Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
References
193
References
1. Able, J.R., Rathus, C. and Godwin, I.D. 2001. The investigation of optimal
bombardment parameters for transient and stable transgene expression in Sorghum.
In vitro Cell. Dev. Biol. Plant 37: 341-348.
2. Ahmadabadi, M., Ruf. S. and Bock, R. 2007. A leaf based regeneration and
transformation system for maize (Zea mays L.). Transgenic Res. 16:437-448.
3. Ahmed, A., Zhong, H., Wang, W. and Sticklen, M.B. 2002. Shoot apical meristem:
in vitro regeneration and Morphogenesis in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
In vitro Cell. Dev. Biol. Plant 38:163-167.
4. Alsheikh, M., Suso, H.P., Robron, M., Battey, N. and Wetten, A. 2002. Appropriate
Choice of antibiotic and Agrobacterium strain improves transformation of antibiotic
sensitive Fragaria vesca and f.v. Semperflorrens. Plant Cell Rep. 20: 1173-1180.
5. Amoah, B.K., Wu, H., Sparks, C. and Jones, H.D. 2001. Factors influencing
Agrobacterium-mediated transient expression of uid A in wheat inflorescence
tissue. J. Exp. Bot. 52(358): 1135-1142.
6. Anju Verma and Anand Kumar, P. 2005. In vitro plant regeneration from different
explants of Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench. Plant Cell Biotechnology and Molecular
Biology 6 (3&4): 101-108.
194
7. Antonopoulou, G., Gavala, H., Skiadas, I., Angelopoulos, K. and Lyberatos, G.
2008. Biofuels generation from sweet Sorghum: Fermentative hydrogen production
and anaerobic digestion of the remaining biomass. Bioresour. Technol. 99: 110-119.
8. Anurug, P., Yasushi Matsuda. and Tatsuro Murata. 2005. Plant regeneration from
Immature inflorescence of zoysia grass. Plant Biotech. 22(3): 245-248.
9. Aparna, G. and Rashid, A. 2004. TDZ - induced somatic embryogenesis in non-
responsive caryopses of rice using a short treatment with 2, 4-D.
Plant Cell Tiss. Org. Cult. 76: 29-33.
10. Archana, M. and Paramjit, K. 2003. Genotype dependent somatic embryogenesis
and regeneration from leaf base cultures of Sorghum bicolor.
J. Plant biochem. biotech. 12: 53-56.
11. Armstrong, C.L. and Green, C.E. 1985. Establishment and maintenance of friable,
embryogenic maize callus and the involvement of L-proline. Planta 164: 207-214.
12. Arti, P., Devi, D.R. Murthy, U.R. 1994. Embryogenic callus induction and plant
regeneration in forage Sorghum. Cereal research communications 22(1-2):71-77.
13. Artunduaga, I.R., Taliaferro, C.M. and Johnson, B.L. 1989. Induction and growth of
Callus from immature inflorescence of Zebra Bermuda grass as affected by casein
hydrolysate and 2, 4-D concentrations. In vitro Cell. Dev. Biol. 25: 753-756.
195
14. Arun, K.P., Bhat, B.V., Balakrishna, D. and Seetharama, N. 2010. Genetic
transformation of Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench.).
Int. J. Biotech. Biochem. 6:45-53.
15. Awika, J.M., Rooney, L.W. and Waniska, R.D. 2004. Properties of
3-deoxyanthocyanins from Sorghum. J. Agri. Food Chem. 52 (14): 4388-4394.
16. Bahieldin, A., Dyer, W.E. and Qu. R. 2000. Concentration effect of dicamba on
shoot regeneration in wheat. Plant Breed. 19,437-439.
17. Bai, Z.L., Wang, L.Q., Zheng, L.P., Li, A.J. and Wang, F.L. 1995. A study on the
callus induction and plant regeneration of different Sorghum explants.
Acta Agric Boreali Sinica 10:60–63.
18. Barcelo, P., Hagel, C., Becker, D., Martin, A. and Lorz, H. 1994b. Transgenic
cereal (Tritordeum) plants obtained at high efficiency by microprojectile
bombardment of inflorescence tissue. Plant J. 5: 583-592.
19. Baskaran, P., Rajeswari, B.R. and Jayabalan, N. 2006. Development of an in vitro
regeneration system in Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L) Moench) Using Root
transverse thin cell layers. Tur J Bot.30:1-9.
20. Battraw, M. and Hall, T.C. 1991. Stable transformation of Sorghum bicolor
protoplasts with chimeric neomycin phosphotransferase II and �-glucuronidase
genes. Theor. Appl. Genet. 82:161-168.
196
21. Beta, T., Rooney, L.W., Marovatsanga, L.T. and Taylor, J.R.N. 1999. Phenolic
compounds and kernel characteristics of Zimbabwean Sorghums.
J Sci Food Agri. 79:1003-1010.
22. Bharadwaj, C., Srivastava, R., Chauhan, S.K., Satyavathi, C.T. and Kumar, J. 2011.
Molecular diversity and phylogeny in geographical collection of chickpea
(Cicer arietinum L.) accessions. J. Genet. 90: 94-100.
23. Bhaskaran, S., Neumann, A.J. and Smith, R.H. 1988. Origin of somatic embryos
from cultured shoot tips of Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench.
In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol. 24: 947-950
24. Bhaskaran, P. and Jayabalan, N. 2005. In vitro plant regeneration and mass
propagation system for Sorghum bicolor – a valuable major cereal crop.
J Agri. Tech. 1: 345-363.
25. Bhaskaran, S. and Smith, R.H. 1988. Enhanced somatic embryogenesis in Sorghum
bicolor (L.) from shoot tip culture. In vitro Cell. Dev. Biol. 24: 65-70.
26. Bhaskaran, S. and Smith, R.H. 1989. Control of morphogenesis in Sorghum by
2, 4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid and cytokinins. Ann. Bot. 64: 217-224.
27. Bhaskaran, S. and Smith, R.H. 1990. Regeneration in cereal tissue culture a review.
Crop. Sci. 30: 1328-1337.
197
28. Bhaskaran, S., Neumann, A.J. and Smith, R.H. 1988. Origin of somatic embryos
from cultured shoot tips of Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench. In vitro Cell. Dev. Biol.
24: 947-950.
29. Bhaskaran, S., Rigoldi, M. and Smith, R.H. 1992. Developmental potential of
Sorghum shoot apices in culture. J. Plant Physiol. 140: 481-484.
30. Bhat, S. and Kuruvinashetti, M.S. 1994. Differential in vitro response of male
sterile line A 296 and its maintainer. Sorghum Newsletter 34:31.
31. Bhat, S. and Kuruvinashetti, M.S. 1995. Callus induction and plant regeneration
from immature embryos of maintainer line (B) of kharif Sorghum.
J Maharashtra Agric. Univ. 20:159.
32. Bhojwani, S.S. and Razdan, M.K. 1996. In: Plant tissue culture: theory and practice.
Elsevier science B.V. 110-111.
33. Bi, R., Kou, M.M, Chen, L.G, Mao, S.R and Wang, H.G. 2007. Plant regeneration
through callus initiation from mature embryo of Triticum. Plant Breed. 126: 9-12.
34. Botti, C. and Vasil, I.K. 1983. Plant regeneration by somatic embryogenesis from
parts of cultured mature embryos of Pennisetum americanum (L.) K. Schum.
Z Pflanzenphysio. 111: 319-325.
35. Boyes, C.J., Vasil, I.K., 1984. Plant regeneration by somatic embryogenesis from
cultured inflorescences of Sorghum arundinaceum (Desv.) Stapf. Var. Sudanese
(Sudan Grass). Plant Sci. Lett. 35: 153-157.
198
36. Brettell. R.I.S, Wernicke, W. and Thomas, E. 1980. Embryogenesis from cultured
immature inflorescences of Sorghum bicolor. Protoplasma 104: 141-148.
37. Butler, B., Schmid, J.E. and Stamp, P. 1991. Effects of L-proline and post planting
temperature treatment on maize (Zea mays L.) anther culture.
Plant Cell. Rep. 10: 325-328.
38. Butler, L.G., 1990. The nature and amelioration of the anti-nutritional effects of
tannins in sorghum grain. In: Proceeding International conference on sorghum
nutritional quality. February 26-March 1, 1996, Purdue University, Westtafayette,
pp191-205.
39. Cai, T., Daly, B. and Butler, L. 1987. Callus induction and plant regeneration shoot
positions of mature embryos of high- tannin Sorghum. Plant Cell Tiss. Org. Cult.
9:245-252.
40. Cai, T. and Butler, L .1990. Plant regeneration from embryogenic callus initiated
from immature inflorescence of several high tannins Sorghums.
Plant Cell Tiss. Org. Cult. 20: 101-110.
41. Carman, J.G., Jefferson, N.E. and Campbell, W.F. 1987. Induction of embryogenic
calli in Triticum aestivum. Quantification of genotype and culture medium effects.
Plant Cell Tiss. Org. Cult. 10: 101-113.
199
42. Carvalho, C.H.S., Zehr, U.B., Gunaratna, N., Anderson, J., Kononowicz, H.H.,
Hodges, T.K. and Axtell, J.D. 2004. Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of
Sorghum: factors that affect transformation efficiency. Genet. Mol. Biol. 27,
259-269.
43. Casas, A.M., Kononowicz, A.K., Zhang, L., Tomes, D.T., Axtell, J.D., Butler, L.G.,
Bressan, R.A. and Hasegawa, P.M. 1993. Transgenic Sorghum plants via
microprojectile bombardment. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci, U.S.A 90: 11212-11216.
44. Casas, A.M., Kononowicz, A.K., Haan, T.G., Zhang L., Tomes, G.T., Bressan, R.A.
and Hasegawa, P.M. 1997. Transgenic Sorghum plants obtained after
microprojectile bombardment of immature inflorescence. In vitro Cell. Dev. Biol.
33: 92-100.
45. Chan, M.T., Lee, T.M. and Chang, H.H. 1992. Transformation indica rice (Oryza
sativa L.) mediated by Agrobacterium. Plant Cell Physiol. 33(5): 577-583.
46. Chandrakanth, E., Sunil, K.G. and Rathore, K.S. 2002. Transgene silencing and
reactivation in Sorghum. Plant Sci. 162(2): 181-192.
47. Changalrayan, K. and Meagher, M.G. 2001. Effect of various growth regulators on
regeneration of sugarcane. In vitro Cell Develop. Biol. 37:434-439.
48. Chaudhury, A. and Qu Rongda. 2000. Somatic embryogenesis and plant
regeneration of turf-type Bermuda grass: Effect of 6-benzyladenine in callus
induction medium. Plant Cell Tiss. Org. Cult. 60: 113-120.
200
49. Cheng, M., Fry, J.E., Pang, S.Z., Zhou, H.P., Hironaka, C.M., Duncan, D.R.,
Conner, W. and Wan, Y.C. 1997. Genetic transformation of wheat mediated by
Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Plant Physiol. 115: 971-980.
50. Christou, P. 1993. Philosophy and practice of variety – independent gene transfer
into recalcitrant crops. In vitro Cell. Dev. Biol. 29: 119-124.
51. Christou P 1995 Strategies for variety-independent genetic transformation of
important cereals, legumes and woody species utilizing particle bombardment.
Euphytica. 85: 13-27.
52. Chu, C.C., Wang, C.C., Sun, C.S., Hsu, C., Yin, K.C., Chu, C.Y. and Bi. F.Y.1975.
Establishment of an efficient medium for anther culture of rice through comparative
experiments on the Nitrogen sources. Sci. Sin. 18: 658-659.
53. Datta, S.K., Potrykus, I, Bolik, M. and Wenzel, G. 1990. Culture of isolated pollen
of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Biotechnology in Agriculture and Forestry, wheat.
(ed. Bajaj Y. P. S. Springer-Verlag, Berlin 13: 435447.
54. De Block, M., Brower, D. and Tanning, B. 1989. Transformation of Brassica napus
and Brassica oleracea using Agrobacterium tumefaciens and the expression of the
bar and neo genes in the transgenic plants. Plant Physiol. 91: 694-701.
55. Desai, N.S., Suprasanna, P. and Bapat, V. A. 2004. Simple and reproducible
protocol for direct somatic embryogenesis from cultured immature inflorescence
segments of sugarcane (Saccharum spp.). Current Science 87: 6-25.
201
56. Deshpande, S.S., Cheryan, M. and Salunkhe, D.K. 1986. Tannin analysis of food
products. CRC Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr. 24: 401-449.
57. Devi, P., Zhong, H. and Sticklen, M.B. 2000. In vitro morphogenesis of pearl millet
(Pennisetum glaucum (L) R.Br.): efficient production of multiple shoots and
inflorescences from shoot apices. Plant Cell Rep. 19:546-550.
58. Devi, P.B. and Sticklen, M.B. 2001. Culturing shoot tip clumps of Sorghum bicolor
and optimal microprojectile bombardment parameters for transient expression.
J. Cytol. Genet. 2: 89-96.
59. Dicko, Mamoudou, H., Harry Gruppen., Alfred S. Traore., Alphons, G.J. Voragen.,
Willem, J.H. and Van Berkel. 2006. Sorghum grain as a human food in Africa:
relevance of content of starch and amylase activities. Afr. J. Biotech. 5(5): 384-395.
60. Dillon, S.L., Shapter, F.M., Henry, R.J., Cordeiro, G., Izquierdo, L. and Lee, S.L.
2007. Domestication to crop improvement Genetic resources for Sorghum and
Saccharum (Andropogoneae). Ann. Bot. 100: 975-989.
61. DiMaio, J.J., Shillito, R.D. 1989. Cryopreservation technology for plant cell
cultures. J. Tissue Cult. Meth. 12: 163-169.
62. Dunstan, D. I., Short, K.C. and Thomas, E. 1978. The anatomy of secondary
morphogenesis in cultural Scutellum tissue of Sorghum bicolor. Protoplasma
97:251-260.
202
63. George, L. and Eapen, S. 1990. High frequency plant regeneration through direct
shoot development and somatic embryogenesis from immature inflorescence
cultures of finger millet. Plant Sci. 48(3):269-274.
64. Ebiyau, J., Arach, T. and Serunjogi, L.K. 2005. Commercialisation of Sorghum in
Uganda. Afr. Crop. Sci. J. 7: 695-696.
65. El`konin, L.A., Enaleeva, N.K.H., Tsvetova, M.L., Belyaeva, E.V., and Ishin, A.G.
1995. Partially fertile line with Apostasy obtained from tissue culture of Male
Sterile plant of Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench). Ann. Bot. 76: 359-364.
66. Elkonin, L.A., Gudova, T.N., Ishin, A.G. and Trynov, U.S. 1993. Diploidization in
haploid tissue cultures of Sorghum. Plant Breed.110: 2014-206.
67. Elhag, H. and Butler, L.G. 1992. Effect of genotype, explant age and medium
composition on callus production and plant regeneration from immature embryos of
Sorghum. Arab. Gulf. J. Sci. Res. 10: 109-119.
68. Emani, C., Sunilkumar, G. and Rathore, K.S. 2002. Transgene silencing and
reactivation in Sorghum. Plant Sci. 162: 181-192.
69. Emons, A.M.C., Samallo-Droppers, A. and Van der Toorn, C. 1993. The influence
of sucrose, mannitol, L-proline, abscisic acid and gibberellic acid on the maturation
of somatic embryos of Zea mays L. from suspension cultures. J. plant Physiol.
142: 597-604.
203
70. Eudes, F., Acharya, S., Selinger, L.B. and Cheng, K.J. 2003. A novel method to
induce direct somatic embryogenesis, secondary embryogenesis and regeneration of
fertile green cereal plants. Plant Cell Tiss. Org. Cult. 73. 147-157.
71. Falco, M.C, Mendes, B.M., Neto, A.T. and Gloria, B.A. 1996. Histological
characterization of in vitro regeneration of Saccharum sp. Revista Brasileira de
Fisiologia Vegetal, 8(2): 93-97.
72. FAO (Food & Agricultural Organization). 2008. FAOSTAT.
http://faostat.fao.org/faostat.
73. FAO (Food and Agricultural Organization). 2010 FAOSTAT.
http://faostat.fao.org/faostat.
74. Faure, O., Dewitte, W., Nougarede, A. and Van Onckelen, H. 1998. Precociously
germinating somatic embryos of Vitis vinifera have lower ABA and IAA levels
than their germinating zygotic counterparts. Physiological Plantarum 102: 591-595.
75. Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO). 2005. FAOSTAT.
http://faostat.fao.org/faostat.
76. Gamborg, O., Shyluk, J.P., Brar, D.S. and Constabel, F. 1977. Morphogenesis and
plant regeneration from callus of immature embryos of Sorghum. Plant Sci. Lett.
10: 67-74.
204
77. Gao, Z., Jayaraj, J., Muthukrishnan, S., Larry Claflin. and Liang, G.H. 2005.
Efficient genetic transformation of Sorghum using a visual screening marker.
Genome. 48: 321-333.
78. Gelvin, S.B. 2003. Agrobacterium-Mediated Plant Transformation: the Biology
behind the “Gene-Jockeying” Tool. Micro Mol. Bio. Rev. 67, 1.
79. Gendy, C., Sene, M., Bui, V.L., Vidal, J., Tran Thanh Van, K. 1996. Somatic
embryogenesis and plant regeneration in Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench.
Plant Cell Rep. 15: 900-904.
80. George, L. and Eapen, S. 1989. Callus growth and plant regeneration in some
Indian cultivates of Sorghum. Cur. Sci. 58: 308-310.
81. George, L. and Eapen, S. 1990. High frequency plant regeneration through direct
shoot development and somatic embryogenesis from immature inflorescence
cultures of finger millet. Plant Sci. 48: 3, 269-274.
82. George, L., Eapen, S. and Rao, P.S. 1989. High frequency somatic embryogenesis
and plant regeneration from immature inflorescence culture of two Indian cultivars
of Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench. Proc Indian academy of sciences,
Plant Sci. 99: (5) 405-410.
83. Girijashankar, V., Sharma, H.C., Sharma, K.K., Swathisree, V., Sivarama Prasad,
L., Bhat, B.V., Royer, M., Secundo, B.S., Narasu, M.L., Altosaar, I., Seetharama,
N. 2005. Development of transgenic Sorghum for insect resistance against the
spotted stem borer (Chilo partellus). Plant Cell Rep. 24: 513-522.
205
84. Girijashankar, V., Sharma, K.K., Balakrishna, P. and Seetharama, N. 2007. Direct
somatic embryogenesis and organogenesis pathway of plant regeneration can
seldom occur simultaneously within the same explant of Sorghum. J SAT Agri. Res,
3 (1): 1-3.
85. Gnansounou, E., Dauriat, A., Wyman, C.E. 2005. Refining sweet Sorghum to
ethanol and sugar: Economic trade-offs in the context of north china. Bioresour.
Technol. 96: 985-1002.
86. Godwin, I. and Chikwamba, R. 1994. Transgenic grain Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor)
plants via Agrobacterium. In: Improvement of cereal quality by genetic
engineering. (eds. Henery, R.J. Ronalds, J.A.). Plenum Press, New York. 47-53.
87. Gould, J., Devey, M., Hasegawa, O., Ulian, E.C., Peterson, G. and Smith, R.H.
1991. Transformation of Zea mays L. using Agrobacterium tumefaciens and the
shoot tips. Plant Physiol. 95: 426-434.
88. Grootboom, A.W., Mkhonza, N.L., O’Kennedy, M.M., Chakauya, E., Kunert, K.
and Chikwamba, R.K. 2010. Biolistic mediated Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.)
Moench) transformation via mannose and bialaphos based selection systems.
Int. J. Bot. 6(2): 1811-9719.
89. Grootboom, A.W., O`Kennedy, M.M., Mkhonza, N.L., Kunert, K., Chakauya, E.
and Chikwamba, R.K. 2008. In vitro culture and plant regeneration of Sorghum
genotypes using immature zygotic embryos as explant source. Int. J. Bot.
4: 450-455.
206
90. Gupta, S., Khanna, V.K, Rameshwar, S. and Garg, G.K. 2006. Strategies for
overcoming genotypic imitations of in vitro regeneration and determination of
genetic components of variability of plant regeneration traits in Sorghum. Plant Cell
Tiss. Org. Cult. 86:379-388.
91. Gupta, S.D. and Conger, B.V. 1998. In vitro differentiation of multiple shoot
clumps from intact seedlings of switch grass. In vitro Cell. Dev. Biol. Plant
34: 196-202.
92. Gupta, S.D. and Conger, B.V. 1999. Somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration
from suspension cultures of switch grass. Crop Sci. 39: 243-247.
93. Gurel, S., Gurel, E., Kaur, R., Wong, J., Meng, L., Tan, H.Q. and Lemaux, P.G.
2009. Efficient reproducible Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of Sorghum
using heat treatment of immature embryos. Plant Cell Rep. 28:429-444.
94. Haberlandt, G. 1902. Kuturvesuche mit isolleirten pflanzenzellen, Sitzungsber.
Akad. Wiss. Wiss. Wien. Mathe Naturwiss calss III ABT, 1: 69-92.
95. Hagio, T. 1994. Varietals Difference of plant Regeneration from callus of Sorghum
mature seed. Breed. Sci. 44: 121-126.
96. Hagio, T. 2002. Adventitious shoot regeneration from immature embryo of
Sorghum. Plant Cell Tiss. Org. Cult. 68:65-72.
97. Hahn, D.H., Rooney, L.W. and Earp, C.F. 1984. Tannins and phenols of Sorghum.
Cereal Foods World 29:776–779.
207
98. Harborne, J.B. 1994. Do natural plant phenols play a role in ecology? Acta Hort.
381: 36-43.
99. Harshavardhan, D., Rani, T.S., Ulaganathan, K., Seetharama, N. 2002. An
improved protocol for regeneration of Sorghum bicolor from isolated shoot apices.
Plant Biotech. 19:163-171.
100. Hasegawa, P.M., Kononowicz, A.K., Casas, A.M., Tomes, D.T. and Bressan, R.A.
1995. New vistas are opened for Sorghum improvement by genetic transformation.
Afri. Crop Sc.i J. 3 (2): 171-180.
101. Hiei, Y., Komari, T. and Kubo, T. 1997. Transformation of rice mediated by
Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Plant Mol. Biol. 35: 205-218.
102. Hiei, Y., Ishida, Y., Kasaoka, K. and Komari, T. 2006. Improved frequency of
transformation in rice and maize by treatment of immature embryos with
centrifugation and heat prior to infection with Agrobacterium tumefaciens.
Plant Cell Tiss. Org. Cult. 87: 233-243.
103. Hiei, Y., Ohta, S., Komari, T., Kumashiro, T. 1994. Efficient transformation of rice
(Oryza sativa L.) mediated by Agrobacterium and sequence analysis of the
boundaries of the T-DNA. The plant J. 6: 271-282.
104. Horsch, R.B., Fraley, R.T., Rogers, S.G., Sanders, P.R., Lloyd, A. and Hoffman,
N.L. 1984. Inheritance of functional foreign genes in plants. Science 233:496-498.
208
105. House, L.R. 1995. Sorghum: One of the world’s great cereals.
Afr. Crop Sci. J. 3:135-142.
106. Howe, A., Sato, S., Dweikat, I., Fromm, M., Clemente, T. 2006. Rapid and
reproducible Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of Sorghum.
Plant Cell Rep. 25: 784-791.
107. Indra, A.P. and Krishnaveni, S. 2009. Effect of hormones, explants and genotypes
in in vitro culturing of Sorghum. J. Biochem. Tech. 1:96-103.
108. International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT). 2010.
An Endowment fund for Sorghum and pearl millet Research Enhanced nutritional
security, biodiversity and environmental sustainability.
www.icrisat.org/Investors/Flyers/59Endowment%20fund_D_scr.pdf. Accessed 14
Jan 2010.
109. Isenhour, D.J., Duncan, R.R., Miller, D.R., Waskom, R.M., Hanning G.E.,
Wiseman, B.R. and Nabors, M.W. 1991. Resistance to leaf feeding by the fall
armyworm in tissue culture derived Sorghum. J. Econ. Entomol. 84 (2): 680-684.
110. Ishida, Y., Saito, H., Ohta, S., Hiei, Y., Komari, T. and Kumashiro, T. 1996 High
efficiency transformation of maize (Zea mays L) mediated by Agrobacterium
tumefaciens. Nature Biotech. 14: 745-750.
111. Ishida, Y., Hiei, Y., Komari, T. 2007. Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of
maize. Nat Prot. 2(7): 1614-1621.
209
112. Jason, N.B., David, G., Mann, J., Joyce, B.L., Stewart, C.N.Jr. 2009. An Improved
Tissue Culture System for Embryogenic Callus Production and Plant Regeneration
in Switch grass (Panicum virgatum L.). Bioenerg. Res. 2: 267-274.
113. Lee, J.M., Donaghy, D.J., Sathish, P. and Roche, R. 2009. Interaction between
water-soluble carbohydrate reserves and defoliation severity on the regrowth of
perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) – dominant swards.
Grass and Forage Sci. 64: 266-275.
114. Jefferson, R.A, Kavanagh, T.A. and Bevan, M.W. 1987. GUS fusion: �-
glucuronidase as a sensitive and versatile gene fusion marker in higher plants.
EMBO J. 6: 3907-3910.
115. Jeoung, J.M. Krishnaveni, S., Muthukrishna, S., Trick, H.N. and Liang, G.H. 2002.
Optimization of Sorghum transformation using genes for green florescent protein
and B-Glucuronidase as visual markers. Heriditas. 137:20-28.
116. Jeoung, J.M., Krishnaveni, S., Jayaraj, J., Haying Yi., Trick, H.N., Muthukrishna, S.
and Liang, G.H. 2002a. Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of grain Sorghum.
In Sorghum tissue culture and transformation. Eds. N. Seetharama and I. Godwin.
Oxford and IBH Pub. 57-64.
117. Jha, P., Yadav, C.B., Anjaiah, V. and Bhat, V. 2009. In vitro plant regeneration
through somatic embryogenesis and direct shoot organogenesis in Pennisetum
glaucum (L.) R. Br. In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol. Plant 45:145-154.
210
118. Jogeswar, G., Ranadheer, D., Anjaiah, V. and Kishor, P.B.K. 2007. High frequency
somatic embryogenesis and regeneration in different genotypes of Sorghum bicolor
(L.) Moench from immature inflorescence explants.
In Vitro Cell Dev. Biol. Plant 43:159-166.
119. Joshi, R., Shukla, L. and Kumar, P. 2010. Interactive effect of GA3 and polyamines
on in vitro somatic embryogenesis from immature embryos in maize (Zea mays L.).
Maydica 55:111-119.
120. Kaeppler, H.F. and Pedersen, J.F. 1996. Media effects on phenotype of callus
cultures initiated from photoperiod-insensitive, elite in bred Sorghum lines.
Maydica 41:83-89.
121. Kaeppler, H.F. and Pedersen, J. F. 1997. Evaluation of 41 elite and exotic inbred
Sorghum genotypes for high quality callus production. Plant Cell Tiss. Org. Cult.
48: 71-75.
122. Kargi, F., Curme, J.A. and Sheehan, J.J. 1985. Solid-state fermentation of sweet
Sorghum to ethanol. Biotech. Bioeng. 27: 34-40.
123. Karlsson, S.B. and Vasil, I.K. 1986a. Morphology and ultra structure of
embryogenic cell suspension cultures of Panicum maximum Jacq. (Guinea grass)
and Pennisetum purpureum schum. (Napier grass). J. Bot. 73:894-901
124. Karp, A. 1991. On the current understanding of somaclonal variation. Oxford
Surveys of Pl Mol. Cell Biol. 7: 1-58.
211
125. Karthkeyan, A., Pandian, S.T.K., and Ramesh, M. 2009. High frequency plant
regeneration from embryogenic callus of a popular indica rice (Oryza sativa L.).
Plant Physiol. Mol. Biol. 15 (4): 371-375.
126. Ketchum, J.L.F., Gamborg, O.L., Hanning, G.E. and Nabors, M.W. 1987. Millet
tissue culture for crops project progress report. Dept. of Botany, Colorado State
University, Fort Collins, Colorado, PP. 38-39.
127. Kigozi, J., Byaruhanga, Y., Kaaya, A.N. and Banadda, N. 2011. Development of
the production process for Sorghum ice-cream cones. J. Food. Tech. 9; 143-149.
128. Kishor, P.B.K., Dhar, A.C. and Naidu, K.R. 1992. Plant regeneration in tissue
cultures of some millets. Indian J. Expt. Bot. 30: 729-733.
129. Kishore, S.N., Visarada, K.B.R.S., Aravinda, L.Y., Pashupatinath, E., Rao, S.V. and
Seetharama, N. 2006. In vitro culture methods in Sorghum with shoot tips the
explant material. Plant Cell Rep. 25:174-182.
130. Kong, Y., Zhou, G., Wang, G. and Wang, Y. 2000. Factors affecting transformation
of Agrobacterium tumefaciens and their application on cereals. Ying Yong Sheng
Tai Xue Bao. 11 (5): 791-794.
131. Kott, L.S. and Kasha, K.J. 1984. Initiation and morphological development of
somatic embryoids from barley cell cultures. Can. J. Bot. 62: 1245-1249.
212
132. Kresovich, S., McGec, R.E., Panella, L., Reilly, A.A. and Miller, F.R. 1987.
Application of cell and tissue culture techniques for the genetic improvement of
Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench): Progress and potential.
Advances Agro. 41: 147-171.
133. Kononowicz, A.K., Casas, A.M., Tomes, D.T., Bressan, R.A. and Hasegawa, P.M.
1995. New vistas are opened for Sorghum improvement by genetic transformation.
Afri. Crop Sci. J. 3(2): 171-180.
134. Kresovich, S, McGee, R.E. and Wadsworth, S.J. 1986. In vitro genotypic responses
of sweet Sorghum to the synthetic auxins. Sorghum Newsletter 29:94-96.
135. Kumar, S., Agarwal, K. and Kothari, S.L. 2001. In vitro induction and enlargement
of apical domes and formation of multiple shoots in finger millet, Eleusine
coracana (L.) Gaertn and Crowfoot grass, Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn.
Curr. Sci. 81: 1482-1485.
136. Kumar, S. and Bhat, V. 2012. High-frequency direct plant regeneration via multiple
shoot induction in the apomictic forage grass Cenchrus ciliaris L.
In vitro Cell. Dev. Biol. 48: 241-248.
137. Kuruvinashetti, M.S., Patil, V.M., Sumangala bhat. and Maheshwar, Hedge. 1998.
High frequency plant regeneration from embryogenic callus cultures in genus
Sorghum. Indian J. Agri. Sci. 68(1): 27-28.
213
138. Laopaiboon, L., Thanonkeo, P., Jaisil, P. and Laopaiboon, P. 2007. Ethanol
production from sweet Sorghum juice in batch and fed-batch fermentations by
Saccharomyces cerevisiae. World J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 23: 1497-1501.
139. La Rue, C.D. 1949. Cultures on the endosperm of Maize. American J. Bot.
34: 585-586.
140. Lichtenstein, C.P. and Draper, J. 1985. Genetic engineering of plants. In DM
Glover, ed, DNA Cloning, A Practical Approach. Vol 2. IRP Press, Washington,
DC, 67-119.
141. Liu, G.S., Zhou, Q.Y., Song, S.Q., Jing, H.C., Gu, W.B., Li, X.F., Su, M.,
Srinivasan, R. 2009. Research advances into germplasm resources and molecular
biology of the energy crop sweet Sorghum. China Bull. Bot. 44: 253-261.
(In Chinese with English abstract).
142. Lu, C. and Vasil, I.K. 1985. Histology of somatic embryogenesis in Panicum
maximum jacq. (Guinea grass). American J. Bot. 72: 1908-1913.
143. Lu, C,, Vasil, V. and Vasil, I.K. 1983. Improved efficiency of somatic
embryogenesis and plant regeneration in tissue culture of maize (Zea mays L.) TAG.
66: 285-289.
144. Liu, G. and Godwin, I.D. 2012. Highly efficient Sorghum transformation.
Plant Cell Rep. 31: 999-1007.
214
145. Lu, L., Wu, X., Yin, X., Morrand, J., Chen, X., Folk, W.R. and Zhang, Z.J. 2009.
Developments of marker free transgenic Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench)
using standard binary vectors with bar as a selectable marker.
Plant Cell Tiss. Org. Cult. 99:97–108
146. Lusardi, M.C. and Lupotto, E. 1990. Somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration
in Sorghum species. Maydica 35 (1): 59-66.
147. Mohamed, E.A., Youssef, S.S., Selim, E.E.M. and Ghonaim, M.M. 2008. Genetic
diversity among Sorghum bicolor genotypes using simple sequence repeats (SSRs)
markers. Arab. J. Biotech. 11: 181-192.
148. MacKinnon C, Gunderson G., Nabors MW (1986). Plant regeneration by somatic
embryogenesis from callus cultures of sweet Sorghum. Plant Cell Rep. 5: 349-351.
149. Mackinnon, C.G., Gunderson and Nabors, M.W. 1987. High efficiency plant
regeneration by somatic embryogenesis from callus of mature embryo explants of
bred wheat and Sorghum. In vitro Cell. Dev. Biol. 23: 443-448.
150. Maheshwari, N., Rajyalakshmi, K., Baweja, K., Dhir, S.K., Chowdhry, C.N. and
Maheswari, S.C. 1995 In vitro culture of wheat and genetics transformation-
retrospect and prospect. Critical Review of Plant Sci. 14: 149-178.
151. Maheswari, M., Jyothi Lakshmi, N., Yadav, S.K, Varalaxmi, Y., Vijaya Lakshmi,
A., Vanaja, M. and Venkateswarlu, B. 2006. Efficient plant regeneration from shoot
apices of Sorghum. Biol. Plantarum 50:741-744.
215
152. Makobe, M.N., Kahangi, E.M., Misra, A.K. and Imbuga, M.O. 2006. Development
of hardy Sorghum cultivars for the Arid and Semi Arid regions. African Crop Sci J.
14: 297-309.
153. Malik, K.A. and Saxena, P. K. 1992. Regeneration of Phaseolus vulgaris L: High
frequency induction of direct shoot formation in intact seedlings by N-6-
Benzylaminopurine and Thidiazuron. Planta.186: 384-389.
154. Mall, T.K., Dweikat, I., Sato, S.J., Neresian, N., Xu, K., Ge, Z., Wang, D., Elthon,
T. and Clemente, T. 2011. Expression of the rice CDPK-7 in Sorghum: molecular
and phenotypic analyses. Plant Mol. Biol. 75:467-479.
155. Manjula, S.M., Kuruvinashetti, M.S. and Harti, C.C. 2000. Regeneration,
establishment and evaluation of somaclonal in Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench.
Euphytica. 115:3, 173-180.
156. Maqbool, S.B., Devi, P. and Sticklen, M. 2001. Biotechnology: genetic
improvement of Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench.
In vitro Cell Dev. Biol. Plant. 37: 504-515.
157. Mariani, T.S., Miyake, H. and Takeoka, Y. 2000. Improvement of direct somatic
embryogenesis in rice by selecting the optimal development stage of explant and
applying desiccation treatment. Plant Prod. Sci. 3: 114-123.
158. Masteller, V.M. and Holden, D.J. 1970. The growth of and organ formation from
callus tissue of Sorghum. Plant Physiol. 107: 679-685.
216
159. Miller, D.R., Waskom, R.M., Duncan, R.R., Chapman, P.L., Brick, M.A., Hanning,
G.E., Timm, D.A. and Nabars, M.W. 1992. Acid soil stress tolerance in tissue
culture-derived Sorghum lines. Crop. Sci. 32: 324-327.
160. Mirakabad, H.Z., Bagheri, A.R. and Mehrjerdi, M.Z. 2010. Efficient protocol for
break impasses of regeneration via callus for 20 genotypes of chickpea.
International Journal of Plant Production 4(2):117-130.
161. Mishra, A. and Khurana, P. 2003. Genotype dependent somatic embryogenesis and
regeneration from leaf base cultures of Sorghum bicolor. J. Plant Biochem. Biotech.
12: 53-56.
162. Misuk, S., Takahara, M., Ebina, M. and Takamizo, T. 2008. Evaluation of tissue
culture response from mature seeds of Panicum spp. Grassland Sci. 54: 125-130.
163. Morocz, S., Donn, G., Nemeth, J. and Dudits, D. 1990. An improved system to
obtain fertile regenerants via maize protoplasts isolated from a highly embryogenic
maize suspension culture. Theor. Appl. Genet. 80: 721-726.
164. Morrish, F., Vasil, V. and Vasil, I.K. 1987. Developmental morphogenesis and
genetic manipulation in tissue and cell culture of the Gramineae. Adv. Genet.
24: 431-499.
165. Murashige, T., Skoog, F. 1962. A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays
with tobacco tissue cultures. Plant Physiol. 15: 473-497.
217
166. Murthy, B.N.S., Murch, S.J., Saxena, P.K. 1998. Thidiazuron: a potent regulator of
in vitro plant morphogenesis. In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol. Plant 34:267-275.
167. Murty, U.R., Visarada, A.A. and Bharathi, M.1990. Developing tissue culture
system for Sorghum. Cereal Res. Commun. 18 (4): 355-358.
168. Murty, U.R., Visarada, K.B.R.S., Annapurna, A. and Bharathi, M. 1990b.
Developing tissue culture system for Sorghum. (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench).
Plant regeneration from embryogenic callus. Cereal Res. Commun. 18:355-358.
169. Murty, U.R., Visarada, K.B.R.S., Annapurna, A. and Bharathi, M. 1990a.
Developing tissue culture system for Sorghum. (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench).
Embryogenic callus induction from elite genotypes. Cereal Res. Commun.
18:257-262.
170. Mythili, P.K., Madhavi, A., Reddy, V.D. and Seetharama, N. 2001. Efficient
regeneration of pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.) from shoot tip
cultures. Indian J. Exp. Biol. 39: 1274-1279.
171. Mythili, P.K., Rani, T.S., Sairam, R.V., Reddy, V.D., Harshavardhan, D. and
Seetharama, N. 2004. Sorghum tissue culture and transformation research. Sorghum
tissue culture and transformation. Eds. N. Seetharama and I. Godwin. Oxford and
IBH Pub. 51-56.
172. Mythili, P.K., Reddy, V.D. and Seetharama, N. 2001. Regeneration and analysis of
genetic variability in wild Sorghum, S. australiense Graber and Snyder. Cytologia.
66: 341-348.
218
173. Nadolska Orczyk, A., Orczyk, W. and Przetakiewicz, A. 2000. Polish Acad. of Sci.
PL quarterly 22.
174. Naryanaswamy, S. 1959. Experimental studies on growth of excised grass embryos
In vitro, 1. Overgrowth of the Scutellum of Pennisetum embryos.
Phytomorphology, 9: 358-367.
175. Nguyen, V., Thu, T., Claeys, M. and Angenon, G. 2007. Agrobacterium-mediated
transformation of Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.). Moench) using an improved in
vitro regeneration system. Plant Cell Tiss. Org. Cult. 91:155-164.
176. Nhut, D.T., Van Le, B. and Tran Thanh Van, K. 2000. Somatic embryogenesis and
direct shoot regeneration of rice (Oryza sativa L.) using thin cell layer culture of
apical meristematic tissue. J. Plant Physiol. 157: 559-565.
177. Nirwan, R.S. and Kothari, S.L. 2004. High frequency shoots organogenesis in
Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench. J Plant Biochem.Biotech.13:149-152.
178. O’Kennedy, M.M. Smith, G. and Botha, F.C. 2004. Improved regeneration
efficiency of a pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L) R.Br.)Breeding line. South
Afri. J. Bot.. 70(4):502-508.
179. Oka, S., Saito, N. and Kawaguchi, H. 1995. Histological observations on initiation
and morphogenesis in immature and mature embryo derived callus of barley
(Hordeum vulgare L.). Ann. Bot. 76: 484-492.
219
180. Oldach, K.H., Morgenstern, A., Rother, S., Girgi, M., O`Kennedy, M.M. and Lorz,
H. 2001. Efficient in vitro plant millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L.). R.Br.) and
Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench. Plant Cell Rep. 20: 416-421.
181. Oldach, K.H., Becker, D. and Lorz, H. 2001. Heterologous expression of genes
mediating enhanced fungal resistance in transgenic wheat.
Mol. Plant Microbe. Interact. 14: 832-838.
182. Ouf, A.A., Sharaf, M.A., Taweel, F.M.M.A. 1996. An efficient regeneration system
for sweet Sorghum, Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench. Ann. Agri. Sci. Moshtonor.
34(4): 1381-1388.
183. Ozias, A.P., Anderson, W.F. and Holbrook, C.C. 1992. Somatic embryogenesis in
Arachis hypogaea L. genotype comparison. Plant Sci. 83: 103-111.
184. Ozias-Akins P & Vasil IK (1983) Improved e�ciency and normalization of somatic
embryogenesis in Triticum aestivum (wheat). Protoplasma. 117: 40–44.
185. Ozias-Akins, P. and Vasil, I.K. 1982. Plant regeneration from cultured immature
embryos and inflorescences of Triticum aestivum L. (wheat): evidence for somatic
embryogenesis. Protoplasma. 110: 95-105.
186. Pareddy, D.R., Petolino, J.F. 1990. Somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration
from immature influence of several elite inbreeds of maize. Plant Sci. 67: 211-219.
187. Patel, D.B., Barve, D.M., Nagar, N. and Mehta, A.R. 1994. Regeneration of pigeon
pea (Cajanus cajan) through somatic embryogenesis. Ind. J. Exp. Biol. 23: 740-744.
220
188. Peng, J., Knonowicz, H. and Hodges, T.K. 1992. Transgenic indica rice plants.
Theor. Appl. Genet. 83: 855-863.
189. Pietta, P.G., 2000. Flavonoids as antioxidants. J. Nat. Prod. 63: 1035-1042.
190. Pius, J., George, L., Eapen, S. and Rao, P.S. 1993. Enhanced plant regeneration in
Pearl millet (Pennisetum americanum), by ethylene inhibitors and Cefotaxime.
Plant Cell Tiss. Org. Cult. 32: 91-96.
191. Pola, S. and Mani, N.S. 2006. Somatic embryogenesis and plantlet regeneration in
Sorghum bicolor (L.). Moench from leaf segments. J. Cell Mol. Biol. 5:99-107.
192. Pola, S., Mani, N.S. and Ramana, T. 2007. Enhanced shoot regeneration in tissue
culture studies of Sorghum bicolor. J. Agri. Tech. 3:275-286.
193. Pola, S., Mani, N.S. and Ramana, T. 2008. Plant tissue culture studies in Sorghum
bicolor: immature embryo explants as the source material. Int. J. Plant Prod.
2:1-14.
194. Pola, S., Mani, N.S. and Ramana, T. 2009. Long Term maintenance of callus
cultures from immature embryo of Sorghum bicolor. World J. Agri. Sci. 5:415-421.
195. Pola, S., Mani, N.S. and Ramana, T. 2009. Mature embryo as a source material for
efficient regeneration response in Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench.). Seed
Sci. J. 26:93-104.
221
196. Prathibha Devi, B. and Sticklen, M.B. 2001. Culturing shoot tip clumps of Sorghum
bicolor and optimal Microprojectile bombardment parameters for transient
expression. J. Cytol. Genet. 2 (NS): 89-96.
197. Puddephat, I.J., Riggs, T.J. and Fenning, T.M. 1996. Transformation Brassica
oleracea L: a critical review. Mol. Breed. 2: 185-21.
198. Raemakers, C.J.J.M., Jacobsen, E. and Visser, R.G.F. 1995. Secondary somatic
embryogenesis and applications in plant breeding. Euphytica 81: 93-107.
199. Rakshit, S., Zerka, R., Sekhar, J.C., Fatma, T. and Sain, D. 2010. Callus induction
and whole plant regeneration in elite Indian maize (Zea mays L.) inbreeds. Plant
Cell Tiss. Org. Cult. 100(1):31-37.
200. Rao, A.M. and Kishor, P.B.K. 1989. In vitro plant regeneration potential from
callus cultures of grain Sorghum. Current Sci. 58: 692-693.
201. Rao, R.V.R., Pavan Kumar, G., Subba Rao, M.V. and Manga, V. 2000. Differential
in vitro response of genotypes of Sorghum. Phytomorphology 50 (3&4) 253-260.
202. Rao, A.M., Padmasree, K., Kishor, P.B.K. 1995. Enhanced plant regeneration in
grain and sweet Sorghum by asparagine, proline and cefotaxime. Plant Cell Rep.
15: 72-75.
222
203. Rathus, C., Adkins, A.L., Henry, R.J., Adkins, S.W. and Godwin, I.D. 1996.
Progress towards transgenic Sorghum. In: Proceedings of Third Australian Sorghum
Conference, Tamworth Feb 20-22, 1996. (eds. Foale M A, Henzell R G and Kneipp
J F. Occasional publication, no. 93 pp: 409-414) Australian Institute of Agricultural
Science, Melbourne, Australia.
204. Rathus, C., Nguyen, T., Able, J.A., Gray, S.J. and Godwin, I.D. 2004. Optimizing
Sorghum Transformation Technology via somatic embryogenesis. In Sorghum
Tissue culture and Transformation (Eds, N. Seetharama and I. Godwin). P.P 25-34.
205. Ratnayaka, I.J., 1999. Agrobacterium-mediated gene transformation of rice:
comparison of callus and shoot apex derived plants. PhD dissertation. Texas A&M
University, College station, U.S.A.
206. Repellin, A., Baga, M., Jauhar, P. and Chibbar, R.N. 2001. Genetic enrichment of
cereal crops via alien gene transfer: new challenges. Plant Cell Tiss. Org. Cult.
64: 159-183.
207. Rooney, W.L., Blumenthal, J., Bean, B. and Mullet, J.E. 2007. Designing Sorghum
as a dedicated bioenergy feedstock. Biofuels Bioprod. Bioref. 1: 147-157.
208. Rout, J.R. and Lucas, W.J. 1996. Characterization and manipulation of
embryogenic response from in vitro cultured immature inflorescence of rice.
Planta. 198: 127-138.
223
209. Sadia, B., Josekutty, P.C., Potlakayala, S.D., Patel, P., Goldman, S. and
Rudrabhatla, S.V. 2010. An efficient protocol for culturing meristems of Sorghum
hybrids. Inter. J. Exp. Bot. 77: 177-181.
210. Saharan, V., Yadav, R.C., Yadav, N.R. and Chapagain, B.P. 2004. High frequency
plant regeneration from desiccated calli of indica rice (Oryza sativa L.).
Afri. J. Biotech. 3(5): 256-259.
211. Sahasrabudhe, N.A., Nandi, M., Bahulikar, R.A., Rao, P.S. and Suprasanna, P.
2000. A two-step approach to scale up green plant regeneration through somatic
embryogenesis from in vitro cultured immature inflorescence of a male sterile line
and a maintainer line of rice. J. New Seed. 2: 1-10.
212. Sahi, S.V., Chilton, M.D. and Chiiton, W.S. (1990). Corn metabolites affect growth
and virulence of Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 87,
3879-3883
213. Sahoo, L., Sushma, Sugla, T., Singh, N.D. and Jaiwal, P.K. 2000. In vitro plant
regeneration and recovery of cowpea (Vigna Unguiculata) transformants via
Agrobacterium mediated transformation. Plant Cell Biotech. Mol. Biol.
1(1&2): 47-54.
214. Sairam, R.V., Seetharama, N., Shyamala, T. and Devi, P.S. 2000. Plant regeneration
from scutella of immature embryos of diverse Sorghum genotypes.
Cereal Res. Commun.28: 279-285.
224
215. Sairam, R.V., Seetharama, N., Devi, P.S., Verma, A., Murthy, U.R. and Potrykus, I.
1999. Culture and regeneration of mesophyll derived protoplasts of Sorghum
bicolor (L.) Moench. Plant Cell Rep. 18: 972-977.
216. Sanford, J. C. 1988. The biolistic process. Trends in Biotech. 6: 229-303.
217. Sarvesh, A., Reddy, T.P., Kishor, P.B.K. 1994. Somatic embryogenesis and
organogenesis in Guizotia abyssinica. In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol. Plant 30: 104-107.
218. Sato, S., Clemente, T., Dweikat, I. 2004. Identification of an elite Sorghum
genotype with high in vitro performance capacity.
In Vitro Cell Dev. Biol. Plant. 40(1):57–60.
219. Seetharama, N., Sairam, R.V. and Rani, T.S. 2000. Regeneration of Sorghum shoot
tip cultures and field performance of progeny. Plant Cell Tiss. Org. Cult.
61: 169-173.
220. Serhantova, V., Ehrenbergerova, J. and Ohnoutkova, L. 2004. Callus induction and
regeneration efficiency of spring barley cultivars registered in the Czech Republic.
Plant soil. Environ. 50, (10):456-462.
221. Sata, S.J., Bagatharia, S.B., Thaker, V.S. 2000. Induction of direct somatic
embryogenesis in garlic (Allium sativum). Methods Cell Sci. 22: 299-304.
222. Saxena, P.K, Malik, K.A. and Gill, R. 1992. Induction by thidiazuron of somatic
embryogenesis in intact seedlings of peanuts. Planta. 187: 421-424.
225
223. Shan, X., Li, D. and QU, R. 2000. Thidiazuron promotes in vitro regeneration of
wheat and barley. In vitro Cell. Dev. Biol. Plant 36:207-210.
224. Sharma, K.K., Mathur, P.B. and Thorpe, T.A. 2005. Genetic transformation
technology: Status and problems. In vitro Cell Dev. Bio.. 41(2): 102-112.
225. Sharma, V, Kothari, S.L. and Chandra, N. 1989. In vitro regeneration, field transfer
of plantlets and growth to maturity of plant of Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench.
Current Sci.. S8: 586-588.
226. Shimamoto, K., Terada, R., Izawa, T. and Fujimoto, H. 1989. Fertile transgenic rice
plants regenerated from transformed protoplasts. Nature 338: 274-276.
227. Shrawat, A., Lorz, H., 2006. Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of cereals: a
promising approach crossing barriers. Plant Biotech. J. 4: 575-603.
228. Skoog, F. and Miller, C.O. 1957. Chemical regulation of growth and organ
formation in plant tissues cultured in vitro. Symp. Soc. Exp. Biol. 11: 118-131.
229. Smith, R.H. and Hood, E.E. 1995. Agrobacterium tumefaciens transformation of
monocotyledons. Crop Sci. 35: 301-309.
230. Smith, C.W and Frederiksen, R.A. 2000. Sorghum: Origin, History, Technology
and Production. New York, NY. John Wiley and Sons, 824.
231. Strogonov, B.P., Komizerko, E.I. and Butenko, R.G. 1968. Culturing of Isolated
Glasswort-D Sorghum-M Sweet Clover-D and Cabbage-D Tissues for Comparative
226
Study of Their Salt Resistance Salicornia-Herbacea-D Sorghum-Vulgare-M
Melilotus-Albus-D Brassica-Oleracea-D. Soviet Plant Physiology 15, 173-177.
232. Shyamala, D., Prathibha, D. 2003. Efficient regeneration of Sorghum (Sorghum
bicolor (L.) Moench) from shoot-tip explant. Ind. J. Expt. Biol. 41:1482-1486.
233. Tadesse, Y., Sagi, L., Swennen, R. and Jacobs, M. 2003. Optimization of
transformation conditions and production of transgenic Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor)
via microprojectile bombardment. Plant Cell Tiss. Org. Cult. 75(1): 1-18.
234. Taylor, M.G. and Vasil, I.K. 1996a. The ultra structure of somatic embryo
development in pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum; poaceae). American J. Bot.
83: 28-44.
235. Thomas, E., King, P.J. and Potrykus, I. 1977. Shoot and embryo-like structure
formation from cultured tissue of Sorghum bicolor. Naturwissen Schafter 64: 587.
236. Tingay, S., McElroy, D., Kalla, R., Fieg, S., Wang, M., Thornton, S. and Brettell, R.
1997. Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated barely transformation. Plant J.
11: 1369-1376.
237. Toriyama, K., Arimoto, Y., Uchimiya, H. and Hinata, K. 1988. Transgenic rice
plants after direct gene transfer into protoplasts. Bio/technology 6: 1072-1074.
227
238. Ulaganathan, K., Ghosh, M., Aparna, G., Harshavardhan, D., Prasanna Basha, S.
and Daida, P. 2001. Targeted approach for grain mold resistance in Sorghum.
Special Indian Edition, Sorghum Tissue Culture and Transformation pp 105-110.
Center for Plant Molecular Biology, Osmania University Hyderabad, India.
239. Usami, S., Morikawa, S., Takebe, I. and Machida, Y. 1987. Absence in
monocotyledonous plants of the diffusible plant factors inducing T-DNA
circularization and vir gene expression in Agrobacterium. Mol. Gen. Genet.
209: 221-226.
240. Vasil, I.K. 1987. Developing cell and tissue culture systems for the improvement of
cereal and grass crop. J. Plant Physiol. 128: 193-218.
241. Vasil. I.K. 1990. The realities and challenges of plant biotechnology.
Bio/technology 8: 296-301.
242. Vasil, I.K. 1994. Molecular improvement of cereals. Plant Mol. Bio. 25: 925-937.
243. Vasil, I.K. and Vasil, V. 1986. Regeneration in cereals and other grass species. In
I.K. Vasil (ed.) Cell culture and somatic cell Genetics of plants. Vol. 3. Academic
press. New York, pp. 121-150.
244. Vasil, I.K. and Vasil, V. 1994. In vitro culture of cereals and grasses. In: Plant Cell
and tissue culture (Eds. Vasil I K and Thorpe T A), Kluwer Academic Publishers,
Dordrecht. The Netherlands, pp. 293-312.
228
245. Vasil, V. And Vasil, I.K. 1981. Somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration from
tissue cultures of Pennisetum americanum, and P. americanum x P. purpureum
hybrid. Amer. J. Bot. 68: 864-872.
246. Vasil, V. and Vasil, I.K. 1982a. Characterization of embryogenic suspension culture
derived from inflorescence of pearl millet Pennisetum americanum (pearl millet;
Gramineae). American J. Bot. 69: 1441-1449.
247. Vasil, V. and Vasil, I.K. 1986. Plant regeneration from friable embryogenic callus
and cell suspension culture of Zea mays. J. Plant Physiol. 124: 399-408.
248. Vasil, I.K. 1987. Developing cell and tissue culture systems for the improvement of
cereal and grass crops. J. Plant Physiol. 128: 193-218.
249. Vasil, V. and Vasil, I.K. 1982. The ontogeny of somatic embryos of
Pennisetum americanum (L) k.schum.i.in cultured immature embryos. Botany gaz.
143:454-465.
250. Vasil, V. and Vasil, I.K. 1981. Somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration from
tissue cultures of Pennisetum americanum and P. americanum × P. purpureum
hybrid. Amer. J. Bot. 68: 864-872.
251. Venkatachalam, P., Geetha, N., Priya, P., Rajaseger, G. and Jayabalan, N. 2000.
Efficient callus induction and plant regeneration from immature anthers of rice
(Oryza sativa L.) via somatic embryogenesis. Plant Cell Biotech. Mol. Biol.
1(1&2):55-62.
229
252. Venkatachalam, P., Kishor, P.B.K. and Jayabalan. N. 1999. A rapid protocol for
somatic embryogenesis from immature leaflets of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.).
In vitro Cell. Dev. Biol. Plant. 35: 409.
253. Venkatachalam, P., Kishore, P.B.K. and Jayabalan, N. 1997. High frequency
somatic embryogenesis and efficient plant regeneration from hypocotyls explants of
groundnut (Arachis hypogea L.). Curr. Sci. 72: 271-275.
254. Venu, C.H., Pavan, U., Jayashree, T., Ramana, R.V., Cheralu, G. and Sadanandam,
A.1999. Genotype dependent embryogenesis, organogenesis and Agrobacterium-
mediated transformation in pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan L.).
Plant Cell Tiss. Org. Cult. 9: 89-95.
255. Victor, M.J. 2001. Regulation of in vitro somatic embryogenesis with emphasis on
the role of endogenous hormones. R. Bras. Fisiol. Veg. 13 (2): 196-233.
256. Vikrant, A. and Rashid, A. 2001. Direct as well as indirect somatic embryogenesis
from immature (unemerged) inflorescence of a minor millet Paspalum
scrobiculatum L. Euphytica. 120: 167-173.
257. Visarada, K.B.R.S., Sai Kishore, N., Balakrishna, D. and Rao, S.V. 2003. Transient
GUS expression studies in Sorghum to develop a simple protocol for
Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation. J. Genet. Breed. 7: 147-154.
258. Wan, Y. and Lemaux, P.G. 1994. Generation of large numbers of independently
transformed fertile barley plants. Plant Physiol. 104: 37-48.
230
259. Wei, Z.M., Xu, Z.H. 1990. Regeneration of Plants from protoplasts of Sorghum
(Sorghum vulgare). Plant Cell Rep. 9: 51-53.
260. Wernieke, W. and Brettell, R.I.S. 1982. Morphogenesis from cultured leaf tissue of
Sorghum bicolor (L.) culture initiation. Protoplasma. 111: 19-27.
261. Zapata, J.M., Sabater, B., Martin, M. 2004. Callus induction and In vitro
regeneration from barley mature embryos. Biol. Plant. 48: 473-476.
262. Zhang, H.M., Yang, H., Rech, E.L., Golds, T.J., Davis, A.S., Mulligan, B.,
Cocking, E.C. and Davey, M.R. 1988. Transgenic rice plants produced by
electroporation-mediated plasmid uptake into protoplasts. Plant Cell Rep. 7: 379-
384.
263. Zhang, W. and Wu, R. 1988. Efficient regeneration of transgenic rice plants from
rice protoplasts and correctly regulated expression of the foreign gene in the plants.
Theor. Appl. Genet. 6: 835-840.
264. Zhao, L., Shujun, L. and Song, S. 2010. Optimization of callus induction and plant
regeneration from germinating seeds of sweet Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.)
Moench). Afr. J. Biotech. 9:2367-2374.
265. Zhao, Z., Tomes, D. 2003. Sorghum transformation. Genet. Transform Plants 23:
91-107.
231
266. Zhao, Z.Y., Cai, T., Tagliani, L., Miller, M., Wang, N., Pang, H., Rudert, M.,
Schroeder, S., Hondred, D., Seltzer, J. and Pierce, D. 2000. Agrobacterium-
mediated Sorghum transformation. Plant Mol. Biol. 44(6): 789-798.
267. Zhong, H., Wang, W. and Sticklen, M. 1998. In vitro morphogenesis of Sorghum
bicolor (L.) Moench: Efficient plant regeneration from shoot apices. J. Plant
Physiol. 153: 719-726.
268. Zhu, H., Muthukrishnan, S., Krishnaveni, S., Wilde, G., Jeoung, J.M. and Liang,
G.H. 1998. Biolistic transformation of Sorghum using a rice chitinase gene. J.
Gene. Breed. 52: 243-252.
