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Abshire, David, 50, 58Acheson, Dean, 144, 376Ackley, H. Gardner, 310Ad Hoc Group on Economic Policies,
26Africa, 214, 221, 314Agnew, Spiro T., 243, 245, 454
Greece:Agnew’s visit, 320, 325, 326, 328Constantine’s meeting with Agnew,
326, 328Constantine’s return issue, 283,
326, 328Public relations by, 298U.S. Ambassador, appointment of,
252Greece’s political liberalization:
Agnew’s visit and, 320, 325, 328Elections issue, 252, 298U.S.-Greek discussions re, 298, 325,
328U.S. insistence on political reform
as condition for resumption ofmilitary assistance, 283
Greece’s resumed receipt of U.S.military assistance:
NSC study re, 261Phantom aircraft, 327U.S. insistence on political reform
as condition for resumption ofassistance, 283
Tasca, Nixon-Agnew discussion re,326
Turkey, 456Ahlers, Conrad, 42, 45Akalovsky, Alexander, 221, 222, 232,
234Akbay, Celal, 454, 457Akcer, Muammer, 421Akyamac, Asim, 446Albania, 24, 26Algeria, 221Allen, Richard, 106American Council for Private
International Communications,Inc., 52, 53, 57, 58
Anastassiou, T.K., 343
Anderson, Robert B., 203Androutsopoulos, Adamantios, 269Angelis, Lt. Gen. Odysseus, 239, 247,
255, 259, 269, 293, 303, 304, 310,314, 319, 335, 337
Argyropoulos, Gen. Archimedes, 239
Arim, Resat, 446, 450Armitage, John, 66, 416Arms control. See European security
issue; Mutual and Balanced ForceReductions; Strategic ArmsLimitation Talks.
Armstrong, Hamilton Fish, 220Ash, Russell, 13, 80, 137, 195Aslanides, Constantine, 269, 352, 383Athenagoras, 314, 456Austria:
Anti-Nixon demonstrations, 69Army reorganization, 70Chinese representation at United
Nations issue, 66Eastern Europe, views on, 63European Community and, 63, 68European security issue, views on,
68, 70, 71Mutual and Balanced Force
Reductions, views on, 68, 70, 71
Nixon’s meeting with Klaus, 62Nixon’s visit, 67, 68, 69Radical youth problem, 70Soviet Union, relations with, 64Strategic Arms Limitation Talks,
views on, 63, 65, 70Terrorism policy, 71U.S. military assistance to, 64, 70U.S.-Soviet-Chinese relations and,
65Vietnam War, views on, 68, 71Yugoslavia, relations with, 70
Austrian, Michael, 370, 416Averof, Evangelos, 271Azinas, Andreas, 351
Babacek, 79Baer, Brig. Gen. John W., 421
1133
IndexReferences are to document numbers
310-567/B428-S/11006
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Bahr, Egon, 42, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 56, 144Baker, John A., Jr., 58, 78, 81, 82, 91, 141,
144Ball, George, 376Bangladesh, 454Barbour, Robert, 319Barnes, Harry G., Jr., 199Barrett, Edward, 61Bartlett, Charles, 39, 43Bashev, Ivan, 72, 73, 74Bayar, Celal, 423Bayulken, Haluk, 413, 452, 454, 457Beam, Jacob, 28, 79, 80, 86Bebler, Alex, 223Bekata, Hifzi Oguz, 423Belcher, Taylor G., 341, 342Belgium, 276Bellman, Henry, 73Ben Bella, Ahmed, 221Bergsten, C. Fred, 9, 20, 21, 22, 85, 113,
150, 190, 197, 430, 434Bhutto, Zulfikar Ali, 454Binh, Madame, 221, 234Blee, David, 51, 310Blood, Archer, 239, 247Bodossakis, Athanassiadis, 311, 317Bogdan, Corneliu, 177, 180, 189, 190,
192, 195, 197, 203, 206, 207, 210, 213Bohlen, Charles, 77Borman, Frank, 5Boster, 175Boumediene, Houari, 221Bow, Frank T., 28Boyatt, Thomas, 348, 374, 376, 378, 380,
382, 383, 384, 385, 386, 398, 407, 416Brandt, Willy, 17, 68, 155, 322
Polish-FRG Treaty, 135, 136, 138, 140,141, 167, 172
Radio Free Europe, 36, 40, 42, 44, 45,46, 48, 49
Bray, Charles, 332Brett, Brig. Gen. Devol, 322, 376Brewster, H. Daniel, 239, 241, 243, 244,
247, 248Brezhnev, Leonid, 70, 97, 98, 99, 102,
166, 172, 183, 192, 194, 229, 231,232, 233, 234, 238
Broe, William, 57Brooke, Edward, 22, 205Brosio, Manlio, 283, 368, 369Brown, John, III, 9Brown, R.L., 86, 383Buckley, William F., Jr., 38, 39Bulc, Marko, 221, 223
Bulgaria (see also Eastern Europe):Consular convention with United
States, 75, 76European security issue, views on, 72Official delegation visit to United
States, proposed, 75Political and economic changes, 73Torbert’s protocol call on Zhivkov, 73U.S. broadcasting into, 74U.S. economic/trade relations with,
24, 26, 27, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76Bull, Stephen, 174Bunche, Ralph, 346Bush, George H.W., 370, 414, 456Butterfield, Alexander P., 5, 242
Caglayangil, Ihsan Sabri, 340, 342, 349,420, 430, 433, 439, 446
Cambodia, 195Cargo, William I., 4, 256, 272Casaroli, Cardinal, 117, 118, 123Case, Clifford, 50, 51, 53, 305Cash, Frank E., Jr., 342, 348, 357, 367,
419, 420, 427, 429, 431, 438Castro, Fidel, 172Cattakis, Michael, 295Ceausescu, Nicolae, 187, 189, 192, 194,
206, 207, 209, 210, 212, 213, 214Nixon’s correspondence with, 211,
212, 215Nixon’s meetings with, 180, 183, 184,
199Nixon’s visit to Romania, 7, 176, 180,
183, 184Soviet-Romanian relations, 177, 183,
199U.S. visit, 198, 199
Celac, Sergiu, 192, 199, 213Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (see
also Helms, Richard):Cyprus, 350Greece, 253, 314Polish political unrest of 1970, 144,
145Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty:
Covert CIA funding, 28, 29, 30, 31,34, 52, 53
FRG-U.S. confrontation re, 37, 41,42, 46, 48, 49
Termination option, 33Turkey, 428, 442, 451
Chaban-Delmas, Jacques, 185Chapin, Dwight L., 155, 157, 159, 167Chapin, Frank, 10, 35, 51
1134 Index
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Chapman, Gen. Leonard, 277Cheli, Monsignor, 114, 117, 118, 119,
120, 123China, People’s Republic of, 405, 415
African nations, relations with, 221Finnish views on, 100, 104Poland, relations with, 132South Asia situation, 232Soviet Union, relations with, 183, 192U.N. representation issue, 66U.S.-Romanian discussions re, 183,
192, 199, 206, 210U.S.-Soviet-Chinese relations, 65U.S.-Yugoslav discussions re, 232, 238
Chnoupek, Bohuslav, 90, 91Chou En-lai, 192, 199Christian Science Monitor, 253Christiansen, Richard D., 66Christodoulou, Miltides, 351Churchill, George, 313, 367, 416Clay, Gen. Lucius D., 28, 51, 58Clerides, Glafkos, 340, 341, 343, 351,
355, 362, 363, 373, 374, 392, 402,405, 415, 417
Cleveland, J. Harland, 4Cline, Ray S., 46Coerr, Wymberley DeR., 41, 47, 53, 57Colbert, James L., 2Colson, Charles, 126, 167Commission on International Trade and
Investment, 20Conference on Security and
Cooperation in Europe (CSCE). SeeEuropean security issue.
Congress, U.S.:Czechoslovak gold/claims issue,
83Eastern Europe: Nixon’s 1970 report
to Congress re, 7U.S. economic/trade relations with,
3, 9, 17, 20, 21Greece:
Congressional staffers’ visit, 303Political liberalization, 239Resumed receipt of U.S. military
assistance, 247, 256, 257, 268,278, 282, 287, 293, 319, 320, 322
U.S. homeporting of Naval taskforce in, 332, 335
Narcotics control, 443, 448Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty:
Covert CIA funding, 28Interim funding or liquidation
dilemma, 57
Congress, U.S.—ContinuedRadio Free Europe/Radio Liberty—
ContinuedPublic funding, 50, 51, 52, 53, 58,
59Study commission for, 60
Romania, U.S. economic/traderelations with, 181, 188, 199, 200,203, 204, 205, 213
Turkey, 443, 448Yugoslavia, 235
Connally, John, 234, 444, 445, 448, 454Constantine II, exiled King of Greece,
243, 300Cyprus, 418Greece:
Constantine, U.S. policy toward,301, 308, 310, 315, 319
Constantine’s meeting with Agnew,326, 328
Constantine’s meeting with Tasca,319
Constantine’s proposed meetingwith Papadopoulos, 280
Constantine’s relations withmilitary government, 259
Constantine’s return issue, 240,242, 244, 245, 267, 280, 283,285, 299, 309, 312, 314, 326,328, 334
Constantine’s U.S. visit, 244, 245Political liberalization, 244, 319,
328Resumed receipt of U.S. military
assistance, 244, 267, 319U.S. Ambassador, appointment of,
254, 259Costa Gavras, Constantine, 298Cottakis, Michael, 298Council of Europe, 239, 264Crane, Kent, 310Crawford, William, 340, 343, 348, 381,
383, 390, 395, 415Crnobrnja, Bogdan, 221, 231Cuba, 172, 230, 235Cushman, Lt. Gen. Robert E., Jr., 33, 51,
57, 144, 310, 376Cyprus (see also Cyprus’ intercommunal
conflict), 356, 412Assassination attempts against
Makarios, 350, 351, 352, 353, 355,383
Communist influence in, 355, 360,383, 391
Index 1135
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Cyprus (see also Cyprus’ intercommunalconflict)—Continued
Coup against Makarios, U.S.contingency planning for, 354
Crisis of 1972:Bishops’ demand for Makarios’
resignation, 407, 410, 415Czech arms importation by
Makarios, 389, 392Ending of, 409, 410, 414Greek response, 391, 395, 396, 398,
403, 405, 406Hellenism issue, 408Makarios’ management of, 403NSC/WSAG consideration of, 394,
397, 398, 401, 402, 405Soviet Union and, 398, 400, 402,
404, 405Tasca’s post-crisis assessment,
411U.N. involvement, 398, 399, 402,
405, 406, 409, 410U.S. Embassy assessments, 390,
395, 400, 410U.S.-Greek consultations re, 394,
396U.S. instructions to Ambassadors,
399, 405Grivas insurgency, 379, 383, 384, 389,
392, 393, 403, 410, 415, 417, 418Intracommunal violence among
Greek Cypriots, 353Makarios’ initial meeting with
Popper, 344Makarios’ meeting with Grivas,
413Makarios’ political standing, 355Makarios resignation issue, 407, 410,
415Middle East, views on, 360Nixon’s meeting with Makarios, 357,
358, 359, 360Soviet policy toward, 319, 354, 355,
376, 378, 379State Department roundtable
discussion re, 416Terrorist situation, 347, 353Turkish Cypriot community’s internal
political situation, 386Turkish policy re, 428, 454Turkish-U.S. relations and, 422
Cyprus’ intercommunal conflict, 242Assassination attempts against
Makarios and, 355
Cyprus’ intercommunal conflict—Continued
Central intercommunal institutionalstructure issue, 363
Constitutional compromise, Greekproposal for, 373
Deconfrontation proposal, 386, 388,390
Denktash’s views on, 386Economic issues, 341Greek-Greek Cypriot rift re, 379,
390Greek policy re, 314Greek-Turkish bilateral settlement
option, 364, 365, 369, 371Greek-Turkish cooperation against
Makarios, 383Independent mediation option, 376,
378Lack of progress in resolving conflict,
dangers of, 343Local autonomy issue, 340, 344, 374London-Zurich Agreement, 345, 379,
405, 416Makarios’ hard-line position re, 361,
362Makarios’ program to deal with, 392Military confrontation, increased risk
of, 346Negotiations by communities (see also
U.N. mediation effort below), 366,373, 374, 377, 378, 382, 413, 414,415
Nicosia co-existence issue, 416Normalization issue, 386Partition and annexation (double
enosis) option, 345, 352, 367, 368,369, 374, 379, 413
Police and judiciary issues, 344Turkish military intervention,
possible, 379U.N. mediation effort, 376, 377, 378,
379, 380, 381, 385, 386, 387, 393U.N. military presence (UNFICYP),
344, 345, 385, 387, 388U.S. alleged pro-Turkish bias, 370U.S.-Cypriot discussions re, 344, 345,
362, 386U.S.-Greek discussions re, 379, 382U.S. mediation option, 376, 378U.S. policy on, 357, 365, 369U.S. policy review, 372, 375, 376, 378,
380U.S. summary of developments, 368
1136 Index
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Cyprus’ intercommunal conflict—Continued
U.S.-Turkish diplomaticcommunications re, 342, 348
U.S.-Turkish discussions re, 349, 385,413
Violent incidents, U.S. contingencyplans for, 378
Cyrankiewicz, Jozef, 140Czechoslovakia (see also Eastern
Europe):Air Transport Agreement with
United States, 89Arms sales to Cyprus, 389Catalytic cracking technology from
United States, 151Conservative hardliners’ comeback, 78Consular convention with United
States, 90, 91, 93, 94Cultural exchanges with United
States, 86, 91, 93Gold/claims issue, 80, 81, 83, 84, 85,
87, 90Husak’s accession to power, 81, 82Radio Free Europe, 28Scientific and technological
cooperation with United States,91, 93
Soviet invasion of, 1, 2, 77, 86, 132,177
U.S.-Czechoslovak expulsions ofdiplomats, 88
U.S. economic/trade relations with,24, 26, 27, 79, 80, 85, 86, 90, 91
U.S. NSSM/CIEPSM study onnegotiation strategy, 92, 93, 94
Damaskinos, Archbishop, 333Damianos, Cleanthis, 271Dapcevic, Vlado, 228David, Edward E., Jr., 148, 150, 151, 170,
173, 174, 175Davies, Richard, 10, 57, 118, 139, 141,
330, 378Davies, Rodger P., 263, 275, 276, 277,
286, 292, 305, 306, 313, 316, 327,330, 332, 356, 357, 367, 371, 373,378, 383, 384, 399, 407, 416, 455,457, 458
Davis, Jeanne W., 152, 256, 257, 295,301, 376, 380
Davis, Richard, 176, 178Davis, Thomas W., Jr., 354, 357, 358,
365, 367, 369, 373
Defense Intelligence Agency, 253DeGaulle, Charles, 102, 143, 183Demetracopoulos, Elias P., 248, 279, 316,
321, 322Demirel, Suleyman, 364, 423, 430, 431,
432, 434, 436, 437, 439, 440, 441,448, 458
Nixon’s meeting with, 419, 420Denktash, Rauf, 340, 341, 343, 344, 362,
363, 373, 374, 378, 379, 388, 415Meetings with U.S. officials, 386
Denmark, 99, 276, 287, 289Dent, Harry, 125De Palma, Samuel, 103Dillon, Robert, 416, 452, 455, 458Dobrowolski, Stanislaw, 35Dobrynin, Anatoli F., 156, 157, 177, 329,
330Dole, Robert, 125Downey, Arthur, 124, 138, 198, 427, 442Dran, Jonathan, 44Draper, Morris, 383Drndic, Ante, 221Dubcek, Alexander, 63, 78, 81DuBridge, Lee A., 6, 11, 138, 183, 186,
187Dubs, Adolph, 1, 189Duckwitz, Georg F., 41, 44, 45, 52, 134Durkee, William P., 28, 36
Eagleburger, Lawrence S., 176, 248Eastern Europe:
Austrian views on, 63Greek relations with, 314Narcotics control, 26Nixon’s 1970 report to Congress
re, 7Polish political unrest and, 144, 147Scientific and technological
cooperation with United States,6, 11, 18
U.S. economic/trade relations with,1, 2, 3, 4, 9, 12, 17, 19, 20, 21, 22,23, 24, 25, 26, 27
U.S. official visits to, 5U.S. port security policy re, 8, 13, 15,
16U.S. program to “cause trouble” in,
10Ecevit, Bulent, 458Edwards, Don, 239Ehmke, Horst, 36, 42, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48,
49Ehrlichman, John, 9, 427, 434
Index 1137
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Eisenhower, Dwight D., 158, 177, 420Eisenhower, Milton S., 53, 61Elekdag, Sukru, 421Elez, Jova, 228Eliot, Theodore L., Jr., 54, 59, 87, 94,
128, 147, 148, 152, 173, 200, 294,328, 353, 368, 374, 381, 439
Ellender, Allen J., 51, 52, 53, 55, 56Ellsworth, Robert, 255, 287Enckell, Ralph, 97, 99Enders, Thomas O., 1Erim, Nihat, 314, 364, 374, 414, 442, 444,
446, 447, 448, 449, 450, 451, 453, 457Nixon’s meeting with, 454
Esenbel, Melih, 385, 420, 429, 433, 438,443, 452, 457
European security issue:Austrian views on, 68, 70, 71Bulgarian views on, 72Finnish views on, 96, 97, 99, 100, 102,
103Hungarian views on, 115Polish views on, 132, 133, 148, 163,
167, 172Romanian views on, 192, 195, 199,
206, 207, 215Yugoslav views on, 220, 238
Evans, Rowland, 28, 29, 321Evans, Tom, 254Evdokas, Takis, 351
Feldman, Harvey J., 66Feron, James, 167Fessenden, Russell, 41, 42, 44, 135, 136Finch, Robert, 225Findley, Paul, 235Finke-Ossiander, Renate, 35, 134Finland:
Atomic power plant construction, 97,101
China, views on, 100, 104European security issue, views on,
96, 97, 99, 100, 102, 103“Finlandization” concept, 105Kekkonen’s U.S. visit, 99, 100, 101Kissinger’s assessment of, 95, 99Middle East, views on, 96, 100, 102Mutual and Balanced Force
Reductions, views on, 103Neutrality of, 99Nordic economic union, 99Political situation, 99Soviet Union, relations with, 95, 97,
98, 99, 100, 101, 102
Finland—ContinuedStrategic Arms Limitation Talks,
views on, 96, 99, 100, 102Trade policy, 99U.S.-Soviet relations, views on, 102,
104Vietnam War, views on, 96, 97, 100,
102, 105Fischer, C.W., 30Flanigan, Peter, 20, 24, 25, 26, 27, 92,
129, 168, 169, 170, 173Folsom, Robert S., 342, 346, 348Folten, Gen. Ferdinand, 7040 Committee, 37, 47, 51, 53, 57, 59Frackiewicz, Ryszard, 137France, 185, 276, 281Fraser, Donald, 239Frelek, Ryszard, 153, 172Fulbright, J. William, 51, 58, 59, 60, 61,
64, 255, 303
Gandhi, Indira, 232, 458Gardner, James, 286Gardner, John W., 28, 29, 30General Agreement on Tariffs and
Trade (GATT), 181, 190, 199, 205
Georgalas, George, 302, 303George II, King of Greece, 239Georkatzis, Polykarpos, 347, 350, 351,
352, 353, 355, 383German Democratic Republic (GDR),
24, 26Germany, Federal Republic of (FRG),
103, 264, 276, 322Ostpolitik policy, 17, 144, 145Polish-FRG Treaty, 130, 131, 133, 134,
135, 136, 137, 138, 140, 141, 146,148, 156, 163, 167, 172
Radio Free Europe, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39,40, 41, 42, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49,51, 56
Soviet Union, relations with, 144, 145,199
Gierek, Edward, 159, 168, 169, 172Accession to power in Poland, 143,
144, 145Correspondence with Nixon, 175Nixon’s visit to Poland, 155, 162, 164,
165, 166U.S.-Polish relations, views on,
153Giese, Arthur, 370Gilpatric, Roswell L., 28
1138 Index
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Gomulka, Wladyslaw, 10, 26, 130, 131,143, 144, 145, 147
Goold, Robert, 327Grace, Peter, Jr., 28Graner, Ralph H., 2Granfil, Toma, 221, 231Grechko, Marshal Andrei A., 98, 237Greece (see also Cyprus; Cyprus’
intercommunal conflict; Greece’spolitical liberalization; Greece’sresumed receipt of U.S. militaryassistance):
Agnew’s visit, 320, 325, 326, 328Anti-Americanism in, 317Arms purchases from non-U.S.
sources, 281Congressional staffers’ visit, 303Constantine, U.S. policy toward, 301,
308, 310, 315, 319Constantine’s meeting with Agnew,
326, 328Constantine’s meeting with Tasca,
319Constantine’s proposed meeting with
Papadopoulos, 280Constantine’s relations with military
government, 259Constantine’s return issue, 240, 242,
244, 245, 267, 280, 283, 285, 299,309, 312, 314, 326, 328, 334
Constantine’s U.S. visit, 244, 245Corruption problem, 317, 337Council of Europe, withdrawal from,
264Coup plan against Papadopoulos,
possible, 352Economic situation, 239, 272, 314European relations (see also NATO-
Greece relationship underGreece’s political liberalization),273, 276, 314
Laird’s meeting with Papadopoulos,293
Libya, relations with, 322Middle East, views on, 295Military government, 239, 269, 273,
302, 307, 314, 333Military situation, 253Nixon-Papadopoulos
correspondence, 274, 277, 278Papandreou’s proposed meeting with
Kissinger, 248Political opposition, U.S. contacts
with, 316, 317, 321
Greece—ContinuedPublic opinion, Silva’s report on,
317Public relations by, 298Spain, relations with, 297, 300Strategic importance to United States,
257Tasca’s departure as Ambassador, 338Tasca’s initial call on Papadopoulos,
268Turkey, relations with, 293, 314Universities, condition of, 317U.S. Ambassador, appointment of,
252, 254, 259U.S. homeporting of Naval task force
in, 329, 330, 331, 332, 335, 339,453
U.S. military activities in (see also U.S.homeporting of Naval task forceabove), 313
U.S. official visits, restrictions on, 318,321, 322
Violence against Americans in, 305Vitsaxis’ presentation of credentials,
263Vlachou’s proposed meeting with
Kissinger, 279Greece’s political liberalization:
Agnew’s visit and, 320, 325, 328Businessmen’s role, 311Congressional interest in, 239Constantine’s proposed return and,
285“Cosmetic” gestures by Greek
government, 304, 310Council of Europe and, 239, 264Elections issue, 250, 252, 275, 290,
296, 298, 311, 312Future prospects, U.S. reports re, 272,
302, 314Ioannidis’ views on, 271Johnson Administration policy, 257Martial law issue, 296McClelland’s views on, 239, 247, 255NATO-Greece relationship and, 239,
255, 256, 264, 268, 276, 287, 314
Nixon’s personal encouragement of,320, 323
NSC consideration of, 256, 257, 261
Outside agitation for, 257, 258Papadopoulos’ assumption of
regency and, 333, 334, 336
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Greece’s political liberalization—Continued
Papadopoulos’ views on, 274, 325Pappas’ views on, 309Political prisoners issue, 255, 263,
264, 271, 283, 317, 325Tasca’s instructions for dealing with
Greek government re, 262, 265,270, 283
Tasca’s views on, 273, 275, 302Timetable for, 255, 263, 264, 275U.S. covert activities in support of,
286, 290U.S.-Greek discussions re, 241, 244,
245, 250, 260, 263, 264, 268, 271, 289, 293, 298, 319, 325, 328
U.S. homeporting of Naval task forcein Greece and, 332
U.S. insistence on political reform ascondition for resumption ofmilitary assistance, 282, 283, 284,287, 288, 289
U.S. national security issue, 257U.S. policy on liberalization
following resumption of militaryassistance, 301, 306, 308, 310, 319,323
Greece’s resumed receipt of U.S.military assistance:
Announcement of decision re, 277,292
Congressional interest in, 247, 256,257, 268, 278, 282, 287, 293, 319,320, 322
Constantine’s views on, 267Delays in resumption, Greek
response to, 281, 289HAWK missile system, 322Johnson Administration policy, 257McClelland’s views on, 239, 247, 255Middle East situation and, 291National Security Decision
Memoranda re, 262, 272, 284NATO’s attitude toward, 276, 278,
283NSC study re, 246, 251, 256, 257, 261Phantom aircraft, 294, 322, 327, 453Tasca’s instructions for dealing with
Greek government re, 262, 265,270, 283
Tasca’s views on, 273, 289Under Secretaries Committee’s
recommendations re, 277, 278
Greece’s resumed receipt of U.S.military assistance—Continued
U.S.-Greek discussions re, 241, 243,244, 245, 250, 260, 268, 281, 289,293, 319
U.S. insistence on political reform ascondition for resumption ofassistance, 282, 283, 284, 287, 288,289
U.S. national security issue, 249, 251,256, 257, 272
U.S. preliminary work re, 266Vietnam War and, 324
Greenewalt, Crawford H., 28Greenwald, Joseph, 2Grivas, Lt. Gen. Georgios (see also
Grivas insurgency under Cyprus),379, 394, 403, 413
Gromyko, Andrei, 8, 13, 63, 199, 228,232
Gronouski, John A., 28, 61Gruber, Karl, 67, 69, 71Gruenther, Gen. Alfred, 28Guerassimov, Luben, 72, 73Guillion, Edmond A., 61Guthrie, D. Keith, 51, 144, 310
Haider, Michael H., 28Haig, Brig. Gen. Alexander M., Jr., 10,
22, 24, 31, 48, 57, 58, 66, 89, 92, 94,125, 126, 129, 150, 152, 173, 198,200, 210, 222, 225, 232, 235, 251,254, 292, 301, 320, 323, 328, 393,398, 402, 404, 405, 426, 440, 442,454, 456
Poland:FRG-Polish Treaty, 163Nixon’s proposed meeting with
Wyszynski, 159, 160, 161, 162
Nixon’s visit, 155, 156, 159, 160,161, 162
Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty, 50Haile Selassie, Emperor of Ethiopia, 217Haldeman, H.R., 67, 155, 156, 159, 164,
174Handley, William, 248
Cyprus crisis of 1972, 399, 405Cyprus’ intercommunal conflict, 342,
348, 364, 413, 414Turkey:
Anti-Western attitudes in, 435Ecumenical Patriarchate succession,
455
1140 Index
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Handley, William—ContinuedTurkey—Continued
Handley’s meeting with Demirel,458
Kidnappings of U.S. airmen, 440Narcotics control, 425, 426, 427,
431, 433, 435, 436, 442, 443,446, 447, 448, 449, 450, 458
Political situation, 458U.S. military assistance to, 438U.S. military presence in, 435
Hannah, John, 186, 454Haralambopoulos, Lt. Gen.
Haralambos, 388, 389, 390, 392, 409
Haralambous, Costas, 351Hardin, Clifford M., 9, 186Hare, Ray, 342Harriman, W. Averell, 221Harris, Fred R., 204Hartke, Vance, 106, 325Hartman, Arthur, 277Hays, Wayne, 319, 325Heinemann, Gustav W., 45Helman, Gerald B., 349Helms, Richard, 28, 380
Cyprus, 359Greece, 283, 304Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty:
Covert CIA funding, 30, 52Interim funding or liquidation
dilemma, 52, 55Public funding, 50, 52
Herz, Martin F., 66, 386, 398, 416Hill, Robert C., 267, 300Hillenbrand, Martin J., 28, 47, 58, 66, 86,
96, 101, 105, 108, 110, 133, 166, 221,227, 230, 329, 349
Greece, 276Hungary, 106, 107Poland, 135, 136, 144Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty:
FRG-U.S. confrontation re, 40, 46Public funding, 51, 54
Ho Chi Minh, 96, 192Hoffman, Fred, 402Holdridge, John, 57Homme, Robert O., 241Hormats, Robert, 24, 89, 129, 152, 168,
235Hoskinson, Samuel, 323, 376, 380Houston, Robert B., Jr., 73Hughes, Paul, 96Hume, Lord, 298
Humes, John, 65, 66Hungary (see also Eastern Europe), 143
Amortization of surplus propertydebt, 107, 108, 112
Bilateral problems with UnitedStates, review and examinationof, 107, 108, 109, 111, 112, 115,121
Claims settlement agreement withUnited States, 129
Crown of St. Stephen issue, 116, 125,126
European security issue, views on,115
IMF membership issue, 113Mindszenty affair, 106, 114, 116, 117,
118, 119, 120, 122, 123, 124, 128Radio Free Europe, 28Rogers’ visit, 127, 128U.S. astronauts’ visit, rejection of, 110,
111U.S. economic/trade relations with,
24, 26, 27, 108, 109, 128Vietnam War, views on, 127Zhivkov’s views on, 73
Husak, Gustav, 78, 81, 82Hussein, King of Jordan, 221Hyland, William, 144Hyvarinen, Risto, 97, 98, 101, 103
Iakovos, Archbishop, 455, 456India, 232, 448Ingersoll, Jack, 425, 436Inonu, Ismet, 423, 428, 458International Committee on Space
Research, 5International Monetary Fund (IMF),
434Hungary membership issue, 113
Ioannides, Costas, 351Ioannides, Odysseas, 351Ioannidis, Lt. Col. Dimitrios, 269, 271Ionita, Gheorghe, 203Ipsarides, Elias, 383Irwin, James, 345Irwin, John N., II, 129, 144, 146, 154,
227, 359, 398Cyprus crisis of 1972, 402, 405Cyprus’ intercommunal conflict, 365,
369, 376, 380, 384Turkey, 443, 455
Iscen, Oktay, 349Israel, 221Italy, 63, 230, 231, 242, 245, 276, 283
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Jablonski, Henryk, 157, 164Jagielski, Mieczyslaw, 166Jakes, Milos, 78Jakobson, Max, 100, 101, 103Janiurek, Wlodzimierz, 166Jankowitsch, Peter, 71Japan, 19Jaroszewicz, Piotr, 54, 153, 157, 164, 165,
166, 168, 169, 170Jarring, Gunnar, 346Jaruzelski, Wojciech, 145Javits, Jacob K., 204Jedrychowski, Stefan, 132, 140Jelic, Branimir, 228Jessup, John, 37, 48Jews of Poland, 131Jews of Soviet Union, 102Johnson, Charles K., 66Johnson, Lyndon B., 28, 31, 130, 241,
257, 319, 419, 428Johnson, U. Alexis, 47, 73, 292
Cyprus, 385Greece, 286, 310, 313, 322, 329Hungary, 109Narcotics control, 425, 426, 432, 442Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty:
Covert CIA funding, 29, 30, 53FRG-U.S. confrontation re, 46Interim funding or liquidation
dilemma, 53, 57Public funding, 51, 53, 58, 59Study commission for, 60
Turkey, 425, 426, 432, 442Jones, Betty J., 354Jones, Col. John G., 70Jones, Owen, 108Jordan, 221Jurich, Anthony, 256
Kaczmarek, Jan, 148, 166, 175Kadar, Janos, 10, 111, 115, 116, 127, 128,
143, 172Kaplan, George R., 177Karamanlis, Constantine, 250, 256, 257,
258, 302Karamessines, Thomas H., 49, 51, 57,
144, 304, 398, 402, 405Karaosmanoglu, Attilla, 450Karhilo, Aarno, 101Karjalainen, Ahti, 63, 96, 97Katzenbach, Nicholas, 28, 30, 247Kaunda, Kenneth, 221Kearns, Henry, 174, 219Kehrli, Bruce, 155
Kekkonen, Urho, 95, 98, 102, 104, 105U.S. visit, 99, 100, 101
Kennedy, David, 430, 432, 434Kennedy, John F., 68Kennedy, Col. Richard, 24, 51, 57, 144,
168, 301, 308, 310, 375, 376, 380,397, 398, 401, 402, 405
Kenyatta, Jomo, 221Kerekes, Jozsef, 108, 112Khrushchev, Nikita S., 68, 99, 172King, Barrington, 325Kirchschlaeger, Rudolph, 64, 65, 66, 71Kisiel, Henryk, 166Kissinger, Henry A., 26, 41, 42, 43, 48,
52, 54, 110, 134, 138, 155, 190, 195,243, 263, 268, 272, 306, 320, 374,375, 377, 381, 420, 432, 439
Austria, 62European Community and, 68European security issue, views on,
68Mutual and Balanced Force
Reductions, views on, 68Nixon’s visit, 67, 68, 69U.S. military assistance to, 64Vietnam War, views on, 68
China, People’s Republic of, 183, 206Cyprus:
Crisis of 1972, 393, 397, 398, 399,401, 402, 405
Nixon’s meeting with Makarios,359, 360
Cyprus’ intercommunal conflict, 353Independent mediation option, 376Makarios’ hard-line position re, 361Negotiations by communities,
414U.N. mediation effort, 376, 380U.S. mediation option, 376U.S. policy review, 372, 376, 380
Czechoslovakia:Catalytic cracking technology from
United States, 151Gold/claims issue, 85, 87Soviet invasion, 77U.S. economic/trade relations with,
85U.S. NSSM/CIEPSM study on
negotiation strategy, 92, 94Eastern Europe:
Polish political unrest and, 144Scientific and technological
cooperation with UnitedStates, 6, 18
1142 Index
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Kissinger, Henry A.—ContinuedEastern Europe—Continued
U.S. economic/trade relations with,3, 9, 12, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 27
U.S. official visits to, 5U.S. port security policy re, 8, 13,
15, 16U.S. program to “cause trouble” in,
10European security issue:
Austrian views on, 68Finnish views on, 99, 100Polish views on, 133, 148, 163Romanian views on, 206, 215Yugoslav views on, 220
Finland:European security issue, views on,
99, 100Kekkonen’s U.S. visit, 99, 100Kissinger’s assessment of, 95, 99Strategic Arms Limitation Talks,
views on, 99Greece, 320
Constantine, U.S. policy toward,301, 308, 310, 315
Constantine’s return issue, 245, 312Constantine’s U.S. visit, 244, 245Middle East, views on, 295Military situation, 253Papandreou’s proposed meeting
with Kissinger, 248Political opposition, U.S. contacts
with, 316, 321Spain, relations with, 297, 300Tasca’s departure as Ambassador,
338U.S. Ambassador, appointment of,
252, 254U.S. homeporting of Naval task
force in, 329, 331, 335U.S. official visits, restrictions on,
321Vlachou’s proposed meeting with
Kissinger, 279Greece’s political liberalization:
“Cosmetic” gestures by Greekgovernment, 304, 310
Elections issue, 252, 312Nixon’s personal encouragement
of, 323NSC consideration of, 256, 261Tasca’s instructions for dealing
with Greek government re,262, 265
Kissinger, Henry A.—ContinuedGreece’s political liberalization—
ContinuedU.S.-Greek discussions re, 245U.S. insistence on political reform
as condition for resumption ofmilitary assistance, 282, 284
U.S. policy on liberalizationfollowing resumption ofmilitary assistance, 301, 308,310, 323
Greece’s resumed receipt of U.S.military assistance:
Announcement of decision re, 292
Congressional interest in, 256Middle East situation and, 291National Security Decision
Memoranda re, 262, 284NATO’s attitude toward, 283NSC study re, 246, 251, 256, 261Phantom aircraft, 294Tasca’s instructions for dealing
with Greek government re,262, 265
U.S.-Greek discussions re, 245U.S. insistence on political reform
as condition for resumption ofassistance, 282, 284
U.S. national security issue, 249,251, 256
Hungary:Bilateral problems with United
States, review and examinationof, 111
Claims settlement agreement withUnited States, 129
Crown of St. Stephen issue, 116,125, 126
IMF membership issue, 113Mindszenty affair, 106, 122, 124Rogers’ visit, 127
Middle East:Greece’s resumed receipt of U.S.
military assistance and, 291Greek views on, 295Yugoslav views on, 220
Mutual and Balanced ForceReductions:
Austrian views on, 68Polish views on, 163
Narcotics control, 425, 426, 434, 445,447
Poland, 171
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Kissinger, Henry A.—ContinuedPoland—Continued
Anti-Semitism in, 131Catalytic cracking technology from
United States, 14, 139, 148, 149,150, 151
European security issue, views on,133, 148, 163
FRG-Polish Treaty, 131, 133, 134,137, 140, 146, 148, 163
Gierek’s accession to power, 144,145
Mutual and Balanced ForceReductions, views on, 163
Nixon’s correspondence withGierek, 175
Nixon’s meetings Gierek, 164, 165Nixon’s proposed meeting with
Wyszynski, 159, 160, 161Nixon’s visit, 154, 156, 157, 158,
159, 160, 161, 164, 165, 166Political situation, 172Political unrest of 1970, 143, 144,
145, 147Radio Free Europe, 163Scientific and technological
cooperation with UnitedStates, 175
U.S. economic/trade relations with,152, 163, 168, 169, 170, 173
U.S. port security policy re, 133Vietnam War, views on, 148, 163
Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty:Covert CIA funding, 30, 34FRG-U.S. confrontation re, 35, 37,
38, 39, 40, 45, 47, 49, 51, 56Interim funding or liquidation
dilemma, 57Polish concerns re, 163Public funding, 50, 51Study commission for, 58, 61Termination option, 32, 33, 34
Romania, 189, 192Catalytic cracking technology from
United States, 14Ceausescu’s U.S. visit, 198, 199China, U.S.-Romanian discussions
re, 183, 206“Developing country” classification
by United States, 200Disaster relief from United States,
194, 196, 197European security issue, views on,
206, 215
Kissinger, Henry A.—ContinuedRomania—Continued
GATT membership issue, 205Nixon’s correspondence with
Ceausescu, 215Nixon’s meetings with Ceausescu,
183, 184, 199Nixon’s visit, 176, 178, 180, 182,
183, 184, 185Press coverage of U.S.-Romanian
contacts, 206Scientific and technological
cooperation with UnitedStates, 186
Soviet Union, relations with, 206,207
U.S. economic/trade relations with,181, 182, 183, 185, 191, 199,200, 201, 204, 205, 208
U.S.-Soviet Summit of 1972,Romanian views on, 212
Vietnam War, views on, 184, 206,207
Strategic Arms Limitation Talks, 99Turkey:
Ecumenical Patriarchate succession,456
Kidnappings of U.S. airmen, 440Narcotics control, 425, 426, 434,
445, 447U.S. economic assistance to, 430,
434, 444U.S. program analysis re, 424
Vietnam War:Austrian views on, 68Polish views on, 148, 163Romanian views on, 184, 206, 207Yugoslav views on, 220
Yugoslavia:European security issue, views on,
220Middle East, views on, 220Nixon’s visit, 220, 221Nixon’s visit to Romania and, 216Post-Tito prospects, 220, 227Rogers’ meetings with Tito, 217Scientific and technological
cooperation with UnitedStates, 226
Soviet Union, relations with, 231,237
Tito’s U.S. visit, 231, 232U.S. economic/trade relations with,
225, 226, 235
1144 Index
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Kissinger, Henry A.—ContinuedYugoslavia—Continued
U.S. private investment in, 217, 219Vietnam War, views on, 220Yugoslav émigré activities in
United States, 231Klaus, Josef, 62Klein, Herb, 157, 164Kleindienst, Richard, 431Knowles, Lt. Gen. Richard T., 51, 310Koenig, Cardinal, 106, 117Kokkinou, Ourana, 351Komer, Robert, 340, 341, 419, 422Komodromos, Epaminondas, 343, 370Kosygin, Alexei N., 70, 97, 98, 99, 100,
101, 102, 167, 238Koundouriotis, Adm., 333Kovalev, Sergei, 72Kraft, Joseph, 158Kreacic, Miroslav, 221Krebs, Capt. Edward C., 421Kreisky, Bruno, 65, 68, 69Krogh, Egil, Jr., 427, 442, 450Krol, John Cardinal, 158, 159, 162Kuchuk, Fazil, 340, 344Kyprianou, Spyros, 345, 370, 379, 387,
409
Ladas, Lt. Col. Ioannis, 239Laird, Melvin R., 20
Eastern Europe, 21Greece, 293, 305, 313, 322, 337, 339Turkey, 421, 424, 432, 438, 453
Laitinen, Paavo, 101Leddy, John M., 1Lehman, John, Jr., 64, 235Lekkas, Col. Antonios, 269Leonhart, William, 218, 220, 221, 222,
223, 224, 231Leskinen, Vaino, 98, 99, 101, 103Leslie, Gen. Edward M., 383Libya, 322, 435Lindjord, Haakon, 256Lipscomb, Glenard P., 28Lisle, Raymond E., 1, 109, 110Litton Industries, 239Livingston, Robert Gerald, 89, 93, 154,
162, 163, 167Lloyd, Charles T., 70Lodge, Henry Cabot, 114, 258Lodge, John, 116Loiza, Vaso, 351Long, R.A., 367, 368, 369, 371, 386,
416
Loomis, Henry, 43Lopez Bravo, Gregorio, 297, 300Lord, Winston, 13, 48Lowenstein, Alan, 303Luetgendorf, Karl Ferdinand, 70Luns, Gen. Joseph, 156, 177Luxembourg, 276Lynn, Laurence E., Jr., 32Lyssarides, Vassos, 351, 389
MacGregor, Clark, 51, 57Mahon, George M., 28, 52, 53, 57Makarezos, Nicholas, 269, 293, 302, 314,
333, 336Makarios III, Archbishop, 298, 314, 319,
343Constantine’s return to Greece issue,
267Cyprus:
Assassination attempts againstMakarios, 350, 351, 352, 353,355, 383
Communist influence in, 360Coup against Makarios, U.S.
contingency planning for, 354Crisis of 1972, 389, 392, 400, 403,
405, 406, 407, 408, 409, 410Grivas insurgency, 392, 417, 418Makarios’ initial meeting with
Popper, 344Makarios’ meeting with Grivas, 413Makarios’ political standing, 355Makarios resignation issue, 407,
410, 415Middle East, views on, 360Nixon’s meeting with Makarios,
357, 358, 359, 360Terrorist situation, 347
Cyprus’ intercommunal conflict:Constitutional compromise, Greek
proposal for, 373Deconfrontation proposal, 388Greek-Greek Cypriot rift re, 379, 390Greek-Turkish bilateral settlement
option, 364Greek-Turkish cooperation against
Makarios, 383Local autonomy issue, 340, 344Makarios’ hard-line position re,
361, 362Makarios’ program to deal with,
392Military confrontation, increased
risk of, 346
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Makarios III, Archbishop—ContinuedCyprus’ intercommunal conflict—
ContinuedNegotiations by communities, 378,
415Police and judiciary issues, 344U.N. mediation effort, 376, 380, 394U.N. military presence, 344U.S. alleged pro-Turkish bias, 370U.S.-Cypriot discussions re, 344,
362Turkish attitude toward, 413
Manescu, Corneliu, 178, 180, 189, 197,198, 213
Manescu, Manea, 210, 214Mao Tse-tung, 206Markezinis, Spyridon, 271Marko, Jan, 86Maronitis, Demetrios, 317Martin, Graham, 299, 301Matlock, Jack, 330Matusek, Ivan V., 86Maurer, Ion Gheorghe, 183, 184, 187,
192, 195Mayo, Robert P., 30, 34Mazarakis, Michael-George, 241Mazurov, Kirill, 98McClelland, Roswell D., 252, 259
Cyprus’ intercommunal conflict, 347Greece, 239, 247, 255
McCloskey, Robert, 29, 75, 103, 247, 382McCracken, Paul W., 20, 203, 206McGinnis, John, 380McGovern, George, 156McGuire, Ralph, 228McHenry, Donald, 256McNamara, Robert S., 454McNaughton, John, 421McSweeney, John, 74Meeker, Leonard C., 187, 193, 195, 197,
209, 212, 214Melen, Ferit, 416, 457Meleton, Bishop, 411, 456Melovski, Milos, 221Merchant, Livingston T., 28Metaxas, Ioannis, 239Meyer, Cord, Jr., 29, 30Michalowski, Jerzy, 43, 133, 134, 138,
139, 141, 148, 154Middle East:
Cypriot views on, 360Finnish views on, 96, 100, 102Greece’s resumed receipt of U.S.
military assistance and, 291
Middle East—ContinuedGreek views on, 295Soviet policy re, 221, 295Turkish views on, 420Yugoslav views on, 217, 220, 221, 232
Mills, Wilbur D., 20, 83, 191, 206, 208,213
Mindszenty, Jozsef Cardinal, 106, 114,116, 117, 118, 119, 120, 122, 123, 124,125, 128
Minkkinen, Capt. Erkki, 99, 100, 101Mitchell, John, 57, 309, 338, 432Mitchell, Marion K., 264Mitchell, Martha, 43Mitran, Mircea, 210Mladenov, Peter, 75, 76Mondale, Walter F., 204, 205Moorer, Adm. Thomas H., 57, 144, 293,
313, 337, 376, 380, 398, 402Moose, Richard, 188, 303Morocco, 300Morse, John H., 70, 144Mosbacher, Emil, Jr., 240, 263, 435Moynihan, Daniel Patrick, 131, 427, 431,
434, 445Mozcar, Maj. Gen. Mieczyslaw, 131, 145Mudd, Robert C., 221Munkki, Olavi, 99, 101, 103Murphy, Robert D., 28, 44, 46, 53, 323Murphy, William Beverly, 57Muskie, Edmund, 156Mutual and Balanced Force Reductions
(MBFR):Austrian views on, 68, 70, 71Finnish views on, 103Polish views on, 138, 163, 167, 172Turkish views on, 457
Myerson, Jacob M., 1
Nagy, Janos, 107, 110Narcotics control:
Eastern Europe, 26Turkey, 425, 426, 427, 429, 431, 432,
433, 434, 435, 436, 437, 442, 443,445, 446, 447, 448, 449, 450, 454,457, 458
Yugoslavia, 224Nasser, Gamal Abdel, 100, 217, 220, 221,
232National Aeronautics and Space
Administration (NASA), 5National Intelligence Estimates, 428
NIE 29.1/71, 314NIE 29-2-71, 451
1146 Index
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National Science Foundation, 6, 18National Security Decision Memoranda:
NSDM 15, 3NSDM 34, 262, 272NSDM 67, 284NSDM 82, 8, 13, 15
Text of, 16NSDM 99, 23NSDM 173, 170NSDM 212, 27
National Security Study Memoranda:NSSM 35, 3NSSM 52, 246NSSM 75, 424NSSM 90, 272NSSM 116, 301, 306, 308NSSM 129, 227, 230NSSM 130, 372, 375NSSM 163, 25, 26
National Student Association, 31Neaher, Rosemary, 393Nehmer, Stanley, 2Nelson, William, 51Netherlands, 276Neubert, Joseph, 10Nguyen Van Thieu, 184Nikezic, Marko, 223Nixon, Patricia, 160, 161, 164, 279Nixon, Richard M., 268
Africa, 221Austria:
Nixon’s meeting with Klaus, 62Nixon’s visit, 67, 68, 69
China, People’s Republic of:U.S.-Romanian discussions re, 183,
192, 199, 210Yugoslavia, relations with, 232
Cyprus:Crisis of 1972, 404Intercommunal conflict, 372, 387Nixon’s meeting with Makarios,
357, 358, 359, 360Turkish policy re, 454
Czechoslovakia, 90, 93Catalytic cracking technology from
United States, 151Consular convention with United
States, 94Gold/claims issue, 83, 84, 85Husak’s accession to power, 82U.S. economic/trade relations with,
85U.S. NSSM/CIEPSM study on
negotiation strategy, 92, 94
Nixon, Richard M.—ContinuedEastern Europe:
Nixon’s 1970 report to Congress re,7
Scientific and technologicalcooperation with UnitedStates, 6, 11, 18
U.S. economic/trade relations with,3, 9, 12, 17, 19, 21, 22, 23, 27
U.S. official visits to, 5U.S. port security policy re, 8, 13,
15, 16U.S. program to “cause trouble” in,
10European security issue:
Finnish views on, 100Polish views on, 163Romanian views on, 192, 199, 207,
215Yugoslav views on, 220
Finland:European security issue, views on,
100Kekkonen’s U.S. visit, 99, 100Kissinger’s assessment of, 95, 99Middle East, views on, 100Soviet Union, relations with, 100Strategic Arms Limitation Talks,
views on, 100Vietnam War, views on, 100
Greece:Agnew’s visit, 320, 326Constantine, U.S. policy toward,
310Constantine’s return issue, 242,
283, 309, 326Constantine’s U.S. visit, 244, 245Military situation, 253Nixon-Papadopoulos
correspondence, 274, 277, 278Spain, relations with, 297Tasca’s departure as Ambassador,
338U.S. Ambassador, appointment of,
254U.S. homeporting of Naval task
force in, 329, 331U.S. military activities in, 313Vitsaxis’ presentation of
credentials, 263Greece’s political liberalization:
Agnew’s visit and, 320“Cosmetic” gestures by Greek
government, 304, 310
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Nixon, Richard M.—ContinuedGreece’s political liberalization—
ContinuedNixon’s personal encouragement
of, 320, 323Papadopoulos’ views on, 274Pappas’ views on, 309Tasca’s instructions for dealing
with Greek government re,262, 265, 283
U.S.-Greek discussions re, 260, 263U.S. insistence on political reform
as condition for resumption ofmilitary assistance, 282, 283,284
U.S. policy on liberalizationfollowing resumption ofmilitary assistance, 301, 310,323
Greece’s resumed receipt of U.S.military assistance:
Congressional interest in, 319, 320Middle East situation and, 291National Security Decision
Memoranda re, 262, 284NATO’s attitude toward, 283NSC study re, 246, 257, 261Tasca’s instructions for dealing
with Greek government re,262, 265, 283
Under Secretaries Committee’srecommendations re, 278
U.S.-Greek discussions re, 243, 260U.S. insistence on political reform
as condition for resumption ofassistance, 282, 283, 284
U.S. national security issue, 249Vietnam War and, 324
Hungary:Bilateral problems with United
States, review and examinationof, 111
Claims settlement agreement withUnited States, 129
Crown of St. Stephen issue, 125Mindszenty affair, 106, 118, 119, 122
Italy, 242Middle East:
Cypriot views on, 360Finnish views on, 100Greece’s resumed receipt of U.S.
military assistance and, 291Turkish views on, 420Yugoslav views on, 220, 221, 232
Nixon, Richard M.—ContinuedMutual and Balanced Force
Reductions, 163Narcotics control, 425, 426, 427, 431,
432, 433, 434, 435, 436, 445, 447,448, 449, 454
Poland, 171Anti-Semitism in, 131Catalytic cracking technology from
United States, 14, 150, 151, 165
European security issue, views on,163
FRG-Polish Treaty, 131, 140, 156,163
Mutual and Balanced ForceReductions, views on, 163
Nixon’s correspondence withGierek, 175
Nixon’s meetings Gierek, 164, 165,166
Nixon’s proposed meeting withWyszynski, 160
Nixon’s Pulaski Day recognition,174
Nixon’s visit, 155, 156, 157, 158,160, 164, 165, 166, 167
Political unrest of 1970, 145Radio Free Europe, 163Scientific and technological
cooperation with UnitedStates, 174
U.S. astronauts’ visit, 131U.S. economic/trade relations
with, 131, 163, 165, 168, 169,174
Vietnam War, views on, 163Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty:
Covert CIA funding, 34, 52East European émigrés and, 57FRG-U.S. confrontation re, 39, 40,
44, 48Interim funding or liquidation
dilemma, 52, 57Polish concerns re, 163Public funding, 52, 58, 59Study commission for, 58, 60, 61Termination option, 32, 34
Romania:Catalytic cracking technology from
United States, 14Ceausescu’s U.S. visit, 198, 199China, U.S.-Romanian discussions
re, 183, 192, 199, 210
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Nixon, Richard M.—ContinuedRomania—Continued
Cultural exchanges with UnitedStates, 183
“Developing country” classificationby United States, 199
Disaster relief from United States,196
European security issue, views on,192, 199, 207, 215
Foreign policy, 183FRG-Soviet Treaty, U.S.-Romanian
discussion re, 199GATT membership issue, 199Nixon’s correspondence with
Ceausescu, 211, 212, 215Nixon’s meetings with Ceausescu,
180, 183, 184, 199Nixon’s visit, 7, 178, 179, 180, 183,
184, 185, 187, 189Rogers’ visit, 213Scientific and technological
cooperation with UnitedStates, 183, 186, 187
Soviet Union, relations with, 183,192, 199, 207
U.S. economic/trade relations with,181, 183, 188, 199, 202, 204,205, 208, 210, 211
U.S. private investment in, 199U.S.-Soviet Summit of 1972,
Romanian views on, 212Vietnam War, views on, 183, 184,
189South Asia situation, 232Soviet-U.S. relations, 183, 189, 192,
199, 212, 232Strategic Arms Limitation Talks, 100Tasca, Nixon-Agnew discussion re,
326Turkey:
Anti-Western attitudes in, 435Kidnappings of U.S. airmen, 440Middle East, views on, 420Narcotics control, 425, 426, 427,
431, 432, 433, 434, 435, 436,445, 447, 448, 449, 454
Nixon’s correspondence withSunay, 452
Nixon’s meeting with Demirel, 419,420
Nixon’s meeting with Erim, 454Soviet Union, U.S.-Turkish
discussions re, 420, 454
Nixon, Richard M.—ContinuedTurkey—Continued
Subversion problem, 454U.S. economic assistance to, 430,
434, 444U.S. military assistance to, 438, 454U.S. military presence in, 435U.S. policy of maintaining good
relations with, 419U.S. program analysis re, 424
Vietnam War:Finnish views on, 100Greece’s resumed receipt of U.S.
military assistance and, 324Polish views on, 163Romanian views on, 183, 184, 189Yugoslav views on, 220, 221, 234
Yugoslavia:Africa, views on, 221China, relations with, 232European security issue, views on,
220Middle East, views on, 220, 221,
232Nixon’s meetings with Tito, 221,
232, 234Nixon’s visit, 220, 221Post-Tito prospects, 227Rogers’ meetings with Tito, 217Scientific and technological
cooperation with UnitedStates, 226
Soviet Union, relations with, 232,233, 234, 237
Tito’s U.S. visit, 232, 234U.S. economic/trade relations with,
221, 225, 226, 234, 235U.S. private investment in, 217, 219Vietnam War, views on, 220, 221,
234North Atlantic Treaty Organization
(NATO), 4, 138, 230Greece’s political liberalization, 239,
255, 256, 264, 268, 276, 287, 314Greece’s resumed receipt of U.S.
military assistance, 276, 278, 283Norway, 99, 276Novak, Robert, 28, 29Noyes, James H., 310, 380, 402, 405Nutter, G. Warren, 144, 148, 222, 256,
266, 277, 318, 380, 398, 405, 421, 438,453
Nyerere, Julius, 221Nyers, Rezso, 26
Index 1149
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Obst, Harry, 62Ogden, Geoffrey, 385, 443Olcay, Osman, 368, 374, 382, 387, 413,
443, 450, 457Olechowski, Tadeusz, 166, 175Olszowski, Stefan, 154, 166Onaca, Emil, 182Onassis, Aristotle, 314Oncken, Dirk, 134Opas, Pauli, 101Osgood, Robert E., 256O’Shaughnessy, Elim, 108Osolnik, Bogdan, 236Osorio-Tafall, Bibiano, 342, 388, 409, 415Overseas Private Investment
Corporation (OPIC), 219, 230, 234Owen, Robert I., 203
Paasikivi, Juho, 98Packard, David, 30, 51, 57, 310, 313,
322, 327, 432Pakistan, 232, 458Palach, Jan, 77Palamas, Christian X., 74, 241, 245, 250,
295, 296, 298, 303, 319, 325, 335,364, 368, 374, 379, 382, 395, 406
Palestinians, 221Palmby, Clarence, 235Palshe, Arvid, 98Panagoulis, Alexander, 239Pan American Airlines, 89Panayotakos, Constantine, 362, 383, 392,
395, 403, 405Pan-Hellenic Liberation Movement, 248Panteleimon, Bishop, 239Papadopoulos, Despina, 302Papadopoulos, Lt. Col. George, 384, 456
Cyprus:Crisis of 1972, 393, 396, 406, 408, 410Intercommunal conflict, 373, 379,
383Greece:
Agnew’s visit, 325, 326, 328Arms purchases from non-U.S.
sources, 281Constantine’s proposed meeting
with Papadopoulos, 280Constantine’s return issue, 267,
280, 285, 328, 334Corruption problem, 337Coup plan against Papadopoulos,
possible, 353Laird’s meeting with
Papadopoulos, 293
Papadopoulos, George—ContinuedGreece—Continued
Military government, 239, 269, 302,314, 333
Nixon-Papadopouloscorrespondence, 274, 277, 278
Spain, relations with, 300Tasca’s initial call on
Papadopoulos, 268Turkey, relations with, 293U.S. Ambassador, appointment of,
252U.S. homeporting of Naval task
force in, 335Greece’s political liberalization:
Agnew’s visit and, 325, 328Businessmen’s role, 311Elections issue, 252, 275, 290, 311,
312Future prospects, U.S. reports re,
302McClelland’s views on, 239NATO-Greece relationship and,
239, 268Nixon’s personal encouragement
of, 320Papadopoulos’ assumption of
regency and, 333, 334, 336Papadopoulos’ views on, 274,
325Political prisoners issue, 325Timetable for, 275U.S. covert activities in support of,
289U.S.-Greek discussions re, 268, 289,
293, 325, 328U.S. insistence on political reform
as condition for resumption ofmilitary assistance, 288, 289
Greece’s resumed receipt of U.S.military assistance:
Announcement of decision re, 292Delays in resumption, Greek
response to, 281, 289U.S.-Greek discussions re, 268, 281,
289, 293U.S. insistence on political reform
as condition for resumption ofassistance, 288, 289
Papadopoulos, Tassos, 383Papagos, Leonidas, 244Papandreou, Andreas, 243, 247, 248,
302, 305, 314, 319, 326Papanicolao, Col. Nicholas, 317
1150 Index
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Pappas, Thomas A., 242, 252, 309, 314,338
Parker, David, 157Parker, Jim, 442Pasztor, Laszlo, 116, 125Patatakos, Kyriacos, 355Patilis, Demetrios, 269Patolichev, Nikolay, 98, 172Pattakos, Stylianos, 243, 244, 269, 293,
296, 314, 317, 333, 336Pauls, Rolf, 144Paul VI, Pope, 114, 117, 118, 120, 122,
124Pedersen, Richard F., 66Pell, Claiborne, 247, 256Peter, Janos, 112, 114, 115, 121, 122, 127,
128Peterson, Frederick V.E., 95, 97, 99, 100,
101, 102, 104, 105Peterson, Peter G., 22, 150, 151, 168,
169, 172, 175, 205, 208, 225, 235Petrides, Frixos, 383Phillips, Ruth H., 1Piller, Jan, 78Pipinelis, Panayotis, 244, 245, 247, 255,
259, 264, 267, 269, 280, 340, 343,348, 352, 355
Platt, Nicholas, 325Poage, W.R., 9Podgorny, Nikolay, 98, 99, 102, 454Poland (see also Eastern Europe), 171, 405
Anti-Semitism in, 131Automobile usage, 172Catalytic cracking technology from
United States, 14, 138, 139, 148,149, 150, 151, 152, 165
China, relations with, 132Economic situation, 143European security issue, views on,
132, 133, 148, 163, 167, 172FRG-Polish Treaty, 130, 131, 133, 134,
135, 136, 137, 138, 140, 141, 146,148, 156, 163, 167, 172
Gierek’s accession to power, 143, 144,145
Gierek’s views on U.S.-Polishrelations, 153
Mutual and Balanced ForceReductions, views on, 138, 163,167, 172
Nixon’s correspondence with Gierek,175
Nixon’s meetings Gierek, 164, 165,166
Poland—ContinuedNixon’s proposed meeting with
Wyszynski, 159, 160, 161, 162Nixon’s Pulaski Day recognition, 174Nixon’s visit, 154, 155, 156, 157, 158,
159, 160, 161, 162, 163, 164, 165,166, 167
Oil exploration, 167Political situation, 130, 172Political unrest of 1970, 142, 143, 144,
145, 147Radio Free Europe, 28, 35, 41, 43, 45,
54, 163Scientific and technological
cooperation with United States,173, 174, 175
Soviet invasion of Czechoslovakia,132
Soviet Union, relations with, 172Strategic Arms Limitation Talks,
views on, 138U.S. Ambassador’s annual report
(1969), 130U.S. astronauts’ visit, 131U.S. economic/trade relations with
(see also Catalytic crackingtechnology from United Statesabove; U.S. port security policy rebelow), 24, 26, 131, 132, 152, 163,165, 168, 169, 170, 172, 173, 174,175
U.S. port security policy re, 133, 137,138
Vietnam War, views on, 132, 138, 148,152, 163, 167, 172
Polish-American Trade Commission,168, 169, 175
Pommerening, Horst, 36, 41Pompidou, Georges, 185, 232Popescu, Dumitru, 199Popov, Ivan, 75, 76Popper, David, 342, 343, 356, 379, 383
Cyprus:Assassination attempts against
Makarios, 350, 352, 355Communist influence in, 355Crisis of 1972, 399, 400, 402, 405,
409, 410Grivas insurgency, 383, 417, 418Makarios’ initial meeting with
Popper, 344Makarios’ political standing, 355Nixon’s meeting with Makarios,
357, 358
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Popper, David—ContinuedCyprus—Continued
State Department roundtablediscussion re, 416
Terrorist situation, 347Cyprus’ intercommunal conflict:
Assassination attempts againstMakarios and, 355
Central intercommunalinstitutional structure issue,363
Deconfrontation proposal, 388Greek-Turkish bilateral settlement
option, 364Local autonomy issue, 344Makarios’ hard-line position re, 362Military confrontation, increased
risk of, 346Negotiations by communities, 366,
373Partition and annexation (double
enosis) option, 352Police and judiciary issues, 344U.N. mediation effort, 381U.N. military presence, 344U.S. alleged pro-Turkish bias, 370U.S.-Cypriot discussions re, 344, 362U.S. policy on, 357U.S.-Turkish diplomatic
communications re, 348Portugal, 276Potsdam Conference (1945), 130Potts, James M., 317Pranger, Robert, 277Preston, Gene, 307Pribyl, Jaromir, 80Price, Ray, 168, 169Proctor, Edward W., 256Pucinski, Roman C., 149Pugh, Robert L., 438Puhan, Alfred, 106, 107, 108, 110, 112,
114, 115, 116, 118, 119, 120, 121, 122,123, 124, 127, 128
Quinn, Charles W., 322
Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty:Activities and effectiveness of, 28Covert CIA funding, 28, 29, 30, 31,
34, 52, 53East European émigrés and, 57FRG-U.S. confrontation re, 35, 36, 37,
38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 44, 45, 46, 47,48, 49, 51, 56
Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty—Continued
Interim funding or liquidationdilemma, 52, 53, 55, 57
Polish-U.S. confrontation re, 43, 45,54, 163
Public funding, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 58,59
Public stance on funding, 31Study commission for, 58, 60, 61Termination option, 28, 32, 33, 34USIA involvement, 28U.S. troop presence in FRG and, 45
Rahman, Mujib, 232Ramparts magazine, 28Ramsbotham, Peter, 346Raspopovic, Blazo, 228Reid, Ogden R., 50, 51, 53Ribicic, Mitja, 218, 221, 222, 228Richardson, Adm. David C., 281Richardson, Elliot L., 10, 32, 110, 111,
135, 136, 181, 191, 193, 201, 204,245, 277, 278, 371, 432, 448
Roberts, Brig. Gen. Francis J., 376, 380Roche, James M., 28Roche, John P., 61Rockwell, Stuart W., 244, 250, 255, 256,
259, 264, 419Rodman, Peter W., 206Rogers, William P., 243, 248, 282, 313,
399Austria, 62
Eastern Europe, views on, 63European security issue, views on,
71Mutual and Balanced Force
Reductions, views on, 71Strategic Arms Limitation Talks,
views on, 63Vietnam War, views on, 71
Bulgaria:Consular convention with United
States, 75European security issue, views on,
72Official delegation visit to United
States, proposed, 75U.S. economic/trade relations with,
72, 75China, People’s Republic of, 132,
238Cyprus:
Crisis of 1972, 393, 400, 407Makarios resignation issue, 407
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Rogers, William P.—ContinuedCyprus’ intercommunal conflict:
Negotiations by communities, 382Partition and annexation (double
enosis) option, 367, 368U.N. mediation effort, 381, 387U.N. military presence, 387U.S.-Cypriot discussions re, 345U.S.-Greek discussions re, 382U.S. policy on, 357U.S. policy review, 378U.S. summary of developments,
368U.S.-Turkish discussions re, 349
Czechoslovakia, 82Consular convention with United
States, 90, 93Cultural exchanges with United
States, 86, 93Gold/claims issue, 83, 85, 90Scientific and technological
cooperation with UnitedStates, 93
Soviet invasion, 86U.S. economic/trade relations with,
86, 90U.S. NSSM/CIEPSM study on
negotiation strategy, 92, 93, 94
Eastern Europe:Austrian views on, 63Scientific and technological
cooperation with UnitedStates, 6, 18
U.S. economic/trade relations with,2, 17, 20, 21, 24
U.S. port security policy re, 8, 13European security issue:
Austrian views on, 71Bulgarian views on, 72Finnish views on, 96, 103Polish views on, 132Yugoslav views on, 238
Finland:European security issue, views on,
96, 103Kekkonen’s U.S. visit, 101Middle East, views on, 96Mutual and Balanced Force
Reductions, views on, 103Soviet Union, relations with, 101Strategic Arms Limitation Talks,
views on, 96Vietnam War, views on, 96
Rogers, William P.—ContinuedGreece, 298
Constantine, U.S. policy toward,315
Constantine’s return issue, 244, 299Constantine’s U.S. visit, 244Corruption problem, 337U.S. homeporting of Naval task
force in, 329, 330, 339U.S. official visits, restrictions on,
318Greece’s political liberalization:
Businessmen’s role, 311Elections issue, 296Martial law issue, 296NATO-Greece relationship and,
264, 287Timetable for, 264, 275U.S.-Greek discussions re, 244, 260,
264U.S. insistence on political reform
as condition for resumption ofmilitary assistance, 283, 287,288
Greece’s resumed receipt of U.S.military assistance:
Announcement of decision re, 292Congressional interest in, 287NATO’s attitude toward, 283NSC study re, 261
Greece’s resumed receipt of U.S.military assistance—Continued
Phantom aircraft, 322U.S.-Greek discussions re, 244, 260U.S. insistence on political reform
as condition for resumption ofassistance, 283, 287, 288
Hungary, 110Bilateral problems with United
States, review and examinationof, 111
Claims settlement agreement withUnited States, 129
Rogers’ visit, 127, 128U.S. economic/trade relations with,
128Middle East:
Finnish views on, 96Yugoslav views on, 217, 221
Mutual and Balanced ForceReductions:
Austrian views on, 71Finnish views on, 103Turkish views on, 457
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Rogers, William P.—ContinuedNarcotics control, 429, 431, 442, 443,
449, 450, 457Poland:
China, relations with, 132European security issue, views on,
132FRG-Polish Treaty, 146Nixon’s visit, 155, 156, 164, 166U.S. economic/trade relations with,
132, 168Vietnam War, views on, 132
Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty:East European émigrés and, 57Public funding, 50, 51, 58Study commission for, 58
Romania, 206“Developing country” classification
by United States, 200Disaster relief from United States,
196Nixon’s visit, 189Rogers’ visit, 213Soviet Union, relations with, 177U.S. economic/trade relations with,
200, 203, 208, 213U.S.-Soviet Summit of 1972,
Romanian views on, 213Soviet-U.S. relations, 238Strategic Arms Limitation Talks:
Austrian views on, 63Finnish views on, 96
Terrorism, 71Turkey, 454
Mutual and Balanced ForceReductions, views on, 457
Narcotics control, 429, 431, 442,443, 449, 450, 457
Nixon’s meeting with Demirel, 419U.S. economic assistance to, 430,
434, 444U.S. military assistance to, 452,
457U.S. military presence in, 419U.S. policy of maintaining good
relations with, 419Vietnam War:
Austrian views on, 71Finnish views on, 96Polish views on, 132Yugoslav views on, 221
Yugoslavia:China, U.S.-Yugoslav discussions
re, 238
Rogers, William P.—ContinuedYugoslavia—Continued
European security issue, views on,238
Middle East, views on, 217, 221Nixon’s visit, 221Rogers’ meetings with Tito, 217,
218, 238Soviet Union, relations with, 228,
233, 238U.S. economic/trade relations with,
225Vietnam War, views on, 221
Rohal, Ivan, 87Romania (see also Eastern Europe):
African economic development,proposed U.S.-Romaniancooperation re, 214
Catalytic cracking technology fromUnited States, 14
Ceausescu’s U.S. visit, 198, 199China, U.S.-Romanian discussions re,
183, 192, 199, 206, 210Civil Air Agreement with United
States, 181Consular Convention with United
States, 203Cultural exchanges with United
States, 183“Developing country” classification
by United States, 199, 200Disaster relief from United States,
194, 196, 197Emigration policy, 181European security issue, views on,
192, 195, 199, 206, 207, 215Foreign policy, 183FRG-Soviet Treaty, U.S.-Romanian
discussion re, 199GATT membership issue, 181, 190,
199, 205Nixon’s correspondence with
Ceausescu, 211, 212, 215Nixon’s meetings with Ceausescu,
180, 183, 184, 199Nixon’s visit, 7, 176, 178, 179, 180,
182, 183, 184, 185, 187, 189, 216
Press coverage of U.S.-Romaniancontacts, 206
Rogers’ visit, 213Scientific and technological
cooperation with United States,6, 7, 183, 186, 187
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Romania—ContinuedSoviet invasion of Czechoslovakia, 2,
177Soviet Union, relations with, 177, 179,
180, 183, 192, 194, 195, 199, 206,207
Tourism industry, 203U.S. economic/trade relations with,
14, 24, 26, 27, 181, 182, 183, 185,188, 191, 193, 199, 200, 201, 202,203, 204, 205, 208, 210, 211, 213,214
U.S. port security policy re, 181U.S. private investment in, 199U.S.-Soviet Summit of 1972,
Romanian views on, 212, 213Vietnam War, views on, 183, 184, 189,
195, 206, 207, 209Romanian Trade Act of 1969, 188Ronne, Torben, 346Roosevelt, Franklin D., 180Root, William A., 1Rossides, Eugene, 431Rossides, Michaliakis, 351Rossides, Zenon, 345, 370Rostow, Walt, 28, 319Roufogalis, Col. Michael, 239, 269, 336Rowe, David, 313Rumsfeld, Donald, 224Rush, Kenneth, 36, 44, 70, 134Rusk, Dean, 28, 319Russell, Richard B., 28, 51
Sadat, Anwar el-, 232, 405Safire, William, 164Sampas, James G., 101Samuels, Nathaniel, 202Sargeant, Howland H., 28Satir, Kenal, 423Saunders, Harold H., 22, 245, 248, 251,
254, 256, 257, 261, 263, 279, 282,295, 308, 315, 320, 321, 323, 335,353, 361, 372, 375, 376, 380, 393,397, 398, 401, 402, 405, 414, 435,442, 456
Savasci, Lt. Gen. Hayati, 441Savides, Michael, 383Scali, John, 164Schaller, Charles, 210Scheel, Walter, 45, 103, 140Schlesinger, James R., 57Schmidt, Carl W., 2Schroeder, Gerhard, 140Schumann, 63
Schwartz, Harry, 425, 427, 429Scott, Harold B., 22, 73, 148Scranton, William, 53, 176Seaborg, Glenn, 6, 110Sebastian, Peter, 189Selden, Armistead I., Jr., 70, 376, 402Senior Review Group, 306, 308, 310,
376, 380Servan-Schrieber, Jean Jacques, 276, 302Seward, William, 458Seymour, Whitney, 28Shakespeare, Frank J., Jr., 35, 38, 39, 41,
43, 131, 256, 270, 277Shaw, David G., 2Shelepin, Aleksandr, 98Shelest, Petr, 98Sherer, Albert W., Jr., 91Shultz, George P., 20, 55, 57Sihanouk, Prince Norodom, 195Sik, Ota, 78Silva, Walter J., 317, 327, 416Sisco, Joseph J., 277, 286, 287, 288, 306,
313, 318, 369, 386, 419, 457, 458Cyprus, 358
Crisis of 1972, 398, 399, 400, 402,405, 407
Makarios resignation issue, 407Cyprus’ intercommunal conflict, 340,
346, 348, 354, 366Constitutional compromise, Greek
proposal for, 373Deconfrontation proposal, 388Greek-Turkish bilateral settlement
option, 371Independent mediation option,
376, 378Negotiations by communities,
414Partition and annexation (double
enosis) option, 367, 368U.N. mediation effort, 376, 377,
378, 380, 381, 385U.N. military presence, 385U.S. mediation option, 376, 378U.S. policy review, 376, 378, 380U.S. summary of developments,
368U.S.-Turkish discussions re, 385Violent incidents, U.S. contingency
plans for, 378Greece:
Constantine, U.S. policy toward,301
Constantine’s return issue, 285
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Sisco, Joseph J.—ContinuedGreece—Continued
Papandreou’s proposed meetingwith Kissinger, 248
Political opposition, U.S. contactswith, 316, 321
U.S. homeporting of Naval taskforce in, 332
Greece’s political liberalization:Constantine’s proposed return and,
285Elections issue, 250, 290Tasca’s instructions for dealing
with Greek government re, 270U.S. covert activities in support of,
290U.S.-Greek discussions re, 250
Greece’s resumed receipt of U.S.military assistance:
Phantom aircraft, 327Tasca’s instructions for dealing
with Greek government re, 270U.S.-Greek discussions re, 250U.S. preliminary work re, 266
Narcotics control, 431, 433, 442, 449Turkey, 452
Narcotics control, 431, 433, 442, 449
U.S. military assistance to, 438Skoug, Kenneth N., Jr., 46Skouras, Spyros, 298Smith, Gerard, 156Smrkovsky, Joseph, 78Sokolov, Oleg M., 404Solomon, Anthony M., 1Sonnenfeldt, Helmut, 20, 21, 22, 42, 48,
56, 69, 113, 133, 152, 166, 180, 221,235, 320, 335, 426
Austria, 64Czechoslovakia:
Gold/claims issue, 87Soviet invasion, 77U.S. NSSM/CIEPSM study on
negotiation strategy, 92, 94Eastern Europe:
Polish political unrest and, 144U.S. economic/trade relations with,
24U.S. port security policy re, 13U.S. program to “cause trouble” in,
10European security issue:
Polish views on, 148, 172Romanian views on, 195
Sonnenfeldt, Helmut—ContinuedHungary:
Bilateral problems with UnitedStates, review and examinationof, 111
Claims settlement agreement withUnited States, 129
Crown of St. Stephen issue, 116,125, 126
Mindszenty affair, 122Rogers’ visit, 127
Mutual and Balanced ForceReductions, 138, 172
Poland:Catalytic cracking technology from
United States, 138, 139, 148,150
Economic situation, 143European security issue, views on,
148, 172FRG-Polish Treaty, 134, 137, 138,
140, 146, 148, 172Gierek’s accession to power, 143Mutual and Balanced Force
Reductions, views on, 138, 172Nixon’s proposed meeting with
Wyszynski, 159Nixon’s Pulaski Day recognition,
174Nixon’s visit, 156, 159Political situation, 172Political unrest of 1970, 143, 144Strategic Arms Limitation Talks,
views on, 138U.S. economic/trade relations with,
168, 172, 173, 174U.S. port security policy re, 137,
138Vietnam War, views on, 148, 172
Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty,FRG-U.S. confrontation re, 35, 37,39, 45
Romania, 192Disaster relief from United States,
194, 197European security issue, views on,
195GATT membership issue, 190Nixon’s visit, 176, 185, 216Soviet Union, relations with, 195U.S.-Soviet Summit of 1972,
Romanian views on, 212Vietnam War, views on, 195
Strategic Arms Limitation Talks, 138
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Sonnenfeldt, Helmut—ContinuedVietnam War:
Polish views on, 148, 172Romanian views on, 195
Yugoslavia:Nixon’s visit to Romania and, 216U.S. military cooperation with, 222
Soviet Union (see also Eastern Europe),268, 281, 283
Austria, relations with, 64Brezhnev Doctrine, 72, 177, 183, 220,
228, 233China, relations with, 183, 192Cyprus crisis of 1972, 398, 400, 402,
404, 405Cyprus policy, 319, 354, 355, 376, 378,
379Czechoslovakia, invasion of, 1, 2, 77,
86, 132, 177Expansionist policy, 102Finland, relations with, 95, 97, 98, 99,
100, 101, 102FRG, relations with, 144, 145, 199Greece, U.S. homeporting of Naval
task force in, 329, 330, 335, 339Jewish population, 102Middle East policy, 221, 295Poland, Nixon’s visit to, 156, 157,
158Poland, relations with, 172Polish-FRG Treaty, 135Polish political unrest, 144, 147Political leadership, 70, 98Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty, 28,
33, 56Romania, relations with, 177, 179,
180, 183, 192, 194, 195, 199, 206,207
South Asia situation, 232Turkey, relations with, 428Turkish-U.S. discussions re, 420, 421,
454United States, relations with, 131,
167, 172, 183, 189, 192, 199, 232,238
Finnish views on, 102, 104Summit of 1972, 212, 213
U.S.-Soviet-Chinese relations, 65Yugoslavia, relations with, 228, 229,
231, 232, 233, 234, 236, 237, 238Spacil, Dusan, 86, 88, 91Spain, 276, 297, 300Spain, James, 458Spasowski, Romuald, 157, 162, 166
Stabler, Wells, 259Stamatelopoulos, Byron, 383Stamatelopoulos, Dimitri, 239, 269, 302Standard Oil of Indiana, 167Stans, Maurice H., 20, 121, 139, 151,
169, 186, 234Eastern Europe, U.S. economic/trade
relations with, 19, 21, 22Stein, Herbert, 210Stern, Lawrence, 350Stoessel, Walter J., Jr., 26, 71, 166
Poland:Anti-Semitism in, 131Catalytic cracking technology from
United States, 139FRG-Polish Treaty, 130, 131, 135,
136Gierek’s views on U.S.-Polish
relations, 153Nixon’s proposed meeting with
Wyszynski, 162Nixon’s visit, 154, 155, 162Political situation, 130Political unrest of 1970, 142Radio Free Europe, 54U.S. Ambassador’s annual report
(1969), 130U.S. astronauts’ visit, 131U.S. economic/trade relations with,
131Strategic Arms Limitation Talks (SALT):
Austrian views on, 63, 65, 70Finnish views on, 96, 99, 100, 102Polish views on, 138
Strauss, Franz Josef, 44, 105, 172Streator, Edward, 276Stromayer, James, 1Strougal, Lubomir, 78Sunay, Cevdet, 342, 423, 439, 441, 442,
452, 457Sundquist, Ulf, 105Sutterlin, James S., 41, 46, 56Svoboda, Ludvik, 84, 87Swank, Emory C., 86, 109, 110, 136Sweden, 99Symington, Stuart, 76Szabo, Karoly, 128Szilagyi, Bela, 107, 108Szlachcic, Franciszek, 166, 172Szydlak, Jan, 166
Tabacek, Jan, 79Tagmac, Gen. Memduh, 383, 423, 441Tambaca, Lijana, 221, 232, 233, 234
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Tasca, Henry J., 274, 293, 309Cyprus:
Crisis of 1972, 391, 394, 396, 399,400, 406, 408, 411
Intercommunal conflict, 364, 377,379, 381
Greece:Agnew’s visit, 320, 326Arms purchases from non-U.S.
sources, 281Congressional staffers’ visit, 303Constantine, U.S. policy toward,
301, 315, 319Constantine’s meeting with Tasca,
319Constantine’s proposed meeting
with Papadopoulos, 280Constantine’s return issue, 267,
280, 283, 285, 299, 312, 334Corruption problem, 337European relations, 273Libya, relations with, 322Military government, 269, 273, 302,
333Political opposition, U.S. contacts
with, 316, 321Spain, relations with, 297, 300Tasca’s departure as Ambassador,
338Tasca’s initial call on
Papadopoulos, 268U.S. Ambassador, appointment of,
254U.S. homeporting of Naval task
force in, 332, 335, 339U.S. official visits, restrictions on,
321, 322Violence against Americans in, 305
Greece’s political liberalization:Agnew’s visit and, 320Businessmen’s role, 311Constantine’s proposed return and,
285Elections issue, 275, 290, 296, 311,
312Future prospects, U.S. reports re,
302Ioannidis’ views on, 271Martial law issue, 296McClelland’s views on, 255NATO-Greece relationship and,
268, 287Nixon’s personal encouragement
of, 320, 323
Tasca, Henry J.—ContinuedGreece’s political liberalization—
ContinuedPapadopoulos’ assumption of
regency and, 333, 334, 336Political prisoners issue, 271, 283Tasca’s instructions for dealing
with Greek government re,262, 265, 270
Tasca’s views on, 273, 275, 302Timetable for, 275U.S. covert activities in support of,
286, 290U.S.-Greek discussions re, 268, 271,
289, 319U.S. homeporting of Naval task
force in Greece and, 332U.S. insistence on political reform
as condition for resumption ofmilitary assistance, 282, 283,287, 288, 289
U.S. policy on liberalizationfollowing resumption ofmilitary assistance, 319
Greece’s resumed receipt of U.S.military assistance:
Announcement of decision re, 277,292
Congressional interest in, 268, 287,319, 320, 322
Constantine’s views on, 267Delays in resumption, Greek
response to, 281, 289HAWK missile system, 322NATO’s attitude toward, 283Phantom aircraft, 322Tasca’s instructions for dealing
with Greek government re,262, 265, 270
Tasca’s views on, 273, 289Under Secretaries Committee’s
recommendations re, 277U.S.-Greek discussions re, 268, 281,
289, 319U.S. insistence on political reform
as condition for resumption ofassistance, 282, 283, 287, 288,289
Nixon-Agnew discussion re, 326Tepavac, Mirko, 221, 223, 228, 233, 236,
238Terrorism, 221
Austrian policy re, 71Cyprus situation, 347, 353
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Terrorism—ContinuedTurkish policy re, 457
Thant, U, 382, 385, 387Theodorakis, Mikis, 239, 302Thompson, Llewellyn E., 28, 53303 Committee, 28, 30, 33, 34Tibbetts, Margaret J., 101, 276, 277Tihany, Leslie C., 107Timmons, William E., 9, 20, 21, 219Tito, Josef Broz, 199, 223
Kissinger’s assessment of, 220Nixon’s meetings with, 221, 232, 234Nixon’s visit to Yugoslavia, 220, 221Rogers’ meetings with, 217, 218, 238Soviet-Yugoslav relations, 228, 229,
232, 233, 234, 237, 238U.S. visit, 231, 232, 234
Tombazos, Georgios, 403Tomkins, Ed, 346Toon, Malcolm, 2, 29, 80, 84, 236, 237Topaloglu, Ahmet, 421Torbert, Horace, Jr., 73, 74, 76Tovar, Hugh, 30Trampczynski, Witold, 153, 154, 157,
158, 159, 161, 166, 174, 175Trueheart, William C., 29, 30Tsirimokos, John, 271Tuominen, Leo, 105Tuovinen, 105Turkey (see also Cyprus; Cyprus’
intercommunal conflict):Anti-Western attitudes in, 422, 428,
435Economic situation, 434, 454, 457Ecumenical Patriarchate succession,
455, 456Greece, relations with, 293, 314Handley’s meeting with Demirel, 458Kidnappings of U.S. airmen, 440Middle East, views on, 420Middle Eastern neighbors, relations
with, 428Military’s plans to assume control of
government, 423Mutual and Balanced Force
Reductions, views on, 457Narcotics control, 425, 426, 427, 429,
431, 432, 433, 434, 435, 436, 437,442, 443, 445, 446, 447, 448, 449,450, 454, 457, 458
Nixon’s correspondence with Sunay,452
Nixon’s meeting with Demirel, 419,420
Turkey—ContinuedNixon’s meeting with Erim, 454Political situation, 423, 439, 441, 451,
454, 457, 458Soviet Union, relations with, 428Soviet Union, U.S.-Turkish
discussions re, 420, 421, 454Subversion problem, 454Terrorism policy, 457U.S. economic assistance to, 428, 430,
434, 444U.S. intelligence estimates re, 428, 451U.S. military assistance to, 421, 422,
428, 438, 452, 453, 454, 457U.S. military presence in, 419, 422,
428, 435U.S. policy of maintaining good
relations with, 419U.S. program analysis re, 424
Under Secretaries Committee, 181, 191,193, 200, 201, 202, 204, 226, 277, 278
United Arab Republic (UAR), 221, 232,295
United Kingdom, 264, 276, 398United Nations:
Chinese representation issue, 66Cyprus crisis of 1972, 398, 399, 402,
405, 406, 409, 410Cyprus’ intercommunal conflict, 344,
345, 376, 377, 378, 379, 380, 381,385, 386, 387, 388, 393
United States Information Agency(USIA), 28
Urgupulu, Suat, 457
Valtin, Fred, 37, 41, 42, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49Valyi, Peter, 121Vance, Cyrus, 376Van Hollen, Christopher, 286, 376Vassilev, Vesselin, 72Vassilikos, Vassilis, 298Veniamin, Dirgen, 370, 383Vietnam War, 281
Austrian views on, 68, 71Finnish views on, 96, 97, 100, 102,
105Greece’s resumed receipt of U.S.
military assistance and, 324Hungarian views on, 127Polish views on, 132, 138, 148, 152,
163, 167, 172Romanian views on, 183, 184, 189,
195, 206, 207, 209
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Vietnam War—ContinuedU.S. agricultural sales to Eastern
Europe and, 9Yugoslav views on, 220, 221, 234
Vigderman, Alfred G., 252, 255, 277,287, 292, 296, 298
Vitsaxis, Basil, 263, 264, 292, 295, 298Vlachou, Eleni, 279, 285Vogt, Lt. Gen. John W., 144, 405Volker, Paul, 454Volpe, John A., 153Vrhunec, Marko, 221Vunovic, Xenia, 416
Waldheim, Kurt, 63, 399, 402, 405, 413,414
Walker, Charles E., 380Waller, John, 376, 380, 398, 402, 405Walsh, John, 62, 80, 182, 244, 248, 251Walter, Ralph, 36, 41Walters, Maj. Gen. Vernon, 243Wandler, Mark, 398, 402, 405Warren, George, 247Washington Special Action Group
(WSAG), 144, 147Cyprus crisis of 1972, 397, 398, 401,
402, 405Weintal, Edward, 43Welander, Adm. Robert O., 380Well, Guenther van, 56Wellons, A.E., 46Wenick, Martin A., 72Williams, Albert, 20Winiewicz, Jozef, 54, 132, 134Wise, Samuel G., 88Wojtowicz, Andrzej, 154, 163, 167Wright, Robert B., 2Wyszynski, Stefan Cardinal, 159, 160,
161, 162
Yahya Khan, Gen., 232, 458Yegen, Avdin, 452, 455Yigit, Ozdemir, 349Young, Milton R., 28Yugoslavia (see also Eastern Europe):
Africa, views on, 221
Yugoslavia—ContinuedAustria, relations with, 70China, U.S.-Yugoslav discussions re,
232, 238European security issue, views on,
220, 238Italy, relations with, 230, 231Middle East, views on, 217, 220, 221,
232Narcotics control, 224Nixon’s meetings with Tito, 221, 232,
234Nixon’s visit, 220, 221Nixon’s visit to Romania and, 216Post-Tito prospects, 220, 223, 227, 230Rogers’ meetings with Tito, 217, 218,
238Scientific and technological
cooperation with United States,226, 230
Soviet Union, relations with, 228, 229,231, 232, 233, 234, 236, 237, 238
Tito’s U.S. visit, 231, 232, 234U.S. economic/trade relations with,
24, 26, 221, 223, 225, 226, 230,234, 235
U.S. military cooperation with, 218,222, 230
U.S. private investment in, 217, 219,230
Vietnam War, views on, 220, 221, 234Yugoslav émigré activities in United
States, 231
Z (film), 298Zablocki, Clement, 148Zantovsky, Jaroslav, 86, 91Zarkovic, Vidoje, 232Zhivkov, Todor, 73Ziegler, Ronald, 31, 164, 166, 207, 221,
370Zoitakis, Lt. Gen. George, 269, 333, 334Zumwalt, Adm. Elmo, 313, 335Zygdes, John, 325
1160 Index
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