Upload
others
View
0
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
193
References
1. A., Jones, K.E., Mitchell, C.E., Myers, S.S.,Bogich, T. and Ostfeld, R.S. (2010).
Impacts of biodiversity on the emergence and transmission of infectious diseases.
Nature 468: 647–652.
2. Abubakr S, Kilgroe MA, Chapman K (1997). New Approaches to Forest
Sustainability. Environmental Conference and Exhibit/477. Minneapolis
Convention Centre, Minneapolis, Atlanta, USA. MN. 5-7, May.
3. Achanakmar sanctuary project report of Bilaspur forest division, (1992), pp.12-52.
4. Achanakmar-Amarkantak biosphere reserve project report of Bilaspur forest
division, (2005), pp. 14-42.
5. Adepoju, K. (2007). Economic Valuation of Non-Timber Forest Products
(NTFPs), Nigeria.
6. Adhikari ,B. (2004). Analysis Household characteristics and forest dependency:
evidence from common property forest management in Nepal Salvatore Di Falco1,
Jon Center for Ecology, Law and Policy, Environment Department, University of
York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, UK Ecological Economics 48 (2004) 245–
257.
7. Ahenkan A, Boon E (2008). Enhancing food security, poverty reduction and
sustainable forest management in Ghana through Non-Timber Forest Products
farming: Case study of Sefwi Wiawso District, published online by GRIN
Publishing at www.grin.com/de/preview/.html (Retrieved August, 8, 2010)
8. Ahenkan A, Boon E (2010). Commercialization of non-timber forest products in
Ghana: Processing, packaging and marketing. Food Agric and Env, 8: 962-969.
9. Alcorn, J.B. (1995) Economic botany, conservation, and development: what‘s the
connection? Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 82: 34-46.Amsterdam, The
Netherlands Committee for IUCN de Jong W, Campbell BM, Schroder JM 2000.
Sustaining incomes from non- timber forest products: Introduction and synthesis.
Int Tree Crops Journal, 4: 267-275.
194
10. Andel TR van (2000). Non-timber Forest Products of the North-West District of
Guyana Part II, A Field Guide. Tropenbos-Guyana Series 8. pp. 12-81.
11. Andel TV (2006). Non-timber forest products the value of wild plants. Agromisa
Publication and CTA, the Netherlands.
12. Anderson AB (1990). Extraction and forest management by rural inhabitants in the
Amazon estuary, In: AB Anderson (Ed.): Alternatives to Deforestation: Steps
Towards Sustainable Use of the Amazon Rain Forest. New York: Columbia
University Press, pp. 65-85.
13. Anderson, A.B. (1992) Land-use strategies for successful extractive economies In:
Cousell, S. and Rice, T. (eds.) The rainforest harvest: Sustainable strategies for
saving the tropical forests? 213-22. Friends of the Earth, London.
14. Anderson, J., Benjamin, C., Campell, B., Tiveau, D. (2006). Forests, poverty and
equity in africa: new perspectives on policy and practice. International Forestry
Review 8(1):44-53.
15. Angelsen, A. and Wunder, S. (2003). Exploring the Forest-Poverty Link: Key
Concepts, Issues and Research Implications. CIFOR Occasional Paper No. 40.
Centre for International Forestry Research (CIFOR), Bogor, Indonesia. 70 pp.
16. Anon. (1995) Report of the CIFOR workshop on ‗Research on Non-timber Forest
Products‘, Hot Springs, Zimbabwe, 28 August-2 September 1995. Typescript.
17. Arnold JEM, Ruiz Perez M (1998). The role of non-timber forest products in
conservation and development. In: E Wollenberg, A Ingles (Eds.): Incomes from
the Forest: Methods for the Development and Conservation of Forest Products for
Local Communities. Bogor, Indonesia: CIFOR / IUCN, pp. 17–42.
18. Arnold JEM, Ruiz Pérez M (2001). Can non-timber forest products match tropical
conservation and development objectives? Ecol Econs, 39: 437-447.
19. Arnold, J.E.M. & Ruiz-Perez, M. (2001) Can non-timber forest products match
tropical forest conservation and development objectives? Ecological Economics,
39, 437-447.
195
20. Arnold, J.E.M. (2002) Socio-economic benefits and issues in non-wood forest
products use. Appendix 4.1.1. Non-wood forest products for rural income and
sustainable forestry. FAO, Rome, Italy.
21. Arnold, J.E.M., Perez, M.R. (2001). Can non-timber forest products match tropical
forest conservation and development objectives? Ecological Economics 39:437-
447.
22. Augspurger, C. K. (1984b). Seedling survival of tropical tree species: interactions
of dispersal distance, light gaps, and pathogens. Ecology, 65, 1705—12
23. Austin, M. P. (1977). Use of ordination and other multivariate descriptive methods
to study succession. Vegetatio, , 3, 165–175.
24. Awe F, Osadebe C. O., Imoagene E., Fashina A. Y., Eniola T. S. and Adeleke E.
O. (2011). African Journal of Environmental Science and Technology Vol. 5(2),
pp. 143-148.
25. Aylew, K and Gezahegn, T. (1991). Suitability classification in Apiculture
development Ministry of Agriculture. Addis Ababa.
26. Ayyappan, N. & N. Parthsarathy. (1999). Biodiversity inventory of trees in a large
scale permanent plot of tropical evergreen forest at Varagalaiar, Anamalais,
Western Ghats, India. Biodiversity and Conservation 8: 1533-1554.
27. Ayyappan, N. & N. Parthsarathy. (1999). Biodiversity inventory of trees in a large
scale permanent plot of tropical evergreen forest at Varagalaiar, Anamalais,
Western Ghats, India. Biodiversity and Conservation 8: 1533-1554.
28. Background and Old World Case Studies (eds Dallmeier, F. and Comiskey, J. A.),
Parthenon Publishing, (1997) vol. I, pp. 529–540.
29. Baker, N. (2000). Report on the Workshop Developing needs-based inventory
methods for nontimber forest products Application and Development of current
research to identify practical solutions for developing countries, Rome, European
tropical forest research network (ETFRN).
30. Barden, A., Anak, N.A., Mulliken, T. & Song, M. (2000) Heart of the matter:
agarwood use and trade and CITES implementation for Aquilaria malaccensis.
Traffic, Cambridge, UK.
196
31. Barfoot ,J. (2006) .A Study to Investigate the Potential for Development of Non-
Timber Forest Products and Values from the Boreal Forests of Newfoundland and
Labrador Memorial University of Newfoundland Botanical Garden.
32. Barker, P. C. J. and Kirk Patrick, J. B., Phyllocladus (1994) asplenifolius:
cvariability in the population structure of the regeneration niche and dispersion
pattern in Tasmanian forest. Aust. J. Bot., 42, 163–190.
33. Bazzaz, F. A. and Pickett, S. T. A. (1980), Physiological ecology of tropical
sucession: a comparative review. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics,
11, 287-310.
34. Belcher B, Ruiz Pérez M, Achdiawan R (2005). Global patterns and trends in the
use and management of commercial NTFPs: Implications for livelihoods and
conservation World Development, 9: 1435–1452.
35. Belcher B, Ruiz-Pérez M (2001). An international comparison of cases of forest
product development: overview, description and data requirements. Center for
International Forestry Research (CIFOR) Working Paper 23. Bogor, Indonesia:
CIFOR. Belcher BM 2003. What isn‘t a NTFP? International Forestry Review, 2:
161–168.
36. Belcher B, Schreckenberg K (2007). Commercialisation of nontimber forest
products: A reality check. Development Policy Review, 3: 355-377.
37. Belcher, B. & Schreckenberg, K. (2007) Commercialisation of non-timber forest
products: a reality check. Development Policy Review, 25, 355-377.
38. Belcher, B. 2003. What isn't an NTFP? International Forestry Review, 5: 161-168.
39. Belcher, B., Ruiz-Perez, M. & Achdiawan, R. (2005) Global patterns and trends in
the use and management of commercial NTFPs: implications for livelihoods and
conservation. World Development, 33, 1435-1452.
40. Belcher, B., Ruiz-Perez, M. and Achdiawan, R. (2005). Global Patterns and Trends
in the Use and Management of Commercial NTFPs: Implications for Livelihoods
and Conservation. World Development, 33: 1435-1452.
197
41. Belcher, B.M & Kusters, K. (2004) Non-timber forest product commercialization:
development and conservation lessons. In: K. Kusters & Belcher, B. (eds.) Forest
products, livelihoods and conservation: case studies of non-timber forest product
systems. Volume 1, Asia. CIFOR, Bogor, Indonesia. pp. 1–22.
42. Belcher, B.M. (2003) What isn‘t an NTFP? International Forestry Review, 5, 161-
168.
43. Belicher,B,M Ruiz-Perez and R. Achdiawan,2005. Global patterns and trends in
the use and management of commercial NTFPs: implications for livelihoods and
conservation, World Development 33 (2005), pp. 1435–1452
44. Beniwal, B. S. (1989). Silvical characteristics of Aquilaria agallocha. Indian
Forester 115:17–21.
45. Bennett, E.L. (2000). Timber Certification: Where Is the Voice of the Biologist?
Conservation
46. Bhattacharya B., Dutta, A. & Baruah, H.K. (1952) On the formation and
development of agaru in Aquilaria agallocha. Science and Culture, 18, 240-243.
47. Bhattacharya, P. (2000). Resource Use Conflict: A Case from Sheopur Forest
Division of Madhya Pradesh. Indian Institute of Forest Management Newsletter,
III (4): 5–7 Project Report, IIFM, Bhopal, India.
48. Bhattacharya, P. (2000). Resource Use Conflict: A Case from Sheopur Forest
Division of Madhya Pradesh. Indian Institute of Forest Management Newsletter,
III (4): 5–7 Project Report, IIFM, Bhopal, India.
49. Bhattacharya, P. (2000). Resource Use Conflict: A Case from Sheopur Forest
Division of Madhya Pradesh. Indian Institute of Forest Management Newsletter,
III (4): 5–7 Project Report, IIFM, Bhopal, India.
50. Bhuiyan, A.A. (1995) Who benefits and who loses: the Bawalis and non-timber
forest products of the Sundarbans, Bangladesh. In: Fox, J., Donovan, D. and
DeCoursey, M. (eds.) Voices from the field: Sixth workshop on ‗Community
Management of Forest Lands‘, 31-52. East-West Center, Biology 14(4):921–923
51. Bhuyan, P., Khan, M. L. and Tripathi, R. S. (2003). Tree diversity and population
structure in undisturbed and human impacted stands of tropical wet evergreen
198
forest in Arunachal Pradesh, Eastern Himalayas, India. Biodiv. Conserv., 12,
1753–1773.
52. Bih F (2008). Assessment Methods for Non-Timber Forest Products in Off-
Reserve Forests. Case Study of Goaso District, Ghana. PhD Thesis. Freiburg,
Germany: der Albert-Ludwigs-Universität.
53. Birhanu ,D. (2004).Contribution of non timber forest products to the rural
household economy. Gore district, southwestern Ethiopia. MSC thesis.
SLU/WGCF.
54. Blaikie, P. and Brookfield, H. (1987) Land degradation and society. Methuen,
London.
55. Blanchette, R.A. (2003) Agarwood formation in Aquilaria trees: resin production
in nature and how it can be induced in plantation grown trees. Notes from
presentation at First International Agarwood Conference, Ho Chi Minh City,
Vietnam, 10 – 15 November, 2003. The Tropical Rainforest Project, Ho Chi Minh
City, Vietnam.
56. Block, S. and Webb, P. (2001). The dynamics of livelihood diversification in post-
famine Ethiopia. Food Policy, 26: 333-350.
57. Bor, N. L. (1953), Manual of Indian Forest Botany, Oxford University Press,
Bombay, p. 441.
58. Borchert, R., Organismic and environmental controls of bud growth in tropical
trees. In Dormancy in Plants: From Whole Plant Behavior to Cellular Control (eds
Viemont, J. D. and Crabbe, J.), CAB International, Wallingford, 2000, pp. 87–107.
59. Bose, S.R. (1938) The nature of ‗agaru‘ formation. Science and Culture, 4, 89-91.
60. Boyle, T.J. (1997) Impacts of disturbance on genetic resources of tropical forests.
Current Science, 73, 900.
61. Brahmi, A. & Phoumphone, K. (2003) Study on local coping mechanisms in
disaster management: case studies from the Lao PDR. Unpublished report.
Concern. Vientiane, Lao P.D.R.
62. Browder, J.O. (1992a) The limits of extractivism: tropical forest strategies beyond
extractive reserves. Bioscience, 42, 174-182.
199
63. Brown, D., Williams, A. (2003). The case for bushmeat as a component of
development policy: issues and challenges. International Forestry Review
5(2):148-155
64. Bryceson, D. F. (1999). African rural labour, income diversification and livelihood
approaches: a long-term development perspective. ASC Working Paper No. 35.
Afrika-Studiecentrum, De-agrarianisation and rural employment network. Leiden,
The Netherlands. 40 pp.
65. Bryceson, D.F. (2002). The Scramble for Africa: Reorienting rural livelihoods.
World Development, 30: 725-739.
66. Bryceson, D.F. and Fonseca, J. (2006). Risking Death for Survival: Peasant
Responses to Hunger and HIV/AIDS in Malawi. World Development, 34: 1654-
1666.
67. Buckland, S.T., Anderson, D.R., Burnham, K.P., Laake, J.L., Borchers, D.L. &
Thomas, L. (2001) Introduction to distance sampling - estimating abundance of
biological populations. Oxford University Press, New York, USA.
68. Byron ,N and M,Arnold ,(1999).What futures for peoples of tropical forests ?world
development 27,5:789-805. Campbell
69. Byron, N. and Arnold, M. (1999). What futures for the people of the tropical
forests? World Development, 27: 789-805.
70. Campbell B.M.and M.K.Luckert. (2002).‖Towards understanding the role of
forests in rural livelihood‖.uncovering the hidden harvest: Valuation methods for
forest and woodland resources Earthscan London.
71. Cavaliere, C., Rea, P., Lynch, M.E. & Blumenthal, M. (2010). Herbal supplement
sales rise in all channels in 2009. Herbalgram, 86: 62–65. Austin, USA, American
Botanical Council
72. Cavendish, W. (2000). Empirical Regularities in the Poverty-Environment
Relationship of Rural Households: Evidence from Zimbabwe. World
Development, 28: 1979-2003.
73. Cavendish, w. (2002). quantitative methods for estimating the economic value of
resource use to rural households. in cifor, 2004. Forests for people and the
environment. CIFOR Annual Report
200
74. Centre for Non-Timber Resources (CNTR) (2006). A future beneath the trees. An
International Symposium on Non- Timber Forest Products, Community Economic
Development and Forest Conservation, Royal Roads University, Victoria, BC, pp.
2-12.
75. Champion, H. G. and Seth, S. K., (1968) A Revised Survey of the Forest Types of
India, Manager of Publications, Government of India, New Delhi, , p. 404.
76. Chandrasekharan C (1995). Terminology, definition and classification of forest
products other than wood. In: Report of the International Expert Consultation on
Non-Wood Forest Products. Yogyakarta, Indonesia. 17-27 January 1995. Non-
wood forest products No.3. Rome: FAO, pp. 345-380.
77. Chandrasekharan, C. (1997). Referred in report of the Asia-Pacific Forestry Sector
Outlook Study, Asia Pacific Forestry towards 2010, FAO, 1998, Rome.
78. Charlie S, Sheona S (2004). The importance of Non-Timber Forest Products in
rural livelihood security and as safety nets: A review of evidence from South
Africa. South Africa J of Science, 100: 58-664.
79. Chikamai, B.N. and J. Kagombe, (2002). Country report for Kenya. In: Review
and synthesis on the state of knowledge of Boswellia spp. and commercialisation
of Frankincense in the drylands of Eastern Africa. KEFRI, Nairobi.
80. Chopra, K. (1993). The Value of Non-Timber Forest Products: Estimation for
Tropical Deciduous Forests in India, Economic Botany, 47 (3): 251-257.
81. Chopra, K. (1994). Valuation and Pricing of Non-timber Forest Products: A Study
for Raipur district of Madhya Pradesh in Valuing India's Natural Resources,
SPWD, New Delhi, 1998.
82. Chopra, K. (1997), The Valuation and Pricing of Non-Timber Forest Products:
Conceptual Issues and a Case Study from India., in F. Smith (ed.), Environmental
Sustainability: Practical Global Implications, pp. 107.40. Florida: St Lucie Press.
201
83. Choudhury PR (2007). Forest-route to poverty alleviation - Myths and realities:
Analysis of NTFP-livelihood Linkages in some Indian states. A poster presented in
the RRI Conference in Bangkok, 4-7 September 2007.
84. CIFOR, (2004). Forests for people and the environment. CIFOR Annual Report
2004.
85. CIFOR. (1999) .The Status of Non Timber Forest Products in Tanzania .
86. Clark LE, Asaha S, Ndam N, Blackmore P (2004). Eru (Gnetum africanum and G.
buchholzianum). In: LE Clark , TCH Sunderland (Eds.): The Key Non-Timber
Forest Products of Central Africa: State of the Knowledge. Technical Paper No.
122, Washington D.C.: USAID, pp. 37-62.
87. Clark LE, Sunderland TCH (2004). The key Non-Timber Forest Products of
central Africa. State of the knowledge. Technical Paper Number 122. Office of
Sustainable Development, Bureau for Africa, Washington D.C.: USAID.
88. Clay,J.W. (1992). Some general principles and strategies for developing markets in
north America and Europe for non timber forest products :lesson from cultural
survival
89. Clendon K (2001). The Role of Forest Food Resources in Village Livelihood
Systems: A Study of Three Villages in Salavan Province. Lao PDR, Vientiane:
IUCN/NAFRI Project.
90. Cliff S. Dlamini, Coert J. Geldenhuys, (2012). Journal of Horticulture and Forestry
Vol. 4(2), pp. 27-42.
91. Connell J.H, Tracey J.G, Webb L.J. (1984). Compensatory recruitment, growth,
and mortality as factors maintaining rain-forest tree diversity. Ecol. Monogr.
54:141–164
92. Cooke, T., (1958). Flora of Bombay, Botanical Survey of India, Calcutta, vol. I, p.
632.
93. Coppen J 1 (999). Can NTFPs come from a plantation? NTFP Biocultural Digest.
IGC. Cited in Ros-Tonen MAF 1999. Refining concepts, objectives and research
202
questions for NTFP research. In: MAF Ros-Tonen (Ed.): Seminar Proceedings.
NTFP Research in the Tropenbos Programme: Results and Perspectives, 28
January 1999. Wageningen: The Tropenbos Foundation.
94. Crook, C. and Clapp, R.A. (1998). Is market-oriented forest conservation a
contradiction in terms? Environmental Conservation, 25: 131-145.
95. Cunningham AB (2000). People, Wild Plant Use and Conservation. Applied
Ethno-botany. London: Earthscan. de Beer JH, McDermott M 1989. The
Economic Value of Non-Timber Forest Products in South- East Asia.
96. Curtis J.T. & R.P. Mcintosh (1950). The interrelations of certain analytic and
synthetic
97. deBeer, J. H. & McDermott, M.J. (1989) The economic value of non-timber forest
products in Southeast Asia. IUCN/Natural Resources, Amsterdam, the
Netherlands.
98. Dekker, M. (2004). Sustainability and Resourcefulness: Support Networks during
Periods of Stress. World Development, 32: 1735-1751 Development 33(9):1383-
1402
99. Delacote ,J. (2008) .The Safety-net Use of Non Timber Forest Products .France.
Development 33:1383-1402.
100. DFID (1999). Sustainable livelihoods guidance sheets. London: Department for
101. Dlamini CS, Geldenhuys CJ (2011a). The potential impacts of national, regional
and international policies and legislation on the sustainable forest management for
NTFPs: A Swaziland Case Study. J. Agric. Sci. Technol., pp. 579-585.
102. Dlamini CS, Geldenhuys CJ (2011b). An assessment of non-timber forest products
in the four ecological zones of Swaziland as a basis for policy and strategy
development. J. Agric. Sci. Technol.
103. Dove MR (1994). A revisionist view of tropical deforestation and development.
Env Cons, 1: 17-56.
203
104. Dovie, D. B. K. (2001). Woodland Resource Utilisation, Valuation and Rural
Livelihoods in the Lowveld, South Africa. M.Sc. thesis, University of the
Witwatersrand, Johannesburg. 149 pp.
105. Duchesne, L.; Wetzel, S. (2002). Managing timber and non-timber forest product
resources in Canada‘s forests: Needs for integration and research. The Forestry
Chronicle 78:837–842.
106. Duong,N.H. (2008). The role of non timber forest products in livelihood strategies
and household economics in a remote upland village in the upper ca river basin
,nghe the Phuong.journal of science and development feb.2008:88-98.
107. Ellis, F. (2000). Rural livelihoods and diversity in developing countries. Oxford
University Press. Oxford. Thesis, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg.
149 pp.
108. Elson, D. (2010). Investing in locally controlled forestry: reviewing the issues
from a financial investment perspective. Background paper for The Forests
Dialogue‘s initiative on investing in locally controlled forestry conference,
London, UK, 24–25 May 2010.
109. Emanuel, P.L., Shackleton, C.M. and Baxter, J.S. (2005). Modelling the
sustainable harvest of Sclerocarya birrea subsp. Caffra fruits in the South African
lowveld. Forest Ecology and Management, 214: 91-103. enterprises,1989-
1990.advanced economic Botany.
110. Falconer J (1997). Developing Research Frames for Non-Timber Forest Products:
Experience from Ghana: In: M Ruiz Pérez, JEM Arnold (Eds.): Current Issues in
Non-timber Forest Products Research. Bogor, Indonesia: Centre for International
Forestry Research, pp. 143-160.
111. Falconer J. (1994). Non-timber forest products in southern Ghana: main report.
Republic of Ghana Forestry Department and Overseas Development
Administration, Natural Resources Institute, Chatham.
112. Falconer, J. (1990). The major significance of minor forest products – examples
from West Africa. Appropriate Technology 17(3): 13-16.
204
113. FAO (1993). Breeding and improvement of MAPs in Asia. A report of regional
Expert Consultation. RAP A Publication 1993/12]. Rome: United Nations.
114. Food and Agricultural Organization. (2010a). Global forest resources assessment,
2010 – Main report. FAO Forestry Paper 163. Rome, Italy.
115. Food and Agricultural Organization. (1993) More than Wood. Forestry Topics
Report No. 4. Rome.
116. Food and Agricultural Organization. (1992) Forests, Trees and Food. FAO, Rome.
117. Farm Africa. (2008). A study on private sector linkage for bees products producers
in Bale.
118. Fearnside, P. (1989), ‗Extractive Reserves in Brazilian Amazon‘, Bioscience, 39:
387–93.
119. Fisher, M. (2004). Household welfare and forest dependence in Southern Malawi.
Environment and Development Economics, 9: 135-154.
120. Food and Agricultural Organization (2008). An Information Bulletin on Non-
Wood Forest Products. Non-Wood News, FAO, Vol 17, Rome, pp. 12-21.
121. Food and Agriculture Organisation (1999). An Overview of Non Timber Forest
Products in the Mediterranean Region. Rome.
122. Food and Agriculture Organisation (2001). Trees Outside Forests - Towards Rural
and Urban Integrated Resources Management Contribution to the Forest Resources
Assessment 2000 Report. Rome: FAO.
123. Food and Agriculture Organisation (1995). Non Wood Forest Products for Rural
Income and Sustainable Forestry. Rome: FAO NWFPs
124. Food and Agriculture Organisation (2011). Non State of world‘s forests. Rome:
FAO.
125. Food and Agriculture Organization (2006). Can Non-Wood Forest Products Help
Contribute to Achieving The Millennium Development Goals? Rome: FAO, pp. 2-
14.
205
126. Forest and joint forest management plantations in Uttara Kannada Dist. (2002).
Western Ghats. Curr. Sci., 83, 1358–1364.
127. FSI (1999). The State of Forest Report (2009). Forest Survey of India Ministry of
Environment and Forests (MoEF) of India. Dehradun India.
128. Ganesan, B. (1993). Extraction of non-timber forest products including fodder and
fuelwood in Mudumulai, India. Economic Botany 47:268–274.
129. Getachew, M., Sjaastad, E., Vedeld , P., (2007). Economic dependence of forest
resources: A case from Dendi District, Ethiopia. Forest Policy and Economics, 9:
916 – 927.
130. Godoy, K. O'Neill, S. Groff, P. Kostishack, A. Cubas, J. Demmer, K. McSweeney,
J. Overman, D. Wilkie, N. Brokaw and M. Martinez. (1997). Household
determinants of deforestation by Amerindians in Honduras, World Development
25 pp. 977–987.
131. Godoy, R. and Bawa, K.S. (1993). The Economic Value and Sustainable Harvest
of Plants and Animals from the Tropical Rain Forest: Assumptions, Hypothesis
and Methods. Economic Botany 47:215-219.
132. Godoy, R., N. Brokaw, and D. Wilkie. (1995). The effect of income on the
extraction of non-timber forest products: model, hypotheses, and preliminary
findings from the Sumu Indians of Nicaragua. Human Ecology 23(1):29–52.
133. Godoy, R., Wilkie, D., Overman, H., Cubas, A., Cubus, G., Demmer, J.,
McSweeney, K. and Brokaw, N. (2000). Valuation of the consumption and sale of
forest goods from a Central American rainforest. Nature, 406: 62-63.
134. GOI. (1999). National Forest Policy. Ministry of Environment and Forests, New
Delhi, 1999.
135. Golam R, Madhav K, Ram PS (2008). The role of non-timber forest products in
poverty reduction in India: Prospects and problems. Development in Practice, 6:
779 – 788.
136. Good NF, Good RE (1972). Population dynamics of tree seedlings and saplings in
mature Eastern hardwood forest. Bull Torrey Bot. Club. 99.
206
137. Grubb, P.J. (1977). The maintenance of species richness in plant communities: the
importance of the regeneration niche. Biological Review 52: 107-145.
138. Gruenwald, J. (2008). The global herbs and botanicals market. Nutraceuticals
World July/August 2008.
139. Gunatilke, H. M., and M. A. H. P. Senaratne Abeygunawardena. (1993). Role of
non timber forest products in the economy of peripheral communities of Knuckles
National Wilderness Area of Sri Lanka. Economic Botany. 47:275–281.
140. Gundimeda, H., Sukhdev, P., Sinha, R.K., & Sanyal, S. (2007). Natural resource
accounting for Indian states -illustrating the case of forest resources. Ecological
Economics, 61, 635-649.
141. Gupta, Tirath and Amar Guleria (1982). Non-wood forest products in India.
Oxford and IBH. Pub. Co., New Delhi. Honolulu, Hawaii.
142. Hammen MC, van der Rodríguez CA (1996). Manipulation of forest succession by
the Yukuna and Matapí Indians of the Colombian Amazon. Tropenbos Newsletter,
12: 2-4.
143. Herndon, C.N. and Butler, R.A. (2010). Significance of biodiversity to human
health. Biotropica 42: 558–560.
144. Hegde, R and T. Enters, (2000). Forest Products and Household Economy: a Case
Study from Mudumalai Wildlife Sanctuary, South India .Environmental
Conservation 27(3), 250 –259.
145. Homma AKO (1992). The dynamics of extraction in Amazonia: A historical
perspective. Adv in Econ Botany, 9: 23- 31.
146. India Forestry outlook study. (2009). The Ministry of Environment and Forests
Government of India.
147. India State of Forest Report. (2011). Forest Survey of India Ministry of
Environment and Forests (MoEF) of India. Dehradun India.
148. Indian Institute of Forest Management Newsletter, (2007) III (4): 5–7 Project
Report, IIFM, Bhopal, India.International Development.
207
149. Jean-Laurent P, Patrick R (2002). Non- Timber Forest Products: In: P Jean-
Laurent, R Patrick (Eds): Between Poverty Alleviation and Market Forces. Bern,
Switizerland: Trees and Forests in Development Cooperation, pp. 4-36.
150. Jeannette,V.R. (2000). Non timber forest products (NTFP).Their role in
sustainable forest management in the tropics .Theme studies
,series1,Forests,forestrty and biological diversity support group ,Wageningen, the
Netherlands.49pp.
151. Jensen, A. (2009). Valuation of non-timber forest products value chains. Forest
Policy and Economics 11:34-41.
152. Jodha, N.S. (1986) Common property resources and rural poor in dry regions of
India. Economic and Political Weekly 21(27): 1169-81.
153. Joshi, H. B., (1980) The Silviculture of Indian Trees, Controller of Publications,
New Delhi, , p. 471.
154. Kaimowitz, D. & Sheil, D. (2007) Conserving what and for whom? Why
conservation should help meet basic human needs in the tropics. Biotropica, 39,
567-574.
155. Kaplinsky, R. (2000) Spreading the gains from globalisation: what can be learned
from value chain analysis? IDS Working Paper 110.
156. Keesing, F., Belden, L.K., Daszak, P., Dobson, A., Harvell, C.D., Holt, R.D.,
Hudson, P., Jolles, A., Jones, K.E., Mitchell, C.E., Myers, S.S., Ogich, T. and
Ostfeld, R.S. (2010). Impacts of biodiversity on the emergence and transmission of
infectious diseases. Nature 468: 647–652.
157. Khan, M., Rai, J. P. N. and Tripathi, R. S., (1987) Population structure of some
tree species in disturbed and protected sub tropical forests of northeast India. Acta
Ecol., 247–255.
158. Khare, A. and Rao, A.V.R. (1993) „Products of Social Forestry: Issues, Strategies
and
159. Khare, A., Sarin, M., Saxena, N.C., Palit, S., Bathla, S., Vania, F., and
Satyanarayana, M. 2000. Joint Forest Management: Policy, Practice and Prospects:
208
India Country Policy that Works for Forest and People. International Institute for
Environment and Development (IIED), London. 147 pp.
160. Kirtikar, K. R. and Basu, B. D., (1975) Indian Medicinal Plants, Jayyed Press,
New Delhi, 1975, vol. I, p. 838.
161. Kliejunas JT, Ko WH (1974) Deficiency of Inorganic Nutrients as a Contributing
Factor to Ohia Decline. Phytopathology 64, 891-6.
162. Knight, D. H., (1963) A distance method for constructing forest profile diagrams
and obtaining structural data. Trop. Ecol., 4, 89–94.
163. Kothari, A., F. Vania, P. Das, K. Christopher and S. Jha (1997), Building Bridges
for Conservation: Towards Joint Management of Protected Areas in India. New
Delhi: Indian Institute of Public Administration
164. Koziell I, Saunders J (eds.) (2001). Living off Biodiversity: Exploring Livelihoods
and Biodiversity. IIED, London.
165. Krishnaswamy, V. S. and Mathauda, G. S., (1954) Phenological behaviour of a
few forest spp. at New Forest, Dehra Dun. Indian For., 80, 3–4.
166. L. B. Bharath Kumar, B. L. Patil, H. Basava Raja, S. M. Mundinamani, S. B.
Mahajanashetty and S. N. Megeri (2011). Participation behavior of indigenous
people in non-timber forest products extraction in western ghats forests, Karnataka
J. Agric. Sci.,24 (2) 170-172.
167. Laird SA, McLain RJ, Wynberg R (eds) (2010) Wild product governance: finding
policies that work for non-timber forest products. Earthscan, London
168. Laird, S.A. & Wynberg, R. (2008). Access and benefit-sharing in practice: trends
in partnerships across sectors. CBD Technical Series No. 38. Montreal, Canada,
Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD)
169. Laird, S.A., McLain, R.J. & Wynberg, R.P. (2010). Wild product governance:
finding policies that work for non-timber forest products. London, UK, Earthscan.
170. Lawes M, Eeley H, Shackleton CM, Geach BS (eds) (2004). Indigenous Forests
and Woodlands in South Africa: Policy, People and Practice. University of
KwaZulu-Natal Press, Pietermaritzburg.
171. Lawrence A (2003) No forest without timber, Int Forest Rev 5:87–94.
209
172. M. Arnold, B. Powell, P. Shanley and T.C.H. Sunderland (2011) Forests,
biodiversity and food security, International Forestry Review Vol.13(3), Centre for
International Forestry Research, Jl. CIFOR, Situ Gede, Sindang Barang, Bogor
16680, Indonesia
173. Maithani, G.P., D.C. Sharma and V.K. Bahuguna, (1989). Problems of sal forests-
an analysis. Indian Forester 115(8): 513-525.
174. Malhotra, K. C., M. Dutta, T. S. Vasulu, G. Yadav, and M. Adhikari. (1991). Role
of NTFP in village economy: a household survey in Jamboni range, Midnapore
district, West Bengal. Mimeo. IIBRAD. Calcutta, India.
175. Malhotra, K.C., D. Deb, M. Dutta, T.S. Vasulu, G. Yadav and M. Adhikari (1992),
Role of Non- Timber Forest Produce in Village Economy. Kolkata: IBRAD.
176. Markets Work for Low Income Producers. Washington, D.C.: Forest Trends.
Marshall Newton A, E, Schreckenberg K, (2003). Commercialization of non-
timber forest products: First steps in analyzing the factors influencing success. Int
Fores Rev, 2: 128-137.
177. Marshall E, Newton AC, Schreckenberg K (2005). Commercialization of Non-
Timber Forest Products: First Steps in Analysing the Factors Influencing Success,
Int Fores Rev, 5: 128-135.
178. Martin, G.J., (1995): Ethnobotany: People and Plants‘ a Conservation Manual.
Chapman and Hall, London.
179. Martinez, F and, Beneficiario,C (2004) .Non Timber Forest Products in Colombia:
review of constraints for effective commercialization .Australia.
180. Mathur RB, Shiva MP (1996). Standard NTFP classification and documentation
manual. Dehra Dun: Khanna Bandhu, pp. 1-40.
181. Mbuvi D, Boon E (2008). The livelihood potential of nonwood forest products:
The case of Mbooni Division in Makueni District, Kenya, Envi Dev Sust, 11: 989–
1004.
182. McSweeney, K. (2003). Tropical forests as safety nets? The relative importance of
forestn product sale as smallholder insurance, Eastern Honduras. The International
210
Conference on Rural Livelihoods, Forests and Biodiversity. 12 – 23 May, 2003,
Bonn, Germany.
183. Michon,G, and H,Deforesta.(1997).Agroforests:Pre-domestication of forest trees
or true domestication of forest ecosystem ? Netherlands journal of Agriculture
science
184. Ministry of Agriculture: (1976) Report of the National Commission of Agriculture
- Part IX (Forestry), Government of India, New Delhi.
185. Mishra, J., A.K.Sharma and S.L.Wadhera, (2000). Impact assessment of sal
heartwood borer epidemic on the regeneration status of Sal Forests in Madhya
Pradesh. Journal of Tropical Forestry. 16(4): 10-28.
186. Mishra, R., (1968) Ecology Work Book, Oxford and IBH, Calcutta, p. 244.
187. MoEF (1988). Annual Report, Ministry of Environment & Forests, Government of
India, New Delhi.
188. MoEF (1998). Report of Expert Committee on' conferring ownership rights of
MFPs on Panchayats. Government of India, MoEF New Delhi.
189. MoEF (1999). Annual Report, Ministry of Environment & Forests, Government of
India, New Delhi.
190. Morris J, Bay A (Eds.) (2002). An overview of the NTFP Subsector in Vietnam.
Forest Science Institute of Vietnam: NTFP Research Centre, pp. 4-12.
191. Muellor-Dombois, D. and Ellenberg, H., (1974) Aims and Methods of Vegetation
Ecology, John Wiley & Sons, New York.
192. Mukherjee, A.K. (1994). India's forests: a status report: concepts, definitions,
trends, controversies. Paper presented at the International Workshop on India's
Forests Management and Ecological Revival. New Delhi, 10-12 February.
193. Myers N (1988). Tropical forests: Much more than stocks of wood. J Trop Ecol,
4: 209–221.
211
194. N Pierce, Shanley, P., and Laird, s. (eds.) (2002) Tapping the Green Market:
certification and management of non-timber forest products. Earthscan, London.
Pages 172-182. Nature 339, 655-656.
195. NCA (1976). National Commission on Agriculture, Part IX, forestry, Ministry of
Agriculture Government of India, New Delhi.
196. Ndoye O, Ruiz Pérez M, Eyebe A (1998). The markets of nontimber forest
products in the humid forest zone of Cameroon. Overseas Development Institute,
London: ODI Rural Development. Forestry Network Paper No.22c.
197. Negi VS, Maikhuri RK, Rawat LS (2011) Non-Timber Forest Products (NTFPs):
A Viable Option for Biodiversity Conservation and Livelihood Enhancement in
Central Himalaya. Biodiversity Conservation 20: 545–559.
198. Negi, C.S. (2003), .Yar Tsa Gumba., Down to Earth, 15 October: 49.51.
199. Nepstad DC, Schwartzman S (1992). Non-timber products from tropical forests:
evaluation of a conservation and development strategy. Advances in Economic
Botany, 9: vii–xii.
200. Neumann, R.P. & Hirsch, E. (2000) Commercialisation of non-timber forest
products: review and analysis of research. CIFOR, Bogor, Indonesia.
201. Neumann,R. P. and Hirsch, E. (2000). Commercialisation of Non-timber Forest
Products: Review and Analysis of Research.Centre for International Forestry
Research (CIFOR), Bogor, Indonesia. 176 pp.
202. Nguyen, T. Q. (2006). Forest Devolution in Dak Lak, Vietnam: Improving
ForestManagement or Livelihoods of the Poor? in Mahanty, S. et al. (eds),Hanging
in the Balance: Equity in Community-Based Natural Resource Management in
Asia, 200-222. Regional Community Forestry Training Center for Asia and the
Pacific (RECOFTC), Bangkok; East-West Center, Honolulu.
203. Niehof, A. (2004). The significance of diversification for rural livelihood systems.
Food Policy, 29: 321-338.
204. Nilsson, K., Sangster, M., Gallis, C. Hartig, T. De Vreis, S., Seeland, K. and J.
Schpperijn (2011). Forests Trees and Human Health. Springer 427 p.
212
205. Omkar, K., Ragan, A., Suthari , S. Alluri .S, Ragan. A & Raju, V.S. (2008).
Diversity of NTFPs and Their Utilization in Adilabad District of Andhra Pradesh,
India Journal of Plant Studies Vol. 1, No. 1; March 2012.
206. Oommachan M, Masih SK and Shrivastava JL, (1989) Ethnobotanical studies in
certain forest areas of Madhya Pradesh, J Trop For, 5, 182-196.
207. Padoch, C. (1992a) The economic importance and marketing of forest and fallow
products in the Iquitos region. In: Cousell, S. and Rice, T. (eds.) The rainforest
harvest: Sustainable strategies for saving the tropical forests? 177-97. Friends of
the Earth, London.
208. Panayotou, T. and P. Ashton. (1992). Not By Timber Alone: Economics and
Ecology for Sustaining Tropical Forests. Washington, DC: Island Press.
209. Pattanayak, S.K. and Sills, E.O. (2001). Do Tropical Forests Provide Natural
Insurance? The Microeconomics of Non-Timber Forest Product Collection in the
Brazilian Amazon. Land Economics, 77: 595-612.
210. Peters, C.M. (2001) Lessons from the plant kingdom for conservation of exploited
species. In: Reynolds, J.D., Mace, G.M., Redford, K.H. & Robinson, J.G.)(eds.)
Conservation of Exploited Species. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.
pp. 242-256.
211. Peters, C.M., Gentry, A.H. & Mendelsohn, R.O. (1989): Valuation of an
Amazonian rain forest. Nature, 339, 655-656.
212. Petersen, F. & Kuhn, T. (2007). Novartis and biodiversity: perspectives on access
and benefit-sharing. Business 2010. Montreal, Canada, Secretariat of the
Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD).
213. Philip Mfon and Francis E. Bisong (2011) Impact of Logging on non Timber
Forest Products (ntfps) in the Rainforest of South Eastern Nigeria, Mediterranean
Journal of Social Sciences Vol. 2, No. 3.
214. Pimentel, D., Mcnair, M., Buck, L., Pimentel, M. and Kamil, J. (1997). The value
of forests to world food security. Human Ecology 25: 91–120.
215. Pinedo-Vasquez, M., D. Zarin and P. Jipp (1990), ‗Use Values of Tree Species in a
Communal Forest Reserve in Northeast Peru‘, Conservation Biology, 4: 405–16
213
216. Posey, D.A. (1999). Cultural and Spiritual Values of Biodiversity UNEP: Nairobi,
Kenya.
217. Prasad Ram and Bhatnagar, P. (1998). Non-Wood Forest Products of Central
India. Paper presented to Workshop on Sustainable NTFP Management, 27-30
November 1998, IIFM.
218. Prasad Ram and Bhatnagar, P. (1991). Socio-economic Potential of Minor Forest
Produce in Madhya Pradesh, State Forest Research Institute, Bulletin No. 26,
Jabalpur.
219. Prasad Ram and Dobhal, R. (1995). Cluster Approach for Socio-economic
development of tribal through Sustained development of natural resources in
Madhya Pradesh, Journal of Trop. Forestry, 11 (III): 169-176.
220. Prasad Ram and NC Saxena, (1996). Role of the state in NTFP marketing.
Exchanges ACTIONAID, Bangalore, India.
221. Prasad Ram and Patnaik, S. (1998). Proc. CAMP Workshop (unpublished). 1IFM,
Bhopal.
222. Prasad Ram and RK Pandey (1987). Survey of Medicinal Wealth of Central India,
Journal of Tropical Forestry 3 (III): 98-103.
223. Prasad, B.N. (1985) Regional Non Wood Forest Product Industries. Forest
Industries Development Group. Asia Pacific Region, FAO, Kualalampur.
224. Prasad, R. and Bhatnagar, P. (1993) Non-wood forest products and the indigenous
fringe dwellers in Madhya Pradesh. Journal of Tropical Forestry 9: 188-95.
225. Pretty, J.N.et al., (1995): A Trainer‘s Guide for Participatory Learning and Action.
London, IIED Participatory Methodology Series.
226. Primary census abstract, Census of India, (2001). Publications, Delhi, 1968
Priorities‟ , Wastelands News 6 (4): 7–17.
227. Census of India (2011). India under Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of
India
228. Quiroz, C. (1996) 'Farmer Experimentation in a Venezuelan Andean Region' in
D.M. Warren, S. Fujisaka and G. Prain (eds) Indigenous experimentation and
cultural diversity. London: IT Publications.
214
229. Rajesh R (2006). Analytical Review of the Definitions of Non Timber Forest
Product. (Retrieved May 25, 2010).
230. Ram Prasad and Pandey RK, (1993) Ethno-medico-botanical studies on indigenous
medicinal plants of Lamni and Achanakmar forests of Bilaspur district of Madhya
Pradesh, J Trop For, 9, 27-40.
231. Raufu M. O., Akinniran T.N., Olawuyi S.O., Akinpelu M. O., (2012). Global
Journal of Science Frontier Research Agriculture & Biology Volume 12 Issue 1
Version 1.0 January
232. Reinhard ,F and Admasu, A. (1994).Honey bee Flora of
Ethiopia.Weikersheim,Margraf. ISBN 3-8236-1234-4.
233. Riadh, M. (2007) .Assessing the Role of Non-Timber Forest Products in the
Livelihoods of Communities Living Inside and Outside of Lawachara National
Bangladesh.
234. Room, G. (2000). Trajectories of social exclusion: the wider context. In: Gordon,
D. and Townsend, P. (Eds). BreadlineEurope: The Measurement of Poverty. The
Policy Press rural livelihood security and as safety nets: a review of evidence from
South Africa.
235. Ros Toneen and K.F.Wiersum. (2005).The scope for improving rural livelihoods
through non timber forest products .an evolving research agenda. Forests, Trees
and Livelihood 15,(2):129-148.
236. Ros-Tonen MAF, Kusters K. (2011). Pro-poor Governance of Non-timber Forest
Products: The Need for Secure Tenure, the Rule of Law, Market Access and
Partnerships. In: S. Shackleton et al. (eds.), Non-Timber Forest Products in the
Global Context.
237. Ros-Tonen MAF, Lammerts B EM, Dijkman W (1995). Commercial and
Sustainable Extraction of Non- Timber Forest Products. Towards a Policy and
Management Oriented Research.
238. Roy GP, Shukla BK and Dutt B, (1992) Flora of Madhya Pradesh, Ashish
Publication House, New Delhi.
215
239. Roy GP, Shukla BK and Dutt B, (1992). Flora of Madhya Pradesh, Ashish
Publication House, New Delhi.
240. Ruiz Perez, M. & Byron, N. (1999). A methodology to analyze divergent case
studies of non-timber forest products and their development potential. Forest
Science, 45, 1-14.
241. Ruiz Pérez,M . (2005). Poverty Alleviation and Forest Conservation: The Role of
Non- Timber Forest Products in NTFPs between poverty allevation and market
forces .Switzerland.
242. Saxena AK, Singh JS. (1984). Tree population structure of certain Himalayan
forest associations and implications concerning their future composition.
Vegetatio. 58: 61-69.
243. Scherl, L.M., Wilson, A., Wild, R., Blockhus, J., Franks, P., McNeely, J.A.,
McShane, T.O. (2004). Can Protected Areas Contribute to Poverty Reduction?
Opportunities and Limitations. Chief Scientist‘s Office Report, IUCN, Gland.
244. Scherr SJ, Kaimowitz D, White A (2004). A New Agenda for Forest Conservation
and Poverty Reduction: Office Report, IUCN, Gland.
245. Schreckenberg, K. (1996) Forests, fields and markets: a study of indigenous tree
products in the woody savannas of the Bassila region, Benin. PhD dissertation.
University of London.
246. Scoones I, Melnyk M, Pretty JN (1992) The hidden harvest: wild foods and
agricultural systems. International Institute for Environment and Development,
London
247. Scoones, I. 1998. Sustainable Rural Livelihoods: A Framework for Analysis,
edited by I. o. D. Studies. Brighton: Institute of Development Studies.
248. Shackleton CM, Shackleton SE (1997). The use and potential for
commercialization of veld products in the Bushbuckridge Area. DANCED-
Community Forestry Project in the Bushbuckridge Area, Department of Water
Affairs and Forestry, 104p.
249. Shackleton, C.M. and Shackleton, S.E. (2004). The importance of non-timber
forest products in rural livelihood security and as safety-nets: a review of evidence
216
from South Africa. South African Journal of Science, Rhodes Centenary Issue,
100: 658-664.
250. Shackleton, C.M., Shackleton, S.E. and Cousins, B. (2001). The role of land-based
strategies in rural livelihoods: the contribution of arable production, animal
husbandry and natural resource harvesting in communal areas in South Africa.
Development Southern Africa, 18: 581-604.
251. Shackleton, C.M., Shackleton, S.E., Ntshudu, M. and Ntzebeza, J. (2002). The role
and value of savanna non-timber forestproducts to rural households in the Kat
River Valley, South Africa. Journal of Tropical Forest Products, 8: 45-65.
252. Shackleton, S.E. (2005). The significance of local level trade in natural resource
products for livelihoods and poverty alleviation in South Africa. PhD thesis,
Rhodes University. 287 pp.
253. Shankar, U., (2001) A case of high tree diversity in a Sal (Shorea robusta)
dominated lowland forest of Eastern Himalaya: Floristic composition, regeneration
and conservation. Curr. Sci., 81, 776–786.
254. Shanker and Prasad (2004) . Livelihood gains and ecological costs of NTFP
dependence: assessing the roles of dependence, ecological knowledge and market
structure in three contrasting human and ecological settings in south India
Germany.
255. Shanley P, Luz L, Swingland I (2002) The faint promise of a distant market: a
survey of Belem‘s trade in non-timber forest products. Biodivers Conserv 11:615–
636.
256. Shannon CE, Weaver W. 1949. The Mathematical Theory of Communication.
University of Illions Press, Urbana, USA.
257. Sharma N, Ghosh R, Nigam M (1998) Toxigenic fungi associated with stored
fruits of chironji. Indian Phytopathol 51: 284–286.
258. Sheil, D. & Wunder, S. (2002) The value of tropical forest to local communities:
complications, caveats, and cautions. Conservation Ecology 6, (Indonesia).
259. Shilligton ,J .L. (2002). Non Timber Forest Product Gender and household in
Nicaragua, a commodity chain analysis. Nicaragua.
217
260. Shiva MP, Verma SK. (2002). Approaches to Sustainable Forest Management and
Biodiversity Conservation: With Pivotal Role of Non-timber Forest Products.
Dehra Dun: International Book Distributor.
261. Shiva, M.P. (1995a). The Centre of Minor Forest Products Role in Supporting
NWFP.
262. Shylajan and G. Mythili (2007) .Community Dependence on Non-timber Forest
Products: A Household Analysis and its Implication for Forest Conservation
.India.
263. Simpson EH (1949). Measurement of Diversity. Nature 163: 688
264. Singh J, Patra AK, Nandeshwar DL, Meshram PB, Negi KS (2002) Effect of
growth regulators on the rooting of root cuttings of Chironji (Buchanania lanzan
Spreng). Proceedings of National Workshop on Conservation of Medicinal Plants.
p 128
265. Singh, J. S. and Singh, S. P., (1992) Forests of Himalaya, Gyanodaya Prakashan,
Naini Tal, India. p. 257.
266. Slik, J.W.F., P.J.A. Kebler & P.C. van Welzen. (2003). Macaranga and Mallotus
species (Euphorbiaceae) as indicators for disturbance in the mixed lowland
dipterocarp forest of East Kalimantan (Indonesia) Ecological Indicators 2: 311-
324.
267. Sorensen, F.C. and W.K. Ferrell. (1973). Photosynthesis and growth of Douglas-fir
seedlings when grown in different environments. Can. J. Bot. 51:1689--1698.
268. Sreedharan CK (2002). An Integrated Approach to Conservation of Forests with
Development of Villages in Tamil Nadu. A paper presented at the IUFRO
Science/Policy Interface Task Force regional meeting held in Chennai, India at the
M. S. Swaminathan Research Foundation, 16-19 July.
269. Strategy. Wageningen, (1998) the Netherlands: The Tropenbos Foundation. Ros-
Tonen MAF, Andel T, Assies W, Dijk JFW, Duivenvoorden JF, Hammen MC,
Jong W, Reinders M, Rodríguez ernández CA, Valkenburg JLC.
270. Sunderland TCH, Harrison ST, Ndoye O (2004) Commercialisation of non-timber
forest products in Africa: history, contexts and prospects, Vol. 2 – Africa. In:
218
Sunderland TCH, Ndoye O (eds) Forest products, livelihoods and conservation:
case studies of non-timber forest product systems. CIFOR, Bogor, pp 1–24
271. Sunderlin WD, Angelsen A, Belcher B, Burgers P, Nasi R, Santoso L, and Wunder
S. (2005). Livelihoods, forests, and conservation in developing countries: An
Overview. World.
272. Sunderlin, W.D., Angelsen, A., Belcher, B., Burgers, P., Nasi, R., Santoso, L.,
Wunder, S. Tewari, D.N., (1995). A Monograph on Sal (Shorea robusta greatn.
F.), International Book Distributors, Dehra Dun. 277 p.
273. Teketay, D., (1997) Seedling populations and regeneration of woody species \in
dry Afromontane forests of Ethiopia. Forest Ecol. Manage., 98, 149–165.
274. Tewari, D. D. (2000). Valuation of Non-Timber Forest Products (NTFPs): Models,
Problems, and Issues. Journal of Sustainable Forestry 11 (4):47-68.
275. Tewari, D.D. (1994), .Development and Sustaining Non-Timber Products: Policy
Issues & Concerns with Special Reference to India. Journal of World Forest
Resource Management, 7: 151.78.
276. Tewari, DD and JY Campbell (1995). Developing and Sustaining Non-Timber
Forest Products: SomePolicy Issues and Concerns with special reference to India.
Journal of Sustainable Forestry, 3 (1): 53-79.
277. Ticktin, T. (2004). The ecological implications of harvesting non-timber forest
products. Journal of Applied Ecology, 41: 11-21.
278. Tiwari, D. N., (1995) A Monograph on Sal (Shorea robusta Geartn. f.), Vedams
eBooks (P) Ltd, New Delhi, , p. 277.
279. Tripathi, R. S. and Khan, M. L., (2007) Regeneration dynamics of natural forests –
A review. Proc. Indian Natl. Sci. Acad., 73, 167–195. Troup, R. S., The
Silviculture of Indian Trees, Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1921, vol. I, p. 336.
280. Tuxill, J. (1999). Appreciating the Benefits of Plant Biodiversity. In: Brown, L.R.,
Flavin, C., French, H. and Starke, L., State of the World: a World watch Institute
Report on Progress Toward a Sustainable Society, W.W. Norton, New York. 96–
114.
219
281. Uke, C.M. (2010), Marketing of Irvingia gabonensis in Ibadan Metropolis, Oyo
State, Nigeria, Unpublished Dissertation, Dept. of Forestry and Wildlife
Management, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta.
282. UN Millennium Declaration (2000). Millennium Development Goals.
www.developmentgoals.org
283. USAID (2006). Issues in Poverty Reduction and Natural Resource Management.
United States Agency for International Development, Washington, DC.
284. Vablen, T. T., Ashton, D. H. and Schlsgel, F. J. (1979).Tree regeneration strategies
in lowland Nothofagus dominated forest in south-central Chile. J. Biogeogr., 6,
329–340.
285. Van den Driessche, R., (1982). Relationship between spacing and nitrogen
fertilization of seedlings in the nursery, seedling size and out planting
performance. Canadian J. For. Res., 12: 865-875.
286. Vantomme, P. (2003). Compiling statistics on non-wood forest products as policy
and decision-making tools at the national level. International Forestry Review, 5,
156-160.
287. Vasundhara (2005) Development Policies and Rural Poverty in Orissa: Macro
Analysis and Case Studies
288. Vayda, A.P. & Walters, B.B. (1999). Against political ecology. Human Ecology,
27, 167-179.
289. Vedeld, P., Angelsen, A., Sjaastad, E. & Kobugabe Berg, G. (2004). Counting on
the environment: forest incomes and the rural poor. Environmental Economics
Series No. 98, World Bank, Washington DC, USA.
290. Vedeld, P., Anglesen, A., Bojo, J., Sjaaastad, E., Berg, G.K. (2007). Forest
environmental incomes and the rural poor. Forest Policy and Economics 9:869-
879.
291. Warner,k .McCall, E. and Garner.S (2008). The Role of NTFPs in Poverty
Alleviation and Biodiversity Conservation Proceedings of the international
workshop on the theme in Ha Noi, June 2007 February, 2008 HaNoi, Viet Nam.
220
292. Weiland S, Dedeurwaerdere T. (2010). Editorial: Change in forest governance in
developing countries. In search of sustainable governance arrangements.
International Journal of the Commons Vol. 4 (2): 683–686.
293. Westoby, J, (1989). The Purpose of Forestry: Follies of Development, Basil Black
Well, Oxford.
294. WHO, (2000). Food Security and Nutrition Survey. USA.
295. Wong JLG (2000) The biometrics of non timber forest product resource
assessment: a review of current methodology.
296. World Bank , (2001). A revised forest strategy for the world bank group.Technical
report.World Bank,Washington D.C.
297. World Bank (2000). World Development Report: Attacking Poverty. World Bank,
Washington
298. World Bank, (1996). India, Country Economic Memorandum, Washington DC.
299. World Bank,2002.A Source book for poverty reduction strategies:vol1,World
Bank,Washington D.C
300. World Resources Institute. (1990). The World Bank in the forest sector: a global
policy paper. Wasteland News, 8(2): 6-12.
301. Worldwatch Institute. (1991). Quoted in Wasteland News, (July-August): 22.
302. Wunder S., (2001). Poverty Alleviation and Tropical Forests – What Scope for
Synergies? World Development 29: 1817–1833.