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Reflective Thinking in Design
http://www.purdue.edu/epics
Learning Objectives
At the end of this session, you will
be able to:
1. Describe reflective thinking
2. List at least two ways reflective
thinking enhances design
3. Write a reflective paragraph on
your own design
Service-Learning
Service-Learning is a way to teach academic topics
EPICS uses service-learning to teach design
the service we provide are the designs we produce
Learn design by creating designs for the community
Service-Learning Definition
We define service learning as a type of experiential education in which students participate in service in the community and reflect on their involvement in such a way as to gain further understanding of course content and of the discipline and its relationship to social needs and an enhanced sense of civic responsibility.
- Hatcher and Bringle, 1997
Reflection in Service-Learning
Design Scenario
Reflection in Service-Learning
Design Scenario
Reflection in Service-Learning
Reflection in Service-Learning
Design Process
Question
Where is your project in the design
process?
What has been done prior to this
semester?
What has been done this semester?
What is planned for the rest of the
semester?
Reflective Designers
Reflective Designers
Reflection Model
Technical
Level or
Discipline
Specific
Personal Values
Social Systems
and Issues Developed by
Edward Zlotkowski
Characteristics of “beginning
designers”
Accept “problem” as given – surface level issues
Skip research – pose solutions immediately
Fixate on first ideas – disconnect from “problem”
Make premature design decisions
Few or confounded experiments
Unfocused way of troubleshooting
Unaware or unable to deal with complexities, tradeoffs,
competing issues
Design “haphazardly” or in a linear fashion (recipe)
Tacit designing with little self-reflection
(Crismond & Adams, 2013;
Slide from Dr. Cardella)
Reflective Practice
What is our team doing that models
“beginning” behavior in design?
Characteristics of “informed designers”
Recognize ambiguity and complexities – “explored the
challenge”
Do research on the problem, test assumptions
Practice idea fluency (problem evolves with design
ideas)
Delay decisions until they explore the challenge
Use words, sketches, prototypes to explore ideas
Conduct valid experimental tests
Focus on key problems when troubleshooting
Consider benefits and trade-off when making decisions
Design in a managed way – strategic and iterative
Practice reflective thinking – learn THROUGH design
(Crismond, 2009; slide from Cardella)
Reflective Practice
What is our team doing that models
“Informed” behavior in design?
Design Process
Iteration and Test
Generate
Ideas
Define
Measurable
Specifications
Implement
Test
Go to next phase
Generate
Ideas
Define
Measurable
Specifications
Implement
Test
(Users)
Back to previous phase
Reflection, iteration and Test
Generate
Ideas
Consider
Specifications and
Requirements
Reflect on
ideas,
process
and next steps
Advance
Generate
Ideas
Iterate
Reflective Professionals
Reflection is a process that can improve
your learning
Your professional development
The design
Reflection is powerful, doesn’t have to
take a lot of time, and takes many forms
Attendance: Answer “True” to #1, name
and ID