References & Citations Based on Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (APA) COSC 690

References & Citations

Based onPublication Manual of the American

Psychological Association (APA)

COSC 690

Order of the references in Order of the references in the reference listthe reference list

1.1. Order of several works by the same first Order of several works by the same first authorauthor

One-author entries by the same One-author entries by the same author are arranged by the year of author are arranged by the year of publication, the earliest first.publication, the earliest first.

Smith, R.S. (1994). Smith, R.S. (1994). Smith, R.S. (1997).Smith, R.S. (1997).

((Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (2001) Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (2001) 4.04, 4.04,

p.220p.220))

One-author entries precede One-author entries precede multiple author entries beginning multiple author entries beginning with the same surname:with the same surname:

Alleyne, R.L. (2001). Alleyne, R.L. (2001).

Alleyne, R.L., & Evans, A.J. (1999).Alleyne, R.L., & Evans, A.J. (1999).

((Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (2001) Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (2001) 4.04, 4.04,

p.220p.220))

References with the same first author and different References with the same first author and different second or third authors are arranged alphabetically second or third authors are arranged alphabetically by the second author or, if the second author is the by the second author or, if the second author is the same, the surname of the third author, and so on:same, the surname of the third author, and so on:

Gosling, J.L., Jerald, K., & Belfar, S.F. (2000). Gosling, J.L., Jerald, K., & Belfar, S.F. (2000).

Gosling, J.L., & Tevlin, D.F. (1996).Gosling, J.L., & Tevlin, D.F. (1996).

Hayward, D., Firching, A., & Brown, J. (1999).Hayward, D., Firching, A., & Brown, J. (1999).

Hayward, D., Firching, A., & Smigel, J. (1999).Hayward, D., Firching, A., & Smigel, J. (1999).

((Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (2001) Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (2001) 4.04, p.2204.04, p.220))

(Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (2001) 4.04, p.220) z

References with the same first author in the same References with the same first author in the same order are arranged by year of publication, the earliest order are arranged by year of publication, the earliest first:first:

Cabading, J. R., & Wright, K. (2000).Cabading, J. R., & Wright, K. (2000).

Cabading, J. R., & Wright, K. (2001).Cabading, J. R., & Wright, K. (2001).



References with the same first author (or by the same two References with the same first author (or by the same two or more authors in the same order) with the same or more authors in the same order) with the same publication date are arranged alphabetically by the title publication date are arranged alphabetically by the title (excluding A or The) that follows the date:(excluding A or The) that follows the date:

Exception: If the references with the same authors Exception: If the references with the same authors published in the same year are identified as articles in a published in the same year are identified as articles in a series (e.g. Part1 and Part2),order the references in the series (e.g. Part1 and Part2),order the references in the same order, not alphabetically by title.same order, not alphabetically by title.

Baheti, J. R. (2001a). Control….Baheti, J. R. (2001a). Control….

Baheti, J. R. (2001b). Roles of…..Baheti, J. R. (2001b). Roles of…..



2. Order of several works by different first 2. Order of several works by different first authors with the same surnameauthors with the same surname

Works by different authors by the same Works by different authors by the same surname are arranged alphabetically by surname are arranged alphabetically by the first initialthe first initial..

Mathur, A. L. & Wallston, J. (1999). Mathur, A. L. & Wallston, J. (1999).

Mathur, S. E., & Ahlers, R. J.(1998). Mathur, S. E., & Ahlers, R. J.(1998).

(Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (2001) 4.04,

p.221)

Introduction to Introduction to APA Reference styleAPA Reference style

A. Examples of references A. Examples of references to periodicalsto periodicals

Journal article, one authorJournal article, one author. (4.16,A 1). (4.16,A 1)

Mellers, B. A. (2000). Choice and the relative pleasure of Mellers, B. A. (2000). Choice and the relative pleasure of consequences. consequences. Psychological Bulletin, 126, 910-924.Psychological Bulletin, 126, 910-924.


p.240)

Journal article, two authors, journal Journal article, two authors, journal paginated by issuepaginated by issue. (4.16,A 2). (4.16,A 2)

Klimoski, R., & Palmer, S. (1993). The ADA and the hiring Klimoski, R., & Palmer, S. (1993). The ADA and the hiring process in organizations. process in organizations. Consulting Psychology Journal: Consulting Psychology Journal: Practice and Research, 45(2), 10-36.Practice and Research, 45(2), 10-36.


p.240)

Journal article, more than six authorsJournal article, more than six authors. . (4.16,A 4)(4.16,A 4)

Wolchik, S. A., West, S. G., Sandler, I. N., Tein, J., Coatsworth, Wolchik, S. A., West, S. G., Sandler, I. N., Tein, J., Coatsworth, D., Lengua, L., et al. (2000). An experimental evaluation of D., Lengua, L., et al. (2000). An experimental evaluation of theory-based mother and mother-child programs for children theory-based mother and mother-child programs for children of divorce. of divorce. Journal of Consulting and Clinical PsychologyJournal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology , , 68, 843-856. 68, 843-856.

(Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (2001) 4.16, p.241)

Journal article, three to six authorsJournal article, three to six authors. (4.16,A . (4.16,A 3)3)

Saywitz, K. J., Mannarino, A.P., Berliner, L., & Saywitz, K. J., Mannarino, A.P., Berliner, L., &

Cohen, J. A. (2000). Treatment for sexually abused childrenCohen, J. A. (2000). Treatment for sexually abused children

and adolescents. and adolescents. American PsychologistAmerican Psychologist, 55, 1040-1049., 55, 1040-1049.


Journal article in pressJournal article in press. (4.16,A 5). (4.16,A 5)

Zuckerman, M., & Kieffer, S. C. (in press). Race differencesZuckerman, M., & Kieffer, S. C. (in press). Race differences

in face-ism: Does facial prominences imply dominance?in face-ism: Does facial prominences imply dominance?

Journal of Personality and Social PsychologyJournal of Personality and Social Psychology..


p.241)

Magazine article : (4.16,A 6)Magazine article : (4.16,A 6)

Armstrong, L., Yang, D. J., & Cuneo, A. (1994, February 28).Armstrong, L., Yang, D. J., & Cuneo, A. (1994, February 28).

The learning revolution: Technology is reshaping educationThe learning revolution: Technology is reshaping education

at home and at school. at home and at school. Business WeekBusiness Week, 3360, 80-88., 3360, 80-88.


p.241)

A daily newspaper article: (4.16 A 9)A daily newspaper article: (4.16 A 9)

Jackson, M. (1997, June 10). Dow flirts with 7500: TechJackson, M. (1997, June 10). Dow flirts with 7500: Tech

shares strong. shares strong. The Washington PostThe Washington Post, p. C2., p. C2.


p.242)

Entire issue or special section of a journal:Entire issue or special section of a journal:(4.16 A 12)(4.16 A 12)

Barlow, D.H. (Ed.). (1991). Diagnoses, dimensions, and DSM Barlow, D.H. (Ed.). (1991). Diagnoses, dimensions, and DSM IV: The science of classification [Special issue]. IV: The science of classification [Special issue]. Journal of Journal of abnormal Psychology,abnormal Psychology, 100(3) 100(3)


Monograph with issue number and serial Monograph with issue number and serial (or whole) number:(4.16 A 13)(or whole) number:(4.16 A 13)

Harris, P.L., & Kavanaugh, R.D. (1993). Young children’s Harris, P.L., & Kavanaugh, R.D. (1993). Young children’s understanding of pretense. Monographs of the Society for understanding of pretense. Monographs of the Society for research in Child Development, 58(1, Serial No.231).research in Child Development, 58(1, Serial No.231).


B.B. Examples of references toExamples of references toBooks, Brochures, &Books, Brochures, &

Book Chapter Book Chapter

Book, Third Edition, Jr. in Name (4.16, B Book, Third Edition, Jr. in Name (4.16, B 23) 23)

Strunk, W., Jr., & White, E. B. (1979). Strunk, W., Jr., & White, E. B. (1979). The elements of styleThe elements of style

(3rd ed.). New York: Macmillan.(3rd ed.). New York: Macmillan.


Edited Book (4.16, B 25) Edited Book (4.16, B 25)

Bremner, G., & Fogel, A. (Eds.). (2001).Bremner, G., & Fogel, A. (Eds.). (2001). Blackwell handbook Blackwell handbook

of infant development.of infant development. Malden, MA: Blackwell.Malden, MA: Blackwell.


Book, No Author or Editor (4.16, B 26) Book, No Author or Editor (4.16, B 26)

Art students international.Art students international. (1988). Princeton, NJ: Educational (1988). Princeton, NJ: Educational Publications International. Publications International.


Book, Revised EditionBook, Revised Edition (4.16, B 27) (4.16, B 27)

Cohen, J. (1977). Cohen, J. (1977). Manual labor and dream analysisManual labor and dream analysis (Rev. ed.). (Rev. ed.).

New York: Paradise Press.New York: Paradise Press.


Book, Several Volumes in a Multi-Volume Book, Several Volumes in a Multi-Volume Edited Work; Publication Dates Include Edited Work; Publication Dates Include

More Than One Year. (4.16, B 28)More Than One Year. (4.16, B 28)

Wilson, J. G., & Fraser, F. (Eds.). (1988-1990). Wilson, J. G., & Fraser, F. (Eds.). (1988-1990). Handbook of Handbook of

wizardswizards (Vols. 1-4). New York: Plenum Press. (Vols. 1-4). New York: Plenum Press.


Book, English Translation (4.16, B 32)Book, English Translation (4.16, B 32)

Luria, A. R. (1969). Luria, A. R. (1969). The mind of a mnemonistThe mind of a mnemonist (L. Solotaroff, (L. Solotaroff, Trans.). New York: Avon Books. (Original work published Trans.). New York: Avon Books. (Original work published 1965) 1965)


Chapter in an Edited BookChapter in an Edited Book (4.16, B 34)(4.16, B 34)

Berry, V. (1994). Redeeming the rap music experience. In J. S.Berry, V. (1994). Redeeming the rap music experience. In J. S.

Epstein (Ed.), Epstein (Ed.), Adolescents and their music: If it's too loud, Adolescents and their music: If it's too loud, you're too oldyou're too old (pp. 165-188). New York: Garland. (pp. 165-188). New York: Garland.


C. Technical and research reportsC. Technical and research reports

Report available from government printing Report available from government printing office (GPO), government institute as office (GPO), government institute as

authorauthor (4.16, C 41)(4.16, C 41)

U.S. Food and Drug Administration. (1987). U.S. Food and Drug Administration. (1987). Can herbs really Can herbs really heal?heal? (DHHS Publication No. FDA 87-1140). Rockville, MD: (DHHS Publication No. FDA 87-1140). Rockville, MD: Government printing office.Government printing office.


Report available from the Educational Report available from the Educational resources Information Center (ERIC) (4.16, resources Information Center (ERIC) (4.16,

C 43)C 43)

Gottfredson, L. S. (1980). Gottfredson, L. S. (1980). How valid are occupational How valid are occupational reinforcer pattern scores?reinforcer pattern scores? (Report No. CSOS-R-292) (Report No. CSOS-R-292) Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University, Center for Social Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University, Center for Social Organization of Schools. (ERIC Document Reproduction Organization of Schools. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED182465)Service No. ED182465)


D. Proceedings of D. Proceedings of Meetings & SymposiaMeetings & Symposia

Published proceedings, published Published proceedings, published contributions to a symposium, article or contributions to a symposium, article or

chapter in an edited book.(4.16,D 49)chapter in an edited book.(4.16,D 49)

Barlow, D. H., Chorpita, B. F., & Turovsky, J. (1996). Fear, Barlow, D. H., Chorpita, B. F., & Turovsky, J. (1996). Fear, panic, anxiety, and disorders of emotion. In R. Dienstbier panic, anxiety, and disorders of emotion. In R. Dienstbier (Ed.), (Ed.), Nebraska Symposium on Motivation: Vol. 43. Nebraska Symposium on Motivation: Vol. 43. Perspectives on anxiety, panic, and fearPerspectives on anxiety, panic, and fear (pp. 251-328). (pp. 251-328).

Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press.Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press.


Proceedings published regularly.(4.16,D 50)Proceedings published regularly.(4.16,D 50)

Wassenaar, L. I., & Hobson, K. A. (1998). Natal origins of Wassenaar, L. I., & Hobson, K. A. (1998). Natal origins of migratory monarch butterflies at wintering colonies in migratory monarch butterflies at wintering colonies in Mexico: New isotopic evidence. Mexico: New isotopic evidence. Proceedings of the National Proceedings of the National

Academy of SciencesAcademy of Sciences, USA, 95, 15436-15439., USA, 95, 15436-15439.


E. Doctoral Dissertations E. Doctoral Dissertations and Master’s Thesisand Master’s Thesis

Doctoral dissertation abstracted in Doctoral dissertation abstracted in Dissertation Abstracts International (DAI) Dissertation Abstracts International (DAI) and obtained on university microfilm .and obtained on university microfilm .

(4.16,E 54)(4.16,E 54)

Houseman, C. A. (1985). An investigation of nurses' Houseman, C. A. (1985). An investigation of nurses' interpersonal needs and their willingness to self-disclose. interpersonal needs and their willingness to self-disclose. Dissertation Abstracts International,Dissertation Abstracts International, 51 (01), 543B. 51 (01), 543B. (University Microfilms No. AAD93-15947) (University Microfilms No. AAD93-15947)


Doctoral dissertation abstracted in Doctoral dissertation abstracted in Dissertation Abstracts International (DAI) Dissertation Abstracts International (DAI)

and obtained from the universityand obtained from the university .(4.16,E .(4.16,E

55)55)

Gould, J. B. (1999). Symbolic Speech: Legal mobilization and Gould, J. B. (1999). Symbolic Speech: Legal mobilization and the rise of collegiate hate speech codes (Doctoral the rise of collegiate hate speech codes (Doctoral dissertation, University of Chicago, 1999). dissertation, University of Chicago, 1999). Dissertation Dissertation Abstracts International,Abstracts International, 60 (02), 533A. 60 (02), 533A.


Unpublished doctoral dissertation .(4.16,E Unpublished doctoral dissertation .(4.16,E

56)56)

Bernardi, R. A. (1990). Bernardi, R. A. (1990). Accounting pronouncements, firm size, Accounting pronouncements, firm size, and firm industry: Their effect on Altman's bankruptcy and firm industry: Their effect on Altman's bankruptcy prediction model.prediction model. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Nova Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Nova University, Fort Lauderdale, FL. University, Fort Lauderdale, FL.


Unpublished master’s thesis .(4.16,E 57)Unpublished master’s thesis .(4.16,E 57)

King, W. H. (1990). King, W. H. (1990). The celluloid librarian: The portrayal of The celluloid librarian: The portrayal of librarians in motion pictures.librarians in motion pictures. Unpublished master's thesis, Unpublished master's thesis,

University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill.University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill.


F. UNPUBLISHED WORK AND F. UNPUBLISHED WORK AND PUBLICATIONS OF LIMITEDPUBLICATIONS OF LIMITED

CIRCULATIONCIRCULATION

Unpublished manuscript not submitted for Unpublished manuscript not submitted for

publicationpublication .(4.16,F 58).(4.16,F 58)

Stinson, C., Milbrath, C., and Bucci, W. (1992). Stinson, C., Milbrath, C., and Bucci, W. (1992). Thematic Thematic segmentation of psychotherapy transcripts for convergent segmentation of psychotherapy transcripts for convergent

analyses.analyses. Unpublished manuscript Unpublished manuscript..


Unpublished manuscript with a university Unpublished manuscript with a university

citedcited (4.16,F 59)(4.16,F 59)

Depret, E. F. (1993). Depret, E. F. (1993). Perceiving the powerful: Intriguing Perceiving the powerful: Intriguing individuals versus threatening groups. individuals versus threatening groups. Unpublished Unpublished manuscript, University of Massachusetts at Amherst.manuscript, University of Massachusetts at Amherst.


Manuscript in progress or submitted for Manuscript in progress or submitted for

publication but not yet acceptedpublication but not yet accepted.(4.16,F (4.16,F

60)60)

McIntosh, D. N. (1998). McIntosh, D. N. (1998). Religion as schema, with implications Religion as schema, with implications for the relation between religion and coping.for the relation between religion and coping. Manuscript Manuscript submitted for publication.submitted for publication.


Unpublished raw data from study, untitled Unpublished raw data from study, untitled

workwork (4.16,F 61) (4.16,F 61)

Bordi, F., and LeDoux, J. E. (1993). [Auditory response Bordi, F., and LeDoux, J. E. (1993). [Auditory response latencies in rat auditory cortex], Unpublished raw data.latencies in rat auditory cortex], Unpublished raw data.


Publication of limited circulationPublication of limited circulation.(4.16,F 62) (4.16,F 62)

Klombers, N. (Ed.). (1993, Spring). ADAA Reporter. (Available Klombers, N. (Ed.). (1993, Spring). ADAA Reporter. (Available from the Anxiety Disorders Association of America, 6000 from the Anxiety Disorders Association of America, 6000 Executive Boulevard, Suite 513, Rockville, MD 20852)Executive Boulevard, Suite 513, Rockville, MD 20852)


G. REVIEWSG. REVIEWS

Book review.(4.16,G 63) Book review.(4.16,G 63)

Labinger, J.A. (2005). Two-dimensional science. [Review of Labinger, J.A. (2005). Two-dimensional science. [Review of the Book the Book Mad, bad and dangerous? The scientist and the Mad, bad and dangerous? The scientist and the

cinemacinema]. Science, 310, 1770-1771.]. Science, 310, 1770-1771.


Motion picture review.(4.16,G 64) Motion picture review.(4.16,G 64)

Ansen, D. (2002, March 11). Braveheart of darkness. [Review of the motion Picture We were soldiers], Newsweek, 139(10), 63.


H. AUDIO-VISUAL MEDIAH. AUDIO-VISUAL MEDIA

Television broadcast .(4.16,H 66) Television broadcast .(4.16,H 66)

Crystal, L. (Executive Producer). (1993, October 11). Crystal, L. (Executive Producer). (1993, October 11). The The MacNeil/Lehrer news hourMacNeil/Lehrer news hour. New York and Washington, DC: . New York and Washington, DC: Public Broadcasting Service.Public Broadcasting Service.


Television seriesTelevision series .(4.16,H 67) .(4.16,H 67)

Miller, R. (Producer). (1989). Miller, R. (Producer). (1989). The mindThe mind. New York: . New York: WNET. WNET.


Single episode from a television series .Single episode from a television series .(4.16,H 68) (4.16,H 68)

Restak, R. M. (1989). The rules of the game (J. Bender, Restak, R. M. (1989). The rules of the game (J. Bender, Director). In J. Sander (Producer), Director). In J. Sander (Producer), I’II fly awayI’II fly away. New York: . New York: New York Broadcasting Company.New York Broadcasting Company.


I. ELECTRONIC MEDIAI. ELECTRONIC MEDIA

Article in an Internet-only journal .(4.16,I Article in an Internet-only journal .(4.16,I 72) 72)

Kawasaki, J. L., & Raven, M.R. (1995). Computer-administered Kawasaki, J. L., & Raven, M.R. (1995). Computer-administered surveys in extension. Journal of Extension, 33, 252-255. surveys in extension. Journal of Extension, 33, 252-255. Retrieved June 2, 1999, from Retrieved June 2, 1999, from

http://joe.org/joe/index.htmlhttp://joe.org/joe/index.html


Article in an Internet-only newsletter .Article in an Internet-only newsletter .(4.16,I 74) (4.16,I 74)

Marshall, J.V., Lightfoot, G.M., King, C., Andrews, J.A., Marshall, J.V., Lightfoot, G.M., King, C., Andrews, J.A., Dion, C., Durante, J., et al. (1999, May). 10 Reasons why Dion, C., Durante, J., et al. (1999, May). 10 Reasons why we need reference librarians in an information age. we need reference librarians in an information age. The The New Breed Librarian,New Breed Librarian, 3 (5). Retrieved from 3 (5). Retrieved from http://www.newlibreedlibrarian. http://www.newlibreedlibrarian. org/subscribe/newlettr_3.htmlorg/subscribe/newlettr_3.html


Stand-alone document, no author Stand-alone document, no author identified, no date .(4.16,I 77) identified, no date .(4.16,I 77)

GVU's 8th WWW user survey. (n.d.). Retrieved August 8, GVU's 8th WWW user survey. (n.d.). Retrieved August 8, 2000, from http://www.cc.gatech.edu/ Gvu/user_survey-2000, from http://www.cc.gatech.edu/ Gvu/user_survey-1997-10 1997-10


U.S. Government report available on U.S. Government report available on government agency website, no government agency website, no publication date indicated (4.16,I 80) publication date indicated (4.16,I 80)

United States Sentencing Commission. (n.d.). 1997 United States Sentencing Commission. (n.d.). 1997 sourcebook of federal sentencing statistics.sourcebook of federal sentencing statistics. Retrieved Retrieved December 8, 1999, from http://www.ussc.gov/annrpt/ December 8, 1999, from http://www.ussc.gov/annrpt/ 1997/sbtoc97.htm 1997/sbtoc97.htm


Message posted to a news group. (4.16,I Message posted to a news group. (4.16,I 85) 85)

Chalmers, D. (2000, November 17). Seeing with sound Chalmers, D. (2000, November 17). Seeing with sound [Msg 1]. Message posted to [Msg 1]. Message posted to news://sci.psychology.consciousness news://sci.psychology.consciousness


Electronic copy of an abstract obtained from Electronic copy of an abstract obtained from a secondary database (4.16,I 90) a secondary database (4.16,I 90)

Fournier, M., de Ridder, D., & Bensing, J. (1999). Fournier, M., de Ridder, D., & Bensing, J. (1999). Optimism and adaptation to multiple sclerosis: What Optimism and adaptation to multiple sclerosis: What does optimism mean? does optimism mean? Journal of Behavioral Medicine, Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 22, 22, 303-326. Abstract retrieved October 23, 2000, from 303-326. Abstract retrieved October 23, 2000, from PsycINFO database. PsycINFO database.


Data file , available from government Data file , available from government agency agency

(4.16,I 94) (4.16,I 94)

National Health Interview Survey--Current health topics: National Health Interview Survey--Current health topics: 1991--Longitudinal study of aging1991--Longitudinal study of aging (Version 4) [Data (Version 4) [Data file]. Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health file]. Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics Statistics


Data file , available from NTIS Website Data file , available from NTIS Website

(4.16,I 95) (4.16,I 95)

Department of Health and Human Services, National Center Department of Health and Human Services, National Center for Health Statistics. (1991). for Health Statistics. (1991). National Health Provider National Health Provider Inventory: Home health agencies and hospices, 1991Inventory: Home health agencies and hospices, 1991 [Data file]. Available from National Technical [Data file]. Available from National Technical Information Service Web site, http://www.ntis.gov Information Service Web site, http://www.ntis.gov


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References & Citations Based on Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (APA) COSC 690