Referencing Sources of Business Information

2

Itisanexpectedacademicprac cethatstudentswillreference(orcite)thesourcesofideas,

informa on,dataandotherevidenceinwri enassignments.Youmustalwaysgiveafull

referencewheneveryoudrawonanothersource.Thisisnotjustprac cefortradi onssake;

itisdoneforvalidacademicreasons:

Toenableyourtutorstotracethesourcesyouciteinordertocheckthe

accuracyandvalidityoftheevidencepresented,anddecidewhethertheyagree

withyourinterpreta on.

Tosupportyourargumentsandgivecredibilitytotheinforma onyoupresentin

assignments.

Todemonstratethatyouhavereadwidelyandselectedrelevantevidence.

Toallowinterestedreaderstotracethesourcesyouciteandtousethesame

evidencefortheirownpurposes.

Toavoidtheaccusa onofplagiarism.Byreferencingallyoursourcesyouare

makingitclearwhatisyourownworkandwhatistheworkofothers.

Accurateandintelligentreferencingwillenhanceagoodessayandcontributetothemarks

yougain.Selec onofrelevantevidenceandaccuratereferencingisanimportantelementin

themarkingcriterion.

Why do I need to reference?

3

Foranacademicassignmentitisvitalthatyouacknowledgetheinforma onsourcesyou

haveused.Youshouldreferenceyoursourcesinthefollowinginstances:

Youhavequotedfromasourcedirectly.

Youhaveusedtables,graphs,sta s cs,diagrams,images,etc.takenfromanother

source.Whetheryouhavecopieddirectly,orusedthemasasourceofdata

colla on.

Youhaveparaphrasedoralludedtosomethingyouhaveread/heardinanother

personswork.

Youareusinganothersourcetopresentapar culartheory,argument,or

viewpoint.

Youaregivingemphasistoapar cularideathathasfoundameasureof

agreementandsupportamongstcommentators.

Youdonotneedtoreferencewhensta ngorsummarisingcommonknowledgeorwidely

undisputedfacts,suchas:

ThecreditcrisisisbroadlyacknowledgedastakingholdinAugust2007.

Youshouldacknowledgesourcesbyci ngtheminthetextofyourassignment(calledintext

cita ons)andreferencingtheminfullattheendofyourassignment(calledthereferencelist).

Youcanfindanexamplereferencelistattheendofthisdocument.

When do I need to reference?

4

How to cite and reference sources of business information

Acita onappearsinthebodyofyourwri ngandisusedtoshowthereaderthattheideaor

quota onistheworkofsomebodyelse.Thereadercanthenlookforfurtherinforma on

aboutthesourceofthematerialyouhavecitedinthereferencelist,whichshouldappearat

theendofyourassignment.Thereferencelistisafulllistofallthesourcematerialyouhave

citedinyourassignment.

Something to note:

Thefollowingguidelinesgiveexamplesofhowtoreferencearangeofsourcesaccordingto

theHarvardsystemofreferencing.However,youshouldfollowtheconven onofreferencing

assetoutbyyourprogrammeortutor.Itmaybebesttocheckiftherearepar cular

conven onstheywishforyoutofollow.Thismaybedetailedinyourprogramme/course

handbook.

Punctua oncanvarywhenusingHarvard.HenceyoumightfindthatsomeHarvard

referenceswillhavefullstopsa ereachpartofthereferenceandsomemaynot.The

generallyacceptedrulewhenusingHarvardistobeconsistentwithyourstyleanduseof

punctua onthroughoutyourassignment.Again,youmaywishtocheckwithyourtutorasto

whichprac cetheywishyoutoadopt.

5

Whattoincludeinthereference:

Detailsoftheauthor(s)oreditor(s)(surname,followedbyini als)

Theyearofpublica on(inroundbrackets)

Thefull tle(initalics)

Theedi onoftheissueyouhaveconsulted(onlyincludetheedi onnumberifitisnotthefirstedi on)

Theplaceofpublica on:publisher

Seriesandvolumenumber(ifapplicable)

Example:

Bryman,A.andBell,E.(2007)Businessresearchmethods.2ndedn.Oxford:Oxford

UniversityPress.

IntextCita on:

AccordingtoBrymanandBell(2011,p.23)themostimportantpartoftheresearch

processis

N.B.Wheretherearemorethanthreeauthors,youshouldlisttheminfullinthe

referencelist.However,youneedonlyusethefirstauthorsurnamefollowedbyetal.

inyourtext('etal.'isaLa nabbrevia onmeaning'andothers').

Forexample:ThiswasprovedbyYoungetal.(2000)

1. Books

6

Where to find the information you need to reference a book

Youcanfindtheinforma onyouneedforabookreferencefromcoverandthebackofthe

tlepagewithinthebookitself.

7

Alterna velyyoucanfindthesameinforma onontheLibraryCatalogue.

8


Authorofthechapter/sec on(surnamefollowedbyini als)


Titleofchapter/sec on(insinglequota onmarks)

inpluseditor(s)ofbook

Titleofbook(initalics)

Theedi onoftheissueyouhaveconsulted(onlyincludetheedi onnumberifitisnotthefirstedi on)


Seriesandvolumenumber(ifapplicable) Pagereference

Example:

Jenkins,J.(2006)Theroleofthestateintourism,inBeech,J.andChadwich,S.(ed.)

TheBusinessofTourismManagement.Harlow:FinancialTimesPren ceHall,pp.4158.

IntextCita on:

TheprocessasdescribedbyJenkins(2006,p.43)...

1.1 Chapters/sections from edited books

9

Whenanelectronicbook(ebook)lookslikeaprintedbook,withpublica ondetailsand

pagina on,youshouldreferenceasyouwouldaprintedbook.

Onsomepersonalmobileandedevices(smartphones,tabletsandereaders),specific

ebookfixedpagenumbersarenotavailable.Inthiscaseyoucangivethechapter/sec on

andparagraphnumber(orloc,%)insteadforci ngtheloca onofquotedtext.

Forexample:AccordingtoMa hews(2010,Chapter6,para5.)

Shelley(2012,67%)suggests

Adams(1983,loc879)states...

Insuchinstancesitwillbehelpfultoyourtutortoknowthatyouhavedownloadedand

accessedtheebookviaanedevice.Inthiscase,youshouldalsoincludethedatethatyou

downloadedtheebook:

Detailsoftheauthor(s)oreditor(s)


Thefull tle(initalics)

Availableat:URL

Thedateyoudownloadedthebook(Downloaded:date)

Example:

Burns,R.P.andBurns,R.(2008)Businessresearchmethodsandsta s csusingSPSS.

Availableat:h p://www.amazon.co.uk/kindleebooks(Downloaded:18June2014).

1.2 Electronic books

http://www.amazon.co.uk/kindle-ebooks%20\staff.gre-ad.gre.ac.uk\USR\IL\hr54\Documents\Adobe%20Captivate%20Cached%20Projects

10

2. Journal articles


Detailsoftheauthor(s)(surname,followedbyini als)


The tleofthear cle(insinglequota onmarks)

Titleofthejournal(initalicscapitalisefirstle erofeachwordin tle,exceptforlinkingwordssuchas:as,and,of,the,for)

Volumeinforma on

Ifapplicable,partnumber,monthorseason(allinroundbrackets) Pagereference

Example:

Marschall,S.(2012)Sustainableheritagetourism:theInandaHeritageRouteandthe

2010FIFAWorldCup,JournalofSustainableTourism,20(5),pp.721736.

IntextCita on:

Marschall(2012,p.725)suggeststheimpactoftheWorldCup

2.1 Print journals

11

A journal reference explained

Where to find the information you need from an article

12

ElectronicversionsofprintjournalswhichyouhaveaccessedviaoneoftheUniversitys

onlinesubscrip onresources,suchasadatabaselikeBusinessSourcePremier,are

referencedinthesamewayasprintjournalsanditisnotnecessarytogivetheweb

addressofthedatabasewhereyoufoundthear cle.

Whereanelectronicpublica onhasbeenfoundonanexternalwebsitethenitis

necessarytogivedetailsofthewebaddress,oruniformresourcelocator(URL)wherethe

ar clecanbeaccessedandthedateonwhichyouaccessedit.Alterna vely,youcan

supplythedigitalobjectiden fier(DOI)forthear cle.

URLexample:

Umeji,A.U.andObi,C.A.(2014)Costaccoun ngskillsneedsofsmallbusinessoperators,

AmericanJournalofIndustrialandBusinessManagement,4,pp.246257.Availableat:

h p://www.scirp.org/journal/ajibm/(Accessed:20May2014).

DOIexample:

Apergis,N.andPapoulakos,D.(2013)TheAustraliandollarandgoldprices,TheOpen

EconomicsJournal,6,pp.110.DOI:10.2174/1874919401306010001

2.2 Electronic journals

http://www.scirp.org/journal/ajibm/

13

3. Newspapers

3.1 Newspapers in Print


Detailsoftheauthor/byline



Titleofthenewspaper(initalicscapitalisefirstle erofeachwordin tle,exceptforlinkingwordssuchas:as,and,of,the,for)

Edi onifrequired(inroundbrackets)

Dayandmonth Pagereference

Example:

OConnor,S.(2014)UKrecoveryfailstoboostpublicfinances,TheFinancialTimes,20

June,p.31.

IntextCita on:

Borrowingisexpectedtofallby10percent(OConnor,2014)

N.B.Ifnoauthorisgiven,thengivethe tleofthenewspaperinplaceoftheauthor.

Forexample:TheTimes(2012)Bankaccounts.14June,p.7.

IntextCita on:

Thear cle(TheTimes,2012,p.7)reported...

14


Detailsoftheauthor/byline



Titleofthenewspaper(initalicscapitalisefirstle erofeachwordin tle,exceptforlinkingwordssuchas:as,and,of,the,for)

Edi onifrequired(inroundbrackets)

Dayandmonth

Example:

Rigby,R.(2014)Bondwithteamsyounevermeet,TheFinancialTimes,23June.

Availableat:h p://www. .com/cms/s/0/6e57b5bef70711e38ed60

0144feabdc0.html#axzz35SI3BJCi(Accessed:23June2014).

IntextCita on:

Rigby(2014)reportsonthelimita onsofvirtualrela onshipsandtheimpactof

interac onsintheworkplace.

3.2 Online newspapers

http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/6e57b5be-f707-11e3-8ed6%200%090144feabdc0.html#axzz35SI3BJCihttp://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/6e57b5be-f707-11e3-8ed6%200%090144feabdc0.html#axzz35SI3BJCihttp://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/6e57b5be-f707-11e3-8ed6%200%090144feabdc0.html#axzz35SI3BJCihttp://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/6e57b5be-f707-11e3-8ed6%200%090144feabdc0.html#axzz35SI3BJCi

15

4. Reports


Authorororganisa on


Titleofreportincludingdatesandseriesifavailable(initalics)


Ifaccessedonlineinclude:

Authorororganisa on


Titleofreportincludingdatesandseriesifavailable(initalics)

Availableat:URL

(Accessed:date)

Example:

Bradshaw,J.,Middleton,S.,Davis,A.Oldfield,N.,Smith,N.,Cusworth,L.andWilliams,J.

(2008)AminimumincomestandardforBritain:whatpeoplethink.Availableat:h p://

www.jrf.org.uk/publica ons/minimumincomestandardbritainwhatpeoplethink

(Accessed:26June2014).

IntextCita on:

TheminimumcostoflivinginBritainis13,400(Bradshawetal.,2008,p.32).

4.1 Online research reports

http://www.jrf.org.uk/publications/minimum-income-standard-britain-what-people-thinkhttp://www.jrf.org.uk/publications/minimum-income-standard-britain-what-people-thinkhttp://www.jrf.org.uk/publications/minimum-income-standard-britain-what-people-thinkhttp://www.jrf.org.uk/publications/minimum-income-standard-britain-what-people-think

16

Example:

Mintel(2012)SmartphonePurchasingHabitsUK.Availableat:h p://academic.mintel.com

(Accessed:17May2014).

IntextCita on:

Mintel(2012)reportedproblemsinthemarket

4.2 Online market research reports

Example:

Bri shSkyBroadcas ngGroupplc(2007)Annualreport2007.Availableat:h p://

library.corporateir.net/library/10/104/104016/items/258443/AR07.pdf(Accessed:7May

2014).

IntextCita on:

Thecompanysprofitsexpanded(Bri shSkyBroadcas ngGroupplc,2007)

4.3 Online company annual reports

http://academic.mintel.com/display/645211/?highlight=truehttp://library.corporate-ir.net/library/10/104/104016/items/258443/AR07.pdfhttp://library.corporate-ir.net/library/10/104/104016/items/258443/AR07.pdfhttp://library.corporate-ir.net/library/10/104/104016/items/258443/AR07.pdfhttp://library.corporate-ir.net/library/10/104/104016/items/258443/AR07.pdf

17

5. Government Publications


Nameofgovernmentdepartment


Title(initalics)


Series(inbrackets)ifapplicable


Nameofgovernmentdepartment


Title(initalics)

Series(inbrackets)ifapplicable

Availableat:URL

(Accessed:date)

Example:

DepartmentforBusiness,Innova onandSkills(2014)Innova onreport2014:

innova on,researchandgrowth.Availableat:h ps://www.gov.uk/government/

publica ons/innova onreport2014innova onresearchandgrowth(Accessed:23

June2014).

IntextCita on:

Smallbusinesscoachingprogrammesaretobeincreased(DepartmentforBusiness,

Innova onandSkills,2014).

https://www.gov.uk/government/%09publications/innovation-report-2014-innovation-research-and-growthhttps://www.gov.uk/government/%09publications/innovation-report-2014-innovation-research-and-growthhttps://www.gov.uk/government/%09publications/innovation-report-2014-innovation-research-and-growthhttps://www.gov.uk/government/%09publications/innovation-report-2014-innovation-research-and-growth

18

6. British Standards


Nameofauthoringorganisa on

Yearofpublica on(inroundbrackets)

Numberand tleofstandard(initalics)

Placeofpublica on:publisher


Nameofauthoringorganisa on


Numberand tleofstandard(initalics)

Availableat:URL

(Accessed:date)

Example:

Bri shStandardsIns tu on(2012)20121:2012:Eventsustainabilitymanagement

systems:Requirementswithguidanceforuse.London:Bri shStandardsIns tu on.

IntextCita on:

Aneventsustainabilitymanagementsystemmustbeinconformitywithitsstated

sustainabledevelopmentpolicy(Bri shStandardsIns tu on,2012).

19

7. Conferences


Detailsoftheauthor(s)oreditor(s)


Titleofconference:sub tle(initalics)

Loca onanddateandconference


Example:

Ins tuteforSmallBusinessAffairs(2000)Smallfirms:addingthespark:the23rdISBA

na onalsmallfirmspolicyandresearchconference.RobertGordonUniversity,

Aberdeen,1517November.Leeds:Ins tuteforSmallBusinessAffairs.

IntextCita on:

Theconference(Ins tuteforSmallBusinessAffairs,2000)...

7.1 Full conference proceedings

20


Author(s)ofthepaper


Titleofthepaper(insinglequota onmarks)

Titleoftheconference:sub tle(initalics)

Loca onanddateofconference


Pagereferencesforthepaper


Author(s)ofthepaper



Titleoftheconference:sub tle(initalics)

Loca onanddateofconference

Publisher

Availableat:URL(orDOIifavailable)

(Accessed:date)(notrequiredwhenDOIisused)

Example:

Cook,D.(2000)DevelopingfranchisedbusinessinScotland,Smallfirms:addingthe

spark:the23rdISBAna onalsmallfirmspolicyandresearchconference.Robert

GordonUniversity,Aberdeen,1517November.Leeds:Ins tuteforSmallBusiness

Affairs,pp.127136.

IntextCita on:

Cook(2000)highlightedexamples...

7.2 Individual conference papers

21

8. Working papers


Detailsoftheauthor(s)



Titleoftheworkingpaperseries(initalics)

Workingpapernumber


Detailsoftheauthor(s)



Titleoftheworkingpaperseries(initalics)

Workingpapernumber

Availableat:URL

(Accessed:date)

Example:

Rose,A.K.&Spiegel,M.M.(2009)'Theolympiceffect',NBERWorkingPapers,No.

14854.Availableat:h p://www.nber.org/papers/w14854(Accessed:19May2014).

IntextCita on:

RoseandSpiegel(2009)discuss...

22

9. Datasets


Detailsofthesource

Yearofpublica on(inroundbrackets)ifavailable

Dataderivedfrom:document tle:uniquecodeiden fier(initalics)ifapplicable

Publisher

Availableat:Databasename

(Accessed:date)

Example:

Datastream(2013)Dataderivedfrom:UKimportsofgoods&servicescura:Series

UKIMNGS.B.ThomsonReuters.Availableat:Datastream(Accessed:23June2014).

IntextCita on:

(Datastream,2013)

Ifyouarereferencingadataseriesthatdoesnothavespecific tle,oruniqueiden fier

code,butisaresultofapar cularsearchthatyouhavemadeonthedatabase,then

youshouldgivethedetailsofthedataused(e.g.country,frequency,datatype)inplace

ofthe tle:code.

Example:

Datastream(2013)Dataderivedfrom:WilliamHillannualdividendyield.Thomson

Reuters.Availableat:Datastream(Accessed23June2014).

9.1 Data from Datastream, Thomson One and Orbis

23


Detailsofauthor/principleinves gator

Title(initalics)

Edi on

PlaceofDistribu on:Distributor(similartopublisher)

Distribu ondate

Referencenumber

DOI

Example:

OfficeforNa onalSta s cs.SocialSurveyDivisionandNorthernIrelandSta s csand

ResearchAgency.CentralSurveyUnit,QuarterlyLabourForceSurvey,AprilJune,

2012.2ndedi on.Colchester,Essex:UKDataArchive,March2013.SN7108,DOI:

h p://dx.doi.org/10.5255/UKDASN71082

IntextCita on:

AccordingtotheOfficeforNa onalSta s cs.SocialSurveyDivisionandNorthern

IrelandSta s csandResearchAgency(2012)...

Exampleforinterna onalmacrodata:

Interna onalMonetaryFund(2013):Direc onofTradeSta s cs(Edi on:Feb2013).

Mimas,UniversityofManchester.DOI:h p://dx.doi.org/10.5257/imf/dots/201302

Forinforma ononhowtociteCensusdatavisit:

h p://census.ukdataservice.ac.uk/usedata/ci ngdata/2011.aspx

9.2 Data from UKDS

http://dx.doi.org/10.5257/imf/dots/2013-02http://census.ukdataservice.ac.uk/use-data/citing-data/2011.aspx

24

10. Web pages

Whenreferencinginforma onfromtheinternet,youmustbeclearwhatyouare

referringto.Wehavealreadyseenhowyoushouldreferencematerialsuchasjournals

ar cles,reportsandpapersfoundonline.Thenatureofwhatyouarereferringtowill

governhowyoureferenceit.

Ifyouaretakinginforma ondirectlyfromthepagesofawebsite,youshouldreference

asfollows:


Detailsoftheauthor(s)orauthoringorganisa on

Yearthatthesitewaspublished/lastupdated(inroundbrackets)

Titleofwebpage(initalics)

Availableat:URL

(Accessed:date)

Example:

Oxfam(2014)Businessandpoverty.Availableat:h p://www.oxfam.org.uk/whatwe

do/issuesweworkon/businessesandpoverty(Accessed:25June2014)

IntextCita on:

Oxfam(2014)highlighttheissuesinthedevelopingworld

http://www.oxfam.org.uk/what-we-do/issues-we-work-on/businesses-and-poverty\staff.gre-ad.gre.ac.uk\USR\IL\hr54\Documents\Adobe%20Captivate%20Cached%20Projectshttp://www.oxfam.org.uk/what-we-do/issues-we-work-on/businesses-and-poverty\staff.gre-ad.gre.ac.uk\USR\IL\hr54\Documents\Adobe%20Captivate%20Cached%20Projectshttp://www.oxfam.org.uk/what-we-do/issues-we-work-on/businesses-and-poverty\staff.gre-ad.gre.ac.uk\USR\IL\hr54\Documents\Adobe%20Captivate%20Cached%20Projectshttp://www.oxfam.org.uk/what-we-do/issues-we-work-on/businesses-and-poverty\staff.gre-ad.gre.ac.uk\USR\IL\hr54\Documents\Adobe%20Captivate%20Cached%20Projects

25

Where to find the information you need from a web page

26

N.B.

Ifawebpagehasnocleardateofpublica on/revisionyoushouldinclude(nodate)in

yourreference,butremembertogivethedateyouaccessedthepage.

Ifawebpagehasnoclearlyiden fiableauthororauthoringorganisa onyouomit

thiselementfromthereferenceandjustusethe tleofthewebpageinyourintext

cita on.

Remembertoevaluateallinforma onfoundonwebpagesforaccuracy,authority,and

currency.Youneedtoevaluatetheimplica onsofnotknowingwhenandbywhom

informa onhasbeenpublished.Ifawebsitedoesnothavesufficientinforma onabout

ownershipandcurrencyofthecontent,thenyouwillneedtomakeajudgementabout

whetheritisappropriatetousetheinforma oninanacademicassignment.

11. Dissertations or theses


Detailsoftheauthor

Yearofsubmission(inroundbrackets)

Titleofthesis(initalics)

Degreestatement

Degreeawardingbody

11.1 Published PhD theses

27


Detailsoftheauthor

Yearofsubmission(inroundbrackets)

Titleofthesis(initalics)

Degreestatement

Degreeawardingbody

Availableat:URL

(Accessed:date)

Example:

Jackson,C.A.(2012)Strengthofweak esinmicrofinance.PhDthesis.Universityof

Greenwich.Availableat:

h p://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?did=1&uin=uk.bl.ethos.571450(Accessed:26June

2014)

IntextCita on:

Jackson(2012,p.35)

Thesameinforma onisrequiredwhenreferencinganunpublisheddisserta onor

theses,butyoushouldindicatethattheworkisunpublishedasfollows:

Example:

Alli,O.(2005)EfficientmarkethypothesisandtheNigerianstockexchange.

UnpublishedMScdisserta on.UniversityofGreenwich.

11.2 Unpublished dissertations and theses

http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?did=1&uin=uk.bl.ethos.571450

28

12. Indirect sources or secondary referencing

Ifabook,orar clereferstointeres ngpieceofresearchdonebysomeoneelse,or

providesausefulfactforyourassignment,thengivesacita on,naminganotherwriter

orwriters,howdoyoureferencethis?

Goodprac cewouldbetofindandreadthesourcemen onedyourselfthiswayyou

willabletochecktheaccuracyofthesummaryoftheauthoryouarereading.Ifitisnot

possibletolocatetheprimarysourceofthematerialandwhereyouareconfidentthe

secondarysourceauthorisreliableandaccurateinthewayheorshehasparaphrased

orquotedtheoriginalauthorandwhenyoudonotneedtogointoanygreatdepthof

analysisonwhatthatprimaryauthorhaswri en,youcanusethesesecondarysources.

Example:

IfShermanandJudkinsbookwasusedasasecondarysource,yourcita onmustmake

thisclear.Soyoucouldwrite:

IvanIllich(1981),assummarisedbyShermanandJudkins(1995,p.121),hassuggested

thatshadowwork

OR

Illich(1981)hassuggestedthatshadowworktasksinsocietywereoncethe

responsibilityofextendedfamiliesandclosecommuni es(citedinShermanandJud

kins,1995,p.121).

OR

ShermanandJudkinsintheirbook(1995,p.121)refertotheworkofIvanIllich(1981),

whocoinedthetermshadowworktosuggestthat.

29

Thefullreferenceinthereferencelistmustgivedetailsofthesourceyoulookedat:

Sherman,B.andJudkins,P.(1995)Licensedtowork.London:Cassell.

YouhavenotconsultedtheoriginalIllichwork,socannotgivethereferenceforthisin

yourreferencelist.Yourintextcita onmakesitclearthattheIIIichreferenceisa

secondaryreference.

13. Including page numbers in the in-text citation

Whendoyouincludepagenumbersintheintextcita on?

Ifyouarereferringtosomethingthatcamefromapar cularpageofyoursource

material,itmakesitmucheasierforyourreadertotraceifyougivethepagenumberin

yourintextcita on.Tobetrulyaccurateinyourreferencingyoushouldgivethepage

numberwhen:

Quo ngdirectlyfromapar cularpage

Thepointyouhavesummarisedorparaphrasedcomesfromapar cularpage

Youdonotneedtogivethepagenumberwhenyouarereferringtoageneralideafrom

yoursourcematerial,orwhensummarisingalargesec onofthesource.

30

14. The reference list

Areferencelistisanalphabe callistofallthesourcematerialyouhavecitedinyour

assignment.

Ifyouhavemul pleworksbythesameauthor(s),thentheseshouldgoinorderofpublica

ondate,withtheearliestfirst.

Ifyoushouldhavetwo(ormore)publica onsbythesameauthorpublishedinthesame

year,thenyoushouldincludealowercasele erinalphabe calordera erthepublica on

date(withintheclosedbrackets).

Example:

Cameron,S.(2005a)Thebusinessstudent'shandbook:learningskillsforstudyand

employment.3rdedn.Harlow:FinancialTimesPren ceHall

Cameron,S.(2005b)TheMBAhandbook:skillsformasteringmanagement.5thedn.

Harlow:FinancialTimesPren ceHall

IntextCita on:

theimportanceofpresenta onskills(Cameron,2005a).Inananalysisoftheskillsof

themodernMBAstudent,Cameron(2005b)...

Areferencelistcompiledfromsomeoftheexamplereferencesinthisdocumentfollows.

31

Apergis,N.andPapoulakos,D.(2013)TheAustraliandollarandgoldprices,TheOpen

EconomicsJournal,6,pp.110.DOI:10.2174/1874919401306010001

Bradshaw,J.,Middleton,S.,Davis,A.Oldfield,N.,Smith,N.,Cusworth,L.andWilliams,J.

(2008)AminimumincomestandardforBritain:whatpeoplethink.Availableat:

h p://www.jrf.org.uk/publica ons/minimumincomestandardbritainwhatpeoplethink

Bryman,A.andBell,E.(2007)Businessresearchmethods.2ndedn.Oxford:Oxford

UniversityPress.

Burns,R.P.andBurns,R.(2008)Businessresearchmethodsandsta s csusingSPSS.

Availableat:h p://www.amazon.co.uk/kindleebooks(Downloaded:18June2014).

DepartmentforBusiness,Innova onandSkills(2014)Innova onreport2014:

innova on,researchandgrowth.Availableat:h ps://www.gov.uk/government/

publica ons/innova onreport2014innova onresearchandgrowth(Accessed:23

June2014).

Jenkins,J.(2006)Theroleofthestateintourism,inBeech,J.andChadwich,S.(ed.)

TheBusinessofTourismManagement.Harlow:FinancialTimesPren ceHall,pp.4158.

Marschall,S.(2012)Sustainableheritagetourism:theInandaHeritageRouteandthe

2010FIFAWorldCup,JournalofSustainableTourism,20(5),pp.721736.

Mintel(2012)SmartphonePurchasingHabitsUK.Availableat:

h p://academic.mintel.com(Accessed:17May2014).

OConnor,S.(2014)UKrecoveryfailstoboostpublicfinances,TheFinancialTimes,20

June,p.31.

14.1 Example reference list

http://www.jrf.org.uk/publications/minimum-income-standard-britain-what-people-thinkhttps://www.gov.uk/government/%09publications/innovation-report-2014-innovation-research-and-growthhttps://www.gov.uk/government/%09publications/innovation-report-2014-innovation-research-and-growthhttps://www.gov.uk/government/%09publications/innovation-report-2014-innovation-research-and-growthhttps://www.gov.uk/government/%09publications/innovation-report-2014-innovation-research-and-growthhttp://academic.mintel.com/display/645211/?highlight=true

32

15. Resources to help you with Harvard Referencing

Anexcellentresourcethatgivesexamplesofhowtoreferenceahugerangeofsources

accordingtotheHarvardstyleofreferencingis:

Pears,R.andShields,G.(2013)Citethemright.9thedn.Basingstoke:Palgrave

Macmillan.

Books:

CopiesofthefollowingcanbefoundintheUniversityofGreenwichlibraries:

Deane,M.(2010)Academicresearch,wri ngandreferencing.Harlow:Longman.

McMillan,K.andWeyers,J.D.B.(2013)Howtocite,reference&avoidplagiarismat

university.Harlow:Pearson.

Neville,C.(2010)Thecompleteguidetoreferencingandavoidingplagiarism.2ndedn.

Maidenhead:OpenUniversityPress.

Williams,K.andCarroll,J.(2009)Referencingandunderstandingplagiarism.

Basingstoke:PalgraveMacmillan.

Onlineresources:

iPROGRESSonlinecourseReferencingmodule:

AvailableviathePortalFoundontheLibrary&Compu ngtabLibraryOnlineCourse

channel

PalgraveStudySkillsonlinecourseReferencingandunderstandingplagiarismmodule:

AvailableviathePortalFoundontheMyLearningtabStudySkillsSupportchannel

selectthelinkfreeonlinecourses.

/ColorImageDict > /JPEG2000ColorACSImageDict > /JPEG2000ColorImageDict > /AntiAliasGrayImages false /CropGrayImages true /GrayImageMinResolution 300 /GrayImageMinResolutionPolicy /OK /DownsampleGrayImages true /GrayImageDownsampleType /Bicubic /GrayImageResolution 300 /GrayImageDepth -1 /GrayImageMinDownsampleDepth 2 /GrayImageDownsampleThreshold 1.50000 /EncodeGrayImages true /GrayImageFilter /DCTEncode /AutoFilterGrayImages true /GrayImageAutoFilterStrategy /JPEG /GrayACSImageDict > /GrayImageDict > /JPEG2000GrayACSImageDict > /JPEG2000GrayImageDict > /AntiAliasMonoImages false /CropMonoImages true /MonoImageMinResolution 1200 /MonoImageMinResolutionPolicy /OK /DownsampleMonoImages true /MonoImageDownsampleType /Bicubic /MonoImageResolution 1200 /MonoImageDepth -1 /MonoImageDownsampleThreshold 1.50000 /EncodeMonoImages true /MonoImageFilter /CCITTFaxEncode /MonoImageDict > /AllowPSXObjects false /CheckCompliance [ /None ] /PDFX1aCheck false /PDFX3Check false /PDFXCompliantPDFOnly false /PDFXNoTrimBoxError true /PDFXTrimBoxToMediaBoxOffset [ 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 ] /PDFXSetBleedBoxToMediaBox true /PDFXBleedBoxToTrimBoxOffset [ 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 ] /PDFXOutputIntentProfile () /PDFXOutputConditionIdentifier () /PDFXOutputCondition () /PDFXRegistryName () /PDFXTrapped /False

/CreateJDFFile false /Description > /Namespace [ (Adobe) (Common) (1.0) ] /OtherNamespaces [ > /FormElements false /GenerateStructure false /IncludeBookmarks false /IncludeHyperlinks false /IncludeInteractive false /IncludeLayers false /IncludeProfiles false /MultimediaHandling /UseObjectSettings /Namespace [ (Adobe) (CreativeSuite) (2.0) ] /PDFXOutputIntentProfileSelector /DocumentCMYK /PreserveEditing true /UntaggedCMYKHandling /LeaveUntagged /UntaggedRGBHandling /UseDocumentProfile /UseDocumentBleed false >> ]>> setdistillerparams> setpagedevice