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277
General Index
affective responses, 20, 234–235, 247, 248, 250ff.
ambiguous figures, 61, 69, 176–177, 184, 186
Ames chair, 34Ames room, 51, 56, 229apparent properties, see appearancesappearances, 1–5, Chapter 1, 64, 70,
99, 159, 160(not) in harmony with facts/with
the physical world, 30, 36, 38(not) in harmony with physical
measurements, 29appraisals, 209
appraisal system, 258argument from illusion, 27, 87attention, 12
and emotions, 207, 215–217
Beliefs, 7, 12, 19, 20, 25, 40, 55, 65, 128, 149, 228, 229
background beliefs, 224, 230, 233, 234, 242, 259
delusional beliefs, 235, 240bent stick, 64, 65, 114, 216
see also refraction
camouflage, 136Capgras delusion/Capgras syndrome,
18, 20, 235, 237, 239, 242, 248, 250, 253–256
color, 3–6, 8, 35, 38–39, 40–41, 42, 87, 99, 106, 147, 148, 153, 174, 178, 181, 208, 220
see also Moon, color ofcolor contrast illusion, 25, 26, 29color sensation, 35
completion, see filling-inconcepts, 48, 73, 127, 180, 188,
208, 210concept of error, 71concept of illusion, 6, 26, 33, 42,
47, 82, 109
concept of image, 161, 193concept of representation, 158concept of size, 93demonstrative concepts, 232,
233, 241recognitional concepts, 232,
235, 236singular concepts, 233
conclusive reasons, 130constancies (perceptual), 8–9,
34–36color constancy, 35–36, 38, 95Palmer’s definition of, 34, 36, 38,
88ff.size constancy, Chapters 5 and 6tendency to constancy, 9, 89, 91,
96, 98, 100, 106constancy hypothesis, 35content
conceptual/non conceptual content, 208, 210, 212, 233
demonstrative content, 229of emotions, 208, 209, 210evaluative content, 211, 212of experience, 233, 234, 235, 236,
238, 249of judgements, 230of perception through mirrors, 192,
195, 196, 197of pictures, 185, 191propositional content, 211representational content, 206, 211
conventions, 167, 168, 174, 185
deceit/deception, 15, 76, 148, 149, 150ff., 168–169
delusions/delusionaldelusional beliefs, 235, 240delusional disorders, 242delusional judgements, 249of doubles/of replication, 249, 250and illusions, 12, 13, 63of intermetamorphosis, 255, 257
9780230_347908_17_gind.indd 277 4/18/2012 12:11:54 PM
278 General Index
depicted object, 7, 8, 12, 13ff., 155, 158, 161
depiction Chapters 8 and 9see also picturesand concealment, 148, 150and its constraints, 16, 169,
181, 182illusion(istic) theories of, 165, 166,
169, 171make-believe theories of, 165objective resemblance theories of,
164, 166, 175, 178, 181, 182, 184recognition theories of, 165,
169, 171seeing-in theories of, 165, 169semiotic theories of, 165subjective resemblance theories
of, 164depth, 146, 161, 172, 173deviant causal chains, 17, 195–196Devil’s Fork, 4discrepancy, see inconsistencydisjunctivism, 2double nose illusion/Aristotle’s
illusion, 52, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69doubles, 18, 243, 248–250duplicates, see doubles
Ebbinghaus-Titchener illusion, 4, 118see also size: size contrast illusion
emotions 17, 18, 19, Chapter 11and actions, 217analogies with perceptions, 17, 18,
207ff.appropriateness of, 208automaticity of, 207ff.basic emotions, 207, 212, 221causes of, 210as cognitive sharpenings, 221as cognitive states/kinds of
judgements, 206cognitive theories of, 206as conative states, 206in conflict with judgements, 17, 18,
205, 206correctness conditions for, 208and facial expressions, 258justification of, 213–214as kinds of sensations, 208
modularity of, 210–211, 218as perceptions/representations of
values, 18, 206, 207, 211, 212, 215, 220
as perceptual illusions, 202, 219, 223
plasticity of, 19, 218–219and rationality assessments, 213,
215, 217, 219recalcitrant, 17–19, 205, 206, 208ff.and thought, 205
epistemic innocence, 17, 197ff.errors, 18, 63
see also illusionsas departures from facts /physical
reality, 61in emotions, 17–18, 205perceptual, 17, 19, 30, 40, 61in seeing things through mirrors, 197
expectations, 7, 60, 65, 66, 67, 69, 134ff.
cognitive expectations, 224externalism vs internalism, 245
faces/facial featuresface processing system, 255face recognition, 20, 234–235, 241,
247, 248ff.facial information, 255impairment in face processing, 250perceptual representation of facial
features, 250recognition of depicted faces, 174,
176–177, 183–184factive vs non-factive verbs, 126–127feeling of presence, 20, 235, 237ff.filling-in, 126, 141foreground/background contrast,
172, 173, 183foundationalism, 226Fregoli’s delusion/ Fregoli’s syndrome,
235, 255, 256, 258
geometrical illusions, 46, 47, 107, 119, 120, 122
Gestalt, 102, 233Gestalt qualities, see grouping
propertiesgolf ball illusion, 64
9780230_347908_17_gind.indd 278 4/18/2012 12:11:55 PM
General Index 279
grouping properties, 172, 173, 174ff., 186
hallucinations, 27, 63–64holograms, 169, 187
icons, 165, 166, 168, 184illusions
affective illusions, 236, 237and cognitive errors, 17, 19,
223–226as departures from physical
measurements, 38–39as departures from truth, 3as discrepancies between
appearance and reality, 2, 3, 28, 29
emotional illusions, 205epistemic value of, 69ff.as experiences of inconsistency, 6, 7Gregory’s characterization of, 3, 4,
28, 61, 62heuristic value of, 60, 71, 73–74of (impossible) movement, 67, 68of (impossible) position, 67, 68kinesthetic illusions, 69as metaperceptual experiences, 7,
10, 54, Chapter 4as mistaken perceptions, 6, 49, 59necessary/sufficient conditions for,
4, 5as perceptual inconsistencies, 6, 50ff.phenomenological characterization
of, 54–55Reynolds’s characterization of, 82robustness/cognitive
impenetrability of, 62ff., 73, 77, 80
taxonomies of, 6, 46ff., 59, 83of unfamiliarity, 237we are (not) immediately aware of,
Chapter 3, 67–71illusory figures, 47, 48, 59, 138images
causal-intentional account of, 194fragility of, 160image perception, 145ff.non propositional nature of, 161as perceptual objects, 153, 158and words, 174
imagination, 14, 15, 145inconsistency, 6–8, 80
across time, 51–52, 69between perception and action,
52–53, 69between perception and
knowledge, 10between perceptual systems, 52, 69involved in illusions, 1ff., Chapter
2, 3 and 4of perceptions, 80stimulus inconsistency, 55–57, 71
intentionalism, 2intentionality, 182–184
intentionality constraint, 167, 181, 190of pictures, 165, 166, 183ff.
intentions, 13, 159, 161, 194communicative intentions, 151empty intentions, 126
interoception, 207
judgements, 17, 18, 40, 209, 213, 227, 228, 229, 230
recognition judgements, 20, 237, 239, 240, 249
Kanizsa Triangle, 12, 47, 48, 59, 63, 138, 139, 140
magnitude, see sizeMcGurk effect, 57Millian names, 255mirages, 47, 59mirrors, 16–17, 65, Chapter 10
convex mirrors, 199, 200and illusions, 196, 197, 198and images, 193, 194, 195, 198as inverting right and left, 196ff.mirror dilemma, 199mirror illusion, 197–198multipliers and perception through
mirrors, 16, 17, 192, 196, 200rear-view mirrors, 199and space, 197, 199, 200unifiers and perception through
mirrors, 16, 17, 192, 195, 198as vehicles of representation, 194and virtual reality, 200and windows, 194, 195, 197, 199, 201
9780230_347908_17_gind.indd 279 4/18/2012 12:11:55 PM
280 General Index
misidentification, see misrecognitionmisrecognition, 15, 19–20
delusions of misrecognition, 242, 243, 245, 247, 255, 258
and depiction, 14–15, 169ff., 178ff.
and errors of belief/of judgement, 233, 240
and perceptual illusions, 223, 224, 240
of persons, 18, 20, Chapters 12 and 13
Mooncolor of the Moon, 31, 39, 50–51,
56, 115, 116, 121Moon illusion, 10, 11, 31, 39, 49, 97,
Chapter 6physical and perceived motion of,
49–50retinal image of, 31–33, 110ff.visual appearance of, 31–33, 49–50,
112, 116Müller-Lyer Illusion, 4, 7, 15, 19, 25,
26, 29, 30, 37, 39, 46, 47, 62, 64, 66, 69, 77, 78–80, 108, 166, 170, 210, 214, 219, 222, 223
Necker’s Cube, 4, 49, 172, 176, 182
objectscomplete objects, 132detached/undetached parts of,
132–133, 136, 138, 141fictional objects, 179of hallucination, 27intrinsic (concept of) object, 244,
247, 257, 259non existent objects, 179, 180relational (concept of) object, 244,
246, 247, 255, 257visible parts of, 125, 134ff.
occlusions, 11, 21, 48, Chapter 7, 189, 245, 249
occlusion properties, 97ff.ontological relativism, 180opto-kinetic drum, 57
parallax, 194
perceptionadaptive function of, 45correctness/veridicality of
perception, 5, 29, 39and correspondence with facts/
with reality, 27, 39direct theories of, 59, 60ecological approach to, 59, 60goal of perception, 5and inferences, 27, 35as providing information, 37, 41
perceptual buffer, 232, 235personal identity, 247perspective, 3, 65, 81, 82, 90, 118,
119, 147, 154, 155, 157, 160, 229aerial perspective, 115, 116
pictorial experience, 11, 169pictorial representation, 161, 164, 167,
179–182, 184pictoriality, 164, 165, 166, 167, 168,
181, 184, 185, 188, 191pictures, 12, 16, Chapters 8 and 9
double dilemma of picture perception, 81–82
and twofoldness of picture perception, 14, 169ff.
Poggendorf illusion, 46Ponzo illusion, 4, 54presence
perceptual presence, 126sense of presence, 20, 248,
255, 259presuppositions
context dependence of, 21epistemic presuppositions, 223,
224ff., 241primitive certainty, 19, 20, 21, 228,
229, 238, 240principle of cooperation, 152
propertiesphenomenal properties, 207ff.primary and secondary properties,
40, 41properties cluster, 244relational/relative properties, 9, 35,
97, 100ff., 176, 190, 220, 247semantic properties, 244subjective properties, 41, 175,
176, 189
9780230_347908_17_gind.indd 280 4/18/2012 12:11:55 PM
General Index 281
propositions/propositional, 17, 19, 20, 21, 25, 126, 127, 141, 161, 206, 209
hinge propositions, see presuppositions: epistemic presuppositions
prosopagnosia, 236, 250, 253psychophysical chain, 2, 3, 6, 49
quodlibet, 149
rationality problem, 215, 218realists, 4, 27, 37–38recognition (of persons), Chapters 12
and 13see also faces/facial featuresawareness of, 252causalist view of, 243, 259implicit vs explicit recognition,
251–253and inferentialism, 230ff.and literalism, 20, 230, 232ff.and sophisticated literalism,
236–237, 240recognitional abilities, 234, 236reflectance, 4, 38, 40reflection (in mirrors), 192, 193, 200
sensorimotor theory of, 198ff.reflex movement, 66refraction, 105, 107, 113–115, 122replicas
as objects seen in mirrors, 17, 196, 197, 198, 199, 200
of (familiar) persons, 249, 250of places, 250
retinal image/retinal projection, 5, 8, 33, 46, 49, 50, 56, 57, 101ff.
see also stimulus/stimulation: proximal
rubber hand illusion, 52
seeingepistemic seeing/seeing-that,
127–134imagining seeing/make believedly
seeing/pretending to see, 13, 146seeing and knowing, 129–132, 136seeing-as, 134, 146, 170,
188, 242
seeing-in, 13–15, 145, 165, 168–170, 172, 174, 176, 184, 188
simple seeing, 11, 127–129, 132ff.sensory data, 2, 20shadows, 56, 193singular/demonstrative thought, 244size
see also Moon: Moon illusion and constancies: size constancy
angular size (of the sun, of the moon), 9, 91, 92, 95–97, 100–104, 106, 107, 110ff.
intrinsic size, 9, 92, 93, 95, 96, 101, 103
judgements of size, 30, 31, 36phenomenal size, 96physical size, 3ff., 29, 30, 31, 42, 96,
108, 110size contrast illusion, 107, 118, 119size-weight illusion, 7, 60
skin conductance responses, 251, 252, 256
spacereal vs figurative, 146, 151,
155–156, 157subjective vs objective, 112virtual, 199–200
Star of David, 138–140stimulus/stimulation
auditory, 72–73distal, 4, 5, 6, 49, 50, 101, 102–105proximal, 5, 6, 8, 49, 50, 55
stimulus error view, 83Sun illusion, 110, 111, 113surprise, 7, 65, 212, 159synchretism, 14, 167–168, 173–174,
176, 178, 181
tricks played by magicians, 63, 75, 78
trompe l’oeil, 13, 16, Chapter 9, 168, 171
and concealment, 148, 153and deception, 148ff.and expectations, 156–157expressive function of, 157and irony, 152metapictorial nature of, 160role of spectator, 151, 153, 158
9780230_347908_17_gind.indd 281 4/18/2012 12:11:55 PM
282 General Index
Truth, 3, 9, 19, 41, 61, 70–71, 82, 87, 100, 209, 224, 227, 240
as correspondence with reality, 71
valence, 260vanitas, 159, 163ventral pathways, 256vertical-horizontal illusion, 37, 39,
81, 108
visual differentiation, 128, 135ff., 138–139
visualizing, 14visuo-affective pathway, 234,
235–236visuo-affective system,
235, 238
Zoellner illusion, 31, 32, 38
9780230_347908_17_gind.indd 282 4/18/2012 12:11:55 PM
283
Name Index
Abell, C., 187, 190, 191Aglioti, S., 118Alexander, M. P., 250Amazeen, E. L., 60Apter, M. J., 83Arcimboldo, G., 176Aristotle, 49, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 113Armon-Jones, C., 218Armony, J., 222Austin, J. L., 1, 2, 5, 63, 64, 65, 241Averill, J. R., 218
Bai, J., 188, 189Bailey, C., 110Balfour, R., 111Bardy, B. G., 44, 60Bauer, R. M., 250, 251, 253Bayne, T., 249Bedford, F., 243, 244Benedetti, F., 52, 66Bergson, H., 152Berkeley, G., 4, 29, 42, 119, 120Bianchi, I., 6, 7, 10, 54, 83Bidault, E., 250Block, N., 198, 200Blount, G., 248Blumson, B., 187, 188, 190, 191Boccaccio, 149Boilly, L., 160, 161Borges, J. L., 201Boring, E. G., 109, 112Brady, M., 213-216, 222Bramante, 162Branigan, C., 222Bressan, P., 45Brown, R. O., 88, 95Bruno, N., 5, 6, 47, 69, 106Bruyer, R., 250, 251Bulthoff, H. H., 57Burnham, D. L., 250Burton, H. E., 111Burton, M., 248, 252
Bury, R. G., 113Byrne, A., 20
Calabi, C., 11–12Campbell, J., 241, 260Carlson, V. R., 91, 92, 93, 95Carruthers, P., 212Casati, R., 16, 17, 63, 187, 189, 201Cavanagh, P., 201Charland, L. C., 206, 221Charpentier, A., 52, 60Chisholm, R. M., 189, 190Chwalisz, K., 221Cleomedes, 110, 113, 115Close, C., 160Cohen, J., 52, 241Coltheart, M., 241, 248Corcoran, T. H., 113Coren, S., 28Cosmides, L., 218Courbon, P., 255Crabbé, G., 11, 124Crane, T., 20, 221Craske, B., 67Cummings, J. L., 250
Damasio, A., 221, 222, 241, 251Damasio, H., 241, 251da Pos, O., 83D’Arms, J., 210, 217, 218, 220, 221Davidson, D., 65, 70Davies, M., 241Davies, S., 187, 188, 191de Barbari, J., 150Debray, R., 150Deigh, J., 217, 221Dennett, D., 65, 141Deonna, J., 206de Pauw, K. W., 248, 255Deregowski, J. B., 119Derryberry, D., 215, 222Descartes, R., 112
9780230_347908_18_nind.indd 283 4/18/2012 12:12:35 PM
284 Name Index
de Sousa, R., 206, 212, 213, 220, 221, 222
DiZio, P. A., 57Dokic, J., 19, 20, 241, 242, 243,
248, 259Dolan, R., 222Döring, S., 206Dretske, F., 20, 21, 127, 128, 130–131,
136–137, 141, 187, 188Duncan, J., 222Dunning, E., 80
Ebert-Schifferer, S., 159Eco, U., 201Edwards-Lee, T., 250Egan, F., 120Eilan, N., 241Ekman, P., 212, 218, 220, 221Elias, N., 80Ellis, H. D., 64, 234, 242, 248, 250,
254, 255, 257Epstein, W., 35, 89, 90, 91, 95Ernst, M. O., 57Euclid, 111Euripides, 162, 163Eva, F. J., 255Evans, B. T., 241Evans, G., 221
Fail, G., 255Faucher, L., 218, 221, 222Feinberg, T. E., 250Fodor, J., 211, 212, 218, 221Franz, V. H., 118Franzen, M. D., 250Frederick, S., 241Fredrickson, B. L., 215Friesen, W. V., 220, 221
Ganel, T., 54Gassendi, P., 114Gendler, T., 27Gerbino, W., 47, 140, 141Gerrans, P., 13, 20, 233, 237, 238, 241Gibson, J. J., 35, 42, 44, 60, 109, 161Gijsbrechts, C., 149, 150, 160Gilchrist, A., 56Gilinsky, A., 91–93, 95, 120Giotto, 149
Goldie, P., 220Goldstein, E. B., 88Gombrich, E., 12–15, 187, 191Goodale, M. A., 54Goodman, N., 165, 166,
177–180, 190Goodwin, G. M., 166, 167, 168Granrud, C. E., 119Greenspan, P. S., 206, 221Gregory, R. L., 3–4, 6, 28, 46–47,
59, 61–62, 90–91, 99, 112, 117, 118, 266
Grice, P., 152, 161Griffiths, P. E., 211, 220, 221
Haladjian, H. H., 245Harré, R., 218Harvey, L. B., 89, 95Haslanger, S., 244Hatfield, G., 35Hawthorne, J., 27Hay, J. C., 71Held, R., 28Heller, M. A., 72Helm, B., 19, 213, 222Helmholtz, H., 42Hermerèn, G., 188Hinton, J. M., 20Hochberg, J., 88Hogan, J. A., 49Holway, A. H., 112Hopkins, R., 14, 140, 165, 189, 190Hugdahl, K., 216, 222Hughes, P., 53Husserl, E., 70, 126Hyman, J., 187, 190
Ibn al-Haytham, 115, 116Ikeda, K., 71Ittelson, W. H., 51
Jacobson, D., 210, 217, 218, 220, 221
James, W., 206, 222Johnston, M., 20Jones, R., 109Joseph, A. B., 255Joynson, R. B., 94–96Juricevic, J., 188, 189
9780230_347908_18_nind.indd 284 4/18/2012 12:12:35 PM
Name Index 285
Kahneman, D., 241Kandisky, W., 146Kanizsa, G., 140, 141, 176Kaufman, J. H., 117Kaufman, L., 117Kelly, S. D., 88, 99Kennedy, J. M., 183, 188, 189Koffka, K., 45, 57, 58, 161Kubovy, M., 6–7, 10, 54, 75, 80, 81,
162, 222Kulvicki, J. V., 165, 191
Lackner, J. R., 57Lamont, P., 75Lange, G., 206Lecocq, A. M., 149, 159Lederman, S. J., 64Ledoux, J., 212, 222Leibowitz, H. W., 89, 95Leong, G. B., 248Levine, C., 161Levine, J., 47Levinson, J., 188Lewis, M. B., 248, 254Loar, B., 232Logue, H., 20Lomazzo, P., 155Lopes, D., 165, 166, 168, 171, 181,
182, 188, 189, 190, 191, 241Lou, L., 120Lowe, E. J., 243, 244, 247Luauté, J. P., 250Luckiesh, M., 28, 119Lucretius, 110Lyons, W., 220
Macknik, S. L., 75MacPherson, F., 189Manet, É., 12, 13, 15Mantegna, A., 7, 162Marr, D., 49Marshall, J. C., 250Martin, M. G. F., 20, 75Matthen, M., 220, 247Matthews, G., 222Matthews, P. B. C., 66, 67, 68Maund, B., 9, 106, 117, 120, 140Mausfeld, R., 95McCloskey, D. I., 66, 67, 68
McCready, D., 96, 117, 120MacDonald, J., 57McDowell, J., 245McGurk, H., 57McKenzie, K., 255McLaughlin, B., 236, 237Meinong, A., 206Meredith, M. E., 72Michotte, A., 11, 124, 161Mineka, S., 221, 222Morgan, M., 58Morreall, J., 221Moyal-Sharrock, D., 241Mulligan, K., 21, 126, 188, 220, 224,
228, 244Munakata, Y., 249Mundle, C. W. K., 93–94Murray, S. O., 122
Newall, M., 188Ninio, J., 44, 47Noe, A., 44, 59, 97, 99–100, 103,
126, 140Noonan, H. W., 243, 247
Öhman, A., 221O’Regan, J. K., 59O’Reilly, R., 249
Pacherie, E., 249Palmer, S., 34, 88, 89, 90, 91–93,
101–102Parfit, D., 247Parmigianino, 146Pasquinelli, E., 6, 7, 106Paterson, S. J., 80Peacocke, C., 165, 189Perry, J., 231, 255Pessoa, L., 140Pettit, P., 220Pick, H. L., 71Pinna, B., 46Plug, C., 95, 106, 109, 112, 114,
117, 121Podro, M., 169Polidoro, M., 75Posidonius, 113, 115Prinz, J. J., 188, 206, 210, 212, 220,
221, 222
9780230_347908_18_nind.indd 285 4/18/2012 12:12:35 PM
286 Name Index
Prinzmetal, W., 45Pylyshyn, Z., 138, 139, 245–247, 248,
254, 255
Ramachandran, V. S., 47, 201Ramsey, F., 238–239Reed, E., 109Reid, I., 248Reynolds, R. I., 82Ricoeur, P., 84Roberts, R. C., 206, 221Robinson, H., 2–3, 210, 220Rock, I., 45, 71, 72, 117Rogers, J. C., 250Rorty, A. O., 221Ross, H. E., 10, 95, 106, 107, 109, 110,
112, 114, 117, 121Ruskin, J., 161
Sander, D., 253, 258Savardi, U., 6–7, 10, 54, 83, 222Scheler, M., 220Schellenberg, S., 189Schier, F., 165, 188Schmechel, T. T. N., 119Schönbeck, G. L. J., 110Schwartz, R., 5–6, 27, 35, 38, 43,
88, 106Schweinberger, S., 248, 251, 252Searle, J. R., 187Seneca, L. A., 113Sergent, J., 250Shapiro, R. M., 250Shimamura, A. P., 45Shraberg, D., 250Signer, S. F., 250Signoret, J. L., 250Silva, J. A., 248Smith, R., 115, 116Snowdon, P. F., 20Solomon, R., 206Sorensen, R., 190, 201Sperber, D., 237, 251Spillman, L., 47Spinicci, P., 7, 14–15, 147, 160, 187Stampe, D. W., 220Stanovich, K. E., 241Stein, B. E., 72
Stocker, M., 206Stoffregen, T. A., 44, 60Stoichita, V., 160Stone, M., 248Stormark, K. M., 216, 222Strauss, D. T., 250Stroll, A., 241Suzuki, K., 120Szulecka, K., 255
Tanzer, M., 54Tappolet, C., 18–19, 206, 220,
221, 222Thinès, G., 11, 124Thompson, E., 140Thouless, R. C., 89–91, 93Timbergen, N., 49Tooby, J., 218Tranel, D., 239, 241, 251Trehub, A., 121Troost, J. M., 95Tucker, D. M., 215, 222Turvey, M., 60Twardowski, K., 190Tye, M., 20, 141, 220, 221
van der Vaart, J., 16, 76, 147Victor, J., 71, 72von Ehrenfels, C., 166, 172Vuilleumier, P., 222
Walton, K. L., 13, 145, 148, 165, 187, 188
Wedgwood, R., 206Weinstein, E. A., 250Weitzel, W. D., 250Wells, A., 221, 222West, R. F., 241Wiggins, D., 220, 243, 244Williams, J. A., 113Wiseman, R., 75Wittgenstein, L., 188, 191, 224–227Wolfe, G., 255Wollheim, R., 13, 145, 148, 165, 168,
188, 191Wright, S., 255
Young, A. W., 248, 250, 251
9780230_347908_18_nind.indd 286 4/18/2012 12:12:35 PM