Reform in Germany Switzerland

7/30/2019 Reform in Germany Switzerland

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Reform: Germany & Switzerland

*Brother Martin (Luther)

*A very complex figure: both shallow & deep*Deeply spiritual & shockingly vulgar

*By some, revered and loved

*By others, one of the great rogues

*Hundreds of books written about him, fairly recently.

*Hans Hillerbrand The Reformation: A Narrative History)

*Heiko Oberman Luther: Man Between God and the Devil

*Roland Bainton Here I Stand

*John Dillenberger, ed. Martin Luther: Selections from his Writings

*Preparation for Leadership

*Born into middle class family (1483)

*Sent to university to prepare for law

*Became an Augustinian monk

*Tormented by his inabilities before God

*Vicar over 11 monasteries

*Degrees in theology/ Bible : Professor at Wittenberg (1513)

*Still tormented:

*teach it until you believe it

*Critical Teaching: lectures on Psalms and Romans

*the just shall live by faith (Rom.1:16-17)

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*Two Formative Moments:

*a visit to Rome (1511)

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the indulgence campaign by Tetzel*

*The Testing Years: 1517 1521

* The 95 Theses (1517) mostly about indulgences & forgiveness

*wide dissemination, objection, debates (1518-19)

The famous doors

*Critical Booklets: (1520)

*On Good Works: all Christians are holy

*The Babylonian Captivity of the Church

*critiqued the sacraments as power tools

*The Freedom of the Christian Man defining the life of faith, grace and Biblical truth

*Address to the Nobility :

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*Excommunication, Trial & Condemnation: Diet of Worms (1521).

*Protector: Frederick the Wise (Saxony)

*Abduction!

Frederick and his castle


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*In the Wartburg: Confined but productive

*Erasmus Greek NT becomes a German NT

*Translations /revisions of the Mass

*Catechisms : adults and children

*Translated, composed and adapted much hymnody

Peasants under the Bundschuh

*The Peasants Revolt (1525) the appeal to Pastor Luther

*Response: The Admonition to Peace*Neither the Nobles or Peasants listened

*The Peasants began to terrorize

*Appeal to Luther by the nobility:

*Against the Murdering and Robbing Hordes of Peasants

*100,000 peasants slaughtered

*Results of the Peasants War:

*Luther became suspectto the peasants

*Lutheran church tied to the nobility

*The Protestatio to the Diet, 1529-30

*A statement both of support and principles

*Several northern princes, imperial cities

Ulrich Zwingli & Zurich

*Background:

*Classical humanist education

*Became a noted Biblical preacher, with an emphasis on the Gospels

*Called to preach at Zurich

Early modern Zurich the Great Church in Zurich

*Reform with a Twist:

*More moralistic than Luther (Gospels)

*Disagreed on the nature of the Eucharist

*Rejected the use of music and art in church

*No new songs psalms

*Plain churches

*A shift of resources:

*From monasteries to compassion and new schools

Luther annotated New Testament annotated

*Took a leading role in Zurich government:

*Great conflict with Catholic authorities


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*A food embargo, then war

*Zwingli took the field, died at battle of Kappel in 1531.

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*Martin Bucer, the peaceful reformer (Strassburg)

John Calvin (1509-1564)

*Educated in classics (Cicero!) and law

*Well received in Paris aristocracy; holder of benefices

*Father excommunicated in 1529

*A dissident in Paris, resigned benefices 34

*Early Career (1534-40)

*Served in Basel, Geneva, Strassburg

* The Institutes of the Christian Religion 1535

*Returned unwillingly to Geneva in 1541

*Profound and coercive (?) rule over the city

*Highly intellectual and highly moral

*Rigorously Biblical

*Structures of Geneva:

*Ordonnannces Ecclesiatiques

*The Consistory: church and city together

*The Academy

*(a famous moment: Servetus)

*The Reformed Churches:

*Dutch, Swiss and German Reformed Churches

*Presbyterian Church of Scotland

*English Puritans and Baptists*French Reformed = Huguenots

Documents

Reform in Germany Switzerland