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Refining company perspective & approach to high quality asphalts
June 18, 2019
Pavel Kriz, Ph.D., P.Eng.
Americas Asphalt Group & Discipline Technical Leader
This communication may contain confidential information for the use of the entity to which it is addressed. If you are not the intended recipient, you are hereby notified that any use, dissemination, distribution, or copying of this communication is prohibited. If you are the intended recipient, information may not be reproduced or further distributed out of your organization without the originator's authorization in writing. 2019 © Imperial Oil Limited. All rights reserved.
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Imperial & ExxonMobil: Funding Members of Asphalt Institute
3
Global Asphalt Operations
Asphalt Production
Asphalt Technology/R&D
Sarnia Technology Applications & Research
• Canada’s first & largest petroleum research est. 1924
• 700+ patents
• ~40+ PhDs out of ~100 employees
• Global Centre of Excellence for Asphalt
• Long heritage & deep expertise in asphalt research
In NA Imperial & ExxonMobil manufacture
asphalt at Joliet, Billings, Nanticoke &
Strathcona Refineries
• Produce over 2MTa of premium asphalt
• Utilize high quality WestCan crudes
• Committed to product quality & integrity
4
• “Crude oil is a naturally occurring, yellowish-black liquid found
in geological formations beneath the Earth's surface”
• It is a mixture of a large number of different hydrocarbons
• Each oil has a unique mix of molecules, which define its
properties, like color and viscosity
Crude Oil
Element Percent range
Carbon 83 to 85%
Hydrogen 10 to 14%
Nitrogen 0.1 to 2%
Oxygen 0.05 to 1.5%
Sulphur 0.05 to 6.0%
Metals < 0.1%
Composition by weight
5
Crude Oil Origin
6
Crude Oil Reservoir
Impermeable layers
(e.g. granite)
Saturated porous
reservoir rock
(e.g. sandstone)
7
Oil Sand
Bitumen
(API<10°)
Types of Crude Oils & Recovery MethodsR
eserv
oir P
erm
eabili
ty
Conventional
Crude Oil
(API>25°)
Tight Oil
(API>25°)
Medium
Crude Oil
(API~20-25°)
Heavy
Crude Oil
(API~10-20°)
Extra Heavy
Crude Oil
(API<10°)
Oil immobile in the reservoir
Oil mobile in the reservoir
Recovery Method:
Primary Secondary Tertiary (EOR) In-situ
(CSS, SAGD*)
Mining
Fracking
*Cyclic Steam Saturation
Steam Assisted Gravity Drainage
**Excl. fracking
80 % 20%
Viscosity, Density
Cost of Production**
8
Further Oil Sand Bitumen Processing
Blending DilBit
SynBit
Synthetics
PetcokeTailings
Diluent
Bitumen (in-situ)
Bitumen (mining)Solids
Treatment
Upgrader
(Coker)
9
Straight-run Asphalt = Vacuum Distillation Residue
Asphaltic crude quality is a critical factor in high quality asphalt production
10
Crudes Vary in Composition & ValueD
istilla
tion Y
ield
, %
vol.
100
75
50
25
0
Viscosity, Sulphur, Metals, Asphalt Yield
& Quality
Price,
Fuels Yield & Ease of Refining
Synthetics Light Medium Heavy Extra Heavy Bitumen
11
Refineries Optimize Inputs & Outputs, Configuration Limited
36
26
147 7 4 4 3
Average Output (%) from Oil in Canada
*Lubes, Petrochemical Feeds, etc.
Source: Canadian Fuels Association, 2017
12
Refinery Configuration Drives Input & Output Choices
A
D
U
Iso/Alky
Reforming
Catalytic
cracking
Lube plant
Coking
Aromatics
Extraction
Fuel Gas
LPG
Naphtha
Gasoline
Kerosene
Dieselcrude
Hydro-treatment
Raffinate
Lubes
Fuel Oil
Asphalt
Petcoke
BTX
Steam
Cracking
Ethylene/Propylene
Hydrocracking
VDU
HDS
HDS
DHDS
13
46
52
58
64
70
-40 -34 -28 -22 -16
Hig
h T
em
pe
ratu
re P
G (
HT
PG
), °
C
Low Temperature PG (LTPG), °C
Asphaltic Crude Quality & Distillation Target =
The Two Levers to Target a PG Asphalt
Higher
quality
Lower
qualitySofter
asphalt
Harder
asphalt
PG 58-28
46
52
58
64
70
-40 -34 -28 -22 -16
HT
PG
, °C
LTPG, °C
Western Canadian Crudes*
*Kriz, P. et al, CTAA 2012
14
Quality Assurance & Testing
Tank
Transportation
Customer/
Agency
Refinery
Laboratory
Customer/
Agency
Laboratory
QC
Timing &
Variability
Reproducibility
Testing needs to be based on science & field validation,
& also must be fast, practical & reproducible
Test duration & variability increase cost • More tanks, heating, corrections, delays, disputes etc.
?
Simple parameter change may invalidate the test outcome
17 laboratories
2 samples
Two plate sizesQA
Timing &
Variability
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Century-long commitment to customers & industry – Expertise, Research & Leadership
Investment to future: Asphaltic crude production, dedicated asphalt facilities, R&D (internal/external) & people
Product Integrity – We are Responsible from Cradle to Grave
Product
Certification
Manufacturing
Control
Straight-run asphalt
State-of-art process
control
Certified laboratories
Robust PQ systems
Customer &
End-use Application
Crude
Management
Crude assays &
selection process
Crude
Production
Trusted advisor
Performance testing in
customer application
Production of top tier
asphalt crudes
16
International Maritime Organization
Low Sulphur Fuel Oil• Effective Jan 1, 2020, Sulphur content limit in
marine fuel reduces from 3.5 to 0.5 %
Increasing recycling rates vs. refining
objectives to produce more fuels &
petrochemicals• Many new “softeners” enter market
Asphalt market globalization• Large refineries become competitive trans-
regionally (e.g. EU imports to US East Coast)
Industry Trends
3 Mbd of FO
0.3 Mbd of FO
Global asphalt business is ~1.7 Mbd
17
• ExxonMobil/Imperial is has over a 100 years long history of asphalt manufacturing
• Canadian oil sands yield top tier asphaltic feedstock
• Straight-run refinery operation yield premium asphalt grades
• Refineries exist to produce fuels, asphalt is 4% maximize residual molecule uplift
• Imperial & ExxonMobil heavily invest in asphalt R&D to help to sustain the industry
• Support science based, field validated, practical & reproducible specifications
• Responsible manufacturer ensures product integrity beyond sales specification
• New challenges on the horizon: IMO, more conversion, global market
Key Takeaways