References and reading examples...Indefinite & Gerund Culture is the habit of being pleased with the best and knowing why. She loves to eat. She hates hiking. Everyone loves hike days

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References and reading examples

- Model business letters, emails and other business

documents, Shirley Taylor

2Culture is the habit of being pleased with the best and knowing why.

What language looks like


- President Barack Obama's inaugural address,

Jan. 20, 2009




- Full text of President Tsai 's inaugural address,

May 20, 2016




- Full text of President Ma's inaugural address,

May 20, 2012




- Literatures of vice president

for international affairs,

National Taiwan University,

Luisa Chang

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Harvard-Yenching Library, Harvard University

Culture is the habit of being pleased with the best and knowing why.


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Chameleons can rapidly change color by adjusting a layer of

special cells nestled within their skin.

My company is prepared for the transient-advantage economy.

A layer of special cells nestled within their skin.

A layer of special cells which is nestled within their skin.

A layer of special cells is nestled within their skin.

A layer of special cells is nestled within their skin.


Study of Advanced Color & Gender Changing


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My company prepared for the transient-advantage economy.

My company prepares for the transient-advantage economy.

prepare(s) 為動詞，變為過去分詞 prepared

(現在分詞V+ing, 不定詞 to + V)

Prepare由動詞變性為形容詞prepared (preparing, to prepare)

當主詞my company的主詞補語。

而不是被動語態 be + pp


My company is preparing for the transient-advantage economy.

My company is to prepare for the transient-advantage economy.


My company will prepare for the transient-advantage economy.

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One of the major shortcomings in legacy USAF airframe

and engine development programs has been inadequate

definition of the operational usage parameters critical to

the durability of engine components.


...the operational usage parameters which is critical to the durability of engine components.


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legacy:

1. adj. a legacy system, piece of software etc is one that people continue to use, although more modern ones are available以前的, 舊有的

2. n. something that happens or exists as a result of things that happened at an earlier time 後遺症

In a de qua te: adj. not good enough, big enough, skilled enough etcfor a particular purpose不適當的



https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/legacy

https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/software

https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/continue

https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/modern

https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/available

https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/exist

https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/result

https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/skill

https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/purpose

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Indefinite & Gerund


What’s the difference between “to see is to believe” and “seeing is believing”?

Mathew: Have you ever been to the Grand Canyon?

Jenniffer: No, I haven’t been there yet.

Mathew: The Grand Canyon is breathtaking beyond belief. You

have to go there once in your life. To see is to believe.

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Indefinite & Gerund


What’s the difference between “to see is to believe” and “seeing is believing”?

Mathew: How was your trip to the Grand Canyon?

Jenniffer: The Grand Canyon is breathtaking beyond belief.

Seeing is believing. You have to go there once in your life.

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Indefinite & Gerund


She loves to eat.

She likes to eat.

She hates hiking.

http://www.unhurriedhome.com/we-went-outside-today/

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Indefinite & Gerund


She loves to eat. She hates hiking.

Everyone loves hike days.

On hike days, the kids spend the whole morning in the woods.

She LOVES going on hikes and will happily spend an hour in a forest drawing happy little trees in her nature journal.

She hates the hikes.

http://www.unhurriedhome.com/we-went-outside-today/

Verb record (1)

Noun record (2) (3)

Noun Adjective

recording (1) recording (1)

to record (1) to record (1)

recorded (1)

Gender change


Noun forms of the verb: Gerund and Infinitive

Gender change

Verb manufacture (1)

Noun manufacture (1)

Noun Adjective

manufacturing (2) manufacturing (1)

to manufacture (1) to manufacture (1)

manufactured (1)


Noun forms of the verb: Gerund and Infinitive

Language difference

• Recording and playback functions

• Record and playback functions. (not correct)

• 100 Meters, 100 Years Old:

Ida Keeling Breaks Racing Record.

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Indefinite & Gerund


Language difference

• Application of thrust vectoring technology can significantly enhance the

maneuvering performance of fighters.

• By incorporating vectored thrust engines, the S-27, S-37, and Mig 1.44

were thoroughly performance-enhanced.

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Indefinite & Gerund


Verb vector (1)

Noun vector (2)

un Adjective

vectoring (1) to vector

to vector (1) to vector (1)

vectored(1)

Language difference

• By incorporating vectored thrust engines, the S-27, S-37, and MigBy 1.44

were thoroughly performance-enhanced.

• Thrust vectoring nozzles have been the standard equipment for next

generation fighters

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Indefinite & Gerund


Language difference

- By incorporating vectored thrust engines, the S-27, S-37, and Mig 1.44 were thoroughly performance-enhanced.脫胎換骨

Accurate interpretation

- UAV can Replace manned fighters to significantly

reduce risks to human pilots for conducting specific

missions.

UAV can significantly protect the safety of fighter

pilots. (not correct)

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What expression is


Sentence structure

Apposition 同位語

• This article presents an approach to developing the indigenous

high thrust engine, TFE1088, based on the design of TFE1042

turbofan engine which powers IDF.

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What expression is


Sentence structure

Inverted sentence

• We can no longer afford indifference to suffering outside our borders;

nor can we consume the world's resources without regard to effect.

- Obama, 2009

• Not everybody is in a situation where the opportunity to teach opens

up, nor is everyone good at teaching or enjoying it.

- Peter F. Drucker 2005, in Managing the nonprofit organization

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What expression is


Sentence structure

Inverted sentence

We can no longer afford indifference to suffering outside our borders;

nor can we consume the world's resources without regard to effect.

Those suffer. (matter, benefit…)

Those suffer outside our borders. (outside 介系詞+ 受詞 as 副詞片詞)

suffering outside our borders

Maintenance training doesn’t cost.

It pays.

Punctuation matters.

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What expression is


Sentence structure

Inverted sentence

• We can no longer afford indifference to suffering outside our

borders; nor can we consume the world's resources without

regard to effect.

• We also cannot consume resources without regard to effect.

(without 介系詞) regard: 注意, 考慮

• >> nor can we …..

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What expression is


Sentence structure

Participial construction

• Equipped with the anti-ship missile seeker, developed by NCSIST, the

supersonic anti-ship missile shows the excellent performance.

• Having streamlined bodies, flying fish swim swiftly and freely in the water, in the air.

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What expression is


Sentence structure


• Having experienced real hardship, the company is flying up to the clouds, comparing with the glory of the sun, and is on the way of no return.

• Being a fine day, we went picnicking. (correct or not)

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What expression is


Sentence structure



• It being a fine day, we went picnicking.

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What expression is


Sentence structure

Another gender change

• A nation cannot prosper long when it favors only

the prosperous.

• In prison, the weak are meat and the strong do eat.

• Have you used any old-fashioned language or jargon that should be updated?

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What expression is


Sentence structure

- The determination of independent development of

aircraft engines lasts.

- If you want something done well, do it yourself.

- When it comes to making a thing by myself, I’m all

thumbs.

- However humble it may be, there is no place like

home.

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What expression is


Syntax and Diction – style, taste, genre

• … a nagging fear that America’s decline is inevitable, and that the next generation must lower its sight.

- Obama, 2009

• We absolutely cannot leave the hot potato issues and heavy burdens to the next generation

- Ma, 2012

• Achieve generational justice, and deliver to the next generation a better country.

- Tsai, 2016

nag: vt,i 一直令人擔心, 不安

decline: n.品質或數量的減少, 衰退

i ne vi table: adj. (一定會發生)無法避免的

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What expression is


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We absolutely cannot leave the hot potato issues

and heavy burdens to the next generation.

However impressive the achievements were, they

had been silently performing duties rarely told.

Expression and Style

Passion doesn’t make things easier, but it sure

makes them a lot more fun.

In detail, there are consist of couple of simulation

military exercise units.


➢ It is not unusual that…

➢ To provide effective and innovative solutions for the industry…

➢ As a pioneer dedicating to the…

➢ Create a new era of…

➢ With the increasingly prosperous technology,…



➢ It is trending that…

➢ Despite of these, …

➢ Consequently, NCSIST has entered the supply chain of…

➢ Under the government policy on…



➢ By collaborating with…

➢ It is expected that…

➢ Being capable of suppressing the enemy radar systems…

➢ The glow of dawn lights the morning sky, and a day begins.

➢ Whether in terms of range, agility, and size, it is a superior…



➢ It’s getting harder to acquire advanced weapons from abroad.

➢ Coordinating with system engineering, projects go a lot more

smoothly.

➢ Whenever an idea came to mind at midnight, we would get out of

bed and rush to the lab.

➢ We were subject to severe aerodynamics given, the structure then

had to bear the load.



➢ The propulsion system was the most critical part of weapon

systems and must be developed first.

➢ After a missile is launched, the guidance and control system

guides the missile flight path to hit targets.

➢ It being at the front end of the missile, materials need to be

designed to bear high load and high temperature.



➢ Failure breeds success.

➢ If you never fail, you only control the knowledge already known.

➢ However impressive the achievements were, they had been

silently performing duties rarely told.



➢ Make yourself at home

➢ Help yourself to some fruit

➢ Mind your own business

➢ Talk nonsense



➢ A friend in need is a friend indeed.

➢ Where there is a will, there is a way.

➢ Make hay while the sun shines.

➢ There is no use crying over the spilt milk.

➢ Spare the rod, spoil the child.

➢ You can’t be too careful.



➢ However humble it may be, there is no place like home.

➢ When it comes to making a thing by myself, I am all thumbs.

➢ If you want something done well, do it yourself.

➢ Culture is the habit of being pleased with the best and knowing why.

➢ All that glitters is not gold.

➢ I am the last man that betrays you.



• If your uniform isn’t dirty, you haven’t been in the game.

• Chasing the same dream, engineers start a great day at the moment the sun is over the horizon.

• With the ever-increasing speed of technological change, we all need to stay up-to-date with new equipment.

• Having streamlined bodies, flying fish swim swiftly and freely in the water, in the air.

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What writing style is


• They will not be met easily or in a short span of time. But know this, America – they will be met.

• The words have been spoken during rising tides of prosperity and the still waters of peace.


- Do your best and leave others’ judgments as background music.

- Is a promotion worth hiding who you are?

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What writing style is


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Figure Out a Way to Have Courage


Eleg

Create an Established and

Elegant Writing Style

Genre and Style


Documents

References and reading examples...Indefinite & Gerund Culture is the habit of being pleased with the best and knowing why. She loves to eat. She hates hiking. Everyone loves hike days