender

perspective e.g. single women should be granted support under

AVRIM vulnerability criteria when returning to certain countries.

8. Monitoring – returnees should be monitored post-return and

information collated to enable an assessment of sustainability

(based on RA’s definition). Information on risks, safety concerns

and other challenges should be given to those considering return.

9. Explore and prepare models should be developed to enable

returnees to assess the sustainability of return and take steps to

increase it for example by arranging accommodation, employment

and business development in advance of return.

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5 Appendix

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5.1 Reports of safety issues

5.1.1 After 2 weeks

CLIENTS REPORTING SAFETY CONCERNS - 2 weeks feedback

Country % of

clients

> 15 answers recorded

Details given

Afghanistan 21% no general safety concerns; client perceived as being wealthy after a long time in the UK

Angola 33% no

Bahrain 100% no political reasons

Bangladesh 36% yes political reasons, crime levels and threats from relatives

Bolivia 33% no no security and high crime levels

Cameroon 33% no political reasons; cannot return to home town

China 3% yes general anxiety

Ecuador 100% no no safety due to political conflict

Gambia 100% no problems with people in the community

Ghana 14% no scared of going out

India 1% yes no further details

Iran 28% yes many clients reported being investigated by authorities and having to report on a regular basis; one client spoke about family issues

Iraq - Kurdistan 29% yes general fear of IS, other terrorist groups and a possible war

Malawi 50% no in hiding due to family issues

Mauritius 14% no

Mexico 100% no threatened, but police did not help

Nigeria 6% yes no further details

Pakistan 36% yes worries about general security situation, but also a high number of family disputes has been reported

South Africa 10% no client perceived as being wealthy after a long time in the UK

Sri Lanka 14% yes fears of being monitored; some were worried about the outcome of the general elections

Turkey 50% no feeling pressurised by some terrorist groups

Ukraine 100% no general security situation and war

USA 50% no

Zimbabwe 6% yes client is keeping a low profile, is not going out

5.1.1 After 5 months

CLIENTS REPORTING SAFETY CONCERNS - 5 months feedback

Country % of clients

> 15 answers recorded

Details given

Bangladesh 50% no worries about the general political situation and mistrust in the police

China 17% no problems with money lenders

India 17% yes problems with people in the community; one client moved away due to political problems

Iran 25% no client is not allowed to leave the area

Malawi 33% no family problems

Malaysia 50% no safety concerns due to their religion

Namibia 100% no

Nigeria 33% no worries about general unstable situation

Pakistan 26% yes family problems, disputes over political and religious differences, mistrust in judiciary and general security situation

Sri Lanka 38% no scared of monitoring by authorities and general security situation

Uganda 100% no

Zimbabwe 33% no client is trying to keep a low profile

It is important to note that in those countries with small numbers of returns the

percentage of those reporting safety issues may appear very large; whilst there may

be a real risk to personal safety to individuals, given that small number it is difficult to

draw conclusions regarding the true prevalence of the problem.

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5.2 Problems at the return airport

CLIENTS REPORTING PROBLEMS AT THE AIRPORT

Country

% clients Problems

at COR airport

> 15 answers recorded

Further details given

Albania 20% no client was questioned because he did not have a passport

Brazil 6% yes client was questioned because she did not have a passport

Cameroon 67% no one client had to pay £100 before she was let go, both were questioned about their passport (1 expired, 1 without visa)

India 15% yes 3 clients reported problems because of their ETD; 1 client was asked for money but refused to pay

Iran 46% yes

1 client was detained for three days and only released when his family got a solicitor;

2 passports were confiscated and 1 stamped to stop clients from leaving the country;

some clients said that they had to regularly report at the authorities

Iraq - Kurdistan 10% yes minor problems, i.e. being questioned, and two clients reported that their TDs were photocopied

Jamaica 17% no client was questioned for 30 minutes because of her expired visa

Kenya 50% no client was questioned because he did not have a passport

Malaysia 33% no client was questioned because of his passport

Mexico 100% no client was held for more than one hour for questioning

Mongolia 17% no issue with EU letter and immigration officers not being familiar with the document

Nigeria 6% yes client refused to pay a bribe, but saw another traveller paying £40

Pakistan 30% yes 12 people had to pay a bribe to leave the airport, paying between £20 and £200; one client told us that he paid £1,500

South Africa 10% no issue with ETD and immigration officers not being familiar with the document

Sri Lanka 40% yes

clients were questioned why they stayed in the UK and if they had applied for asylum;

clients were also asked for bribes, but were let go if they said they did not have any money; those who gave a bribe paid from £10 up to £200, with one

client’s family paying £400 to immigration officials before the clients arrival

Ukraine 50% no client was detained for 8 days because of his ETD and they kept all his documents when he was released

USA 50% no no further details

Vietnam 33% no client was asked lots of questions

Zimbabwe 11% yes one client had to pay a bribe and one was questioned because of their ETD

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5.3 Satisfaction with the service

COUNTRY 2 WEEKS 5 MONTHS

Happy with all parts of service

% Happy with all parts of service

Happy with

parts of the

service

% Happy with

parts of the

service

Unhappy with the service

% Unhappy with the service

Total answers recorded

Happy with all parts of service

% Happy with all parts of service

Happy with

parts of the

service

% Happy with

parts of the

service

Unhappy with the service

% Unhappy with the service

Total answers recorded

Afghanistan 12 86% 2 14% 0 0% 14

Albania 3 100% 0 0% 0 0% 3 2 100% 0 0% 0 0% 2

Algeria 3 100% 0 0% 0 0% 3 0 0% 1 100% 0 0% 1

Angola 2 67% 1 33% 0 0% 3

Bahrain 1 100% 0 0% 0 0% 1

Bangladesh 17 89% 2 11% 0 0% 19 3 75% 1 25% 0 0% 4

Bolivia 3 100% 0 0% 0 0% 3

Brazil 14 100% 0 0% 0 0% 14 2 100% 0 0% 0 0% 2

Cameroon 3 100% 0 0% 0 0% 3

China 27 100% 0 0% 0 0% 27 5 83% 1 17% 0 0% 6

Columbia 1 100% 0 0% 0 0% 1

Congo DRC 1 100% 0 0% 0 0% 1

Ecuador 1 100% 0 0% 0 0% 1

Ethiopia 2 100% 0 0% 0 0% 2 0 0% 1 100% 0 0% 1

Gambia 1 50% 1 50% 0 0% 2

Georgia 2 100% 0 0% 0 0% 2

Ghana 6 86% 1 14% 0 0% 7 1 50% 1 50% 0 0% 2

Guyana 1 100% 0 0% 0 0% 1

India 61 94% 3 5% 1 2% 65 17 94% 1 6% 0 0% 18

Iran 20 80% 5 20% 0 0% 25 3 100% 0 0% 0 0% 3

Iraq - Kurdistan 37 95% 2 5% 0 0% 39 1 100% 0 0% 0 0% 1

Ivory Coast 1 100% 0 0% 0 0% 1

Jamaica 4 80% 1 20% 0 0% 5

Kenya 2 100% 0 0% 0 0% 2

Libya 1 100% 0 0% 0 0% 1

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COUNTRY 2 WEEKS 5 MONTHS

Happy with all parts of service

% Happy with all parts of service

Happy with

parts of the

service

% Happy with

parts of the

service

Unhappy with the service

% Unhappy with the service

Total answers recorded

Happy with all parts of service

% Happy with all parts of service

Happy with

parts of the

service

% Happy with

parts of the

service

Unhappy with the service

% Unhappy with the service

Total answers recorded

Malawi 0 0% 2 100% 0 0% 2 3 100% 0 0% 0 0% 3

Malaysia 2 100% 0 0% 0 0% 2 2 100% 0 0% 0 0% 2

Mauritius 6 100% 0 0% 0 0% 6 1 100% 0 0% 0 0% 1

Mexico 1 100% 0 0% 0 0% 1

Mongolia 3 60% 2 40% 0 0% 5 1 100% 0 0% 0 0% 1

Morocco 0 0% 1 100% 0 0% 1

Myanmar 2 100% 0 0% 0 0% 2

Namibia 2 100% 0 0% 0 0% 2

Nepal 2 100% 0 0% 0 0% 2

New Zealand 1 100% 0 0% 0 0% 1

Nigeria 13 87% 2 13% 0 0% 15 1 50% 1 50% 0 0% 2

Pakistan 61 94% 4 6% 0 0% 65 18 78% 5 22% 0 0% 23

Philippines 5 100% 0 0% 0 0% 5 1 100% 0 0% 0 0% 1

Senegal 0 0% 1 100% 0 0% 1 1 100% 0 0% 0 0% 1

South Africa 8 89% 1 11% 0 0% 9 1 50% 0 0% 1 50% 2

Sri Lanka 45 94% 3 6% 0 0% 48 6 100% 0 0% 0 0% 6

Tajikistan 1 100% 0 0% 0 0% 1

Tunisia 3 100% 0 0% 0 0% 3

Turkey 1 100% 0 0% 0 0% 1

Uganda 2 100% 0 0% 0 0% 2

Ukraine 1 50% 1 50% 0 0% 2

USA 1 100% 0 0% 0 0% 1

Vietnam 2 67% 1 33% 0 0% 3

Zimbabwe 13 81% 3 19% 0 0% 16 1 50% 1 50% 0 0% 2

All countries 401 91% 39 9% 1 0% 441 70 83% 13 15% 1 1% 84

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5.4 Life in the country of return

COUNTRY 2 WEEKS 5 MONTHS

better than expected

same as expected

worse than expected

Total answers recorded

better than expected

same as expected

worse than expected

Total answers recorded

Afghanistan 3 21% 6 43% 5 36% 14

Albania 1 20% 3 60% 1 20% 5 0 0% 1 50% 1 50% 2

Algeria 2 50% 1 25% 1 25% 4 0 0% 1 100% 0 0% 1

Bangladesh 4 20% 11 55% 5 25% 20 1 17% 2 33% 3 50% 6

Brazil 6 40% 7 47% 2 13% 15 0 0% 2 100% 0 0% 2

China 3 10% 18 60% 9 30% 30 1 14% 4 57% 2 29% 7

Ghana 1 13% 4 50% 3 38% 8 0 0% 2 100% 0 0% 2

India 21 31% 36 53% 11 16% 68 4 24% 9 53% 4 24% 17

Iran 3 13% 9 39% 11 48% 23 0 0% 2 50% 2 50% 4

Iraq - Kurdistan 6 15% 13 33% 21 53% 40 0 0% 1 100% 0 0% 1

Jamaica 1 17% 4 67% 1 17% 6

Mauritius 1 13% 2 25% 5 63% 8 1 50% 1 50% 0 0% 2

Mongolia 1 17% 3 50% 2 33% 6 1 100% 0 0% 0 0% 1

Nepal 0 0% 2 50% 2 50% 4

Nigeria 2 13% 11 73% 2 13% 15 0 0% 1 33% 2 67% 3

Pakistan 8 12% 37 56% 21 32% 66 3 13% 10 43% 10 43% 23

Philippines 3 75% 0 0% 1 25% 4 1 100% 0 0% 0 0% 1

South Africa 1 10% 4 40% 5 50% 10 0 0% 1 50% 1 50% 2

Sri Lanka 21 43% 22 45% 6 12% 49 3 38% 0 0% 5 63% 8

Zimbabwe 4 22% 10 56% 4 22% 18 0 0% 3 100% 0 0% 3

All countries 111 24% 220 47% 135 29% 466 17 18% 45 47% 33 35% 95

Please note that this table only includes countries where four or more clients answered the question at the two weeks feedback point and that feedback numbers at five months are considerably lower

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2 weeks feedback on life in country of return for countries with 10 or more answers:

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

Afghanistan Bangladesh Brazil China India Iran Iraq -Kurdistan

Nigeria Pakistan South Africa Sri Lanka Zimbabwe

better than expected same as expected worse than expected

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5.5 Influence of friends and family

2 WEEKS 5 MONTHS

COUNTRY

% of clients receiving financial

support from friends and/or

family

% of clients staying with

friends and/or family

% of clients receiving financial

support and staying with

friends and/or family

Total answers recorded

% of clients receiving financial

support from friends and/or

family

% of clients staying with

friends and/or family

accommodation and support

from family/friends

Total answers recorded

Afghanistan 62% 71% 50% 14

Albania 0% 60% 0% 5 100% 50% 50% 2

Algeria 50% 75% 50% 4 100% 100% 100% 1

Bangladesh 55% 50% 40% 20 67% 50% 33% 6

Brazil 86% 73% 67% 15 50% 0% 0% 2

China 61% 63% 41% 32 33% 83% 33% 6

Ghana 75% 57% 43% 7 100% 100% 100% 2

India 74% 71% 55% 66 22% 65% 17% 18

Iran 62% 59% 56% 27 25% 0% 0% 4

Iraq - Kurdistan 51% 58% 35% 40 50% 50% 0% 2

Jamaica 100% 100% 67% 6

Mauritius 71% 25% 13% 8 50% 50% 0% 2

Mongolia 75% 83% 33% 6 0% 100% 0% 1

Nigeria 75% 44% 44% 16 100% 33% 33% 3

Pakistan 67% 73% 53% 73 35% 43% 22% 23

South Africa 78% 50% 40% 10 0% 0% 0% 2

Sri Lanka 86% 76% 65% 49 38% 57% 25% 8

Zimbabwe 61% 67% 56% 18 33% 33% 33% 3

All countries 67% 65% 49% 483 38% 49% 22% 94

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5.6 In employment or running a business

COUNTRY IN EMPLOYMENT

RUNNING OR PART OF A BUSINESS

TOTAL ANSWERS RECORDED % IN EMPLOYMENT OR RUNNING

A BUSINESS

2 weeks 5 months 2 weeks 5 months 2 weeks 5 months 2 weeks 5 months

Afghanistan 0 (0%) 1 (8%) 13 8%

Algeria 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 4* 1* 0% 0%

Bangladesh 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 2 (10%) 1 (17%) 20 6* 10% 17%

Brazil 1 (7%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 1 (50%) 14 2* 7% 50%

China 1 (3%) 2 (33%) 2 (6%) 1 (17%) 31 6* 9% 50%

Ghana 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 8* 2* 0% 0%

India 1 (2%) 3 (17%) 7 (11%) 9 (50%) 65 18 13% 67%

Iraq-Kurdistan 1 (3%) 1 (50%) 6 (15%) 0 (0%) 39 2* 18% 50%

Jamaica 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 4* 0%

Malawi 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 1 (100%) 2* 1* 0% 100%

Mauritius 1 (14%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 1 (50%) 7* 2* 14% 50%

Mongolia 1 (25%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 1 (100%) 4* 1* 25% 100%

Nigeria 1 (6%) 1 (33%) 1 (6%) 0 (0%) 16 3* 12% 33%

Pakistan 1 (1%) 3 (13%) 10 (14%) 9 (39%) 72 23 15% 52%

South Africa 0 (0%) 2 (100%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 9* 2* 0% 100%

Sri Lanka 0 (0%) 3 (38%) 1 (2%) 2 (25%) 43 8 2% 63%

Uganda 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 1 (50%) 0 (0%) 2* 1* 50% 0%

Zimbabwe 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 1 (33%) 18 3* 0% 33%

All countries 14 (3%) 19 (20%) 41 (9%) 28 (30%) 463 94 11% 50%

*Trends should be treated with caution as feedback numbers are low.

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5.7 Re-migration

COUNTRY 2 WEEKS 5 MONTHS *

Plans to re-

migrate %

Total answers recorded

Plans to re-

migrate %

Total answers recorded

Bangladesh 2 10% 20 4 67% 6

Brazil 1 8% 12 0 0% 2

China 3 12% 25 3 43% 7

India 10 16% 64 4 22% 18

Iran 5 20% 25 1 25% 4

Iraq – Kurdistan 13 33% 39 0 0% 1

Nigeria 2 13% 15 2 67% 3

Pakistan 8 13% 63 5 22% 23

South Africa 0 0% 10 1 50% 2

Sri Lanka 10 21% 47 3 38% 8

Zimbabwe 2 11% 18 1 33% 3

All countries 67 15% 445 30 32% 95

*5 months trends should be treated with caution as feedback numbers are low for most countries

5.8 Internal relocation

COUNTRY 2 WEEKS 5 MONTHS *

Plans to internally relocate

% Total

answers recorded

Plans to internally relocate

Total answers recorded

Bangladesh 4 20% 20 0 0% 6

Brazil 1 8% 12 0 0% 2

China 5 20% 25 0 0% 7

India 5 8% 64 3 17% 18

Iran 7 28% 25 0 0% 4

Iraq – Kurdistan

4 10% 39 0 0% 1

Nigeria 0 0% 15 0 0% 3

Pakistan 16 25% 63 2 9% 23

South Africa

1 10% 10 0 0% 2

Sri Lanka 7 15% 47 0 0% 8

Zimbabwe 2 11% 18 1 33% 3

All countries

65 15% 445 7 7% 95

* 5 months trends should be treated with caution as feedback numbers are low for most countries

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5.9 Gender

5.9.1 Concerns for personal safety by country

After 2 weeks:

COUNTRY YES NO TOTAL ANSWERS RECORDED

Female Male Female Male Female Male

Number % Number % Number % Number % Number Number Total

Bangladesh 1 20% 6 35% 4 80% 11 65% 5 17 22

Brazil 0 0% 0 0% 4 100% 11 100% 4 11 15

China 1 10% 2 10% 9 90% 19 90% 10 21 31

India 0 0% 1 2% 11 100% 56 98% 11 57 68

Iraq - Kurdistan 0 0% 7 18% 1 100% 31 82% 1 38 39

Nigeria 0 0% 1 17% 10 100% 5 83% 10 6 16

Pakistan 8 42% 13 27% 11 58% 36 73% 19 49 68

South Africa 1 13% 0 0% 7 88% 2 100% 8 2 10

Sri Lanka 0 0% 5 11% 3 100% 42 89% 3 47 50

Zimbabwe 0 0% 0 0% 9 100% 8 100% 9 8 17

Grand Total 22 5% 49 10% 109 23% 297 62% 131 346 477

After 5 months:

COUNTRY YES NO TOTAL ANSWERS RECORDED

Female Male Female Male Female Male

Number % Number % Number % Number % Number Number Total

Bangladesh 3 50% 3 50% 6 6

Brazil 0 0% 2 100% 2 2

China 0 0% 1 33% 3 100% 2 67% 3 3 6

India 0 0% 2 12% 1 100% 15 88% 1 17 18

Iraq - Kurdistan 0 0% 1 100% 1 1

Nigeria 1 50% 0 0% 1 50% 1 100% 2 1 3

Pakistan 1 25% 4 22% 3 75% 14 78% 4 18 22

South Africa 0 0% 2 100% 2 2

Sri Lanka 3 38% 5 63% 8 8

Zimbabwe 0 0% 1 100% 2 100% 0 0% 2 1 3

Grand Total 4 4% 15 16% 17 18% 58 62% 21 73 94

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5.9.2 Problems at the airport by country

YES NO TOTAL ANSWERS RECORDED

COUNTRY Female Male Female Male Female Male

Number % Number % Number % Number % Number Number Total

Bangladesh 0 0% 13 100% 13 13

Brazil 0 0% 1 6% 5 100% 16 94% 5 17 22

China 0 0% 4 33% 4 100% 8 67% 4 12 16

India 1 10% 0 0% 9 90% 21 100% 10 21 31

Iran 0 0% 12 21% 10 100% 45 79% 10 57 67

Iraq - Kurdistan 2 100% 8 35% 0 0% 15 65% 2 23 25

Nigeria 0 0% 2 5% 1 100% 36 95% 1 38 39

Pakistan 1 10% 1 17% 9 90% 5 83% 10 6 16

South Africa 6 30% 20 38% 14 70% 33 62% 20 53 73

Sri Lanka 2 25% 0 0% 6 75% 2 100% 8 2 10

Zimbabwe 1 33% 14 30% 2 67% 32 70% 3 46 49

Grand Total 23 18% 70 20% 107 82% 278 80% 130 348 478

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5.9.3 Life in country of return by country

After 2 weeks:

COUNTRY BETTER THAN EXPECTED SAME AS EXPECTED WORSE THAN EXPECTED TOTAL ANSWERS

Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Total

No % No % No % No % No % No % No No

Bangladesh 0 0% 4 25% 2 50% 9 56% 2 50% 3 19% 4 16 20

Brazil 3 75% 3 27% 0 0% 7 64% 1 25% 1 9% 4 11 15

China 2 20% 1 5% 7 70% 11 55% 1 10% 8 40% 10 20 30

India 4 36% 18 31% 4 36% 32 55% 3 27% 8 14% 11 58 69

Iran 0 0% 3 14% 1 33% 9 41% 2 67% 10 45% 3 22 25

Iraq - Kurdistan 0 0% 6 15% 1 100% 12 30% 0 0% 22 55% 1 40 41

Nigeria 2 22% 0 0% 5 56% 6 100% 2 22% 0 0% 9 6 15

Pakistan 2 11% 6 12% 11 58% 30 59% 6 32% 15 29% 19 51 70

Sri Lanka 1 33% 19 41% 1 33% 22 48% 1 33% 5 11% 3 46 49

Zimbabwe 3 30% 1 13% 6 60% 4 50% 1 10% 3 38% 10 8 18

Grand Total 32 25% 80 23% 61 47% 167 48% 36 28% 101 29% 129 348 477

After 5 months:

COUNTRY BETTER THAN EXPECTED SAME AS EXPECTED WORSE THAN EXPECTED TOTAL ANSWERS

Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Total

No % No % No % No % No % No % No No

Bangladesh 1 17% 2 33% 3 50% 6 6

China 0 0% 1 25% 2 67% 2 50% 1 33% 1 25% 3 4 7

India 0 0% 4 25% 0 0% 9 56% 1 100% 3 19% 1 16 17

Nigeria 0 0% 0% 1 50% 0% 1 50% 1 100% 2 1 3

Pakistan 0 0% 3 16% 4 100% 6 32% 0 0% 10 53% 4 19 23

Sri Lanka 3 38% 0% 5 63% 8 8

Zimbabwe 0 0% 0% 2 100% 1 100% 0 0% 0% 2 1 3

Grand Total 4 19% 13 18% 13 62% 32 43% 4 19% 29 39% 21 74 95

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5.9.4 Intention to re-migrate by country

After 2 weeks:

COUNTRY RELOCATION WITHIN THE COUNTRY REMIGRATION TOTAL ANSWERS RECORDED

Female Male Female Male Female Male Total

Number % Number % Number % Number %

Bangladesh 2 50% 2 13% 0 0% 2 13% 4 16 20

China 2 22% 3 18% 0 0% 3 18% 9 17 26

India 1 9% 4 7% 1 9% 9 17% 11 54 65

Iran 1 33% 6 25% 2 67% 4 17% 3 24 27

Pakistan 9 50% 9 18% 2 11% 8 16% 18 49 67

Sri Lanka 1 33% 6 14% 1 33% 9 20% 3 44 47

Zimbabwe 1 10% 1 13% 1 10% 1 13% 10 8 18

Grand Total 24 19% 43 13% 11 9% 60 18% 124 332 456

After 5 months:

COUNTRY RELOCATION WITHIN THE COUNTRY REMIGRATION TOTAL ANSWERS RECORDED

Female Male Female Male Female Male Total

Number % Number % Number % Number %

Bangladesh 0 0% 4 67%

6 6

China 0 0% 0 0% 2 67% 1 25% 3 4 7

India 1 100% 2 12% 0 0% 4 24% 1 17 18

Iran 0 0% 1 25%

4 4

Pakistan 1 25% 4 21% 0 0% 5 26% 4 19 23

Sri Lanka 0 0% 3 38% 8 8

Zimbabwe 1 50% 0 0% 1 50% 0 0% 2 1 3

Grand Total 4 20% 7 9% 5 25% 25 33% 20 75 95