REFORMS AND INSTITUTIONAL RESTRUCTURING REFORMS AND INSTITUTIONAL RESTRUCTURING IN WATER SECTOR IN MAHARASHTRA STATE, IN WATER SECTOR IN MAHARASHTRA STATE,

INDIA- A STEP TOWARDS SUSTAINABLE INDIA- A STEP TOWARDS SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENTDEVELOPMENT..

Mr. E. B. Patil,Mr. E. B. Patil, Principal Secretary (WR),Principal Secretary (WR),

Water Resources Department,Water Resources Department, Govt. of Maharashtra, IndiaGovt. of Maharashtra, India

Dr. Sanjay BelsareDr. Sanjay BelsareExecutive Engineer and Associate Professor , Executive Engineer and Associate Professor ,

Water Resources Department, Water Resources Department, Govt. of Maharashtra, IndiaGovt. of Maharashtra, India

Irrigation Australia &ICID 7Irrigation Australia &ICID 7thth ARC, Adelaide 27 June 2012 ARC, Adelaide 27 June 2012

INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION Maharashtra is the third largest state Maharashtra is the third largest state (30.8 million hectares) with the third (30.8 million hectares) with the third largest population (97 million) in India. largest population (97 million) in India.

About 58% of the state’s population isAbout 58% of the state’s population is in rural areas, 80% of whom are dependentin rural areas, 80% of whom are dependent on agriculture on agriculture

The availability of water in the state is The availability of water in the state is highly unevenhighly uneven most of the rainfall occurs in most of the rainfall occurs in just 40 to 100 daysjust 40 to 100 days

Ultimate irrigation potential of the state is about 12.6 million hectare Ultimate irrigation potential of the state is about 12.6 million hectare (M ha),(M ha),

8.5 m ha is from surface water 8.5 m ha is from surface water 4.1 m ha from ground water sources4.1 m ha from ground water sources

As of June 2011, total surface irrigation potential created in the state As of June 2011, total surface irrigation potential created in the state was 4.8 m ha. was 4.8 m ha.

CHALLENGES IN WATER CHALLENGES IN WATER SECTORSECTOR IN MAHARASHTRAIN MAHARASHTRA

Firstly, Competition among different sectors has increased Firstly, Competition among different sectors has increased dramaticallydramatically

Of the total water used in the stateOf the total water used in the state about 75 % goes to irrigation, about 75 % goes to irrigation, 16 % for domestic water supplies, 16 % for domestic water supplies, 4 % for industrial use, 4 % for industrial use, the remainder for other uses such as livestock, hydro and the remainder for other uses such as livestock, hydro and

thermal powerthermal power Secondly, poor quality irrigation service delivery is undermining Secondly, poor quality irrigation service delivery is undermining

the performance of irrigated agriculture.the performance of irrigated agriculture. Thirdly, limited cost recovery in the irrigation sector contributed to Thirdly, limited cost recovery in the irrigation sector contributed to

inefficient on-farm use of irrigation water and added to the fiscal inefficient on-farm use of irrigation water and added to the fiscal burden of the state. burden of the state.

Fourthly, planning and management of water resources in the Fourthly, planning and management of water resources in the state are fragmented and un-coordinated and is not being done state are fragmented and un-coordinated and is not being done holistically, treating surface & groundwater as one resourceholistically, treating surface & groundwater as one resource

REFORMS INITIATIVES IN WATER SECTOR REFORMS INITIATIVES IN WATER SECTOR UNDERTAKEN BY GOMUNDERTAKEN BY GOM

To overcome the poor scenario and improve the To overcome the poor scenario and improve the performance of irrigation project, following reforms performance of irrigation project, following reforms were undertaken : were undertaken :

• State Water Policy.State Water Policy.

• Water Pricing.Water Pricing.

• Maharashtra Management of Irrigation System by Maharashtra Management of Irrigation System by Farmers (MMISF) Act 2005.Farmers (MMISF) Act 2005.

• Maharashtra Water Resources Regulatory Authority Maharashtra Water Resources Regulatory Authority (MWRRA) Act 2005.(MWRRA) Act 2005.

• Restructuring Of Irrigation Development Corporations Restructuring Of Irrigation Development Corporations (IDCs) into River Basin Agencies (RBAs)(IDCs) into River Basin Agencies (RBAs)

• Benchmarking & Water Auditing of Irrigation Projects.Benchmarking & Water Auditing of Irrigation Projects.

STATE WATER POLICYSTATE WATER POLICY

Govt. has adopted State Water Policy in July 2003 Govt. has adopted State Water Policy in July 2003 considering experience of last 50 years in water sector & to considering experience of last 50 years in water sector & to face the challenges of 21st Century. face the challenges of 21st Century. (Revised in 2011)(Revised in 2011)

Maharashtra State is among first few states to have its own Maharashtra State is among first few states to have its own water policy water policy

Unique features of State Water PolicyUnique features of State Water Policy

Multi-sectoral approachMulti-sectoral approach River basin based planning and management of water resourcesRiver basin based planning and management of water resources Regulatory AuthorityRegulatory Authority River Basin AgencyRiver Basin Agency

Improving Service DeliveryImproving Service Delivery Involving the users (PIM) Involving the users (PIM) Water Use EntitlementWater Use Entitlement Bulk SupplyBulk Supply Charging on Volumetric basisCharging on Volumetric basis Private Sector ParticipationPrivate Sector Participation

MAHARASHTRA MANAGEMENT OF IRRIGATION MAHARASHTRA MANAGEMENT OF IRRIGATION SYSTEM BY FARMERS (MMISF) ACT 2005SYSTEM BY FARMERS (MMISF) ACT 2005

100% membership (landholders + leaseholders)100% membership (landholders + leaseholders)

Water for irrigation shall be supplied to WUAs onlyWater for irrigation shall be supplied to WUAs only

Water will be supplied on volumetric basisWater will be supplied on volumetric basis

WUAs have freedom of cropping pattern WUAs have freedom of cropping pattern

Adequate representation to tail-enders and women Adequate representation to tail-enders and women members in members in managing committeemanaging committee

WUAs will be registered by WRDWUAs will be registered by WRD

Time bound programme of completion of Time bound programme of completion of rehabilitation workrehabilitation work

Functions of AuthorityFunctions of Authority

To lay down principles forTo lay down principles for

issuance of water entitlementsissuance of water entitlements

working out annual allocation percentageworking out annual allocation percentage

tariff structuring tariff structuring To maintain database of entitlementsTo maintain database of entitlements To clear water resources projects for constructionTo clear water resources projects for construction Dispute Resolution for Water Resources SectorDispute Resolution for Water Resources Sector

To ensure development of water resources as per Integrated To ensure development of water resources as per Integrated

State Water PlanState Water Plan

To ensure preservation and protection of surface and ground To ensure preservation and protection of surface and ground

water qualitywater quality

MAHARASHTRA WATER RESOURCES REGULATORY AUTHORITY (MWRRA) ACT 2005.

Status of ImplementationStatus of Implementation

MWRRA Act 2005 brought into force on MWRRA Act 2005 brought into force on

8th June 2005.8th June 2005.

Authority established on 17th August Authority established on 17th August

2005 with HQ in Mumbai2005 with HQ in Mumbai

Authority performing it’s full fledgedAuthority performing it’s full fledged

functions issuing entitlements, clearing functions issuing entitlements, clearing

irrigation project, tariff order etcirrigation project, tariff order etc

It is first such attempt in the CountryIt is first such attempt in the Country

RESTRUCTURING OF IRRIGATION DEVELOPMENT RESTRUCTURING OF IRRIGATION DEVELOPMENT CORPORATIONS (IDCs) INTO RIVER BASIN AGENCIES CORPORATIONS (IDCs) INTO RIVER BASIN AGENCIES

(RBAs)(RBAs)

To strengthen the State's capacity in multi-sector planning and To strengthen the State's capacity in multi-sector planning and managementmanagement of water of water resources at a river basin level. resources at a river basin level.

Mainly responsible for planning and development of new Surface water schemes for Mainly responsible for planning and development of new Surface water schemes for irrigation/multi purpose use, construction of ongoing project and also management of irrigation/multi purpose use, construction of ongoing project and also management of existing schemes. existing schemes.

Corporations manned by the staff transferred from the WRD and are used as vehicles to Corporations manned by the staff transferred from the WRD and are used as vehicles to raise money from the marketraise money from the market

Under the administrative control of the WRD. Under the administrative control of the WRD. Preparation /periodic revision of the river basin plans and intra sectoral allocation of waterPreparation /periodic revision of the river basin plans and intra sectoral allocation of water

Management and operation of multi purpose water storage Management and operation of multi purpose water storage

Ensuring water entitlements in given multipurpose schemes to various water using Ensuring water entitlements in given multipurpose schemes to various water using utilitiesutilities

BENCHMARKING OF IRRIGATION PROJECTSBENCHMARKING OF IRRIGATION PROJECTS Benchmarking (BM) is a systematic process for securing Benchmarking (BM) is a systematic process for securing

continual improvement through comparison with relevant and continual improvement through comparison with relevant and achievable internal or external norms and standards.achievable internal or external norms and standards.

Benchmarking implies comparison, either internally with Benchmarking implies comparison, either internally with previous performance and desired future targets or externally previous performance and desired future targets or externally against similar organizations.against similar organizations.

The department has started Benchmarking of irrigation The department has started Benchmarking of irrigation projects in year 2001-02, for selected no. of projects with 10 projects in year 2001-02, for selected no. of projects with 10 performance indicators.performance indicators.

Twelve Indicators selected for benchmarking includes : Twelve Indicators selected for benchmarking includes : • System Performance (2)System Performance (2)• Agricultural Productivity (2) Agricultural Productivity (2) • Financial Performance (6)Financial Performance (6)• Environmental Performance (1)Environmental Performance (1)• Social Aspects Social Aspects (1)(1)

WATER AUDITINGWATER AUDITING It is the need of the hour to have ‘more crop per drop’. It is the need of the hour to have ‘more crop per drop’.

Water auditing is a systematic & scientific examination of water Water auditing is a systematic & scientific examination of water accounts of the irrigation projects.accounts of the irrigation projects.

Comprehensive water accounting method devised, with water Comprehensive water accounting method devised, with water accounting at project level as well as at last manageable unit i.e. accounting at project level as well as at last manageable unit i.e. section office level. section office level.

The water use efficiency arrived is compared with the targeted one.The water use efficiency arrived is compared with the targeted one. Report on Water Audit Report for year 2003-04 was published, Report on Water Audit Report for year 2003-04 was published,

which was first such attempt in the country.which was first such attempt in the country.

Maharashtra is the first State in the country which is regularly Maharashtra is the first State in the country which is regularly publishing Report on BM and WA reports on World Water Day publishing Report on BM and WA reports on World Water Day

For effective implementation of WA and BM , an independent For effective implementation of WA and BM , an independent organisation is being set up which directly reports to Secretary.organisation is being set up which directly reports to Secretary.

EFFORTS MADE TO MAKE REFORMS ACCEPTABLEEFFORTS MADE TO MAKE REFORMS ACCEPTABLE

All policy issues first discussed in groups of experts All policy issues first discussed in groups of experts

Drafts were preparedDrafts were prepared

Conferences & meets of farmers, NGOs to discuss the policy draftsConferences & meets of farmers, NGOs to discuss the policy drafts

Awareness campaigns with the help of news papers, exhibition, Awareness campaigns with the help of news papers, exhibition,

seminarsseminars

Discussions with leaders of various political parties Discussions with leaders of various political parties

Cabinet approvalCabinet approval

Bills introduced & thoroughly discussedBills introduced & thoroughly discussed

Both bills were unanimously passed by assembly Both bills were unanimously passed by assembly

MAHARASHTRA WATER SECTOR MAHARASHTRA WATER SECTOR IMPROVEMENT PROJECTIMPROVEMENT PROJECT

The transferring of irrigation management to farmers is The transferring of irrigation management to farmers is very crucial for the improving irrigation efficiency, very crucial for the improving irrigation efficiency, productivity of water as well as sustainability.productivity of water as well as sustainability.

Before transferring canal system to WUAs, it is Before transferring canal system to WUAs, it is necessary to carry out rehabilitation of the system.necessary to carry out rehabilitation of the system.

Maharashtra Water Sector Improvement Project Maharashtra Water Sector Improvement Project (MWSIP)taken up with World Bank assistance to (MWSIP)taken up with World Bank assistance to rehabilitate the system and transfer to WUAs. rehabilitate the system and transfer to WUAs.

With initial success in performance improvement of With initial success in performance improvement of irrigation project in state, it will go long way in improving irrigation project in state, it will go long way in improving scenario in water resources management in the state.scenario in water resources management in the state.

Improvement in Water Use EfficiencyImprovement in Water Use Efficiency

Sr.

No

YearDesigned water storageMm3

Water availability on 15 Oct. Mm3

% available storage with designed

Water used for irrigation Mm3

Irrigated area on canal Lakh Ha

Irrigated area on (Canal & Wells) Lakh Ha

Water use efficiency (canal) Ha/Mm3

12001-02 28062 17817 63 12346 12.50 17.08 101

22002-03 28715 18936 66 12965 13.18 18.42 102

32003-04 28840 16941 59 10569 12.44 16.85 118

42004-05 28889 18298 63 10603 12.59 16.99 119

52005-06 29110 24860 85 13689 16.17 22.14 118

62006-07 29531 27309 92 20192 18.35 26.81 110

72007-08 29115 25489 88 17565 18.97 27.64 108

82008-09 33071 24803 75 16743 18.25 27.32 109

92009-10 33211 19366 58 12113 16.59 25.43 137

102010-11 33385 27309 82 15447 18.41 29.55 119

Improvement in Financial PerformanceImprovement in Financial Performance Maharashtra has increased water charges to meet 100% O&M cost, Maharashtra has increased water charges to meet 100% O&M cost,

with an in-built provision of 15% increase per yearwith an in-built provision of 15% increase per year Impact of increase in water rates and recovery drive can be seen from Impact of increase in water rates and recovery drive can be seen from

following tablefollowing table

• O&M cost is fully recovered consistently through recovery of water O&M cost is fully recovered consistently through recovery of water charges, charges, which is a step in the direction of sustainable development. which is a step in the direction of sustainable development. • It is first such example in the countryIt is first such example in the country

Sr. No. Year Total Irrigation Assessment

O&M Cost (Establishment +

M&R)

Total Recovery % of Recovery with O&M Cost

1 2001-02 4.54 4.5 2.52 56

2 2002-03 4.44 3.7 3.78 102

3 2003-04 4.53 3.33 3.79 114

4 2004-05 4.97 3.76 4.48 119

5 2005-06 4.18 4.53 4.13 91

6 2006-07 4.99 4.16 4.95 118

7 2007-08 6.74 4.66 6.27 134

8 2008-09 8.08 5.55 6.73 121

9 2009-10 8.11 7.09 8.03 113

10 2010-11 7.67 7.45 7.46 100

CONCLUSIONCONCLUSION

There is a need of adoption of total approach for There is a need of adoption of total approach for overall development of water sectoroverall development of water sector

The approach involves policy reforms, The approach involves policy reforms, technological and managerial interventionstechnological and managerial interventions

The reforms have improved water use efficiency The reforms have improved water use efficiency and financial performance of irrigation projects, and financial performance of irrigation projects, with O&M expenses being recovered through with O&M expenses being recovered through water chargeswater charges

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