References - Shodhganga : a reservoir of Indian theses @ …shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/.../72580/16/16_references.pdf · · 2016-02-09References 175 Abbott, E.M. (2007). Sustainable

References

175

Abbott, E.M. (2007). Sustainable worm control strategies for sheep, technical

manual for veterinary surgeons and advisers. Second edition.

Abbott, E.M., Parkins, J.J. and Holmes, P.H. (1984). Studies on the

pathophysiology of chronic ovine haemonchosis in Merino and Scottish

blackface lambs. Parasitol. 89: 585-589.

Abdel, A.T.S. (1992). Haematological and biochemical studies on the efficiency

of synthetic drugs against gastrointestinal nematode parasites in sheep.

Aus. Vet. J. Med. 42: 197-203.

Abdelrahim, S.I., Almagboul, A.Z., Omer, M.E. and Elegami, A. (2002).

Antimicrobial activity of Psidium guajava L. Fitoterap. 73(7-8): 713-5.

Abebe, W. and Esayas, G. (2001). Survey of ovine and caprine gastrointestinal

helminthosis in eastern part of Ethiopia during the dry season of the

year. Med. Vet. 152: 379-384.

Abrahams-Sandi, E., Geiger, S.M., Ferandez-Quesada, K. and Schulz-Key,

H. (2005). Specific antibody production against different life cycle stages

during an experimental Angiostrongylu scostaricensis infection in mice.

Rev. Biomed. 16: 239-246.

Acharya, R.M. (1982). Sheep and goat breeds of India. Animal Production and

Health. FAO, Rome.

Adama, K., Gaston, B.A.M., Hamidou, H.T., Amadou, T. and Laya, S.

(2009). In vitro anthelmintic effect of two medicinal plants (Anogeissus

leiocarpus and Daniellia oliveri) on Haemonchus contortus, an abomosal

nematode of sheep in Burkina Faso. Afr. J. Biotec. 8(18): 4690-4695.

Adebajo, A.C. and Reisch, J. (2000). Minor furocoumarins of Murraya

koenigii. Fitoterap. 71: 334-337.

Ademola, I.O., Fagbnemi, B.O. and Idowu, S.O. (2004). Evaluation of the

anthelmintic activity of Khaya senegalensis extract against

gastrointestinal nematodes of sheep: in vitro and in vivo studies. Vet.

Parasitol. 122: 151-164.

Ademola, I.O., Fagbnemi, B.O. and Idowu, S.O. (2005). Anthelmintic activity

of extracts of Spondias mombin against gastrointestinal nematodes of

sheep: studies in vitro and in vivo. Trop. Anim. Heal. Prod. 37: 223-235.

Agyei, A.D. (1997). Seasonal changes in the level of infective Strongylate

nematode larvae on pasture in the coastal savanna regions of Ghana.

Vet. Parasitol. 70(1-3): 175-182.

Agyei, M.S. (1997). Fertility change in time and space perspective: lessons

from three Ghanaian settlements. Ph.D. thesis. Trondheim: Norwegian

University of Science and Technology.

References

176

Ahmad, E.A. and Elmalik, K.H. (1997). Prevalence of nematode parasitism in

desert sheep brought to Khartoum state. Sud. J. Vet. Sci. Anim. Hus. 36:

44-49.

Ahmad, M. and Ansari, J.A. (1987). Prevalence of gastrointestinal nematodes

of sheep and goats in Aligarh. Ind. J. Vet. Med. 11(3): 165-170.

Ahmad, M. and Ansari, J.A. (1989). Effect of haemonchosis on haematology

and non-specific phosphomonoesterase activities in sheep and goats.

Helminthol. 26(4): 295-302.

Ahmed, O.F., Mustafa, S.A. and Omer, B.H. (2007). Pathogenesis of

Haemonchus contortus in naturally and experimentally infected Sudanese

desert Sheep. Glob. Vet. 5: 84-87.

Akhtar, M.S., Iqbal, Z. and Khan, M.N. (1999). Evaluation of anthelmintic

activity of Chenopodium album (Bathu) against nematodes in sheep. Int.

J. Agric. Biol. 1(3): 120-124.

Akhtar, M.S., Iqbal, Z., Khan, M.N. and Lateef, M. (2000). Anthelmintic

activity of medicinal plants with particular reference to their use in

animals in the Indo-Pakistan subcontinent. Sm. Rum. Res. 38: 99-107.

Alani, A.J. and Yahya, H.Q. (1991). A study of the epidemiology of intestinal

helminths in sheep in Ninewah (Iraq). J. Vet. Parasitol. 5: 66-68.

Alawa, C.B.I., Adamu, A.M., Gefu, J.O., Ajanusi, O.J., Abdu, P.A., Chiezey,

N.P., Alawa, J.N. and Bowman, D.D. (2003). In vitro screening of two

Nigerian medicinal plants (Vernonia amygdalina and Annona

senegalensis) for anthelmintic activity. Vet. Parasitol. 113: 73-81.

Al-Kennany, E.R., Al-Hamoo, R.N. and Al-Alaaf, E.S. (2009). Pathological

study on sheep infected with Schistosoma bovis. Al. J. Vet. Sci. 2(2): 82-

87.

Allonby, E.W. (1974). Studies on Haemonchus contortus infections in Merino

sheep. Ph.D. Thesis. University of Glasgow.

Al-Qarawi, A.A., Mahmoud, O.M., Sobaih, M.A., Haroun, E.M. and Adam,

S.E.I. (2001). A preliminary study on the anthelmintic activity of

Calotropis procera Latex against Haemonchus contortus infection in Najdi

sheep. Vet. Res. Com. 25: 61-70.

Al-Shaibani, I.R.M., Phulan, M.S. and Shiekh, M. (2009). Anthelmintic

activity of Fumaria parviflora (Fumariaceae) against gastrointestinal

nematodes of sheep. Int. J. Agric. Biol. 11: 431-436.

Al-Shaibani, I.R.M., Phulan, M.S., Arijo, A. and Qureshi, T.A. (2008).

Contamination of infective larvae of gastrointestinal nematodes of sheep

on communal pasture. Int. J. Agric. Biol. 10: 653–657.

References

177

Altaif, K.I. and Dargie, J.D. (1978). Genetic resistance to helminthes. The

influence of breed and haemoglobin type on the response of sheep to

primary infection with Haemonchus contortus. Parasitol. 77: 161-175.

Alvarez-Sanchez, M.A., Mainar-Jaime, R.C., Perez-Garcia, J. and Rojo-

Vazquez, F.A. (2006). Resistance of Fasciola hepatica to triclabendazole

and albendazole in sheep in Spain. Vet. Rec. 159: 424-425.

Alwar, V.S. (1949). Amphistomiasis- a reveiw of the literature. Ind. Vet. J. 25:

417-424.

Al-Zubaidy, A.J., Altaif, K.I., Al-Qaisy, H.H.K. and Makkawi, T.A. (1987).

Gross pathology and histopathology of haemonchosis in sheep and goats

in Iraq. Vet. Parasitol. 23: 286-288.

Amarante, A.F., Craig, T.M., Ramsey, W.S., E1-Sayed, N.M., Desouki, A.Y.

and Bazer, F.W. (1999). Comparison of naturally acquired parasite

burdens in Florida native, Rambouillet and crossbreed ewes. Vet.

Parasitol. 85(1): 61-69.

Angulo-Cubillan, F.J., Garcia-Coiradas, L., Cuquerella, M., de la Fuente, C.

and Alunda, J.M. (2007). Haemonchus contortus–sheep relationship: a

review. Relacion Haemonchus contortus-ovino: una revision. Rev. Cient.

17: 577-587.

Ankers, P., Itty, P., Zinsstag, J., Trawally, S. and Pfister, K. (1998).

Biannual anthelmintic treatments in village Djallonke sheep in the

Gambia: effects on productivity and profitability. Prev. Vet. Med. 34: 215-

225.

Anon (1971). Manual of Veterinary Parasitological Laboratory Techniques,

Technical Bulletin No. 18, Her Majesty’s Stationery Office, Ministry of

Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, London. U. K.

Anon (2004). Annual progress report (2003-2004) on all India network

programme on gastrointestinal parasitism. ICAR. New Delhi.

Ansari, M.Z. and Singh, K.S. (1981). On the incidence of Gaigeria pachyscelis

in sheep and goats. Ind. J. Anim. Sci. 51(4): 459-465.

Arora, N., Kumar, A. and Sharma, S.D. (2003). Effect of burset worm infection

on blood profile in goats and sheep. Ind. Vet. J. 80: 1116-1119.

Arosemena, N.A.E., Bevilaqua, C.M.L., Melo, A.C.F.L. and Girao, M.D.

(1999). Seasonal variations of gastrointestinal nematodes in sheep and

goats from semi-arid area in Brazil. Rev. Med. Vet. 150(11): 873-876.

Artho, R., Schnyder, M., Kohler, L., Torgerson, P.R. and Hertzberg, H.

(2007). Avermectin-resistance in gastrointestinal nematodes of Boer

goats and Dorper sheep in Switzerland. Vet. Parasitol. 144: 68-73.

References

178

Assis, L.M., Bevilqua, C.M.L., Morais, S.M., Vieira, L.S., Costa, C.T.C. and

Souza, J.A.L. (2003). Ovicidal and larvicidal activity in vitro of Spigelia

anthelmia Linn. extracts on Haemonchus contortus. Vet. Parasitol. 117:

43-49.

Asuzu, I.U. and Njoku, C.J. (1996). The anthelmintic effect of Alstonia boonei

bark and Nauclealat falia leaf aqueous extracts on Trichostrongylus

infective larvae. Fitoterap. 67: 220–222.

Athanasiadou, S., Kyriazakis, I., Jackson, F. and Coop, R.L. (2000a).

Consequences of long-term feeding with condensed tannin on sheep

parasitized with Trichostrongylus colubriformis. Int. J. Parasitol. 3:

1025-1033.

Athanasiadou, S., Kyriazakis, I., Jackson, F. and Coop, R.L. (2000b).

Effect of short-term exposure to condensed tannins on adult

Trichostrongylus colubriformis. Vet. Rec. 146: 728-732.

Athanasiadou, S., Kyriazakis, I., Jackson, F. and Coop, R.L. (2001). Direct

anthelmintic effects of condensed tannins towards different

gastrointestinal nematodes of sheep: in vitro and in vivo studies. Vet.

Parasitol. 99: 205-219.

Athanasiadou, S., Tzamaioukas, O., Kyriazakis, L., Jackson, F. and Coop,

R.L. (2005). Testing for direct anthelmintic effects of bioactive forages

against Trichostrongylus colubriformis in grazing sheep. Vet.

Parasitol. 127: 233-243.

Aydenizoz, M. and Yildiz, C. (2003). Prevalence of Anoplocephafidae species

in sheep and cattle slaughtered in Kirikkale, Turkey. Med. Vet. 154(12):

767-771.

Aziz, K.J. (2007). Prevalence and pathological study of Schistosomiasis in

sheep in Akra province/Dohuk, M.Sc. dissertation. Dohuk University.

Bachaya, H.A., Iqbal, Z., Khan, M.N., Jabbar, A., Gilani, A.H. and Din, I.U.

(2009). In vitro and in vivo anthelmintic activity of Terminalia arjuna

bark. Int. J. Agric. Biol. 11: 273–278.

Badrie, F. and Kamenov, I. (1982). Changes in serum proteins and their

functions in lambs with experimental Oesophagostomum venulosum

infection. Vet. Med. Nauk. 19(10): 52-59.

Badrie, F., Kamenov, I. and Vasiley, I. (1985). Pathogenic role of

Oesophagostomum venulosum in lamb. Vet. Med. Nauk. 22(6): 34-40.

Bahrami, A.M., Hosseini, E. and Razmjo, M. (2012). Study

pathophysiological of sheep glands infected with helminthes. Eur. J. Exp.

Biol. 2(6): 2471-2480.

References

179

Balic, A., Bowles, V.M. and Meeusen, E.N. (2000). The immunology of

gastrointestinal nematodes in ruminants. Adv. Parasitol. 45: 181-241.

Balic, A., Bowles, V.M. and Meeusen, E.N. (2002). Mechanism of immunity to

Haemonchus contortus infection to sheep. Parasitol. Immunol. 24(1): 39-

46.

Bandh, S.A., Lone, B.A., Chishti, M.Z., Kamili, A.N., Ganai, B.A. and

Saleem, S. (2011). Evaluation of anthelmintic and antimicrobial

activity of the methanolic extracts of Nepeta cataria. Ne. Sci. J. 4(8):

129-135.

Barger, I.A. (1993). Influence of sex and reproductive status on the

susceptibility of ruminants to nematode parasitism. Int. J. Parasitol. 23:

463-469.

Barger, I.A. (1999). The role of epidemiological knowledge and grazing

management for helminth control in small ruminants. Int. J. Parasitol.

29: 41-47.

Barger, I.A. and Cox, H.W. (1984). Wool production of sheep chronically

infected with Haemonchus contortus. Vet. Parasitol. 15: 169-175.

Barker, I.K. (1973). A study of the pathogensis of Trichostrongylus

colubriformis infection in lambs with observation on the contribution of

gastrointestinal plasma loss. Int. J. Parasitol. 3: 743-757.

Bartley, D., Jackson, E., Jackson, K., Coop, R.L., Mitchell, B.B., Sales, J.

and Jackson, F. (2003). A survey of anthelmintic resistant nematode

parasites in Scottish sheep flocks. Vet. Parasitol. 117: 61-71.

Barus, S., Amin, A., Blazek, K. and Moravec, F. (1976). Nematodes

parasitizing domestic ruminants in Afghanistan. Fol. Parasitol. 23(3):

207-216.

Bashtar, A.R., Hassanein, M., Abdel-Ghaffar, F., Al-Rasheid, K., Hassan, S.,

Mehlhorn, H., AL-Mahdi, M., Morsy, K. and Al-Ghamdi, A. (2010).

Studies on monieziasis of sheep I. Prevalence and anthelmintics effects of

some plant extracts, a light and electron microscopic study. Parasitol.

Res. 108(1): 177-186.

Bell, T.A. and Lightnar, D.V. (1988): A Hand Book of Normal Penaeid Shirmp

Histology. The World Aquaculture Society, Baton Rouge, Lousina, U.S.A.

144 pp

Benders, A.A.G.M., Li, J., Lock, R.A.C., Bindels, R.J.M., Wendelaar, A.C.

and Veerkamp, J.H. (1994). The involvement of Na+/ K+_ ATPase and

Na+/Ca2+ exchanger. Pflueg. Arch. Eur. J. Phsiol. 428: 461-467.

References

180

Bergmeyer, H.U. and Brent, E. (1974). Methods of enzymatic analysis, (Ed:

Bergmeyer HU), verlag chemie weinhein. Academic Press. NewYork. 2:

735-760.

Beriajaya, P. and Copeman, D.B. (1997). An estimate of seasonality and

intensity of infection with gastrointestinal nematodes in sheep and goats

in West Java. J. Il. Ter. Vet. 2(4): 270-276.

Beriajaya, P., Murdiati, T.B. and Herawaty, M. (1998). Anthelmintic effect of

Zingiber purpureum infusion and extract on adult worms of Haemonchus

contortus in vitro. J. Il. Ter. Vet. 3: 277-282.

Biu, A.A. and Eteng, F.O. (2001). Some parasites causing diarrhoea amongst

kid goats in Maiduguri, Nigeria. In: Proc. Six. An. Con. Anim. Sci. Assoc.

Nig. 232-233.

Biu, A.A., Maimunatu, A., Salamatu, A.F. and Agbadu, E.T. (2009). A faecal

survey of gastrointestinal parasites of ruminants on the University of

Maiduguri research farm. Int. J. Biomed. Heal. Sci. 5(4): 175-179.

Bizimenyera, E.S., Githiori, J.B., Eloff, J.N. and Swan, G.E. (2006). In-vitro

activity of Peltophourum africanum Sond. (Fabaceae) extracts on the egg

hatching and larval development of the parasitic nematode

Trichostrongylus colubrifrmis. Vet. Parasitol. 142(3-4): 336-343.

Bizimenyera, E.S., Meyer, S., Naidoo, V., Eloff, J.N. and Swan, G.E. (2008).

Efficacy of Pekophorum africanum Sond. (Fabaceae) extracts on

Haemonchus contortus and Trichostrongylus colubriformis in sheep. J.

Anim. Vet. Adv. 7(4): 364-371.

Blood, D.C. and Radostits, O.M. (1989). Veterinary medicine. Balliere Tindall:

London.

Blood, D.C. and Radostits, O.M. (1992). Medicina Veterinarian Editorial.

Interamericana Mc Graw Hill, NewYork. 1137-1141.

Blood, D.C., Radostits, O.M. and Henderson, J.A. (1983). Veterinary

Medicine. Sixth edition. ELBS Bailliere and Tindall, U.K. 906-907.

Boersema, J.H. (1983). Possibilities and limitations in the detection of

anthelmintic resistance. In: facts and reflections IV' resistance of

parasites to anthelmintics. A workshop held at the Central Veterinary

Laboratory. 207-218.

Borgsteede, F.H.M., Dercksen, D.D. and Huijbers, R. (2007). Doramectin and

albendazole resistance in sheep in the Netherlands. Vet. Parasitol. 144:

180-183.

Bradley, R.E., Radhakrishnan, C.V., Patil-Kulkarni, V.G. and Loggins, P.E.

(1973). Responses in Florida native and Rambouilliet lambs exposed to

one and two oral doses of Haemonchus contortus. J. Fla. Agric. Exp. Stn.

Ser. 4496: 729-735.

References

181

Brelin, D. (2002). Evaluation of the neem tree (Azadirachta indica) as an

alternative anthelmintic for helminth control in small ruminants in

Malaysia. Minor field studies. Swedish University of Agricultural

Sciences. 196: 31.

Buddle, R.E., Jowett, G., Green, R.S., Douche, P.G.C. and Risdon, P.L.

(1992). Association of blood eosinophils with the expression of resistance

in Rommy lambs to nematodes. Int. J. Parasitol. 22: 955-960.

Buttle, D.J., Behnke, J.M., Bartley, Y., Elsheikha, H.M., Bartley, D.J. and

Garnett, M.C. (2011). Oral dosing with papaya latex is an effective

anthelmintic treatment for sheep infected with Haemonchus contortus.

Parasit. Vec. 4: 36

Cabaret, J. (1983). The nematode parasites of large intestine of sheep in the

middle Atlas (Morocco). Fol. Parasitol. 30(2): 117-121.

Cabaret, J. and Berrag, B. (2004). Faecal egg count reduction test for

assessing anthelmintic efficacy: average versus individually based

estimations. Vet. Parasitol. 121: 105-113.

Chandrawathani, P., Chang, K.W., Nurulaini, R., Waller, P.J., Adnan, M.,

Zaini, C.M., Jamnah, O., Khadijah, S. and Vincent, N. (2006). Daily

feeding of fresh neem leaves (Azadirachta indica) for worm control in

sheep. Trop. Biomed. 23(1): 23-30.

Chandrawathani, P., Nurulaini, R., Adnan, M., Premalaatha, B., Khadijah,

S., Jamnah, O., Zaini, C.M., Khor, S.K. and Zawida, Z. (2009). A

survey of parasitic infection on small ruminant farms in Kinta and Hilir

Perak districts, Perak, Malaysia. Trop. Biomed. 26(1): 11-15.

Charleston, W.A.G. (1965). Pathogenesis of experimental haemonchosis in

sheep with special reference to the development of resistance. J. Comp.

Pathol. 75: 55-67.

Chaudhri, S.S. (2004). Epidemiology of parasitic diseases in small ruminants.

Fift. An. Con. Ind. Asso. Adv. Vet. Parasitol. and Nat. Symp. Appl. Mol.

Biol. Parasit. Dis. Rur. Dev. 6. pp

Chaudhri, S.S., Gupta, R.P. and Singh, J. (1992). A note on outbreak of

fasciolosis in sheep of eastern Haryana state. Har. Vet. 21: 48-150.

Cheah, T.S. and Rajamanickam, C. (1997). Epidemiology of gastrointestinal

nematodes of sheep in west tropical condition in Malaysia. Trop. Anim.

Heal. Prod. 29(3): 165-173.

Chitwood, D.J. (2002). Phytochemical based strategies for nematode control.

An. Rev. Phytopathol. 40: 221-249.

References

182

Cleaveland, S., Hess, G.R., Dobson, A.P., Laurenson, K.M., McCallum, H.I.,

Roberts, M.G. and Woodroffe, R. (2002). The Ecology of Wildlife

Diseases. Oxford University Press. Oxford. 139-153.

Colditz, I.G., Watson, D.L., Gray, G.D. and Eady, S.J. (1996). Some

relationship between age, immune responsiveness and resistance to

parasites in ruminants. Int. J. Parasitol. 26: 869-877.

Coles, E.H. (1986). Veterinary Clinical Pathology. Fourth edition. London.

Coles, G.C., Buer, C., Borgsteede, F.H.M., Gerts, S., Klei, T.R., Taylor, M.A.

and Waller, P.J. (1992). World association for the advancement of

veterinary parasitology (WAAP). Methods for detection of antihelmintic

resistance in nematodes of veterinary importance. Vet. Parasitol. 44: 35-

44.

Coles, G.C., Jackson, F., Pomroy, W.E., Prichard, R.K., Von Samson-

Himmelstjerna, G., Silvestre, A., Taylor, M.A. and Vercruysse, J.

(2006). The detection of anthelmintic resistance in nematodes of

veterinary importance. Vet. Parasitol. 136(3-4): 167-185.

Colwell, D.D., Goater, C.P. and Jacobson, K.M. (2002). Prevalence and

intensity of gastrointestinal nematodes in slaughter lambs from central

Alberta. Can. Vet. J. 43(10): 775-777.

Coop, R.L. and Kyriazakis, I. (2001). Influence of host nutrition on the

development and consequences of nematode parasitism in ruminants.

Trend. Parasitol. 17(7): 325-330.

Costa, C.A.F., Vieita-L da, S. and Pank, K.P. (1986). Erythrocytes and

eosinophil count in sheared lambs before and after anthelmintic

treatment. Pes. Agro. Bras. 21(2): 193-201.

Costa, C.T.C., Bevilaqua, C.M.L., Maciel, M.V., Camurca-Vasconcelos,

A.L.F., Morais, S.M., Monteiro, M.V.B., Farias, V.M., da Silva, M.V.

and Souza, M.M.C. (2006). Anthelmintic activity of Azadirachta indica A.

Juss against sheep gastrointestinal nematodes. Vet. Parasitol. 137: 306-

310.

Costa, C.T.C., Morais, S.M., Bevilaqua, C.M.L., Souza, M.M.C. and Leite,

F.K.A. (2002). Ovicidal effect of Mangifera indica L. seeds on

Haemonchus contortus. Rev. Bra. Parasitol. Vet. 11: 57-60.

Courteny, C.H., Parker, C.F., McClure, K.E. and Herd, R.P. (1985).

Resistance of exotic and domestic lambs to experimental infection with

Haemonchus contortus. Rev. Bra. Parasitol. Vet. 11: 57-60.

Craig, B.H., Pilkington, J.G. and Pemberton, J.M. (2006). Gastrointestinal

nematode species burdens and host mortality in a feral sheep population.

Parasitol. 133: 485-496.

References

183

Curtis, S.K. (1977). Seizures associated with anaemia due to parasitism. Vet.

Med. Sm. Anim. Sci. 72(5): 907-908.

Czichos, J., Nonnengaeser, C. and Overath, P. (1986). Trypanosoma brucei:

cisaconitate and temperature reduction as triggers of synchronous

transformation of blood stream to procyclic trypomastigotes in vitro. Exp.

Parasitol. 62: 283-291.

Dargie, J.D. (1975). Application of radioisotope techniques to the study of red

cell and plasma protein metabolism in helminth diseases of sheep. Symp.

Br. Soc. Parasit. 13: 1-26.

Dargie, J.D. and Allonby, E.W. (1975). Pathophysiology of single and

challenge infections of Haemonchus contortus in merino sheep: studies on

red cell

kinetics and ‘‘self cure’’ phenomenon. Int. J. Parasitol. 5: 147-157.

Dash, K.M., Hall, E. and Barger, I.A. (1988). The role of arithmetic and

geometric mean worm egg counts in faecal egg count reduction tests and

in monitoring strategic drenching programs in sheep. Aus. Vet. J. 65: 66-

68.

Dawkins, H.J.S., Windon, R.G. and Eagleson, G.K. (1989). Eosinophil

responses in sheep selected for high and low responsiveness to

Trichostrongylus colubriformis. Int. J. Parasitol. 19: 199-205.

Debela, A. (2002). Manual for phytochemical screening of medicinal plants.

Ethiopian health and nutrition research institute, Addis Ababa. Ethiopia.

35-47.

Dewanjee, S., Kundu, M., Maiti, A., Majumdar, R., Majumdar, A. and

Mandal, S.C. (2007). In vitro evaluation of antimicrobial activity of crude

extract from plants Diospyros peregrina, Coccinia grandis and Swietenia

macrophylla . Trop. J. Pharm. Res. 6: 773-778.

Dhanalakshmi, H., Jagannath, M.S., D’Souza, P.E. and Placid, E. (2002).

Haematological and gamma globulin changes in sheep naturally infected

with strongyles. Ind. J. Anim. Sci. 72(12): 1094-1095.

Dhanalakshmi, H., Jagannath, M.S. and D'Souza, P.E. (2001). Gastrointesti-

nal parasitic infections in sheep at different forms of Karnataka. J. Vet.

Parasitol. 15: 133-135.

Dhand, N.K., Singh, J., Aradhana and Sandhu, K.S. (2004). Fascioliasis in

sheep and goats: an outbreak and treatment. J. Vet. Parasitol. 18(1): 77-

78.

Dhar, D.N., Sharma, R.L. and Bansal, G.C. (1982). Gastrointestinal

nematodes in sheep in Kashmir. Vet. Parasitol. 10(1): 91-95.

References

184

Diaw, D.T., Seye, M. and Sarr, Y. (1998). Epidemiology of trematodiases in

livestock in the Kolda region, Casamance. Rev. Elev. Med .Pays. Vet.

Trop. 41: 257-264.

Diehl, M.S., Atindehou, K.K., Tere, H. and Betschart, B. (2004). Prospect for

anthelmintic plants in the Ivory Coast using ethno botanical criteria. J.

Ethnopharma. 95: 227-284.

Dobriyal, R.M. and Narayana, D.B.A. (1998). Ayurvedic herbal raw material.

Th. East. Pharma. 31-35.

Dogiel, V.A. (1964). General Parasitology. Edinburgh, Oliver and Boyd.

Doligalaska, M., Moskwa, B. and Niznikowski, R. (1997). The repeatability of

faecal egg count in polish Wrzosowka sheep. Vet. Parasitol. 70(4): 241-

246.

Dorny, P., Symones, C., Jalila, A., Vercruysse, J. and Sani, R. (1995).

Strongyle infections in sheep and goats under the traditional husbandry

system in Peninsular Malaysia. Vet. Parasitol. 56: 121-136.

Dorny, P., Batubara, A., Iskandar, M. and Pandey, V.S. (1996). Helminth

infections of sheep in north Sumatra, Indonesia. Vet. Parasitol. 61: 353-

358.

Douch, P.G.C., Green, R.S., Morris, C.A., McEewan, L.C. and Windon, R.G.

(1996). Phenotypic markers for selection of nematode-resistance sheep.

Int. J. Parasitol. 26: 899-911.

Dow, C., Ross, J.G. and Todd, J.R. (1967). The pathology of experimental

fascioliasis in calves. J. Comp. Path.77(4): 377-386.

Dubinsky, P., Vasilkova, Z., Hurnikova, Z., Miterpakova, M., Slamecka, J.

And Jurcik, R. (2010). Parasitic infections of the European brown hair

(Lepus europaeus Pallas, 1778) in south-western Slovakia. Helminthol.

47: 219-225.

Dumas, B.T., Arends, R.L. and Pinto, P.V.C. (1971). Standard Methods of

Clinical Chemistry. 7: 175-189.

Dunn, A.M. (1978). Veterinary Helminthology. Second edition. London: William

Heinemann Medical Books.

Dwivedi, P., Prasad, A. and Varma, T.K. (1997). Pathology of induced

immature paraphistomiasis in lambs and kids. Ind. J. Vet. Pathol. 21(2):

162-163.

Eguale, T., Tilahun, G., Debella, A., Feleke, A. and Makonnen, E. (2007a).

Haemonchus contortus: in vitro and in vivo anthelmintic activity of

aqueous and hydro-alcoholic extracts of Hedera helix. Exp. Parasitol.

116: 340-345.

References

185

Eguale, T., Tilahun, G., Debella, A., Feleke, A. and Makonnen, E. (2007b).

In vitro and in vivo anthelmintic activity of crude extracts of Cariandrum

sativum against Haemonchus contortus. J. Ethnopharma. 110: 428-433.

Elango, G. and Rahuman, A.A. (2011). Evaluation of medicinal plant extracts

against ticks and fluke. Parasitol. Res. 108: 513-519.

El-Azazy, O.M. (1995). Seasonal changes and inhibited development of the

abomasal nematode of sheep and goats in Saudi Arabia. Vet. Parasitol.

58(1-2): 91-98.

Elizabeth, J.K. and Specht, (1982). Seasonal incidence of helminthes in

sheep and goats in south Mozambique. Vet. Parasitol. 11: 317-328.

Eslami, A. (1997). Veterinary Helminthology: Nematoda and Acanyhocephala,

Volume III. Tehran University Publication, Tehran, Iran (In Farsi).

Eslami, A. (2006). Veterinary Helminthology, Volume III. Tehran University

Publication. 307-416.

Eysker, M. (1980). Significance of inhibited development in the epidemiology of

Charbertia ovina and Oesophagostomum venulosum infections in sheep.

Vet. Parasitol. 6: 369-379.

Fakae, B.B. (1990). Seasonal changes and hypobiosis in Haemonchus

contortus infection in the west African Dwarf sheep and goats in the

Nigerian derived Savanna. Vet. Parasitol. 36: 123-130.

Felix, H., Dieter, A.H., Veronika, M., Markus, S. and Hubertus, H. (2007).

Individual administration of three tanniferous forage plants to lambs

artificially infected with Haemonchus contortus and Cooperia curticei. Vet.

Parasitol. 146: 123-134.

Ferre, I., Lopez, P., Gonzalo-Orden, M., Julian, M.D. and Rojovazquez, F.A.

(1995). The effects of subclinical fasciolosis on hepatic secretory function

in sheep. Parasitol. Res. 81:127-131.

Ferreira, L.E., Castro, P.M.N., Chagas, A.C.S., França, S.C. and Beleboni,

R.O. (2013). In vitro anthelmintic activity of aqueous leaf extract of

Annona muricata L. (Annonaceae) against Haemonchus contortus from

sheep. Exp. Parasitol. 134: 327-332.

Fritsche, T., Kaufmann, J. and Pfister, K. (1993). Parasite spectrum and

seasonal epidemiology of gastrointestinal nematodes of small ruminants

in the Gambia. Vet. Parasitol. 49(2-4): 271-283.

Gadahi, J.A., Arshad, M.J., Ali, Q., Javaid, S.B. and Shah, S.I. (2009).

Prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites of sheep and goats in and around

Rawalpindi, Islamabad. Vet. Wor. 2: 51-53.

References

186

Galvani, A.P. (2003). Epidemiology meets evolutionary ecology. Trends. Ecol.

Evol. 18: 132-139.

Garcia, B.A., Soto, A.V.A., Carrion, M., Boza, T.P. and Constela, L. (1994).

Parasitic infection and haematobiochemical indicators in Creole breeding

ewes. Rev. Prod. Anim. 8(2): 175-178.

Garg, L.C. and Atal, C.K. (1963). Anthelmintic activity of Calotropin and

Bromelain. Ind. J. Pharmacol. 25: 422.

Garg, R., Yadav, C.L., Kumar, R.R., Banerjee, P.S., Vatsya, S. and Godara,

R. (2009). The epidemiology of fasciolosis in ruminants in different geo-

climatic regions of north India. Trop. Anim. Heal. Prod. 41: 1695-1700.

Garg, S.C. and Siddiqui, N. (1992). Anthelmintic activity of Vernonia teres L.

and Clerodendrum phlomidis. J. Res. Edu. Ind. Med. 11: 1-3.

Gassbarre, L.C. and Miller, J.E. (2000). Genetics of helminth resistance. Bree-

ding for disease resistance in farm animals. Cab International. 129-144.

Gasser, R.B., Bott, N.J., Chilton, N.B., Hunt, P. and Beveridge, I. (2008).

Toward practical, DNA-based diagnostic methods for parasitic nematodes

of livestock-bionomic and biotechnological implications. Biotechnol. Adv.

26: 325-334.

Gathuma, J.M., Mbaria, J.M., Wanyama, J., Kaburia, H.F.A., Mpoke, L. and

Mwangi, J.N. (2004). Efficacy of Myrisine africana, Albizia

anthelmintica and Hilctebrandtia sepalosa herbal remedies against

natural sheep helminthosis in Samburu district, Kenya. J. Ethnopharma.

91: 7-12.

Gatongi, P.M., Prichard, R.K., Ranjan, S., Gathuma, J.M., Munyua, W.K.,

Cheruiyot, H. and Scott, M.E. (1998). Hypobiosis of Haemonchus

contortus in natural infections of sheep and goats in a semi-arid area of

Kenya. Vet. Parasitol. 77: 49-61.

Gauly, M., Schackert, M., Hoffmann, B. and Erhardt, G. (2006). Influence of

sex on the resistance of sheep lambs to an experimental Haemonchus

contortus infection. Dts. Tier. Woch. 113(5): 178-181.

Geary, T.G., Sims, S.M., Thomas, E.M., Vanover, L., Davis, J.P.,

Winterrowd, C.A., Klein, R.D., Ho, N.F.H. and Thompson, D.P. (1993).

Haemonchus contortus: ivermectin–induced paralysis of the pharynx.

Exp. Parasitol. 77: 88-96.

Ghanem, Y.M., Naser, M.H., Abdelkader, A.H. and Heybe, A. (2009). An

epidemio-coprological study of protozoan and nematode parasites of

ruminants in tropical semi-arid district of Somaliland (northern of

Somalia). Vet. Med. J. Sci. Con. 760-787.

References

187

Ghosh, A.K., Nandi, S.S. and Ghosh, G.L. (1982). Neoplastic growth in

Gigantocotyle explanatam infected bile duct of water buffaloes (Bubalus

bubalis). Ind. J. Anim. Heal. 21(1): 51-52.

Ghulam, R., Zafar, I., Khan, N.M. and Hayat, B. (1995). Haematological

disturbances associated with haemonchosis in sheep. Pak. Vet. J. 15:

159-162.

Gicik, Y., Arslan, M.O., Kara, M. and Kose, M. (2003). The prevalence of

paramphistomiasis in sheep slaughtered in the Kars province, Turkey.

Tur. Parazit. Dergi. 27: 260-261.

Githiori, J.B. (2004). Evaluation of anthelmintic properties of used as

livestock dewormers by pastooralists and smallholder farmers in Kenya.

Swed. Univ. Agric. Sci. 173: 72 pp

Githiori, J.B., Athanasiadou, S. And Thamsborg, S.M. (2006). Use of plants

in novel approaches in control of gastrointestinal helminthes in live

stock with emphasis on small ruminants. Vet. Parasitol. 139: 308-320.

Githiori, J.B., Hoglund, J., Waller, P.J. and Baker, R.L. (2002). Anthelmintic

activity of preparations derived from Myrsine africana and Rapanea

melanophloeos against the nematode parasite, Haemonchus contortus, of

sheep. J. Ethnopharma. 80: 187-191.

Githiori, J.B., Hoglund, J., Waller, P.J. and Baker, R.L. (2003). The

anthelmintic efficacy of the plant, Albizia anthelmintica, against the

nematode parasites Haemonchus contortus of sheep and Heligmosomoides

pofygyrus of mice. Vet. Parasitol. 116: 23-34.

Githiori, J.B., Hoglund, J., Waller, P.J. and Baker, R.L. (2004). Evaluation

of anthelmintic properties of some plants used as livestock dewormers

against Haemonchus contortus infections in sheep. Parasitol. 129: 245-

253.

Gonzalo-Orden, M., Millan, L., Alvarez, M., Sanchez-Campos, S., Jimenez,

R., Gonzalez-Gallego, J. and Tunun, M.J. (2003). Diagnostic imaging in

sheep hepatic fascioliasis: ultrasound, computer tomography and

magnetic resonance findings. Parasitol. Res. 90: 359-364.

Gopalakrishnan, C.A. and Lal, G.M. (1985). Role of sheep in rural economy.

Livestock and poultry enterprises for rural development. Vik. Publ. Hou.

Pvt. Ltd. (Reprint 1993): 607-611.

Gordon, H.M.L. (1953). The epidemiology of helminthiasis in sheep in winter

rainfall regions of Australia. Aus. Vet. J. 56: 80-86.

Gorski, P., Niznikowski, R., Popielarczyk, D. and Wedrychowicz, H. (2004).

Natural parasitic infections in various breeds of sheep in Poland. Arch.

Tierz. Dummes. 47: 50-55.

References

188

Gottstein, B., Lsing, S. and Stoye, M. (1991). Parasitological, haematological

and serological findings in puppies after lactogenic infection with

Ancylostoma caninum. J. Vet. Med. Series B. 38(2): 111-112.

Gray, S.J. and Kennedy, J.P. (1981). Gastrointestinal parasites in sheep in an

arid environment. Aus. J. Exp. Agric. Anim. Hus. 21(109): 178-182.

Griffith, R.B. (1974). Parasites and parasitic diseases in Cockril, W.R. (Edited).

The husbandry and health of domestic buffalo. Food and Agriculture

Organization, United Nations. Rome, Italy. 264 pp

Grimshaw, W.T.R., Hong, C. and Hunt, K.R. (1996). Potential for

misinterpretation of the faecal egg count reduction test for levamisole

resistance in gastrointestinal nematodes of sheep. Vet. Parasitol. 62:

267-273.

Guilhon, J. and Rrionzean, M. (1945). Paramphistome infestation of cattle in

France. Rec. Med. Vet. 121: 225-237.

Gulland, F.M.D. and Fox, M. (1992). Epidemiology of nematode infections of

Soay sheep (Ovis. aries L.) on St Kilda. Parasitol. 105: 481-492.

Gupta, R.P., Chaudhuri, S.S., Ruprah, N.S. and Yadav, C.L. (1985).

Epizootiology of paramphistomiasis in Haryana state. Ind. J. Anim. Sci.

55: 14-19.

Gupta, R.P., Yadav, C.L. and Chaudhuri, S.S. (1987). Epidemiology of

gastrointestinal nematodes of sheep and goat in Haryana, India. Vet.

Parasitol. 24: 117-127.

Gupta, R.P., Yadav, C.L. and Ruprah, N.S. (1988). Epidemiology of ovine

helminthiosis in India. Trop. Anim. Heal. Prod. 20: 23-29.

Gurib-Fakim, A. (2006). Medicinal plants: traditions of yesterday and drugs

tomorrow. Mol. Asp. Med. 27(1): 1-93.

Hanaa, A., El-Hallawany and Abdel-Aziz, M.Z. (2012). Clinico-

histopathological studies on the correlation between some parasitic

infestation on liver and ovarian efficiency in small ruminants. J. Repr.

Infer. 3(3): 67-76.

Hansen, J. and Perry, B. (1994). The epidemiology, diagnosis and control of

helminth parasites of ruminants. Anim. Prod. Heal. Div. F. and Agric.

Org. Rome, Italy. Second edition. Nairobi, Kenya.

Hassan, S.S., Kaur, K. and Juyal, P.D. (2005). Epidemiology of

paramphistomosis in domestic ruminants in different districts of Punjab

and other adjoining areas. J. Vet. Parasitol. 19: 43-46.

Hassanpour, S., Eshratkhah, B., Sadaghian, M., Maherisis, N.,

Chaichisemsari, M. and Kiyaninahand, M. (2011). Relationship

References

189

between gastrointestinal parasite infection and faecal protein excretion in

Moghani ewes. Int. J. Anim. Vet. Adv. 3 : 167-169.

Hasslinger, M.A., Schenkel, F., Ogaylat, S. and Ulbricht, M. (1993).

Important endoparasites in sheep and goat flocks in Jordan. J. Vet.

Med. 40: 329-336.

Hayat, C.S., Hussain, S.M., Iqbal, Z., Hayat, B. and Akhtar, M. (1996). Effect

of parasitic nematodes on haematology and productivity of sheep. Pak.

Vet. J. 16(2): 81-83.

Hoareau, L. and Da Silva, E.J. (1999). Medicinal plants: a re-emerging health

aid. Elec. J. Biotechnol. 2: 56-70.

Hodson, A.W., Latner, A.L. and Raine, L. (1962). Isoenzymes of alkaline

phosphatase. Clin. Chim. Acta. 7: 255.

Holmes, P.H. (1993). Interactions between parasites and animal nutrition: the

veterinary consequences. Pro. Nut. Soc. 52: 113-120.

Holmes, P.H., Abbott, E. and Parkins, J.J. (1986). Use of nuclear techniques

to investigate the influence of host nutrition on the pathogenesis of ovine

haemonchosis. In nuclear techniques aimed at improving meat, milk and

wool production from ruminant animals. Vienna: International Atomic

Energy Agency.

Horak, I.G. (1971). Paramphistomiasis in domestic ruminants. Adv. Parasitol.

9: 33-72.

Hordegen, P., Cabaret, J., Hertzberg, H., Langhans, W. and Maurer, V.

(2006). In vitro screening of six anthelmintic plant products against

larval Haemonchus contortus with a modified methyl-thiazolyl-

tetrazolium reduction assay. J. Ethnopharm. 108: 85-89.

Hordegen, P., Hertzberg, H., Heilmann, J., Langhans, W. and Maurer, V.

(2003). The anthelmintic efficacy of five plant products against

gastrointestinal trichostrongylids in artificially infected lambs. Vet.

Parasitol.117: 51-60.

Hotson, I.K., Campbell, N.J. and Smeal, M.G. (1970). Anthelmintic resistance

in Trichostrongylus colubriformis. Aus. Vet. J. 46: 356-360.

Houdijk, J.G.M., Jessop, N.S. and Kyriazakis, I. (2001). Nutrient pardoning

between reproductive and immune functions in animals. Pro. Nut. Soc.

60: 515-525.

Hounzangbe-Adote, M.S., Zinsou, F.E., Hounpke, V. and Moutairou, K.

(2005). In vivo effects of Fagara leaves on sheep infected with

gastrointestinal nematodes. Trop. Anim. Heal. Prod. 37: 205-214.

References

190

Hunter, A.R. and Meckenzie, G. (1982). The pathogenesis of a single

challenge dose of Haemonchus contortus in lambs under six months of

age. J. Helminthol. 56: 135-144.

Hussain, M., Khan, I., Siddiqui, M., Farooq, M. and Ahmad, N. (2004).

Prevalence of cestode and comparative efficiency of various

anthelmintics in Rambouillet sheep. Int. J. Agric. Biol. 6(6): 1128-1131.

Ijaz, M., Khan, M.S., Avais, M., Ashraf, K. and Ali, M.M. (2009). Infection

rate and chemotherapy of various helminthes in diarrhoeic sheep in and

around Lahore. Th. J. Anim. Pl. Sci. 19: 13-16.

Indian Livestock Census. (2003). A text book of Animal Husbandry. Third

edition. Indian Council of Agricultural Research. New Delhi.

Iqbal, Z., Akhter, M.S., Zia-UD-Din, S., Khan, M.N. and Jabbar, A. (2003).

Herbal dewormers in livestock- a traditional therapy. Int. J. Agric. Biol.

5: 199-206.

Iqbal, Z., Lateef, M., Akhter, M.S., Ghayur, M.N. and Gilani, A.H. (2006a).

In vivo anthelmintic activity of ginger against gastrointestinal nematodes

of sheep. J. Ethnopharm. 106: 285-287.

Iqbal, Z., Lateef, M., Ashraf, M. and Jabbar, A. (2004). Anthelmintic activity

of Artemisia brevifolia in sheep. J. Ethnopharm. 93: 265-268.

Iqbal, Z., Lateef, M., Jabbar, A., Ghayur, M.N. and Gilani, A.H. (2006b). In

vivo anthelmintic activity of Butea monosperma against trichostrongylid

nematodes in sheep. Fitoterap. 77(2): 137-140.

Iqbal, Z., Lateef, M., Jabbar, A., Mohammad, G. and Khan, M.N. (2005).

Anthelmintic activity of Calotropis procera (Ait) Ait. flowers in sheep. J.

Ethnopharm. 102: 256-261.

Iqbal, Z., Lateef, M., Khan, M.N., Jabbar, A. and Akhter, M.S. (2006c).

Anthelmintic activity of Swertia chirata against gastrointestinal

nematodes of sheep. Fitoterap. 77(6): 463-465.

Iqbal, Z., Munir, M.A., Khan, M.N., Akhter, M.S. and Javed, L. (2001a). In

vitro inhibitory effect of Sorghum bicolor on hatching and moulting of

Haemonchus contortus eggs. Int. J. Agric. Biol. 3: 451-453.

Iqbal, Z., Nadeem, Q.K., Khan, M.N., Akhtar, M.S. and Waraich, F.N.

(2001b). In vitro anthelminitc activity of Allium sativum, Zingiber

offtcinale, Curcurbita mexicana and Ficus religiosa. Int. J. Agric. Biol. 3:

454-457.

Islam Shamsul, A.V.M. (1988). Helminthosis of sheep in Zambia. Liv. Adv. 13:

41-45.

References

191

Jabbar, A., Raza, M.A., Iqbal, Z. and Khan, M.N. (2006). An inventory of the

ethno botanicals used as anthelmintics in the southern Punjab

(Pakistan). J. Ethnopharm. 108(1): 152-154.

Jackson, F. (1993). Anthelmintic resistance - the state of play. Brit. Vet. J.

149: 123-138.

Jacquiet, P., Colas, F., Cabaret, J., Dia, M.L., Cheikh, D. and Thiam, A.

(1995). Dry areas: an example of seasonal evolution of helminth

infection of sheep and goats in southern Mauritiana. Vet. Parasitol. 56:

137-148.

Jain, N.C. (1993). Essentials of Veterinary Haematology. Lea and Febiger,

Philadelphia.

Jaliwala, Y.A., Panda, P.K., Chourasia, N., Kumar, B.N., Amit, P. and

Mohanty, P.K. (2011). In vitro anthelmintic activity of aerial parts of

Argemone mexicana Linn. J. Phar. Res. 4(9): 3173-3174.

Jasmer, D.P., Goverse, A. and Smant, G. (2003). Parasitic nematode

interactions with mammals and plants. An. Rev. Phytopathol. 41: 245-

270.

Jenkins, D.C., Rapson, E.B. and Topley, P. (1986). The aggregation response

of Trichostrongylus colubriformis: a basis for the rapid interpretation of in

vitro anthelmintic screens. Parasitol. 93: 531-537.

Jithendran, K.P. (1998). Epidemiology of gastrointestinal nematodes in

migratory sheep and goats in north-west humid Himalayan region. Ind. J.

Anim. Sci. 68(9): 894-896.

Jithendran, K.P. (2000). Helminth parasites- a constraint in animal health

management in Himachal Pradesh. Him. Ecol. Dev. 8(2): 234-238.

Jones, T.C., Hunt, D.R. and King, W.N. (1997). Veterianary Pathology. Sixth

edition. 1149-1221.

Joseph, B. and Priyar, M. (2010). Invitro antimicrobial activity of Psidium

guajava L. leaf essential oil and extracts using agar well diffusion

method. Int. J. Cur. Pharm. Res. 2(3): 28-32.

Kamaraj, C. and Rahuman, A.A. (2011). Efficacy of anthelmintic properties of

medicinal plant extracts against Haemonchus contortus. Res. Vet. Sci. 91:

400-404.

Kaneko, J.J., Harvey, J.W. and Bruss, M.L. (1997). Clinical Biochemistry of

domestic animals, Fifth edition. Academic, San Diego. 890-894.

Kaneko, J.J., Harvey, J.W. and Bruss, M.L. (2008). Clinical biochemistry of

domestic animal, Sixth edition. Academic press. USA. 117-156.

References

192

Kaplan, R.M., Burke, J.M., Terill, T.H., Miller, J.E., Getz, W.R., Mobini, S.,

Valencia, E., Williams, M.J., Williamson, L.H., Larsen, M. and Vatta,

A.F. (2004). Validation of the FAMACHA® eye colour chart for detecting

clinical anaemia in sheep and goats on farms in the southern United

States. Vet. Parasitol. 123: 105-120.

Karthikeyan, A., Shanthi, V. and Nagasathaya, A. (2009). Preliminary

phytochemical and antibacterial screening of crude extract of the leaf of

Adhatoda vasica. L. Int. J. Gr. Pharm. 3: 78-80.

Kates, K.C. (1950). Survival on pasture of free living stages of some common

gastrointestinal nematodes of sheep. Proc. Helminthol. Soc. 17: 39-58.

Kato, S., Bowmann, D.D. and Brown, D.L. (2000). Efficacy of Chenopodium

ambrosioides as an anthelmintic for treatment of gastrointestinal

nematodes in Lambs. J. Herb. Sp. Med. Pl. 7: 11-25.

Kessler, J., Wanner, M. and Pfister, K. (1981). Influence of severe infestation

with gastrointestinal strongyles on mineral metabolism, selected

haematological and clinochemical parameters of small ruminants. Zeit.

Fur. Tierphy. Tierena. Futterm. 46: 170-180.

Ketzis, J.K., Taylor, A., Bowmann, D.D., Brown, D.L., Warnick, L.D. and

Erb, H.N. (2002). Chenopodium ambrosioides and its essential oil as

treatments for Haemonchus contortus and mixed adult nematode

infections in goats. J. Sm. Rum. Res. 44: 193-200.

Khajuria, J.K. and Kapoor, P.R. (2003). Prevalence of parasites in sheep and

goats at Kathua-Jammu. J. Vet. Parasitol. 17: 121-126.

Khalid, S.M.A., Amin, M.R., Mostofa, M., Choudhury, M.E. and Uddin, B.

(2005). Effect of indigenous medicinal plants (neem and pine apple)

against gastrointestinal nematodiasis in sheep. Int. J. Pharm. 1: 185-

189.

Khanum, F., Anilakumar, K.R., Sudarshana Krishna, K.R., Viswanathan,

K.R. and Santhanam, K. (2000). Anticarcinogenic effects of curry leaves

in dimethylhydrazine-treated rats. Pl. F. Hum. Nut. 55: 347-355.

Kiran, S., Kumar, S. and Kanchan, (2005). Prevalence of gastrointestinal

helminths in sheep and goats in Dehradun. J. Exp. Zool. 8: 281-283.

Koroglu, E., Simsek, S., Dilgin, N., Gultekin, L. and Altas, M.G. (2001).

Prevalence of gastrointestinal nematodes of sheep in Elazig. Saglik

Bilimleri Dergisi Universitesi. 15: 145-154.

Kotrla, B., Blazek, K. and Amin, A. (1976). Trematodes of domestic

ruminants of Afghanistan and their role in pathology. Fol. Parasitol.

23(3): 217-220.

References

193

Kuchai, J.A., Chishti, M.Z., Zaki, M.M., Ahmad, J., Rasool, M., Dar, S.A.

and Tak, H. (2011). Epidemiology of helminth parasites in small

ruminants of Ladakh, India. On. J. Anim. Feed. Res. 1(5): 239-242.

Kumar, D., Jatkar, P.R., Raisinghani, P.M., Quyoom, A., Jairath, L.K. and

Gahlot, G.C. (1989). Prevalence of subclinical gastrointestinal parasitism

in sheep in Bikaner (Rajasthan). J. Vet. Parasitol. 3: 139-142.

Kumar, K.S., Rao, K.S., Naidu, K.V., Prasad, P.E. and Reddy, P.V.V.S.

(2006). Incidence of parasitism and diseases in migratory Nellore sheep

flocks. Vet. J. 83: 224-225.

Kumar, R. and Yadav, C.L. (1994). Prevalence of enbendazoic resistance in

ovine nematodes in north-west India. Trop. Anim. Heal. Prod. 26: 230-

234.

Kumsa, B. and Wossene, A. (2006). Abomasal nematodes of small ruminants

of Ogaden region, eastern Ethiopia: prevalence, worm burden and species

composition. Rev. Med. Vet. 157(12): 27-32.

Kuttler, K.L. and Marble, D.W. (1966). Serum protein changes in lambs with

naturally acquired Haemonchus contortus infection. Am. J. Vet. Res. 21:

445-448.

Lange, K.G., Olcott, D.D., Miller, J.E., Mosjidis, J.A., Ternll, T.H., Burke,

J.M. and Kearney, M.T. (2006). Effect of Sencea lespedeza (Lespedeza

cuneata) fed as hay, on natural and experimental Haernonchus contortus

infections in lambs. Vet. Parasitol. 141: 273-278.

Lateef, M., Iqbal, Z., Jabbar, A., Khan, M.N. and Akhtar, M.S. (2005).

Epidemiology of trichostrongylid nematode infections in sheep under

traditional husbandry system in Pakistan. Int. J. Agric. Biol. 7: 596-600.

Lateef, M., Iqbal, Z., Khan, M.N., Akhtar, M.S. and Jabbar, A. (2003).

Anthelmintic activity of Adhatoda vesica roots. Int. J. Agric. Biol. 5: 86-

90.

Lavanya, B., Krishna, P.S.R., Nagarjuna, S. and Reddy, Y.P. (2011). In-vitro

comparative study of anthelmintic activity of Brassica juncea and

Brassica oleracea. J. Pharm. Res. 4(9): 2907-2909.

Lebbie, S.H.B., Rey, B. and Irungu, E.K. (1994). Small ruminant research

and development in Africa. Proc. Second Bien. Con. Afr. Sm. Rum. Res.

Net. 1-5.

Lindqvist, A., Ljungstriom, B.L., Nilsson, O. and Waller, P.J. (2001). The

dynamics, prevalence and impact of nematode infections in organically

raised sheep in Sweden. Act. Vet. Scan. 42(3): 377-389.

Liu, C.X. (2005). History of application of medicinal plants in China. In: Yaniv

Z, Bachrach U (eds) Handbook of medicinal plants. Pub- Food Products,

Press- Haworth Press. 31-48.

References

194

Lowry, O.H., Rosebrough, N.J., Farr, A.L. and Randall, R.J. (1951). Protein

measurement with Folin-Phenol reagent. Th. J. Biol. Chem. 193: 265-

275.

Macedoa, I.T.F., Bevilaquaa, C.M.L., Oliveiraa, L.M.B., Camurc, A.L.F.,

Vasconcelosa, M.S.M., Machadob, L.K.A. and Ribeiroa, W.L.C. (2012).

In vitro activity of Lantana camara, Alpinia zerumbet, Mentha villosa and

Tagetes minuta decoctions on Haemonchus contortus eggs and larvae. Vet.

Parasitol. 190: 504- 509.

Maciel, M.V., Morais, S.M., Bevilaqua, C.M.L., Camurca-Vasconcelos,

A.L.F., Costa, C.T.C. and Castro, C.M.S. (2006). Ovicidal and larvicidal

activity of Melia azedarach extracts on Haemonchus contortus. Vet.

Parasitol. 140: 98-104.

Maiti, S.K., Rao, V.N., Pal, S. and Ali, S.L. (1999). Clinico-haematological

studies and therapeutic studies in parasitic gastroenteritis in sheep. Ind.

Vet. J. 76: 435-437.

Makhdoomi, D.M., Nasreen, S., Bandy, S.D. and Moulve, B.A. (1995).

Incidence of different gastrointestinal parasites in Kashmir. Ind. Vet. J.

72: 898-900.

Manga-Gonzalez, M.Y., Ferreras, M.C., Campo, R., Gonzalec-Lanza, C.,

Perez, V. and Garcia-Marin, J.F. (2004). Hepatic marker enzymes,

biochemical parameters and pathological effects in lambs experimentally

infected with Dicrocoelium dendriticum (Digenea). Parasitol. Res. 93(5):

344-355.

Mapes, G.J. and Coop, R.L. (1970). The interaction of infections of

Haemonchus contortus and Nwmatodirus battus in lambs. J. Comp.

Pathol. 80: 123-136.

Maphosa, V., Masika, P.J., Bizimenyera, E.S. and Eloff, J.N. (2010). In-vitro

anthelminthic activity of crude aqueous extracts of Aloe ferox, Leonotis

leonurus and Elephantorrhiza elephantina against Haemonchus contortus.

Trop. Anim. Heal. Prod. 42: 301-307.

Maqsood, M., Iqbal, Z. and Chaudhry, A.H. (1996). Prevalence and intensity

of haemonchosis with reference to breed, sex and age of sheep and goats.

Pak. Vet. J. 14: 177-195.

Marley, C.L., Cook, R., Barrett, J., Keatinge, R., Lampkin, N.H. and Me

Bride, S.D. (2003). The effect of dietary forage on the development and

survival of helminth parasites in ovine faeces. Vet. Parasitol. 118: 93-107.

Marta, M.C., Souza, Claudia, M.L., Bevilaqua, Selene, M., Morais, Cicero,

T.C., Costa, Ana, R.A., Silva and Raimundo, B.F. (2008). Anthelmintic

acetogenin from Annona squamosa L. seeds. An. Braz. Acad. Sci. 80(2):

271-277.

References

195

Martin, P.J., Anderson, N. and Jarrett, R.G. (1985). Resistance to

benzimidazole anthelmintics in field strains of Ostertagia and

Nematodirus in sheep. Aus. Vet. J. 62: 38-43.

Martinez-Ganzalez, B., Diez-Banos, N. and Rojo-Vazguez, F.A. (1998). An

epidemiological study of gastrointestnal parasitism in dairy sheep flocks

in Leon (NW Spain). Sm. Rum. Res. 27: 25-30.

Max, R.A., Kimambo, A.E., Kassuku, A.A., Mtenga, L.A. and Buttery, P.J.

(2007). Effect of tanniniferous browse meal on nematode faecal egg

counts and internal parasite burdens in sheep and goats. S. Afr. J. Anim.

Sci. 37 (2): 97-106.

McCorkle, M., Mathias, E., van Schillhorn, V.T.W. (1996). Ethnoveterinary

research and development. It studies in indigenous knowledge and

development intermediate technology publications. London. 1-23.

McKenna, P.B. (1998). The effect of previous cold storage on the subsequent

recovery of infective third stage nematode larvae from sheep. Vet.

Parasitol. 80: 167-172.

Miller, J.E., Bahirathan, M., Lemarie, S.L., Hembri, F.G., Kearney, M.T. and

Barras, S.R. (1998). Epidemiology of gastrointestinal nematode

parasitism in Suffolk and Gulf Coast native sheep with special emphasis

on relative susceptibility to Haemonchus controtus infection. Vet.

Parasitol. 74(1): 55-74.

Min, B.R. and Hart, S.P. (2003). Tannins for suppression of internal parasites.

J. Anim. Sci. 81: 102-109.

Mir, R.A., Chishti, M.Z. and Zarger, M.A. (2007). Clinopathological changes

in sheep experimentally infected with Haemonchus contortus. Wor. J.

Agric. Sci. 3(5): 562-566.

Misra, S.C., Panda, D.N. and Prida, S. (1996). Haemotological and histological

alterations of immature paramphistomiasis in lambs. Ind. Vet. J. 73:

1274-1276.

Mohamed, A. (2012). Prevalence of small ruminant lung worm infection in

Jimma town Dawit Weldesenebet. Glob. Vet. 8(2): 153-159.

Mohsen, I.A. and Ibrahem, A.F. (2008). Studies on some internal parasites of

goats in Assiut Governorate especially which affecting liver. Ass. Univ.

Bull. Env. Res. 11(1): 57-71.

Mojabi, A. (2000). Veterinary clinical biochemistry (in Farsi). Second edition.

Noorbakhsh Press. Tehran.149: 444-453.

Molan, A.L., Waghorn, G.C., Min, B.R. and Me Nabb, W.C. (2000). The effect

of condensed tannins from seven herbages on Trichostrongylus

colubriformis larval migration in vitro. Fol. Parasitol. 47: 39-44.

References

196

Molla, S.H. and Bandyopadhyay, P.K. (2013a). Prevalence of some

gastrointestinal nematode parasites in economically important Bonpala

sheep of Teesta river valley, West Bengal, India. Proc. Nat. Cong. Cons.

Bio. Res. Man. (ISBN No 978-81-9277-62-0-0). 150-153.

Molla, S.H. and Bandyopadhyay, P.K. (2013b). In vitro anthelmintic activity

of Psidium guajava against sheep gastrointestinal nematode, Haemonchus

contortus. Env. Ecol. (In press)

Momin, R.R. and Avastthi, B.L. (1988). Studies on seasonal incidence of

Oesophagostomum and Trichuiris species in Marwadi breed of sheep.

Thir. Nat. Cong. Vet. Parasitol. 1-18.

MondaI, M., Khyrul IsIam, M., Hur, J., John-Hwa, L. and Beak, B.K.

(2000). Examination of gastrointestinal helminth in livestock grazing in

grassland of Bangladesh. Th. Kor. J. Parasitol. 38(3): 187-190.

Monglo, D., Njongmeta, L.M., Musongong, G., Ngassoum, M. and

Nukenine, E.N. (2006). Evaluation of anthelmintic potential of

ethanolic plant extracts from northern Cameroon against eggs and

infective larvae of Haemonchus contortus. J. Biol. Sci. 6(2): 426-433.

Montgomery, R., Conway, T.W. and Spector, A.A. (1990). Biochemistry. A

case oriented approach. Sixth edition.

Morales, G., Arelispino, P., Sandoval, E. and Moreno, L.D.E. (2001).

Gastrointestinal nematode infection in ewes raised in an arid zone of

Venezuela. Parasitol. Dia. 25: 36-39.

Mottelib, A.A., Amar, A.M. and Magzoub, M. (1993). The haemogram of

enteritis in kids at El-Gassim. Aus. J. Vet. Med. 28(56): 255-263.

Mottelib, A.A., Haroun, E.M., Magzoub, M. and Electron-Basheer, E. (1992).

The effect of gastrointestinal parasites on blood picturein sheep and goats

at Al-Gassim. Assiu. Vet. Med. J. 28(55): 215-223.

Mungube, E.O., Bauni, S.M., Tenhagen, B.A., Wamae, L.W., Nginyi, J.M.

and Mugambi, J.M. (2006). The prevalence and economic significance of

Fasciola gigantica and Stilesia hepatica in slaughtered animals in the

semi-arid coastal Kenya. Trop. Anim. Heal. Prod. 38(6): 475-483.

Munib, H., Khan, I., Siddique, M., Farooq, M. and Ahmad, N. (2004).

Prevalence of cestodes and comparative efficacy of various anthelmntics

in Rambouillet sheep. Int. J. Agric. Biol. 6: 1128-1131.

Munoz-Guzman, M.A., Cuellar-Ordaz, J.A., Valdivia-Anda, A.G., Buendia-

Jimenez, J.A. and Alba-Hurtado, F. (2006). Correlation of

parasitological and immunological parameters in sheep with high and low

resistance to haemonchosis. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 86: 363-371.

References

197

Muraleedharan, K. (2005). Prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites of live stock

in dry zone of Karnataka. J. Vet. Parasitol. 19: 31-33.

Murray, M., Jennings, F.W. and Amrmour, H. (1970). Bovine ostertagiasis:

structure, function and mode of differentiation of bovine gastric mucusa

and kinetics of the worm loss. Res. Vet. Sci. 11: 417-427.

Murray, R.D.H., Mendez, J. and Brown, S.A. (1982). The Natural Coumarins:

Occurrence, Chemistry and Biochemistry. Wiley, Chichester.

Nabavi, R., Eslami, A., Shokrani, H.R., Bokaie, S., Shayan, P. and Saadati,

D. (2011). Study on the prevalence, intensity, seasonal dynamics of

abomasal helminths in sheep from different climatic zones of Iran. Wor.

App. Sci. J. 12(4): 441-445.

Nadhim, S., Jakhs, A., Adnan, M. and Abdullah, R. (2008). The effect of

subclinical experimental infection with haemonchosis on some productive

aspects of Karadi lambs Kurdistan. J. Dohuk. Univ. 11: 13-21.

Naem, S. and Gorgani, T. (2011). Gastrointestinal parasitic infection of

slaughtered sheep (Zel breed) in Fereidoonkenar city, Iran. Vet. Res. For.

2(4): 238-241.

Nakhare, S. and Garg, S.C. (1991). Anthelmintic activity of some essential of

Artemisia pallens Wall. An. Sci. Lif. 10: 185-186.

Naqvi, S.A.H., Vohora, S.B. and Khan, M.S.Y. (1991). Antibacterial,

antifungal and anthelmintic studies of Artemisia scoparia. Her. Hung.

30: 54-60.

NAS (2005). National Account Statistics, Central Statistical Organization. M/O

Statistics Programme Implementation.

Nasreen, S., Jeelani, S.G. and Hakeem, M. (2005). Incidence of

gastrointestinal nematodes in sheep in Kashmir valley. J. Vet. Parasitol.

19: 27-29.

NATP (2004). National Agricultural Technology Project Report, Sub-project:

diagnosis of parasitic diseases of domestic animals. Divition of

Parrasitology. Indian Veterinary Research Institute. Izatnagar. 1-40.

Nayebzadeg, H., Seyfiabadshapouri, M. and Hoghooghi, N. (2005).

Immunization of Arabian sheep against haemonchosis with Haemonchus

contortus intestinal homogenate. Fift. Euro. Con. Clin. Mic. Inf. Dis.

Ndao, M., Belot, J., Zinsstag, J. and Pfister, K. (1991). Epidemiology of

gastro-intestinal helminthiasis in small ruminants in the tree-cropping

pasture zone in Senegal. Vet. Res. 26: 132-139.

Nelsen, K. and Anderson, S. (1967). Intestinal lymphangiectasia in cattle. Nor.

Vet. 19: 31-35.

References

198

Nfi, A., Ndi, C., Bayemi, P.H., Njwe, R., Tchoumboue, J., Njakoi, H.N.M.,

Njakoi, M. and Sali, D. (1999). The anthelmintic efficacy of some

indigenous plants in the northwest province of Cameroon. Rev. Elev.

Med. Vet. Pay. Trop. 52: 103-106.

Nganga, C.J., Maingi, N., Munyua, W.K. and Kanyari, P.W. (2004).

Epidemiology of gastrointestinal helminths infection in Dorper sheep in

semi-arid area of Kenya. Ond. J. Vet. Res. 71(3): 219-226.

Nginyi, J.M., Duncan, J.L., Mellor, D.J., Stear, M.J., Wanyangu, S.W., Bain,

R.K. and Gatongi, P.M. (2001). Epidemiology of parasitic

gastrointestinal nematode infections of ruminants on smallholder farms

in central Kenya. Res. Vet. Sci. 70(1): 33-39.

Nickdel, M.B., Roberts, F., Brombacher, F., Alexander, J. and Roberts, C.W.

(2001). Counter-protective role for interleukin-5 during acute

Toxoplasma gondii infection. Inf. Immun. 69: 1044-1052.

Niezen, J.H., Waghorn, G.C. and Charleston, W.A.G. (1995). Growth and

gastrointestinal parasitism in lamb grazing one of seven herbages and

dosed with larvae for six weeks. J. Agric. Sci.125: 281-289.

Niezen, J.H., Waghorn, G.C. and Charleston, W.A.G. (1998). Establishment

and fecundity of Ostertagia circumcincta and Trichostrongylus

colubriformis in lambs fed Lotus (Lotus pedunculatus) or perennial rye

grass (Lolium perenne). Vet. Parasitol. 78: 13-21.

Ningappa, M.B., Dinesha, R. and Srinivas, L. (2008). Antioxidant and free

radical scavenging activities of polyphenol-enriched curry leaf (Murraya

koenigii L.) extracts. F. Chem. 106: 720-728.

Nirmal, S., Sangwan, A.K. and Sangwan, N. (1998). In vitro effects of leaf

extracts of Melia azedarach on mortality of Haemonchus contortus. Ind. J.

Anim. Res. 32: 70-72.

Nobel, T.A. (1956). Histopathology of paramphitomiasis. Ref. Vet. 13: 206.

Nourani, H., Pirali Kheirabadi, K.H., Rajabi, H. and Banitalebi, A. (2010).

An unusual migration of Taenia hydatigena larvae in a lamb. Trop. Biom.

27(3): 651-656.

Nunomura, R.C., Silva, E.C.C.S., Oliveira, D.F., Garcia, A.M., Boeloni, J.N.,

Nunomura, S.M. and Pohlit, A.M. (2006). In vitro studies of the

anthelmintic activity of Picrolemma sprucei Hook. f. (Simaroubaceae). Act.

Amaz. 36(3): 327-330.

Nwosu, C.O., Madu, P.P. and Richards, W.S. (2007). Prevalence and seasonal

changes in the population of gastrointestinal nematodes of small

ruminants in semi-arid zone of north-eastern Nigeria. Vet. Parasitol.

144(1-2): 118-124.

References

199

Nwosu, C.O., Ogunrinade, A.F. and Fagbemi, B.O. (1996). The seasonal

prevalence of Haemonchus species in Red Sokoto (Maradi) goats in

Nigeria. Vet. Res. Com. 20: 367-370.

Odoi, A., Gathuma, J.M., Gachuiri, C.K. and Omore, A. (2007). Risk factors

of gastrointestinal nematode parasite infections in small ruminants kept

in smallholder mixed farms in Kenya. BMC Vet. Res. 3: 6.

Ogunsusi, R.A. (1978). Changes in the blood values of sheep, suffering from

acute and chronic helminthiasis. Res. Vet. Sci. 25(3): 298-301.

Okaiyeto, S.O., Tekdek, L.B., Sackey, A.K.B. and Ajanusi, O.J. (2008). A

survey of gastrointestinal parasites of nomadic sheep in eight local

Government areas of northern Nigeria. Res. J. Anim. Sci. 2(4): 92-95.

Olajide, O.A., Awe, S.O. and Makinde, J.M. (1999). Pharmacological studies

on the leaf of Psidium guajava. Fitoterap. 70: 25-31.

Oncel, T. (2000).The prevalence of helminth species in sheep in the southern

region of Marmara. Tur. Parazitol. Derg. 24(4): 414-419.

Oncel, T. and Baggi, O. (2002). The prevalence of helminth species according

to faecal examination in sheep slaughtered in abattoir in Istanbul. Pend.

Vet. Mik. Derg. 33: 45-48.

Osaer, S., Goossens, B., Kora, S., Gaye, M. and Darboe, L. (1999). Health

and productivity of traditionally managed Djallonke sheep and west

African dwarf goats under high and moderate trypanosomosis risk. Vet.

Parasitol. 82: 101-119.

Ozer, B., Serin, E., Gumurdulu, Y., Gur, G., Yilmaz, U. and Boyacioglu, S.

(2003). Endoscopic extraction of living Fasciola hepatica: case report and

literature review. Tur. J. Gastroent. 14(1): 74-77.

Pal, R.A. and Qayyum, M. (1992). Breed, age and sex-wise distribution of

gastro-intestinal helminths of sheep and goats in and around

Rawalpindi region. Pak. Vet. J. 12: 60-63.

Panda, B.K. and Misra, S.C. (1980). Observations on the etiology, clinical

pathology and chemotherapy of immature amphistomiasis in Buffalo

calves. Ind. J. Anim. Heal. 19(2): 131-135.

Pandit, B.A. and Mir, A.S. (1988). Prevalence of coccidial (Eimeria sp.)

infection in sheep of Jammu and Kashmir. Ind. Vet. J. 65: 669-672.

Pandit, B.A., Shadardar, R.A., Darzi, M.M., Banday, M.A.A. and Bhat, A.S.

(2003). Survey of gastrointestinal nematodes in sheep of Kashmir valley.

Ind. J. Sm. Rum. 9: 39-42.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=Ozer%20B%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=14593544

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=Serin%20E%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=14593544

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=G%C3%BCm%C3%BCrd%C3%BCl%C3%BC%20Y%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=14593544

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=G%C3%BCr%20G%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=14593544

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=Yilmaz%20U%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=14593544

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=Boyacio%C4%9Flu%20S%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=14593544

References

200

Pandit, S. (2007). Studies on gastrointestinal parasitism in Garole sheep : its

prevalence, intensity, anthelmintic control, haemato-biochemical and

economic impact. M.V.Sc. thesis submitted to the West Bengal

University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, Kolkata.

Patnaik, B., Mathur, P.B. and Pachalag, S.V. (1973). Gastrointestinal

helminthiasis in sheep in semi-arid zone with particular reference to

Rambuillet breed. Guj. Vet. J. 7: 38-43.

Patra, N.C. (2002). Pathology of hepatic disorder in Garole sheep with special

reference to LFT, histopathological and cytological study. M.V.Sc. thesis

submitted to the West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences,

Kolkata.

Pedreira, J., Silva, A.P., Andrade, R.S., Suarez, J.L., Arias, M., Lomba, C.,

Diaz, P., Lopez, C., Banos, P.D. and Morrondo, P. (2006). Prevalence of

gastrointestinal parasites in sheep and parasite control practices in

north-west Spain. Prev. Vet. Med. 75: 56-62.

Perez, J., Ortega, J., Moreno, T., Morrondo, P., Lopez-Sandez, C. and

Martinez-Moreno, A. (2002). Pathological and immunohistochemical

study of the liver and hepatic lymph nodes of sheep chronically reinfected

with Fasciola hepatica, with or without triclabendazole treatment. J.

Comp. Pathol. 127: 30-36.

Pessoa, L.M., Morals, S.M., Bevilaqua, C.M.L. and Luciano, J.H.S. (2002).

Anthelmintic activity of essential oil of Ocimmum gratissimum Linn. and

eugenol against Haemonchus contortus. Vet. Parasitol. 109: 59-63.

Posen, S. (1967). Alkaline phosphatase. An. Int. Med. 67: 183.

Presidente, P.J.A. (1985). Methods for detection of resistance to

anthelmintics. In: Anderson, N., P.J. Waller, (Eds.), resistance in

nematodes to anthelmintic drugs. CSIRO and Australian Wool

Corporation Technical Publication.13-28.

Purohit, K. (2002). Spontaneous amphistomiasis in Garole sheep, incidence,

haemato-biochemical and pathological changes. M.V.Sc. thesis submitted

to the West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, Kolkata.

Qamar, M.F. and Maqbool, A. (2012). Biochemical studies and sero diagnosis

of haemonchosis in sheep and goats. Th. J. Anim. Pl. Sci. 22: 32-38.

Qamar, M.F., Maqbool, A., Khan, M.S., Ahmad, N. and Muneer, M.A. (2011).

Epidemiology of haemonchosis in sheep and goats under different

managemental conditions. Vet. Wor. 2(11): 413-417.

Qqadir, A.N.M.A. (1974). A preliminary survey on the incidence of Trichuris

infection in domestic ruminants and pathogenesis related to it. Ban. Vet.

J. 8: 33-36.

References

201

Rajguru, D.N., Pawer, L.S., Saleem, M. and Joshi, S.A. (2002).

Haematological alteration and therapeutic management of endoparasite

induced anaemia. Ind. Vet. J. 79: 973-975.

Rangel-Ruiz, L.J., Albores-Brahms, S.T. and Gamboa-Anguilar, J. (2003).

Seasonal trends of Paramphistomum cervi in Tabasco, Mexico. Vet.

Parasitol. 116: 217-232.

Rates, S.M. (2001). Plants as source of drugs. Toxic. 39(5): 603-613.

Rauf, U., Lateef, M. and Sultana, A. (2005). Prevalence of different species of

tapeworm in sheep. Th. J. Anim. Pl. Sci. 15: 53-55.

Raza, M.A., Iqbal, Z., Jabbar, A. and Yaseen, M. (2007). Point prevalence of

gastrointestinal helminthiasis in ruminants in southern Punjab,

Pakistan. J. Helminthol. 81: 323-328.

Real, L.A. (1996). Sustainability and the ecology of infectious disease. Biosci.

46: 88-97.

Regassa, F., Sori, T. and Dhugma, R. (2006). Epidemiology of gastrointestinal

parasites of ruminants in western Oromia, Ethopia. Int. J. Appl. Res. Vet.

Med. 4(1): 51-57.

Rehbein, S., Kokott, S. and Linder, T. (1999). Evaluation of techniques for

enumeration of Dicrocoelium eggs in sheep faeces. J. Vet. Med. A. 46:

133-139.

Rehman, N.U. and Ali, A. (2001). Monthwise prevalence of gastro-intestinal

trematodes, cestodes and nematodes infecting Damani sheep and goats

in district D.I. Khan, Pakistan. Pak. Vet. J. 21(2): 111-113.

Reinhold, J.G. (1953). In standard methods of clinical chemistry, edited by M.

Reiner, Academic Press, New York, London.

Reitman, S. and Frankel, S. (1957). Colorimetric determination of GOT and

GPT activity. Am. J. Clin. Pathol. 28: 56-63.

Richter, S.H. (2002). Gastrointestinal helminthes in sheep (Ovis aries) in

Iceland: their prevalence, abundance and geographic distribution. Ice.

Agric. Sci. 15: 111-128.

Ross, J.G. (1966). An abattoir survey of cattle liver infections with Fasciola

hepatica. Br. Vet. J. 122(11): 489-494.

Ross, J.G., Dow, C. and Todd, J.R. (1967). The pathology of Fasciola hepatica

infection in pigs: a comparison of the infection in pigs and other hosts.

Br. Vet. J. 123(7): 317-322.

Saddiqi, H.A., Iqbal, Z., Nisar Khan, M. and Muhammad, G. (2010).

Comparative resistance of sheep breeds to Haemonchus contortus in a

natural pasture infection. Int. J. Agric. Biol. 12: 739-743.

References

202

Sahai, B.N. (1971). Studies on blood picture in stomach worm (Haemonchus

contortus) infection in sheep and goats. Ind. Vet. J. 43: 422-426.

Sangster, N.C., Whitlock, H.V., Russ, L.G., Gunawan, M., Griffin, D.L. and

Kelly, J.D. (1979). Trichostrongylus colubriformis and Ostertagia

circumcincta resistant to levamisole, morantel tartrate and thiabendazole:

occurrence of field strains. Res. Vet. Sci. 27: 106-110.

Sanyal, P.K. (1989a). Seasonal availability of ovine strongyle larvae on pasture

in subtemperate Tamil Nadu. Ind. J. Anim. Sci. 59: 1491-1493.

Sanyal, P.K. (1989b). Bionomics of preparasitic stages of ovine strongyle in

faeces and on pasture in subtemperate Tamil Nadu. Ind. J. Anim. Sci.

59: 1493-1497.

Sanyal, P.K. (1989c). Observation on gastrointestinal parasites in sheep and

goat in semi-arid Rajasthan with particular reference to nematodiasis.

Liv. Adv. 14: 43-48.

Sanyal, P.K. and Gour, D. (1984). Studies on pasture sampling on the

availability of ovine strongyle larvae in sub temperate Tamil Nadu. Int. J.

Anim.Sci. 4: 167-170.

Saravanan, B.C., Pandey, B., Kataktalware, M.A., Bandhyopadhyay, S.,

Pourouchottamane, R. and Bora, M. (2006). Studies on prevalence of

parasitic infection in organized sheep farm at Arunachal Pradesh. Sevent.

Nat. Cong. Vet. Parasitol. and Nat. Symp. Stren. Chal. and Opp. Vet.

Parasitol. 55 pp

Sargison, N.D., Wilson, D.J., Bartley, D.J., Penny, C.D. and Jackson, F.

(2007). Haemonchosis and teladorsagiosis in a Scottish sheep flock

putatively associated with the overwintering of hypobiotic fourth stage

larvae. Vet. Parasitol. 147: 326-331.

Schall, J.J. and Pearson, A.R. (2000). Body condition of a puerto rican anole,

Anolis gundlachi : effect of a malaria parasite and weather variation. J.

Herpetol. 34: 489-491.

Schalm, O.W., Jain, N.C. and Carroll, E.J. (1986). Veterinary Haematology,

Forth edition. Lea and Febiger, Philadelphia.

Scott, I., Dick, A., Irvine, J., Stear, M.J. and Mckellar, Q.A. (1999). The

distribution of pepsinogen within the abomasal of cattle and sheep

infected with Ostertagia spp. and sheep infected with Haemonchus

contortus. Vet. Parasitol. 82: 145-159.

Senlik, B. (2008). Influence of host breed, sex and age on the prevalence and

intensity of Cysticercus tenuicollis in sheep. J. Anim.Vet. Adv. 7(5): 548-

551.

References

203

Sharma, D.V.P. and Katiyar, R.D. (1967). Studies on the pathogenicity due to

immature paramphistomes among sheep and goats. Ind. Vet. J. 4: 199-

205.

Sheikh, G.N., Dar, M.S., Willayat, M.M. and Pandit, B.A. (2004). A note on

prevalence of ovine Fascioliosis in Kashmir valley. Ind. J. Vet. Med. 24(1):

42-43.

Siddiqua, A., Mannan, M.A. and Hussain, M.A. (1989). Some biochemical

studies in the blood of goats naturally infected with intestinal parasites.

Ind. Vet. J. 66: 502-504.

Siddiqua, N. and Garg, S.C. (1990). In vitro anthelmintic activity of some

essential oils. Pak. J. Sci. Ind. Res. 33: 536-537.

Singh, A., Bharadwaj, P., Varshneya, C. and Telang, R.S. (2005a).

Anthelmintic activity of leaves of Bauhinia variegata. Ind. Vet. J. 82: 855-

857.

Singh, A., Varshneya, C. and Telang, R.S. (2005b). Flowers of Tagetes patula

a potential herbal anthelmintic. Ind. Vet. J. 82: 838-840.

Singh, H., Rai, H.S., Singh, N.K. and Kaur, A. (2005c). Prevalence of

helminthic infection in sheep in Ludhiana. J. Vet. Parasitol. 19(2): 97-

101.

Singh, M.P., Mahesh, K. and Ahmad, A.M. (2004). Efficacy of some

ethnomedicinal plants against Haemonchus contortus. Ind. J. Vet. Med.

24: 1-4.

Singh, R.P., Sahai, B.N. and Jha, G.J. (1984). Histopathology of the

duodenum and rumen during experimental infection with

Paramphistomum cervi. Vet. Parasitol. 15: 39-46.

Singh, S., Govil, J.N. and Singh, V.K. (2003). Anthelmintic activity of some

medicinal plant products. Phytoch. Pharm. 21: 207-217.

Sisodia, S.L., Pathak, K.M.L., Kapoor, M. and Chauhan, P.P.S. (1997).

Prevalence and seasonal variation in Eimeria infection in sheep in

western Rajasthan. J. Vet. Parasitol. 11: 95-98.

Sissay, M.M., Ugglaand, A. and Waller, P.J. (2007). Epidemiology and

seasonal dynamics of gastrointestinal nematode infections of sheep in a

semi-arid region of eastern Ethiopia. Vet. Parasitol. 143: 311-321.

Skirnisson, K. (2007). Eimeria spp. (Coccidia, Protozoa) infections in a flock of

sheep in Iceland: species composition and seasonal abundance. Ice.

Agric. Sci. 20: 73-80.

References

204

Smyth, J.D. (1962). Introduction to Animal Parasitology. London: Cambridge

University Press. 517-521.

Sood, M.L. (1981). Haemonchus in India. Prasitol. 83(3): 639-652.

Soulsby, E.J.L. (1982). Helminths, Arthropods and Protozoa of Domesticated

Animals, Seventh edition. The English Language Book Society and

Bailliere Tindall. London. 763-773.

Soulsby, E.J.L. (1986). Helminthes, Arthopods and Protozoa of Domesticated

animals, Seventh edition, printed in Great Britain by Williams Clowes

Limited. Beccles and London.

Sreedevi, C. and Murthy, G.S.S. (2005). A note on prevalence of

gastrointestinal parasitism in sheep. Ind. Vet. J. 82: 912.

Sreedevi, C., Murthy, G.S.S. and Annapurna, P. (2005). Incidence of Stilesia

globipunctata in sheep. J. Vet. Parasitol. 19(2): 157-158.

Stear, M.J., bairde, K., Duncan, J.L. and Murray, M. (1995). A comparison

of the responses to repeated experimental infections with Haemonchus

contortus among Scottish black face lambs. Vet. Parasitol. 60(1-2): 69-81.

Stockham, S.L. and Scott, M.A. (2002). Fundamental of veterinary clinical

pathology. Iowa state press. USA. 540-546.

Suarez, V.H. and Busetti, M.R. (1995). The epidemiology of helminth

infections of growing sheep in Argentina’s western pampas. Int. J.

Parasitol. 25: 489-494.

Sultan, K., Desoukey, A.Y., Elsiefy, M.A. and Elbahy, N.M. (2010). An

abattoir study on the prevalence of some gastrointestinal helminths of

sheep in Gharbia Governorate, Egypt. Glob. Vet. 5(2): 84-87.

Swarnkar, C.P., Singh, D., Srivastava, C.P., Bhagwan, P.S.K. and Dimri, U.

(1996). A retrospective study on ovine gastrointestinal helminthiosis

under semi-arid conditions. J. Vet. Parasitol. 10: 15-21.

Tandon, V., Pal, P., Roy, B., Rao, H.S.P. and Reddy, K.S. (1997). In vitro

anthelmintic activity of root-tuber extract of Flemengia vestita, an

indigenous plant in Shillong, India. Parasitol. Res. 83: 492-498.

Tanwar, R.K. and Mishra, S. (2001). Clinico-haemato-biochemical studies on

intestinal helminthiasis in poultry. Vet. Pract. 2(2): 137-140.

Tarazona, J.M., Sanz-Pastor, A., Babin-M-del, M., Dominguez, T., Parra, I.,

Pastor, A.S. and Del-Mar-Babin, M. (1982) Caprine Trichostrongylidosis

II clinical studies of field infections. Analesdel-Instituto-Nacional-de-

Investigaciones Agrarias; Ganadera, Spain. 14: 111-124.

References

205

Tariq, K.A., Chishti, M.Z., Ahmad, F. and Shawl, A.S. (2008a). Anthelmintic

efficacy of Achillea millifolium against gastrointestinal nematodes of

sheep: in vitro and in vivo studies. J. Helminthol. 82: 227-233.

Tariq, K.A., Chishti, M.Z., Ahmad, F. and Shawl, A.S. (2008b). The

epidemiology of paramphistomosis of sheep (Ovis aries L.) in the north

west temperate Himalayan region of India. Vet. Res. Com. 32(5): 383-

391.

Tariq, K.A., Chishti, M.Z., Ahmad, F. and Shawl, A.S. (2008c).

Epidemiology of gastrointestinal nematodes of sheep managed under

traditional husbandry system in Kashmir valley. Vet. Parasitol.

158:138-143.

Tariq, K.A., Chishti, M.Z., Ahmad, F. and Shawl, A.S. (2009). Anthelmintic

activity of extracts of Artemisia absinthium against ovine nematodes.

Vet. Parasitol. 160: 83-88.

Tariq, K.A., Chishti, M.Z., Tanveer, S., Baqui, A., Darzi, M.M. and Mir, M.S.

(2011). Histopathological study of the organs of sheep infected with

Paramphistomum cervi in Kashmir valley. Nanobiot. Univ. 2(1): 7-12.

Tasawar, Z., Ahmad, S., Lashari, M.H. and Hayat, C.S. (2010). Prevalence of

Haemonchus contortus in sheep at research centre for conservation of

Sahiwal cattle (RCCSC) Jehangirabad, District Khanewal, Punjab,

Pakistan (Report). Pak. J. Zool. 42: 735-739.

Tavassoli, M. and Khoshvaghti, H. (2010). Helminthes and coccidia infection

of wild sheep (Ovis ammon orintalis) in Kabodan island of national park

of Urmia lake, Iran. Vet. Res. For. 1(1): 26-29.

Tehrani, L., Javanbakht, J., Jani, M., Sasani, F., Solati, A., Rajabian, M.,

Khadivar, F., Akbari, H. and Mohammadian, M. (2012).

Histopathological study of Haemonchus contortus in Herrik sheep

abomasums. J. Bact. Parasitol. 3(5): 1-5.

Teklye, B. (1991). Epidemiology of endoparasites of small ruminants in sub-

saharan Africa. Proc. Four Nat. Liv. Imp. Conf. 7-11.

Tembely, S. and Hansen, J.W. (1996). Helminth diseases of small ruminants

in the tropics: a review of epidemiology and control strategies. Proc.

Worksh. Bogor. 174 pp

Tembely, S., Lahlou-Kassi, K., Rege, J.E., Sovani, S., Diedkiou, M.L. and

Baker, R.L. (1997). The epidemiology of nematode infections in sheep

in a cool tropical environment. Vet. Parasitol. 70(1-3): 129-141.

Thamsborg, S.M., Jargensen, R.J., Waller, P.J. and Nansen, P. (1996). The

influence of stocking rate of gastrointestinal nematode infections of sheep

over a two year grazing period. Vet. Parasitol. 67(3-4): 207-24.

References

206

Thangathurai, R., Rao, D.G.K. and Reddy, P.M.T. (2003). Prevalence of

enteric parasitism in sheep and goats in and around Bidder. Ind. Vet. J.

80: 72-73.

Thilakan, N.J. and Sathianesan, V. (1997). Survey of prevalence of nematode

parasites of domestic ruminants by coprological examination. J. Vet.

Anim. Sci. 28: 51-54.

Titchen, D.A. (1982). The biology and control of endoparasites. London

Academic Press. 257-275.

Uddin, M.Z., Sarkar, A.K., Mondal, M.M.H. and Saha, S.N. (2010).

Pathological study of amphistomiasis in Black Bengal goat. J. Bio. Res.

2(8): 13-15.

Uriarte, J. and Valderrabano, J. (1989). An epidemiological study of parasitic

gastroenteritis in sheep under an intensive grazing system. Vet. Parasitol.

31(1): 71-81.

Uriarte, J., Llorente, M.M. and Valderrabano, J. (2003). Seasonal changes of

gastrointestinal nematode burden in sheep under an intensive grazing

system. Vet. Parasitol. 118(1-2): 79-92.

Urquhart, G.M., Armour, J., Duncan, J.L., Dunn, A.M. and Jennings, F.W.

(1987). Veterinary Parasitology. First edition. Longman Group UK.


(1996). Veterinary Parasitology, Second edition, Blackwell Science

Limited. Oxford, UK. 196 pp


(2003). Veterinary Parasitology. Second edition. Blackwell Science

Limitedtd. Oxford, UK.

Valcared, F. and Garcia, R.C. (1999). Prevalence and seasonal pattern of

caprine Trichostrongyles in a dry area of central Spain. J. Vet. Med. 46:

673-681.

Vanimisetti, H.B., Andrew, S.L., Zajac, A.M. and Notter, D.R. (2004).

Inheritance of faecal egg count and packed cell volume and their

relationship with production traits in sheep infected with Haemonchus

contortus. J. Anim. Sci. 82: 1602-1611.

Vercruysse, J. (1983). A survey of seasonal changes in nematodes faecal egg

count levels of sheep and goats in Senegal. Vet. Parasitol.13(3): 239-244.

Vizard, A.L. and Wallace, R.J. (1987). A simplified faecal egg count reduction

test. Aus. Vet. J. 64: 109-111.

Vlassoff, A., Leathwick, D.M. and Heath, A.C.G. (2001). The epidemiology of

nematodes infections of sheep. Nez. Vet. J. 49(6): 213-221.

References

207

Waghorn, G.C. and Molan, A.L. (2001). Effect of condensed tannins in

Doryctinum rectum on its nutritive value and on the development of sheep

parasite larvae. Proc. Nez. Gr. Asso. 63: 273-277.

Waghorn, T.S., Molan, A.L., Deighton, M., Alexander, R.A., Leathwick,

D.M., McNabb, W.C. and Meagher, L.P. (2006). In vivo anthelmintic

activity of Dorycnium rectum and grape seed extract against Ostertagia

circumcincta (Teladorsagid) and Trichostrongylus colubriformis in sheep.

Nez. Vet. J. 54: 21-21.

Waller, P.J. (1999). International approaches to the concept of integrated

control of nematode parasites of livestock. Int. J. Parasitol. 29: 155-164.

Waller, P.J., Echevarria, F., Eddi, C., Maciel, S., Nari, A. and Hansen, J.W.

(1996). The prevalence of anthelmintic resistance in nematode parasites

of sheep in southern Latin America: general overview. Vet. Parasitol. 62:

181-187.

Waller, P.J., Rudby-Martin, L., Ljungstrom, B.L. and Rydzik, A. (2004). The

epidemiology of abomasal nematodes of sheep in Sweden, with special

reference to overwinter survival strategies. Vet. Parasitol. 122(3): 207-

220.

Walter, K. and Schutt, C. (1974). Acid and alkaline phosphatase in serum two

point method. In: Bergmeyer H.U. (Ed.), Methods in Anzymatic Analysis.

Academic Press. New York. USA. 2: 856-860.

Wanjala, K., Chemuliti, J., Wesonga, F.D., Munga, L., Ngare, P., Murilla,

G.A. and Wesongah, J.O. (2002). Prevalence of parasitic infection in

small ruminants in a pastoral community in Narok district, Kenya.

http://www.jarvm.com.

Waruiru, R.M., Mutune, M.N. and Otieno, R.O. (2005). Gastrointestinal

parasite infections of sheep and goats in a semi-arid area of Machakos

district, Kenya. Bull. Anim. Heal. Prod. Afr. 53(1): 25-34.

Watson, D.L. and Gill, H.S. (1991). Effect of weaning on antibody responses

and nematode parasitism in Merino lambs. Res. Vet. Sci. 51: 128-132.

Wildblood, L.A., Kerr, K., Clark, D.A., Cameron, A. and Turner, D.G. (2005).

Production of eosinophil chemo attractant activity by ovine

gastrointestinal nematodes. Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. 107: 57-65.

Wildeus, S. and Zajac, A.M. (2005). Gastrointestinal parasitism in hair sheep

and meat goat breeds grazing naturally infected pasture. Sh. Go. Res. J.

20: 42-46.

Woldemariam, D.L. (2002). Nematodes prevalence, helminth management

practices and anthelmintic resistance in small ruminants in Mid-rift

valley of Ethiopia. www.moacwto.gov.np.statistics/ livestock/pdf.

References

208

Wolf, K., Bullock, G.E. and Quimby, M.C. (1969). Tadpole edema virus:

pathogenesis and growth studies and additional sites of virus infected

bullfrog tadpoles. In: Mizell MR, ed. Recent results in cancer research

special supplement, Biology of Amphibian Tumors. New York: Springer-

Verlag. 327-336.

Woolaston, R.R. and Piper, L.R. (1996). Selection of Merino sheep for

resistance to Haemonchus contortus: general variation. Anim. Sci. 62:

451-460.

Yadav, A. and Khajuria, J.K. (2006). Seasonal prevalence of gastrointestinal

parasites in sheep and goats of Jammu. J. Vet. Parasitol. 20(1): 70-75.

Yadav, A., Khajuria, J.K. and Raina, A.K. (2006). Seasonal prevalence of

gastrointestinal parasites in sheep and goats of Jammu. J. Vet. Parasitol.

20: 9-12.

Yadav, C.L., Banerjee, D.P. and Godara, R. (2003). Epidemiology of GI

nematodes in sheep and goats of north-west India. Souv. and Abs. Nat.

Cong. Ind. Asso. Adv. Vet. Parasitol. 2003. 71 pp

Yadav, C.L., Grewall, H.S. and Banerjee, D.P. (1993). Susceptibility of two

cross breeds of sheep to Haemonchus contortus. Int. J. Parasitol. 23(6):

819-822.

Yadav, S.C. and Gupta, S.C. (1993). Dot ELISA and DID in the diagnosis of F.

gigantica infection in rabbits. J. Vet. Parasitol. 7(1): 51-54.

Zacharias, F., Guimaraes, J.E., Araujo, R.R., Almeida, M.A. and Ayres, M.C.

(2008). Effect of homeopathic medicine on helminth parasitism and

resistance of Haemancus contortus infected sheep. Homeopath. 97: 145-

151.

Zakaria, M.B. and Mustafa, A.M. (1994). Traditional malay medicinal plants.

Penerbit Fajar Bakti Sdn. Bhd. Photocopy. ISBN No. 967-65-2476-X

Zgardan, E. (2002). Some aspects of the epidemiology and prophylaxis of

anoplocephalidosis in sheep in Moldovo. Rev. Rom. Parazitol. 12: 82-83.

Documents

References - Shodhganga : a reservoir of Indian theses @ …shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/.../72580/16/16_references.pdf · · 2016-02-09References 175 Abbott, E.M. (2007). Sustainable