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7/21/2019 REFRACTIVE ERROR 050115.ppt
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REFRACTIVE
ERROR
NOOR ASMAH MD AZMIOPTOMETRIST HSAH
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Re!a"ti#e E!!$!
C$mm$n
E!!$! in t%e $"usin& $ li&%t '( t%e
e(e Cause) )e"!ease) $ Visual A"uit(
Rabun
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Re!a"ti#e E!!$!
M($*ia
H(*e!$*ia
Asti&matism P!es'($*ia
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M+OPIA
S%$!tsi&%te) (rabun jauh),i&%t $"us in !$nt $ t%e !etina
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M+OPIA
Cl$se $'-e"t l$$.s "lea!)istant $'-e"t l$$.s 'lu!
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M+OPIA
S(m*t$ms
lu!!( #isi$n %en l$$.in& at )istant$'-e"ts
T%e nee) t$ s3uint $! *a!tiall( "l$se t%ee(eli)s t$ see "lea!l(
Hea)a"%es "ause) '( e4"essi#e
e(est!ain Di"ult( seein& %ile )!i#in& a #e%i"le
es*e"iall( at ni&%t 6ni&%t m($*ia7
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M+OPIA
In .i)s usuall( )ete"te) )u!in& ea!l(s"%$$l (ea!s
S(m*t$ms in"lu)e
8 S3uintin& t%e e(es
8 Nee) t$ sit "l$se! t$ t%e tele#isi$nm$#ie s"!een $! t%e !$nt $ t%e"lass!$$m
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M+OPIA
S(m*t$ms 6"$nt7
8 H$l) '$$.s #e!( "l$se %ile !ea)in&
8 Seem t$ 'e unaa!e $ )istant$'-e"ts
8 lin. e4"essi#el(
8 Ru''in& e(es !e3uentl(
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H+PEROPIA
,$n&si&%te)ness 6!a'un )e.at7,i&%t !a(s $"us 'e%in) t%e !etina
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H+PEROPIA
Cl$se $'-e"t l$$.s 'lu! )istant $'-e"t l$$.s
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H+PEROPIA
S(m*t$ms
8 Hea)a"%es
8 E(e st!ain8 Di"ult( "$n"ent!atin& $! $"usin&
$n nea!'( $'-e"ts
8 Fati&ue $! %ea)a"%e ate! *e!$!min&a "l$se tas. su"% as !ea)in&
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ASTI9MATISM
Due t$ i!!e&ula! s%a*e $ t%e"$!neaVisi$n 'lu!s at an( )istant
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ASTI9MATISM
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ASTI9MATISM
S(m*t$ms
8 Dist$!te) $! 'lu!!e) ima&e
8 Dis"$m$!t $! i!!itati$n in e(es8 Di"ult( $"usin& $n *!inte) $!)s
$! lines
8 Hea)a"%e
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ASTI9MATISM
S(m*t$ms 6"$nt7
8 Fati&ue in e(es
8 C%il)!en ma( tilt $! tu!n t%ei! %ea) t$&et a "lea!e! ima&e
8 S3uintin&/s3uee:in& e(es t$ &et
"lea!e! ima&e
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PRES+OPIA
Ol) e(eNatu!al *a!t $ a&in& *!$"essC!(stalline lens l$ses ;e4i'ilit( ma.in& it%a!) t$ $"us $n "l$se $'-e"ts
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PRES+OPIA
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PRES+OPIA
S(m*t$ms
8 H$l) !ea)in& mate!ial u!t%e! aa( t$ma.e t%e lette!s "lea!e!
8 lu!!e) #isi$n at n$!mal !ea)in&)istan"e
8 E(est!ain $! %ea)a"%es ate! !ea)in& $!
)$in& "l$se $!.
??S(m*t$ms $!sen %en ti!e) @ in )im
li&%t a!ea5/1/2015 Visual Assessment 2015
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TREATMENT
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,ENSES
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REFRACTION
RA !e!a"ti#e assessment
T$ )ete!mine a**!$*!iate lens *$e!t$ "$!!e"t an( !e!a"ti#e e!!$!
O'-e"ti#e @ su'-e"ti#e
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REFRACTION
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REFRACTION
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C+C,OP,E9IC REFRACTION
A *!$"e)u!e use) t$ )ete!mine a *e!s$nBs!e!a"ti#e e!!$! '( tem*$!a!il( *a!al(:in&t%e mus"les t%at ai) in $"usin& t%e e(e
C("l$*le&i" e(e )!$* a!e use) t$
tem*$!a!il( *a!al(:e $! !ela4 t%e "ilia!('$)( $! $"usin& mus"le $ t%e e(es
N$!mall( $! "%il)!en 'e"ause t%e(
su'"$ns"i$usl( a""$mm$)ate t%ei! e(es)u!in& e(e e4aminati$n ma.in& t%e !esultin#ali)
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AM,+OPIA
,a:( e(e
E(e it%$ut an( *at%$l$&i"al )is$!)e!ails t$ a"%ie#e n$!mal #isual a"uit(e#en it% "$!!e"ti$n $ &lasses
One $! '$t% e(es
Causes un"$!!e"te) !e!a"ti#e e!!$!#isi$n )e*!i#ati$n 6"ata!a"t *t$sis7st!a'ismus
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AM,+OPIA
T!eatment
8 C$!!e"t !e!a"ti#e e!!$!/t!eat t%e"ause
8 Pat"%in& t%e!a*(
8 Penali:ati$n
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PATCHIN9 THERAP+
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ERATOMETER
8!ea)in&
Measu!e "$!neal "u!#atu!e $ t%eante!i$! su!a"e $ t%e "$!nea
Dete!mine t%e *$e! an) a4is $ t%easti&matism
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ERATOMETER
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A8SCAN
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A8SCAN
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COMPARISON
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