Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 113Author: Karlsson-Elfgren, I.; Rengefors, K.; Gustafsson, S.Year: 2004Title: Factors regulating recruitment from the sediment to the water column in the bloom-forming cyanobacterium Gloeotrichia echinulataJournal: Freshwater BiologyVolume: 49Issue: 3Pages: 265-273Date: MarAccession Number: ISI:000188989600004Keywords: akinete; germination; Gloeotrichia echinulata; migration; recruitment;resting stagesblue-green-algae; planktonic cyanophyte; lake erken; populations;germination; phytoplankton; phosphorus; migration; dynamics; growthAbstract: 1. The influence of light, temperature, sediment mixing and sediment origin (water depth) on the recruitment of the cyanobacterium Gloeotrichia echinulata was examined in the laboratory. 2. Light and temperature were the most important factors initiating germination in G. echinulata. 3. The extent of germination (recruited biovolume) was mainly regulated by temperature and sediment mixing. Furthermore, sediment mixing significantly enhanced the frequency of observed heterocysts and colonies. 4. Despite the fact that the deep and shallow sediments contained a similar number of akinete colonies, the highest recruitment occurred from shallow sediments, indicating that akinetes from shallow sediments have a higher viability than those from deeper parts of the lake. 5. Our results support the hypothesis that shallow sediments are more important than profundal sediments for the recruitment of G. echinulata to the pelagic zone.Notes: Cited References: ANDERSON DM, 1982, LIMNOL OCEANOGR, V27, P757 BAKER PD, 1999, MAR FRESHWATER RES, V50, P265 BARBIERO RP, 1992, FRESHWATER BIOL, V27, P249 BARBIERO RP, 1993, ARCH HYDROBIOL, V127, P87 BARBIERO RP, 1994, J PLANKTON RES, V16, P1581 BINDER BJ, 1986, NATURE, V322, P659 BRAUNE W, 1979, ARCH MICROBIOL, V122, P289 BRUNBERG AK, 2003, J PHYCOL, V39, P58 FORSELL L, 1995, MAR FRESHWATER RES, V46, P287 FORSELL L, 1998, ERGEB LIMNOL, V51, P21 HAKANSON L, 1978, SCRIPTA LIMNOLOGICA, V14, P23 HANSSON LA, 1994, CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI, V51, P2825 HANSSON LA, 1996, P ROY SOC LOND B BIO, V263, P1241

HEAD RM, 1998, VERHANDLUNGEN INT VE, V26, P1711 HEAD RM, 1999, FRESHWATER BIOL, V41, P759 HILLEBRAND H, 1999, J PHYCOL, V35, P403 KEARNS CM, 1996, HYDROBIOLOGIA, V332, P63 KEZHI B, 1985, HYDROBIOLOGIA, V123, P89 KOMAREK J, 1989, ARCH HYDROBIOLOGIE S, V82, P289 KONOPKA A, 1978, APPL ENVIRON MICROB, V42, P102 KUMAGAI M, 1988, JPN J LIMNOL, V49, P185 LUND JWG, 1954, J ECOL, V42, P151 MARCUS NH, 1998, LIMNOL OCEANOGR, V43, P763 MCQUOID MR, 1995, J PHYCOL, V31, P44 NAUWERCK A, 1963, THESIS UPPSALA U UPP NICHOLS JM, 1982, BIOL CYANOBACTERIA, P387 PETTERSSON K, 1993, HYDROBIOLOGIA, V253, P123 RAI AN, 1985, J PLANT SCI RES, V1, P1 RENGEFORS K, 1998, J PHYCOL, V34, P568 REYNOLDS CS, 1972, FRESHWATER BIOL, V2, P87 ROBARTS RD, 1987, NEW ZEAL J MAR FRESH, V21, P391 ROELOFS TD, 1970, LIMNOL OCEANOGR, V15, P224 SANDBERG G, 1969, ARCH HYDROBIOLOGIE S, V35, P119 SCHINDLER DE, 2002, OIKOS, V98, P177 SKUJA H, 1948, SYMBOL BOT UPSAL, V9, P3 SODERBACK B, 1992, ANN ZOOL FENN, V29, P253 STAHLDELBANCO A, 2002, LIMNOL OCEANOGR, V47, P1836 TRIMBEE AM, 1984, J PLANKTON RES, V6, P897 VANDOK W, 1997, J PHYCOL, V33, P12 WESENBERGLUND C, 1904, DANSK FERSKVANDS BIO, V5 WEYHENMEYER G, 1999, SCRIPTA LIMNOLOGICA, V16, P51 WYMAN M, 1986, P ROY SOC LOND B BIO, V227, P381EnglishURL: <Go to ISI>://000188989600004Author Address: Uppsala Univ, Dept Limnol, Evolutionary Biol Ctr, S-75236 Uppsala, Sweden. Lund Univ, Dept Ecol, S-22362 Lund, Sweden.Karlsson-Elfgren, I, Uppsala Univ, Dept Limnol, Evolutionary Biol Ctr, Norbyvagen 22, S-75236 Uppsala, Sweden.irene.karlsson@ebc.uu.se

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 121Author: Karlsson-Elfgren, I.; Rydin, E.; Hyenstrand, P.; Pettersson, K.Year: 2003Title: Recruitment and pelagic growth of Gloeotrichia echinulata (Cyanophyceae) in Lake ErkenJournal: Journal of PhycologyVolume: 39Issue: 6

Pages: 1050-1056Date: DecAccession Number: ISI:000186750700004Keywords: akinete; Gloeotrichia echinulata; life cycle; migration; model;recruitmentplanktonic cyanophyte; algal recruitment; life strategy;cyanobacterium; water; phytoplankton; populations; additions;migration; sedimentAbstract: Different parameters in the life cycle of the colony forming cyanobacterium Gloeotrichia echinulata (J.E. Smith) Richter was evaluated in Lake Erken, Sweden. Recruitment of colonies from the sediments and pelagic abundance were measured during 2 years. These data were then used in a model to evaluate and estimate parameters of the life cycle. In our study, recruitment alone only contributed to a small part (<5%) of the maximum G. echinulata abundance that occurred during late summer. However, recruitment from shallow sediments forms the important seed for the pelagic population. Together with measured rates of migration from the sediment, variations in either pelagic colony division rate or pelagic residence time could explain variations in the measured abundance of G. echinulata in situ.Notes: Cited References: AHLKRONA M, 2000, SCRIPTA LIMNOL UPS B, V16, P1 BARBIERO RP, 1992, FRESHWATER BIOL, V27, P249 BARBIERO RP, 1993, ARCH HYDROBIOL, V127, P87 BLOMQVIST P, 2001, ENVIRON ECOL STAT, V8, P121 BRUNBERG AK, 2003, J PHYCOL, V39, P58 CHANG TP, 1983, ARCH HYDROBIOL, V97, P320 CMIECH HA, 1984, BRIT PHYCOL J, V19, P259 FERLAND C, 1997, STELLA SOFTWARE TECH FORSELL L, 1993, SCRIPTA LIMNOL UPS B, V7, P105 FORSELL L, 1995, MAR FRESHWATER RES, V46, P287 FORSELL L, 1998, ERGEB LIMNOL, V51, P21 HAKANSSON L, 1978, SCRIPTA LIMNOL UPSAL, V8, P1 HANSSON LA, 1994, CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI, V51, P2825 HANSSON LA, 1995, J PHYCOL, V31, P540 HEAD RM, 1998, VERHANDLUNGEN INT VE, V26, P1711 HEAD RM, 1999, FRESHWATER BIOL, V41, P759 HYENSTRAND P, 2000, J PLANKTON RES, V22, P1113 HYENSTRAND P, 2001, FRESHWATER BIOL, V46, P735 ISTVANOVICS V, 1993, J PLANKTON RES, V15, P531 KOMAREK J, 1989, ARCH HYDROBIOLOGIE S, V82, P289 NAUWERCK A, 1963, THESIS UPPSALA U SWE REYNOLDS CS, 1972, FRESHWATER BIOL, V2, P87 REYNOLDS CS, 1981, PHILOS T ROY SOC B, V293, P419

RODHE W, 1948, THESIS UPPSALA U SWE RODHE W, 1958, PERSPECTIVES MARINE, P299 ROELOFS TD, 1970, LIMNOL OCEANOGR, V15, P224 SKUJA HL, 1948, SYMBOLICA BOT UPSALI, V3, P1 TRIMBEE AM, 1984, J PLANKTON RES, V6, P897 TYMOWSKI RG, 2000, ARCH HYDROBIOL, V148, P321 WEYHENMEYER G, 1999, SCR LIMNOL UPSALIE B, V16, P1EnglishURL: <Go to ISI>://000186750700004Author Address: Uppsala Univ, Dept Limnol, Evolutionary Biol Ctr, SE-75236 Uppsala, Sweden. Erken Lab, SE-76173 Norrtalje, Sweden.Karlsson-Elfgren, I, Uppsala Univ, Dept Limnol, Evolutionary Biol Ctr, Norbyvagen 20, SE-75236 Uppsala, Sweden.

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 122Author: Karlsson, I.Year: 2003Title: Benthic growth of Gloeotrichia echinulata CyanobacteriaJournal: HydrobiologiaVolume: 506Issue: 1-3Pages: 189-193Date: Nov 15Accession Number: ISI:000188455600025Keywords: recruitment; benthic growth; migration; akinete; germinationgloetrichia-echinulata; planktonic cyanophyte; lake erken; phosphorusAbstract: Gloeotrichia echinulata is an akinete forming cyanobacterium with both a pelagic and a benthic phase. After germination of the akinete there is a short phase of growth on the sediment before the filaments develop gas vacuoles and migrate up into the water. It has been indicated that during the time of growth on the sediment surface the germlings take up nutrients. Those nutrients would be used during the pelagic phase as the pelagic colonies do not have a very efficient nutrient uptake. To test the length of the initial growth period 'akinete colonies' were picked out of sediment samples from Lake Erken, Sweden, and placed on a thin layer of sediment in wellplates (Nunclon multidish, 48 wells) in an incubator with 17degreesC and a light:dark cycle of 16:8 h. The plates were then studied under a stereo microscope and pictures were taken one or two times per day for 20 days. Germination occurred in one third of the wells and the growth was recorded. The germlings formed bundles on the surface of the old akinete colony during the experiment. Several bundles were found on the same akinete colony. In the migration traps colonies and filament bundles were found. The morphology of filament

bundles found in the migration traps was similar to the filament bundles found in the germination experiment which had reached a stage of development where they would soon be considered colonies.Notes: Cited References: BARBIERO RP, 1992, FRESHWATER BIOL, V27, P249 BARBIERO RP, 1993, ARCH HYDROBIOL, V127, P87 CHANG TP, 1979, BRIT PHYCOL J, V14, P207 FORSELL L, 1995, MAR FRESHWATER RES, V46, P287 ISTVANOVICS V, 1993, J PLANKTON RES, V15, P531 KARLSSON I, 1999, ALGOLOGICAL STUDIES, V94, P175 KOMAREK J, 1989, ARCH HYDROBIOLOGIE S, V82, P289 PETTERSSON K, 1993, HYDROBIOLOGIA, V253, P123 RODHE W, 1948, ENV REQUIREMENTS FRE ROELOFS TD, 1970, LIMNOL OCEANOGR, V15, P224 WESENBERGLUND C, 2004, STUDIER DANSKE SOERS, V1 WEYHENMEYER G, 1999, SCRIPTA LIMNOLOGIC B, V16EnglishURL: <Go to ISI>://000188455600025Author Address: Uppsala Univ, Limnol Dept, S-75236 Uppsala, Sweden.Karlsson, I, Uppsala Univ, Limnol Dept, Norbyvagen 20, S-75236 Uppsala, Sweden.Irene.Karlsson@bc.uu.se

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 139Author: Hyenstrand, Per; Rydin, Emil; Gunnerhed, Malin; Linder, Jeff; Blomqvist, PeterYear: 2001Title: Response of the cyanobacterium Gloeotrichia echinulata to iron and boron additions - an experiment from Lake ErkenJournal: Freshwater BiologyVolume: 46Issue: 6Pages: 735-741Accession Number: AN 2001:511951Keywords: Cyanobacteria; Gloeotrichia echinulata; Growth; Lake waters; Stephanodiscus (cyanobacterium, Gloeotrichia echinulata, response to summer addns. of phosphates, nitrates, and/or iron and boron to Lake Erken, Sweden); Nitrates; Phosphates Role: FFD (Food or feed use), MOA (Modifier or additive use), BIOL (Biological study), USES (Uses) (cyanobacterium, Gloeotrichia echinulata, response to summer addns. of phosphates, nitrates, and/or iron and boron to Lake Erken, Sweden)cyanobacteria response iron boron addn lake water; Gloeotrichia echinulata growth response nutrient addn Lake Erken Sweden

Abstract: This study considered whether the availability of Fe and B has an important effect on development of the cyanobacterium, Gloeotrichia echinulata, in Lake Erken, Sweden. In in-situ expts., PO43- and NO3- were added to all enclosures, but pelagic colonies of G. echinulata only increased in abundance in enclosures to which Fe was also added. An even greater increase in abundance of G. echinulata occurred in enclosures in which PO43-, NO3-, and Fe addns. were complemented by adding B. B addns., together with PO43- and NO3- but without Fe, did not stimulate G. echinulata growth. [on SciFinder (R)]Notes: CAN 135:26174761-1WaterDepartment of Limnology, Institute of Evolutionary Biology,Uppsala University,Uppsala,Swed.Journal0046-5070written in English.479-61-8 (Chlorophyll a) Role: BOC (Biological occurrence), BSU (Biological study, unclassified), OCU (Occurrence, unclassified), BIOL (Biological study), OCCU (Occurrence) (cyanobacterium, Gloeotrichia echinulata, response to summer addns. of phosphates, nitrates, and/or iron and boron to Lake Erken, Sweden); 7439-89-6 (Iron); 7440-42-8 (Boron) Role: FFD (Food or feed use), MOA (Modifier or additive use), BIOL (Biological study), USES (Uses) (cyanobacterium, Gloeotrichia echinulata, response to summer addns. of phosphates, nitrates, and/or iron and boron to Lake Erken, Sweden); 12408-02-5 (Hydrogen ion) Role: OCU (Occurrence, unclassified), OCCU (Occurrence) (cyanobacterium, Gloeotrichia echinulata, response to summer addns. of phosphates, nitrates, and/or iron and boron to Lake Erken, Sweden)

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 141Author: Tymowski, Raphael G.; Duthie, Hamish C.Year: 2000Title: Life strategy and phosphorus relations of the cyanobacterium Gloeotrichia echinulata in an oligotrophic precambrian shield lakeJournal: Archiv fuer HydrobiologieVolume: 148Issue: 3Pages: 321-332Accession Number: AN 2000:492902Keywords: Benthic organisms; Cyanobacteria; Gloeotrichia echinulata; Lake sediments; Lake waters; Plankton (life strategy and phosphorus relations of cyanobacterium Gloeotrichia echinulata in oligotrophic

precambrian shield lake)cyanobacterium growth phosphorus uptake oligotrophic precambrian shield lake; phosphorus uptake growth Gloeotrichia echinulatan oligotrophic precambrian shield lakeAbstract: Expts. to measure phosphorus uptake by the cyanobacterium Gloeotrichia echinulata (J. E. Smith) Richter from lake sediments and from epilimnetic water show that phosphorus accumulated from the sediments by benthic colonies plays an important role in the development of planktonic populations, whereas uptake from epilimnetic water by vegetative colonies is insignificant. During the spring and summer of 1996, the cellular phosphorus quota of both benthic and epilimnetic Gloeotrichia colonies was monitored in the oligotrophic Peninsula Lake, central Ontario, Canada, in order to detect signs of luxury uptake and subsequent utilization during growth. Assays were also used to measure the rate of phosphorus uptake from the sediment and from lake water. G. echinulata, which overwinters in the form of the benthic akinete packets, is capable of obtaining phosphorus directly from the sediments following germination in early summer, and subsequent growth in the epilimnion is based almost entirely on accumulated reserves. [on SciFinder (R)]Notes: CAN 133:21253561-1WaterBaruch Marine Laboratory,Georgetown,SC,USA.Journal0003-9136written in English.7723-14-0 (Phosphorus) Role: BPR (Biological process), BSU (Biological study, unclassified), BIOL (Biological study), PROC (Process) (life strategy and phosphorus relations of cyanobacterium Gloeotrichia echinulata in oligotrophic precambrian shield lake)

Reference Type: BookRecord Number: 148Author: Karlsson, I.Year: 1999Title: On the germination of the akinete-forming cyanobacterium Gloeotrichia echinulata, in Lake Erken, SwedenSeries Editor: Komarek, J.; Eloranta, P.; Lhotsky, O.City: Stuttgart (FRG)Publisher: Schweizerbart'sche VerlagsbuchhandlungNumber of Pages: 175-180. [Arch. Hydrobiol. (Suppl.) (Algol. Stud.)]. 1999.ISBN: 0342-11203510660153

Accession Number: 4728514Keywords: Germination; Colonies; Gloeotrichia echinulata; Sweden, Erken L.FreshwaterQ1 01204 Reproduction and developmentAbstract: The potential germination of akinetes of Gloeotrichia echinulata was studied in in vitro germination experiments with akinete colonies from sediment samples collected during the spring and summer of 1998 at three different depths: 0.5, 1.5, and 4 metres. Germination in vitro occurred between April and August, with the highest germination frequency in colonies collected from the sediment of the shallowest station. The germination period in the lake occurred between the middle of June and the end of July.Notes: 14. Symposium of the International Association for Cyanophyte Research (IAC), Lammi (Finland), 17-21 Aug 1998Cyanobacteria/Cyanophyta, morphology, taxonomy, ecology. Proceedings of the 14th Symposium of the International Association for Cyanophyte Research (IAC). Vol. 129Referred to also as Algological Studies 94.EnglishBook Monograph; ConferenceAuthor Address: Uppsala University, Dep. of Limnology Norbyvaegen 20, S-75236 Uppsala Sweden, [mailto:irene.karlsson@limno.uu.se]

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 158Author: Pitois, S. G.; Jackson, M. H.; Wood, B. J. B.Year: 1997Title: Summer bloom of Gloeotrichia echinulata and Aphanizomenon flos-aquae and phosphorus levels in Antermony Loch, central ScotlandJournal: International Journal of Environmental Health ResearchVolume: 7Issue: 2Pages: 131-140Accession Number: AN 1997:471997Keywords: Algae; Aphanizomenon flos-aquae; Gloeotrichia echinulata; Reservoir sediments; Water pollution (summer bloom of Gloeotrichia echinulata and Aphanizomenon flos-aquae and phosphorus levels in Antermony Loch, central Scotland); Nitrates; Nitrites Role: GOC (Geological or astronomical occurrence), POL (Pollutant), OCCU (Occurrence) (summer bloom of Gloeotrichia echinulata and Aphanizomenon flos-aquae and phosphorus levels in Antermony Loch, central Scotland)Gloeotrichia echinulata summer bloom; Aphanizomenon flos aquae summer bloom; bloom Gloeotrichia Aphanizomenon phosphorus Antermony Loch

Abstract: Nutrient levels (P and N) were measured in a small reservoir in Scotland between Mar. 1994 and Oct. 1995. Algae species were identified. Dense blooms of Gloeotrichia echinulata have regularly occurred in late summer in the reservoir for many years, but it did not reach bloom proportions during the 1995 summer and seemed to have been replaced by Aphanizomenon. The bloom of the cyanobacterium Gloeotrichia echinulata that occurred in August 1994 was studied in relation to P levels present at the time in the water. Results show that the bloom developed after a slight increase in dissolved inorg. P; while the bloom was developing, particulate inorg. forms of P increased and were then replaced by particulate org. forms when the bloom reached its max. d. All P fractions started to decrease shortly before the bloom collapsed. There did not seem to be any change in the distribution of P between its different fractions, at least during the 1st 24 h after collection when the sample was kept in a refrigerator in the dark. We therefore conclude that Gloeotrichia echinulata was probably responsible for transferring P from the sediments up to the water column in Antermony. [on SciFinder (R)]Notes: CAN 127:12620061-2WaterEnvironmental Health Division,University of Strathclyde,Glasgow,UK.Journal0960-3123written in English.7664-41-7 (Ammonia); 7723-14-0 (Phosphorus); 7727-37-9 (Nitrogen) Role: GOC (Geological or astronomical occurrence), POL (Pollutant), OCCU (Occurrence) (summer bloom of Gloeotrichia echinulata and Aphanizomenon flos-aquae and phosphorus levels in Antermony Loch, central Scotland)

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 165Author: Forsell, L.; Pettersson, K.Year: 1995Title: On the seasonal migration of the cyanobacterium Gloeotrichia echinulata in Lake Erken, Sweden, and its influence on the pelagic populationJournal: Marine & Freshwater ResearchVolume: 46Issue: 1Pages: 287-293Alternate Journal: Mar. Freshwat. Res.Accession Number: 3815249Keywords: phytoplankton; lake deposits; sediment-water exchanges;

eutrophiclakes; phosphorus cycle; vertical migrations; GloeotrichiaechinulataSweden, Erken L.FreshwaterQ1 01421 Migrations and rhythmsAbstract: The quantity and distribution of colonies of Gloeotrichia echinulata migrating from the sediments into the water column were studied in Lake Erken by the use of inverted traps. The epilimnetic population and the phosphorus status of the epilimnetic colonies were quantified. The numbers of colonies in the traps were greatest in the shallower areas. As the stratification became weaker and the epilimnetic population declined, the amount of colonies in all the traps increased markedly. Most of the colonies in the traps were due to redistribution within the water column. On the assumption that no epilimnetic uptake of phosphorus occurred in G. echinulata, the internal loading of P due to migrating colonies would be about 0.5 mg per sq m per day during July and August. The proportion of newly migrated colonies in the epilimnetic population was calculated to be about 50 percent for the period before the population maximum. The increasing P content of the colonies after the population maximum indicates that the migration continued even after this.Notes: 6. International Symposium. International Association for Sediment Water Sciences, Santa Barbara, CA (Australia)19951323-1650EnglishJournal Article; ConferenceAuthor Address: Uppsala Univ. Dep. of Limnol., S-761 73 Norrtalje, Sweden

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 166Author: Aziz, A.Year: 1995Title: Nitrogen-Fixation in Relation to the Metamorphosis of Gloeotrichia-Pisum D613Journal: Bangladesh Journal of BotanyVolume: 24Issue: 1Pages: 81-86Date: JunAccession Number: ISI:A1995RF31900013Keywords: n-2-fixation; metamorphosis; gloeotrichia; cultureAbstract: The changes of nitrogen fixation (ARA) were studied in relation to the metamorphosis of Gloeotrichia pisum D613 in batch

culture. During metamorphosis, the alga passes through stages, like hormogonia, juvenile filaments, developing filaments and mature filaments. The relative occurrence of these stages varies with the age of cultures. Maximum ARA was observed ed after one day of growth under continuous light flux of 105 mu E m(-1) s(-1) and at a temperature of 32 degrees C. During this period juvenile filaments were abundant having a maximum heterocyst frequency and cultures had the lowest chi a: dry wt. ratio. Cells of juvenile filaments had no cyanophycin granules. It appeared that the juvenile filaments suffered nitrogen starvation, thus actively fixed nitrogen. Significance of this result in relation to rice cultivation and algalization has been discussed.Notes: EnglishURL: <Go to ISI>://A1995RF31900013Author Address: AZIZ, A, UNIV DHAKA,DEPT BOT,DHAKA 1000,BANGLADESH.

Reference Type: BookRecord Number: 170Author: Jacobsen, B. A.Year: 1994Title: Bloom formation of Gloeotrichia echinulata and Aphanizomenon flos-aquae in a shallow, eutrophic, Danish lakeSeries Editor: Descy, J. P.; Reynolds, C. S.; Padisak, J.Number of Pages: 193-197ISBN: 0018-8158Accession Number: 3645801Keywords: eutrophic lakes; phytoplankton; algal blooms; algae; biomass;sediments; lakes; Cyanophyta; CyanophytaDenmark, Arreskov L.; algal blooms; eutrophic lakesFreshwaterQ1 01461 Plankton; SW 0850 Lakes; D 04310 Freshwater; K 03009AlgaeAbstract: Over a period of four years, the seasonal periodicity of dominant phytoplankton species in a shallow, eutrophic Danish lake changed markedly. Cyanophytes prevailed during the summer period of all four years. In the first three years, species of Microcystis, Anabaena and Aphanothece dominated, whereas in the fourth year of investigation, these algae were replaced by Gloeotrichia echinulata (J. E. Smith) Richter and Aphanizomenon flos-aquae (L.) Ralfs. The most striking environmental differences in the fourth year as compared with the previous three years, were an increase in transparency, from about 0.5 meter in 1989-1991 to more than 2 metres preceding the summer maximum in 1992, and a simultaneous occurrence of low oxygen concentrations. A collapse of the fish population was followed by an

increased proportion of large Cladocerans in the zooplankton. Improved light conditions at the bottom and grazing pressure from large Cladocerans favoured growth of the large colony forming blue-green algae, Gloeotrichia echinulata and Aphanizomenon flos-aquae. These species germinate from resting spores in the sediment and are able to sustain some growth there before migration to the lake water. The transfer of algal biomass from the bottom sediment to the water phase was accompanied by a marked increase in concentrations of particulate phosphorus and nitrogen in the entire lake.Notes: 9. Workshop of the International Association of Phytoplankton Taxonomy and Ecology (IAP), Mont Rigi (Belgium), 10-18 Jul 1993Phytoplankton in turbid environments: rivers and shallow lakes., 1994Hydrobiologia, vol. 289, no. 1-3EnglishBook Monograph; ConferenceAuthor Address: Lab. Environ. Biol. ApS, Baunebjergvej 5, DK-3050 Humleboek, Denmark

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 174Author: Pettersson, Kurt; Herlitz, Eva; Istvanovics, VeraYear: 1993Title: The role of Gloeotrichia echinulata in the transfer of phosphorus from sediments to water in Lake ErkenJournal: HydrobiologiaVolume: 253Issue: 1-3Pages: 123-9Accession Number: AN 1993:433840Keywords: Environmental transport (of phosphorus, from sediment into water, Gloeotrichia echinulata effect on, of Lake Erken, Sweden); Gloeotrichia echinulata (phosphrus transport from sediment into water by, of Lake Erken, Sweden); Geological sediments (lake, phosphrus in, Gloeotrichia echinulata transport of, into water, of Lake Erken, Sweden); Waters (lake, phosphrus in, from sediment, Gloeotrichia echinulata effect on, of Lake Erken, Sweden)Gloeotrichia echinulata phosphorus sediment water LakeAbstract: The abundance of Gloeotrichia echinulata colonies in the sediments of Lake Erken, Sweden, and their P content were studied to det. the contribution of Gloeotrichia colonies to total sediment P. The potential size of the algal inoculum and the migration to the water during summer were estd. The surplus P content of the resting colonies in the sediment was .apprx.45% of total P, which maximized at 8.5 mg P/mg or 81 ng P/colony. The C:P ratio in the early colonies appearing in the lake water was 50:1, while the ratio stabilized at 150 during the major migration period. The internal supply of surplus P was used

during the pelagic growth of the colonies. The internal P loading to the epilimnion of Lake Erken due to Gloeotrichia migration could, from the measurements of the increase in particulate epilimnetic P, be estd. at 40 mg P the sediment before and during the migration verified this value to be a conservative est. of the internal P loading due to Gloeotrichia migration to the epilimnion in the lake. The sediment P content calcd. from the P concn. in early epilimnion colonies resulted in a value of 35 mg P/g as a max. This corresponds to only 3% of the total P content in the lake sediment. [on SciFinder (R)]Notes: CAN 119:3384061-1WaterInst. Limnol.,Uppsala Univ.,Norrtaelje,Swed.Journal0018-8158written in English.7723-14-0 (Phosphorus) Role: OCCU (Occurrence) (in sediment and water, Gloeotrichia echinulata effect on, of Lake Erken, Sweden)

Reference Type: BookRecord Number: 172Author: Pettersson, K.; Herlitz, E.; Istvanovics, V.Year: 1993Title: The role of Gloeotrichia echinulata in the transfer of phosphorus from sediments to water in Lake ErkenSeries Editor: Boers, P. C. M.; Cappenberg, ThE; Raaphorst, WvanNumber of Pages: 123-129ISBN: 0018-8158Accession Number: 2932310Keywords: phosphorus; biogeochemical cycle; sediment chemistry;sediment-water exchanges; biogeochemistry; Cyanophyta;Gloeotrichia echinulataCyanophyta; Gloeotrichia echinulata; Sweden, Erken L.; phosphorus;biogeochemical cycle; sediment-water exchangesFreshwaterQ2 02187 Geochemistry of sediments; Q1 01482 Ecosystems andenergetics; K 03009 Algae; Q4 27480 EnvironmentalApplications/Impact; D 04310 FreshwaterAbstract: The abundance of Gloeotrichia echinulata colonies in the sediments of Lake Erken and their phosphorus content were investigated to determine the contribution of Gloeotrichia colonies to total sediment phosphorus. Moreover, the potential size of the algal inoculum and the migration to the water during summer were estimated. The surplus phosphorus content of the resting colonies in the sediment was about 45% of total phosphorus, which maximized at

8.5 mu g P/(mg dw) or 81 mu g P/colony. The C:P ratio (by weight) in the early colonies appearing in the lake water was 50:1, while the ratio stabilized at 150 during the major migration period. The internal supply of surplus phosphorus was used during the pelagic growth of the colonies. The internal phosphorus loading to the epilimnion of Lake Erken due to Gloeotrichia migration could, from the measurements of the increase in particulate epilimnetic phosphorus, be estimated at 40 mg P/m super(2) or 2.5 mg P/m super(2)/d in late July and early August. Determination of the number of colonies in the sediment before and during the migration verified this value to be a conservative estimate of the internal phosphorus loading due to Gloeotrichia) migration to the epilimnion in Lake Erken. The sediment P content calculated from the P concentration in early epilimnion colonies resulted in a value of 35 mu g P/(g dw) as a maximum. This corresponds to only 3% of the total phosphorus content in Lake Erken sediment.Notes: 3. Int. Workshop on Phosphorus in Sediments, Zeist (Netherlands), 30 Sep-3 Oct 1991Proceedings of the third international workshop on phosphorus in sediments., 1993Hydrobiologia, vol. 253, no. 1-3EnglishBook Monograph; ConferenceAuthor Address: Uppsala Univ., Inst. Limnol., Erken Lab., Norr Malma 4200, S-761 73 Norrtaelje, Sweden

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 175Author: Khatoon, A. A.; Aziz, A.Year: 1993Title: Morphogenesis of Blue-Green-Algae .5. Akinete Differentiation in Gloeotrichia NatansJournal: Bangladesh Journal of BotanyVolume: 22Issue: 2Pages: 223-225Date: DecAccession Number: ISI:A1993MN12500020Keywords: morphogenesis; blue green algae; akinete; gloeotrichia natansNotes: EnglishURL: <Go to ISI>://A1993MN12500020Author Address: KHATOON, AA, UNIV DHAKA,DEPT BOT,DHAKA 1000,BANGLADESH.

Reference Type: Journal Article

Record Number: 176Author: Jensen, T. E.Year: 1993Title: A Morphometric Study of Natural and Laboratory Grown Gloeotrichia SpeciesJournal: MicrobiosVolume: 74Issue: 301Pages: 219-226Accession Number: ISI:A1993LR35000003Keywords: morphometric analysis; gloeotrichiaplectonema-boryanum cyanophyceae; anabaena-flos-aquae; heavy-metals;components; bodies; algaeAbstract: Morphometric analysis was carried out on cells of Gloeotrichia sp. obtained directly from a lake and an isolate of Gloeotrichia sp. grown under laboratory conditions. The surface area of the thylakoids was 38.34 mum2 in cells from the environment compared with 23.37 for cells from culture. The amount of intrathylakoidal space was far greater in cells from the environment (28.53% of the cell volume) compared with 0.92% of the cell volume in cultured cells. The volume of the cell occupied by polyphosphate bodies was 2.53% in natural cells versus 0.21% in cultured cells. Polyhedral body cell volume was 0.67% in natural cells compared with 1.60% in cultured cells. Lipid inclusions occupied 3.71% of the cell volume in natural cells and 0.5% in cultured cells. Cyanophycin granules were few (0.03% of cell volume) in natural cells but more frequent (0.92% of cell volume) in cultured cells. The variation in cell volume of the cyanophycean inclusions is discussed in relation to the environmental conditions of the cells.Notes: Cited References: ALLEN MM, 1968, J PHYCOL, V38, P1 CORPE WA, 1992, MICROBIAL ECOL, V24, P181 FLIESSER SB, 1982, CYTOBIOS, V33, P203 JENSEN TE, 1970, CYTOLOGIA, V35, P132 JENSEN TE, 1981, CYTOBIOS, V32, P129 JENSEN TE, 1982, ENVIRON EXP BOT, V22, P319 JENSEN TE, 1982, ENVIRON POLLUT A, V27, P119 JENSEN TE, 1984, CYTOBIOS, V41, P35 JENSEN TE, 1985, ARCH HYDROBIOL S71, V38, P33 LANARAS T, 1981, PLANTA, V153, P279 LUFT JH, 1961, J BIOPHYS BIOCH CYTO, V9, P409 PANKRATZ HS, 1963, AM J BOT, V50, P387 RACHLIN JW, 1982, ARCH ENV CONTAM TOXI, V11, P323 RACHLIN JW, 1984, ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX, V13, P143 RACHLIN JW, 1985, ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX, V14, P395

RAIL C, 1990, ARCH ENV CONTAM TOXI, V19, P478 SHIVELY JM, 1991, CAN J BOT, V69, P957 SICKOGOAD L, 1977, PROTOPLASMA, V93, P147 SICKOGOAD L, 1979, J PHYCOL, V15, P316 SICKOGOAD L, 1982, PROTOPLASMA, V111, P75 STARR RC, 1978, J PHYCOL S, V14, P47 STEMPAK JG, 1964, J CELL BIOL, V22, P697 WEIBEL ER, 1973, PRINCIPLES TECHNIQUE, V3, P239EnglishURL: <Go to ISI>://A1993LR35000003Author Address: JENSEN, TE, CUNY HERBERT H LEHMAN COLL,DEPT BIOL SCI,BEDFORD PK BLVD W,BRONX,NY 10468.

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 179Author: Barbiero, R. P.Year: 1993Title: A contribution to the life history of the planktonic cyanophyte, Gloeotrichia echinulataJournal: Archiv fur Hydrobiologie. StuttgartVolume: 127Issue: 1Pages: 87-100Alternate Journal: Arch. Hydrobiol.Accession Number: 2997180Keywords: life history; migratory species; temperature effects; dissolvedoxygen; associated species; seasonal variations; populationfunctions; growth; activity patterns; regression analysis;variance analysis; plant morphology; Gloeotrichia echinulata;Gloeotrichia natans; Gloeotrichia pisum; Microcystis;Aphanizomenon flos-aquae; Anabaena circinalis; USA, Washington,SeattlesedimentFreshwaterQ1 01461 PlanktonAbstract: Observations on the life history of Gloeotrichia echinulata were made during the course of a two-season study. Migration out of the sediments was preceded by increases in illumination at the sediment surface. Positive correlations were found between migration rate and both temperature and oxygen concentration. G. echinulata was found to overwinter as a spherical aggregation of akinetes embedded in a thick mucilage. Germination, triggered by light, and a short period of growth probably takes place on the sediment, before the onset of gas vacuolation and the subsequent ascent into the plankton.

Notes: 19930003-9136Bibliogr.: 45 ref.EnglishJournal ArticleAuthor Address: Western Washington Univ., Huxley Coll. Environ. Stud., Bellingham, WA 98225, USA

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 189Author: Querijero-Palacpac, Nirianne Marie; Martinez, Milagrosa R.; Boussiba, SammyYear: 1990Title: Mass cultivation of the nitrogen-fixing cyanobacterium Gloeotrichia natans, indigenous to rice-fieldsJournal: Journal of Applied PhycologyVolume: 2Issue: 4Pages: 319-25Accession Number: AN 1991:581486Keywords: Gloeotrichia natans (nitrogen-fixation and photosynthesis and mass cultivation of); Pigments (of Gloeotrichia natans, carbon dioxide effect on); Biliproteins; Phycocyanins; Phycoerythrins Role: BIOL (Biological study) (of Gloeotrichia natans, carbon dioxide effect on); Nitrogen fixation (of Gloeotrichia natans, light effect on); Photosynthesis (of Gloeotrichia natans, temp. effect on); Light (on nitrogenase activity of Gloeotrichia natans)Gloeotrichia nitrogen fixation rice field phycobiliproteinAbstract: G. natans, a nitrogen-fixing cyanobacterium common in rice fields in the Philippines, was used for studies to establish key features of its physiol. and potential prodn. in outdoor cultures. Under optimal growth conditions (38 Deg, pH 8.0, no carbon enrichment) the specific growth rate of rice-field isolate was 0.076/h. The pH of the medium (between 6.5 and 9.0) did not influence the growth rate, but it did affect phycobiliprotein content, as reflected by a change in color. At pH 7.0 the culture was green-brown, with phycobiliproteins constituting up to 10% of the total protein, while at pH 9.0 the culture was brownish-black and the pigment content was as high as 28% of the total protein. In outdoor cultures the specific growth rate was related directly to cell d. at half this rate. At a stirring of 30 rpm, daily prodn. of outdoor cultures harvested to maintain cell densities of 0.7, 1.15 and 1.5 g L-1 were 14.7, 17.1 and 18.1 g m-2 day-1, resp. This rate of prodn. was maintained for more than 45 days. Phycobiliprotein content in the culture kept at a d. of 1.5 g L-1 reached 14% of the total biomass. [on SciFinder (R)]Notes: CAN 115:181486

16-7Fermentation and Bioindustrial ChemistryNatl. Inst. Biotechnol. Appl. Microbiol.,Los Banos,Philippines.Journal0921-8971written in English.7727-37-9 Role: BIOL (Biological study) (nitrogen fixation, of Gloeotrichia natans, light effect on); 479-61-8 (Chlorophyll a) Role: BIOL (Biological study) (of Gloeotrichia natans, carbon dioxide effect on); 9013-04-1 (Nitrogenase) Role: BIOL (Biological study) (of Gloeotrichia natans, light effect on); 124-38-9 (Carbon dioxide) Role: BAC (Biological activity or effector, except adverse), BSU (Biological study, unclassified), BIOL (Biological study) (phycobiliprotein compn. in Gloeotrichia natans response to)

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 191Author: Mishra, A. K.; Tiwari, D. N.Year: 1990Title: Effect of amino acids and its analogues on Gloeotrichia ghosei and its non-nitrogen fixing mutantsJournal: Acta microbiologica HungaricaVolume: 37Issue: 1Pages: 25-32Accession Number: 91089807Keywords: Aerobiosis; *Amino Acids: PD, pharmacology; Anaerobiosis; Culture Media; Cyanobacteria: DE, drug effects; Cyanobacteria: GE, genetics; *Cyanobacteria: GD, growth & development; Mutation; Nitrogen Fixation0 (Amino Acids); 0 (Culture Media)Abstract: Mutants of Gloeotrichia ghosei fil1 het++ and pol- het- failed to grow on molecular nitrogen and required combined nitrogen sources. NO3- and NH4+ supported maximum growth of parent and mutant strains under aerobic conditions but not under reducing anaerobic or heterotrophic conditions. Glutamine and tryptophan were superior for the parent strain compared to inorganic nitrogen sources. By mutants only glutamine was used whereas tryptophan was inhibitory to them. Development of heterocyst and polarity in the parent and in fil1 het++ was inhibited in the presence of all combined nitrogen sources compared to molecular nitrogen which supported their formation. MSX and AZT (analogues of glutamine and tryptophan, respectively) completely inhibited the growth of all strains in the nitrogen-fixing and NH4(+)-medium. When glutamine and tryptophan were added to MSX- and AZT-containing medium, growth of parent

strain was similar to that of the respective amino acids. The mutants grew only with glutamine + MSX, and tryptophan + AZT complex medium inhibited growth. [on SciFinder (R)]Notes: Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Banaras Hindu University, Varnasi, India0231-4622HungaryJournal; Article; (JOURNAL ARTICLE)English

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 190Author: Mishra, A. K.; Tiwari, D. N.Year: 1990Title: Reversion of Mutation in Non-Nitrogen-Fixing Mutants of the Cyanobacterium Gloeotrichia-GhoseiJournal: MicrobiosVolume: 61Issue: 246Pages: 7-16Accession Number: ISI:A1990CQ42000001Notes: Cited References: CURRIER TC, 1977, J BACTERIOL, V129, P1556 DEMARSAC NT, 1987, CYANOBACTERIA, P251 DRAKE JW, 1969, ANNU REV GENET, V3, P347 HERBERT D, 1971, METHODS MICROBIOLO B, V5, P209 HERDMAN M, 1972, J GEN MICROBIOL, V70, P213 KRATZ WA, 1955, AM J BOT, V42, P282 MISHRA AK, 1983, THESIS BANARAS HINDU MISHRA AK, 1986, NEW PHYTOL, V103, P69 SAFFERMAN RS, 1964, J BACTERIOL, V88, P771 SINGH HN, 1977, ARCH MICROBIOL, V114, P155 SINGH RN, 1976, J CYTOL GENET, V11, P76 STEWART WDP, 1975, BIOCHEM BIOPH RES CO, V62, P62 TIWARI DN, 1977, BEITR BIOL PFLANZ, V53, P177 TIWARI DN, 1979, MICROBIOS LETT, V12, P121 VANBAALEN C, 1980, METHOD ENZYMOL, V69, P38EnglishURL: <Go to ISI>://A1990CQ42000001Author Address: BANARAS HINDU UNIV,CTR ADV STUDY BOT,VARANASI 221005,UTTAR PRADESH,INDIA.

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 194Author: Mishra, A. K.; Tiwari, D. N.

Year: 1989Title: Nitrogen Nutrition and Developmental Behavior of Some Non-Nitrogen-Fixing Mutants of Cyanobacterium Gloeotrichia-GhoseiJournal: Annales Des Sciences Naturelles-Botanique Et Biologie VegetaleVolume: 10Issue: 4Pages: 149-155Accession Number: ISI:A1989DP90500001Notes: Cited References: CARR NG, 1973, BIOL BLUE GREEN ALGA, P39 CURRIER TC, 1977, J BACTERIOL, V129, P1545 FAY P, 1968, NATURE, V220, P810 FOGG FE, 1944, NEW PHYTOL, V43, P164 GOTTO JW, 1979, J BACTERIOL, V140, P327 HASELKORN R, 1978, ANNU REV PLANT PHYS, V29, P319 HAURY JF, 1978, J BACTERIOL, V136, P688 HERBERT D, 1971, METHODS MICROBIOLO B, V5, P209 KRATZ WA, 1955, AM J BOT, V42, P282 KULASOORIYA SA, 1972, P ROY SOC B, V181, P199 MISHRA AK, 1986, NEW PHYTOL, V103, P69 MYERS J, 1955, J GEN PHYSIOL, V39, P11 NEILSON A, 1971, ARCH MIKROBIOL, V76, P139 OGAWA RE, 1969, LIMNOL OCEANOGR, V14, P342 RIPPKA R, 1978, J GEN MICROBIOL, V105, P83 SAFFERMAN RS, 1964, J BACTERIOL, V88, P771 SINHA BD, 1973, ANN BOT, V37, P673 SYRETT PJ, 1972, PHYSL BIOCH ALGAE, P171 TIWARI DN, 1977, BEITR BIOL PFLANZ, V53, P177 WILCOX M, 1975, ARCH MICROBIOL, V103, P219 WOLK CP, 1980, NITROGEN FIXATION, V2, P279 YADAVA PK, 1979, MOL GEN GENET, V173, P153EnglishURL: <Go to ISI>://A1989DP90500001Author Address: BANARAS HINDU UNIV,CTR ADV STUDY BOT,VARANASI 221005,UTTAR PRADESH,INDIA.

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 199Author: Khan, K. R.; Maxwell, T. F.; Forest, H. S.Year: 1989Title: Taxonomic implications of developmental morphology in blue-green algae: Rivularia, Gloeotrichia , and CalothrixJournal: Journal of PhycologyVolume: 25Issue: 2 suppl.

Pages: 15Alternate Journal: J. Phycol.Accession Number: 2130037Keywords: morphogenesis; taxonomy; Cyanophyta; Rivularia; Gloeotrichia;Calothrixalgal cultureQ1 01223 Taxonomy and morphology; Q3 01585 Plant cultureAbstract: Cultures were obtained from collections and started with material collected in the field. Included were planktonic and non-planktonic forms, with and without gas vacuoles. Although assigned to different genera in classical taxonomy, all of the algae showed similarity in development, including stages in which the trichomes are not tapered and lack heterocysts. Gas vacuoles were not a constant character in any culture. Small differences were observed among cultures, but they were interpreted as being in the order of population variation not taxonomic categories.Notes: Annu. Meet. of the Phycological Soc. of America, Toronto, Ont. (Canada), 6-10 Aug 198919890022-3646Summary only.EnglishJournal Article; Conference; SummaryAuthor Address: State Univ. New York, Geneseo, NY 14454-1401, USA

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 201Author: Aziz, A.; Almousawi, A.; Whitton, B. A.Year: 1989Title: Morphogenesis of Blue-Green-Algae .2. Hair Differentiation in GloeotrichiaJournal: Bangladesh Journal of BotanyVolume: 18Issue: 2Pages: 205-208Date: DecAccession Number: ISI:A1989CF10500012Notes: EnglishURL: <Go to ISI>://A1989CF10500012Author Address: AZIZ, A, UNIV DHAKA,DEPT BOT,DHAKA 1000,BANGLADESH.

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 206

Author: Aziz, A.; Whitton, B. A.Year: 1988Title: Influence of light flux on nitrogenase activity of the deepwater rice-field cyanobacterium (blue-green alga) Gloeotrichia pisum in field and laboratoryJournal: MicrobiosVolume: 53Issue: 214Pages: 7-19Accession Number: AN 1988:164527Keywords: Gloeotrichia pisum (nitrogenase of, light regulation of); Microorganism growth (of Gloeotrichia pisum, nitrogenase regulation by light in relation to); Light (on nitrogenase of Gloeotrichia pisum)Gloeotrichia nitrogenase lightAbstract: Ests. of nitrogenase activity (using the acetylene redn. assay technique) were made on colonies of G. pisum in a deepwater rice-field in Bangladesh, where this species is often the dominant alga, and on a clonal axenic lab. isolate. The study focused on the influence of light flux, because rapid and frequent changes are a feature of the light climate during the monsoon season. The response of nitrogenase to changes in light flux was quite rapid in the field and the lab. During one field study over a 24-h period lacking any long overcast period, only 3.7% of the total nitrogenase activity took place during the night. In batch culture, higher nitrogenase activity (per unit time) occurred for a period of about 12 h after a culture, which had been left in the dark for 12 h and had been re-illuminated, than the max. activity found under continuous illumination. The increase reached a max. of .apprx.100% after 3.5 h, and by 12 h this increased activity had made good 80% of the total activity lost by incubating the culture in darkness rather than light. [on SciFinder (R)]Notes: CAN 108:16452710-2Microbial BiochemistryDep. Bot.,Univ. Durham,Durham,UK.Journal0026-2633written in English.9013-04-1 (Nitrogenase) Role: PROC (Process) (of Gloeotrichia pisum, light regulation of)

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 207Author: Aziz, A.; Whitton, B. A.Year: 1987Title: Morphogenesis of Blue-Green-Algae .1. Filament Development in

GloeotrichiaJournal: Bangladesh Journal of BotanyVolume: 16Issue: 1Pages: 69-81Date: JunAccession Number: ISI:A1987H908900008Notes: EnglishURL: <Go to ISI>://A1987H908900008Author Address: AZIZ, A, UNIV DHAKA,DEPT BOT,DHAKA,BANGLADESH.

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 209Author: Wyman, M.; Fay, P.Year: 1986Title: Interaction between Light Quality and Nitrogen Availability in the Differentiation of Akinetes in the Planktonic Cyanobacterium Gloeotrichia-EchinulataJournal: British Phycological JournalVolume: 21Issue: 2Pages: 147-153Date: JunAccession Number: ISI:A1986C739400003Notes: Cited References: ALLEN MM, 1969, ARCH MIKROBIOL, V69, P114 BENNETT A, 1973, J CELL BIOL, V58, P419 CARR NG, 1979, DEV BIOL PROKARYOTES, P167 COBB HD, 1964, AM J BOT, V51, P753 FAY P, 1969, J EXP BOT, V20, P100 FAY P, 1970, BIOCHIM BIOPHYS ACTA, V216, P353 FAY P, 1984, BRIT PHYCOL J, V19, P163 FOGG GE, 1960, P R SOC LONDON B, V153, P111 FOGG GE, 1973, BLUE GREEN ALGAE HIROSAWA T, 1979, J GEN MICROBIOL, V114, P423 LAU RH, 1977, J BACTERIOL, V132, P771 NICHOLS JM, 1980, ARCH MICROBIOL, V127, P67 ROELOFS TD, 1970, LIMNOL OCEANOGR, V15, P224 ROTHER JA, 1977, P ROY SOC LOND B BIO, V196, P317 ROTHER JA, 1979, BRIT PHYCOL J, V14, P59 SIMON RD, 1977, ARCH MICROBIOL, V111, P283 SMITH RV, 1974, BRIT PHYCOL J, V9, P239 SUTHERLAND JM, 1979, J GEN MICROBIOL, V115, P273 TALLING JF, 1961, PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY, P175 TALLING JF, 1971, MITT INT VEREIN THEO, V19, P214

WALSBY AE, 1971, P ROY SOC B, V178, P301 WOLK CP, 1965, DEV BIOL, V12, P15 YAMANAKA G, 1980, ARCH MICROBIOL, V124, P39EnglishURL: <Go to ISI>://A1986C739400003Author Address: UNIV LONDON WESTFIELD COLL,DEPT BOT & BIOCHEM,LONDON NW3 7ST,ENGLAND.

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 208Author: Wyman, M.; Fay, P.Year: 1986Title: Interaction between light quality and nitrogen availability in the differentiation of akinetes in the planktonic cyanobacterium Gloeotrichia echinulataJournal: Br. Phycol. J.Volume: 21Issue: 2Pages: 147-153Accession Number: 1503189Keywords: cell differentiation; light effects; nitrogen; resting stages;light intensity; wavelength; nutrient deficiency; interactions;akinetes; Gloeotrichia echinulatamorphogenesis; association; akinete formation; akinetes; celldifferentiation; nitrogen; resting stages; interactionsFreshwaterQ1 01422 Environmental effects; K 03001 Algae; D 04620MicroorganismsAbstract: Akinete differentiation in Gloeotrichia echinulata is stimulated in batch cultures in the absence of a source of combined nitrogen. When inorganic nitrogen is available in the medium, the logarithmic phase of growth is prolonged and akinetes form at a higher culture density than when dinitrogen is supplied as the sole source of this element. Light quality also influences the timing of akinete differentiation; akinetes are formed at a lower culture density in green light in comparison to white light, particularly in the absence of combined nitrogen. These observations are interpreted in terms of the light energy requirement for the maintenance of growth and the spectral requirements for nitrogen fixation in cultures free of combined nitrogen. The data are related to the influence of variations in underwater light climate on the development of akinetes in natural populations of planktonic blue-green algae.Notes: 1986EnglishJournal ArticleAuthor Address: Dep. Biol. Sci., Univ. Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 2Author: Mishra, A. K.; Tiwari, D. N.Year: 1986Title: Mutagenesis and Isolation of Morphological Mutants Impaired in Nitrogen-Fixing Capacity from a Cynaobacterium Gloeotrichia ghoseiJournal: New PhytologistVolume: 103Issue: 1Pages: 69-77Date: MayKeywords: Cyanobacteria, Gloeotrichia ghosei, N-Methyl-N'-Nitro-N-Nitrosoguanidine, Ultra-Violet Irradiation, Nif$^-$ Mutant, Heterocyst, Nitrogen FixationAbstract: Ultraviolet (u.v.) irradiation and treatment with nitrosoguanidine (NTG) were used to produce mutants of the cyanobacterium Gloeotrichia ghosei. Three non-nitrogen fixing (nif$^-$) mutants, which were also altered in their morphological characteristics, were isolated. They were designated as fil$^1$ het$^+$, fil$^1$ het$^++$ and pol$^-$ het$^-$. The first two mutants formed heterocysts and exhibited polarity while the third (i.e. pol$^-$ het$^-$) had neither heterocysts nor polarity. The fil$^1$ het$^+$ strain had a developmental pattern similar to that of the parent alga, but with longer filaments, while the fil$^1$ het$^{++}$ strain formed chains of intercalary heterocysts and the long filaments showed evidence of intercalary polarity. The isolation of these mutants demonstrates the feasibility of using Gloeotrichia to relate developmental morphology to nitrogen fixation and heterocyst differentiation in a filamentous cyanobacterium.Notes: FLA0028646xBlackwell Science PublicationslatexCopyright 1986 New Phytologist TrustURL: http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0028-646X%28198605%29103%3A1%3C69%3AMAIOMM%3E2.0.CO%3B2-T

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 211Author: Tiwari, D. N.; Singh, L. J.; Mishra, A. K.Year: 1985Title: Evidence for a reversible action of methionine sulfoximine during growth of the cyanobacterium, Gloeotrichia ghosei singhJournal: New Phytologist

Volume: 99Issue: 3Pages: 361-5Accession Number: AN 1985:182332Keywords: Amino acids Role: BIOL (Biological study) (cyanobacterium growth inhibition by methionine sulfoximine reversal by); Gloeotrichia ghosei (methionine sulfoximine inhibition of growth and nitrogen uptake by, reversibility of)methionine sulfoximine Gloeotrichia nitrogen growthAbstract: Inhibition by L-methionine-DL-sulfoximine (MSX) of growth, NO3- and NH4+ uptake in G. ghosei disappeared after a lag period of 6-8 days. The ability of the organism to resume growth or N uptake following a lag period was not due to decay of the inhibitor. Amino acids such as glutamine or methionine, which function as N sources, abolished the inhibitory action of MSX. [on SciFinder (R)]Notes: CAN 102:18233210-5Microbial BiochemistryCent. Adv. Study Bot.,Banaras Hindu Univ.,Varanasi,India.Journal0028-646Xwritten in English.15985-39-4 Role: BIOL (Biological study) (cyanobacterium growth and nitrogen uptake inhibition by, reversibility of); 56-85-9; 63-68-3 Role: BIOL (Biological study) (cyanobacterium growth inhibition by methionine sulfoximine reversal by); 52-90-4; 56-45-1; 56-84-8; 63-91-2; 71-00-1; 73-22-3 Role: BIOL (Biological study) (cyanobacterium growth response to); 14797-55-8; 14798-03-9 Role: BIOL (Biological study) (uptake of, by cyanobacterium, methionine sulfoximine reversible action in relation to)

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 4Author: Tiwari, D. N.; Singh, L. J.; Mishra, A. K.Year: 1985Title: Evidence for a Reversible Action of Methionine Sulphoximine During Growth of the Cyanobacterium, Gloeotrichia ghosei SinghJournal: New PhytologistVolume: 99Issue: 3Pages: 361-365Date: Mar.Keywords: Cyanobacteria, Gloeotrichia ghosei, Growth, L-Methionine-DL-Sulphoximine, Nitrate, Ammonia Uptake, Amino AcidsAbstract: Inhibition by L-methionine-DL-sulphoximine (MSX) of

growth, nitrate and ammonia uptake in Gloeotrichia ghosei Singh disappeared after a lag period of 6 to 8 d. The ability of the organism to resume growth or nitrogen uptake following a lag period was not due to decay of the inhibitor. Amino acids such as glutamine or methionine, which function as nitrogen sources, abolished the inhibitory action of MSX.Notes: FLA0028646xBlackwell Science PublicationsCopyright 1985 New Phytologist TrustURL: http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0028-646X%28198503%2999%3A3%3C361%3AEFARAO%3E2.0.CO%3B2-L

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 214Author: Mishra, A. K.; Tiwari, D. N.Year: 1985Title: Enhancement of NTG mutagenesis by chloramphenicol in Gloeotrichia ghoseiJournal: Molecular and General GeneticsVolume: 201Issue: 2Pages: 351-2Accession Number: AN 1986:181467Keywords: Mutation (from methylnitronitrosoguanidine, in Gloeotrichia ghosei, chloramphenicol effect on); Gloeotrichia ghosei (methylnitrosoguanidine mutagenicity in, chloramphenicol effect on)methylnitronitrosoguanidine mutagenicity Gloeotrichia chloramphenicolAbstract: The mutagenicity of N-methyl-N-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (NTG) [70-25-7] for G. ghosei, a cyanobacterium, was enhanced by simultaneous treatment with NTG and chloramphenicol [70-25-7] with minimal effect on survival. Addn. of chloramphenicol at the time of NTG treatment enhanced the mutation frequency of the filsmarker .apprx.10-fold. [on SciFinder (R)]Notes: CAN 104:1814674-6ToxicologyCent. Adv. Study Bot.,Banaras Hindu Univ.,Varanasi,India.Journal0026-8925written in English.56-75-7; 70-25-7 Role: BIOL (Biological study) (mutagenicity in Gloeotrichia ghosei in relation to); 70-25-7 Role: ADV (Adverse effect, including toxicity), BIOL (Biological study) (mutagenicity of, in

Gloeotrichia ghosei, chloramphenicol effect on)

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 219Author: Chang, T. P.; Chang-Schneider, H.Year: 1985Title: Revision of the cyanophycean genus GloeotrichiaJournal: Archiv fuer Hydrobiologie, SupplementVolume: 71Issue: 1-2Pages: 249-256Alternate Journal: Arch. Hydrobiol. (Suppl.).Original Publication: Revision der Blaualgengattung GloeotrichiaAccession Number: 1077536Keywords: taxonomy; cell morphology; GloeotrichiaFreshwaterQ1 01223 Taxonomy and morphologyNotes: 19850342-1120Referred to also as Algological Studies 38/39.GermanJournal ArticleAuthor Address: Rosenst. 15, D-8044 Lohhof, FRG

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 218Author: Chang, T. P.Year: 1985Title: Comparative studies on Gloeotrichia -speciesJournal: Archiv fuer Hydrobiologie, SupplementVolume: 71Issue: 1-2Pages: 235-247Alternate Journal: Arch. Hydrobiol. (Suppl.).Original Publication: Vergleichsstudien and Gloeotrichia -ArtenAccession Number: 1193339Keywords: cell morphology; cultured organisms; nutritional requirements;GloeotrichiaFreshwaterQ1 01223 Taxonomy and morphologyAbstract: The morphological variability of some species in the genus Gloeotrichia was studied and compared with the cultures from the algal collections as well as the collected samples from natural environments. Inter-strain variations were not investigated but the

inter-species variations were. Filaments with both heterocysts and akinetes belong to Gloeotrichia species, such as Gl. echinulata, Gl. longicauda and Gl. natans . The morphologically changed forms of one species in the nutrient-enriched cultures are very comparable with different described species living in the polluted waters. Some ecological co-relations between morphological changes and nutrient requirements are discussed.Notes: 19850342-1120Referred to also as Algol. Stud. 38/39.GermanJournal ArticleAuthor Address: Inst. Strahlenhyg. Bundesgesundheitsamtes, Ingolstaedter Landstr. 1, D-8042 Neuherberg, FRG

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 223Author: Cmiech, H. A.; Leedale, G. F.; Reynolds, C. S.Year: 1984Title: Morphological and ultrastructural variability of planktonic Cyanophyceae in relation to seasonal periodicity. I. Gloeotrichia echinulata: Vegetative cells, polarity, heterocysts, akinetesJournal: Br. Phycol. J.Volume: 19Issue: 3Pages: 259-275Accession Number: 3906585Keywords: cell morphology; phytoplankton; seasonal variations;ultrastructure; cytology; Gloeotrichia echinulataFreshwaterQ1 01223 Taxonomy and morphologyAbstract: Morphology, cytology and ultrastructure of vegetative cells, filament polarity, heterocyst differentiation and akinete development in Gloeotrichia echinulata are described under natural conditions for the first time by following wild populations of the alga over two successive field seasons. The ageing sequence of vegetative cells is studied in space and time by comparing cells from one end of a filament to the other and by comparing filaments through a complete cycle of growth and development. Heterocysts are characterized by massive sheaths and absence of membranous polar elaborations; healthy gas vesicles are retained in the heterocyst, even into senescence. Akinetes develop a "spore sheath" by modification of the filament sheath. As the akinete develops, a dense stratified deposit accumulates externally to the adjacent chain of meristematic cells. These become isolated and eventually detached, presumably as a hormogonial form of perennation. (DBO)

Notes: 19840007-1617EnglishJournal ArticleAuthor Address: Dep. Plant Sci., Univ. Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK

Reference Type: BookRecord Number: 224Author: Chang, T. P.Year: 1984Title: Revision of the genus Gloeotrichia (Cyanophyta)ISBN: 0022-3646Accession Number: 909740Keywords: plant morphology; taxonomy; GloeotrichiaFreshwaterQ1 01223 Taxonomy and morphologyAbstract: Gloeotrichia , according to the presence of basal akinetes and heterocysts, should be separated from Rivularia as an independent genus in which more than 20 species and forms are known from literature and which can be now regrouped according to their similarities in morphological descriptions and original figurations. These 3 groups are examined with recently collected samples and cultured strains and, conclusively, only 3 are relevant species.Notes: Annual Meeting of the Phycological Society of America, Fort Collins, CO (USA), 5-9 Aug 1984(ABSTRACTS. ANNUAL MEETING OF THE PHYCOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA, 1984)., 1984, p. 26, Journal of Phycology [J. PHYCOL.], vol. 20, no. suppl.Summary only.EnglishBook Monograph; Conference; SummaryAuthor Address: Inst. Radiat. Hyg., BGA, D-8042 Neuherberg, FRG

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 227Author: Martinez, M. R.; Dulayleong, N.; Aquino, R. F.Year: 1983Title: Resistance of the Blue-Green-Alga Gloeotrichia-Natans to DesiccationJournal: Kalikasan-the Philippine Journal of BiologyVolume: 12Issue: 1-2Pages: 182-186Accession Number: ISI:A1983RB98200025Notes: EnglishURL: <Go to ISI>://A1983RB98200025

Author Address: MARTINEZ, MR, UNIV PHILIPPINES,DEPT BOT,LOS BANOS 3720,PHILIPPINES.

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 226Author: Martinez, M. R.; Dulay-Leong, N.; Aquino, R. F.Year: 1983Title: Resistance of the blue-green alga Gloeotrichia natans to desiccationJournal: KalikasanVolume: 12Issue: 1-2Pages: 182-186Accession Number: 886910Keywords: desiccation; biological resistance; Gloeotrichia natansresistance; characterization; biological resistanceFreshwaterK 03005 Algae; Q1 01422 Environmental effectsNotes: 1983EnglishJournal ArticleAuthor Address: Dep. Bot., Univ. Philippines at Los Banos, College, Laguna 3720, Philippines

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 230Author: Chang, T. P.Year: 1983Title: The Morphology of Gloeotrichia-Echinulata (Smith) Richter in Axenic CultureJournal: Schweizerische Zeitschrift Fur Hydrologie-Swiss Journal of HydrologyVolume: 45Issue: 1Pages: 296-297Accession Number: ISI:A1983RQ96900022Notes: GermanURL: <Go to ISI>://A1983RQ96900022Author Address: BUNDESGESUNDHEITSAMT,INST STRAHLENHYG,D-8042 NEUHERBERG,FED REP GER.

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 229Author: Chang, T. P.Year: 1983Title: Interaction of water-blooming cyanophyte Gloeotrichia

echinulata and its endophytic blue-green alga Pseudanabaena catenataJournal: Archiv fur Hydrobiologie. StuttgartVolume: 97Issue: 3Pages: 320-328Alternate Journal: Arch. Hydrobiol.Accession Number: 655272Keywords: algal blooms; seasonality; endoparasitism; Pseudanabaena catenataGloetricha echinulata; Germany, Fed. Rep., Schleswig-Holstein,Great Ploener L.FreshwaterQ1 01484 Species interactions: parasites and diseasesAbstract: During its summer vegetation period G. echinulata appears rhythmically in lake surface waters for one to two days and then disappears in the following 8-9 days. This bloom alga which appeared for June-July contained no P. catenata and in August - September carried some Pseudanabaena trichomes. It has been observed that P. catenata can grow into G. echinulata cells and can destroy the host alga totally. A heterotrophic growth on cell-lysates of host alga is possible for P. catenata . The presence of such endophyte can be considered as a risk factor for the host alga and thus can be used to explain the recessive phenomenon of G. echinulata in the Ploener Lake.Notes: 19830003-9136EnglishJournal ArticleAuthor Address: Inst. Strahlenhyg. Bundesgesundheitsamtes, Ingolstaedter Landst. 1, 8042 Neuherberg, FRG

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 244Author: Chang, T. P.; Blauw, T. S.Year: 1980Title: Nitrogen fixing capacity of two colonial types of Gloeotrichia echinulata (Smith) RichterJournal: Arch. Hydrobiol.Volume: 89Issue: 3Pages: 382-386Keywords: morphology (organisms); nitrogen fixation; Gloeotrichia echinulataphotosynthesis; light effects; anoxic conditions; AlgaeFreshwater

Q1 01481 ProductivityAbstract: Membrane-like colonies of G. echinulata , containing mostly short trichomes, showed higher photosynthetic activity than cluster-like colonies with long trichomes. The nitrogen fixing capacity of membrane-like colonies with high heterocyst ratios was 300-800% higher than that of cluster-like colonies with low heterocyst ratios in weak light cultures, but not in high light cultures.Notes: EnglishJournal Article

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 251Author: Pattnaik, U.; Singh, P. K.Year: 1978Title: Effect of nitrate nitrogen on the growth, heterocyst differentiation and nitrogen fixation in rice field blue-green alga Gloeotrichia spJournal: Archiv fuer Hydrobiologie, SupplementVolume: 51Issue: 3Pages: 318-27Accession Number: AN 1978:593736Keywords: Nitrogen fixation (by Gloeotrichia, nitrate effect on); Gloeotrichia (growth and heterocyst formation in, nitrate effect on)Gloeotrichia heterocyst differentiation nitrogen fixation; nitrate Gloeotrichia nitrogen fixation heterocystAbstract: A species of the blue-green alga Gloeotrichia was cultured from a water-logged rice field, in N-free and NO3--contg. media. In the N-free medium, the alga grew well, fixed N, and formed 2.3% heterocysts in the filaments. The addn. of Ca(NO3)2 of ?300 mg/mL to the medium did not affect growth or N-fixation adversely, and N-fixation was greater with an increase in the incubation period of ?25 days. There was a gradual decrease in the heterocyst frequency with increasing concns. of Ca(NO3)2, with complete suppression of heterocyst differentiation at a concn. of 1000 mg/mL. With higher concns. of NO3-, the filaments were elongated due to the low extent of differentiation or absence of heterocysts, and the cells were granulated. [on SciFinder (R)]Notes: CAN 89:19373610-13Microbial BiochemistryLab. Blue-Green Algae,Cent. Rice Res. Inst.,Cuttack,India.Journal0365-284Xwritten in English.

14797-55-8 Role: BIOL (Biological study) (Gloeotrichia growth and heterocyst formation in response to)

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 250Author: Pattnaik, U.; Singh, Ph D.Year: 1978Title: Effect of some amino acids on growth and heterocysts of blue-green alga Gloeotrichia spJournal: Arch. Hydrobiol. (Suppl.)Volume: 51Issue: 4Pages: 428-433Keywords: growth; phytoplankton culture; amino acids; Gloeotrichiapopulation density; nitrogenFreshwaterQ1 01226 Physiology, biochemistry, biophysics; Q1 01585 Plant cultureAbstract: Gloeotrichia was cultured from water-logged rice fields and the effect of amino acids (tryptophan, glutamic acid, histidine and proline) was studied on the growth and heterocyst differentiation in medium free from combined nitrogen. The addition of 10 to 20 g.mlSUP--1 of amino acids encouraged growth as evidenced by increase in optical densities after various incubation times whereas the concentrations of 80-100 g.mlSUP--1 caused its gradual reduction. The heterocyst frequency varied from 1.3 to 2.9 in control cultures as well as in the presence of amino acids. There was no significant effect on the heterocyst frequency. Low concentrations of organic nitrogen encouraged the growth of alga without altering heterocyst frequency significantly.Notes: EnglishJournal Article

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 271Author: Khan, K. R.; Schumacher, G. J.Year: 1973Title: The induction of akinetes and their germination in Gloeotrichia echinulata (J.E. Smith) RightJournal: Journal of Phycology [J. Phycol.]Volume: 9Issue: Suppl.Pages: [np]Accession Number: 5197924Keywords: Freshwater

Q1 01224 Reproduction and developmentAbstract: Plankton colonies of Gloeotrichia echinulata collected from Conesus Lake, NY, during the summer of 1972 did not show any akinetes. The surface water temperature of the lake ranged from 19 degree C in the early morning hours to 27 degree C in the later afternoon. When these colonies were cultured in the laboratory at 21 degree C and 15 degree C for similar to 3 weeks, akinetes developed. The order of frequency of induction of akinetes decreased with decreased temperature. Akinetes from the induced colonies were isolated for the purpose of studying the frequency of germination by homogenation followed by centrifugation. When the isolated akinetes were placed in fresh medium, the frequency of germination increased with time up to 2 weeks. The germination could not be followed into the 3rd weeks as the germlings started developing and occasionally releasing akinetes of their own. There seems to be 2 modes of releasing germlings from the akinetes.Notes: 1973.0022-3646Records keyed from 1973 ASFA printed journalsEnglishJournal ArticleAuthor Address: State Univ. New York Binghampton, NY USA

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 276Author: Spodniewska, I.Year: 1971Title: The influence of experimental increase of biomass of the blue-green algae Gloeotrichia echinulata (Smith) Richter on phytoplankton productionJournal: Ekol. PolVolume: 19Issue: 31Pages: 475-483Accession Number: 5506566Keywords: FreshwaterQ1 01461 PlanktonAbstract: Field experiments carried out in an eutrophic lake showed an increase of the phytoplankton production when phytoplankton biomass was experimentally increased in good light conditions by adding G. echinulata.Notes: 1971.4 refs. Records keyed from 1972 ASFA printed journals.EnglishJournal ArticleAuthor Address: Inst. Ekol. PAN, Dziekanow Lesny k. Warszawy,

Poland

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 282Author: Mikheyeva, T. M.; Kovalevskaya, R. Z.Year: 1969Title: The characteristics of a population of the planktonic blue-green alga Gloeotrichia echinulata (I. S. Smith) P. RichtJournal: Dokl. Akad. Nauk BSSRVolume: 13Issue: 12Pages: 1111-1113Original Publication: K kharakteristike populyatsii planktonnoy sine-zelenoy vodorosli Gloeotrichia echinulata (I. S. Smith) P. RichtAccession Number: 5521390Keywords: FreshwaterQ1 01461 Plankton; Q1 01221 GeneralAbstract: The degree of participation of the planktonic blue-green alga Gl. echinulata in the synthesis of organic compds in water reservoirs has been evaluated. The biomass of Gloeotrichia, its photosynthetic activity, chlorophyll content, assimilation number, calorie content and wet and dry weights were determined. The results show that the productivity of Gl. echinulata is significantly lower than that of the smaller lake plankters. Nevertheless, at the high biomass which might be formed by Gloeotrichia in the reservoirs its role becomes significant.Notes: 1969.11 refs. Records keyed from 1971 ASFA printed journals.RussianJournal ArticleAuthor Address: Byelorussian State Univ. Vtinsk USSR

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 283Author: Granetti, B.Year: 1969Title: Gloeotrichia pisum Thuret in Lake TrasimenoJournal: Riv. IdrobiolVolume: 8Issue: 1/2Pages: 3-15Original Publication: La Gloeotrichia pisum Thuret nel Lago TrasimenoAccession Number: 5500382Keywords: FreshwaterQ1 01204 Reproduction and development

Abstract: A vast G.pisum Thuret ex Born. et Flah. station which seems to have found excellent growth conditions in Lake Trasimeno has been recorded. The physical and chemical characteristics of the water drawn from an analysis carried out in the summer (highest growth period of the alga) are mentioned. Subsequently, the sp is described bringing out the biometric values of the heterocyst and spora and pointing out the deep morphologic alterations which the 1st vegetative cells, located behind the spora, undergo in the adult colonies. Finally, the annual growth cycle of the alga was described.Notes: 1969.0048-839924 refs. Records keyed from 1972 ASFA printed journals.ItalianJournal ArticleAuthor Address: Ist. Bot., Univ., Perugia, Italy

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 288Author: Zehnder, AlfonsYear: 1963Title: Culturing experiments with Gloeotrichia echinulataJournal: Schweizerische Zeitschrift fuer HydrologieVolume: 25Issue: 1Pages: 65-83Accession Number: AN 1964:47368Keywords: Gloeotrichia echinulata (culturing of)Abstract: The effects of different trace element mixts., addn. of soil ext., Fe sources, and medium pH on the growth of this blue-green alga are reported. Medium No. 11 (CA 55, 5660c) contg. 1-2 mg. chelated Fe/l. with a pH of 8-9 showed the optimal conditions The alga could apparently assimilate atm. N as a N source for growth. 26 refs. [on SciFinder (R)]Notes: CAN 60:4736862Microbial BiochemistryNatl. Res. Lab. Canada,OttawaJournal0036-7842language unavailable.

ALL REFS

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 111Author: Noges, T.; Tonno, I.; Laugaste, R.; Loigu, E.; Skakalski, B.Year: 2004Title: The impact of changes in nutrient loading on cyanobacterial dominance in Lake Peipsi (Estonia/Russia)Journal: Archiv fuer HydrobiologieVolume: 160Issue: 2Pages: 261-279Accession Number: AN 2004:662115Abstract: The influence of changes in nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) loadings in 1983-2001 on cyanobacterial development in Lake Peipsi (3.555 km2, mean depth 7.1 m) was studied. After the collapse of Soviet-type agriculture in the early 1990 s, total N loadings decreased sharply while the in-lake total P concn. increased, forming favorable conditions for harmful bloom-forming N2 fixing (N2fix) cyanobacteria. The av. percentage of the biomass of N2fix cyanobacteria in total phytoplankton biomass increased from 13 % in 1983-1991 to 29 % in 1992-2001. Gloeotrichia echinulata, a species capable of vertical migration and consequent transport of P from the lake bottom to the upper layers developed earlier in the season (June) at lower nutrient concns. than other cyanobacteria in L. Peipsi (Anabaena, Aphanizomenon, Microcystis). The fixation of N2 by G. echinulata as well as its ability to use sediment phosphorus could bring about the enrichment of the water column with nutrients. This enables the other N2fix species Anabaena and Aphanizomenon as well as Microcystis, which is not generally N2 fixing but requires high nutrient concns., to flourish. [on SciFinder (R)]Notes: 61WaterInstitute of Zoology and Botany,Estonian Agricultural University,Tartumaa,Estonia.Journal0003-9136written in English.

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 112Author: Laugaste, R.; Lessok, K.Year: 2004Title: Planktonic algae and epiphyton of the littoral in Lake Peipsi, Estonia

Journal: LimnologicaVolume: 34Issue: 1-2Pages: 90-97Date: MayAccession Number: ISI:000222030800012Keywords: littoral algae; epiphyton; Phragmites australis; Potamogeton perfoliatusphytoplankton; macrophytes; plantsAbstract: The littoral plankton of Lake Peipsi (3555 km(2), mean depth 7.1 m) was studied in summer 1980 and 2000-2002, and the epiphyton was studied on two dominating macrophytes, Phragmites australis (CAV.) TRIN. ex. STEUD. and Potamogeton perfoliatus L., in 2000. The purpose of the study was to estimate to what extent the littoral phytoplankton and epiphytic algae (their biomass, chlorophyll a content and dominant species) can be used as a criterion for the trophic state of the lake. In wind-open areas, phytoplankton biomass in the littoral is commonly more than ten times higher than in open water due to the presence of the macroscopic cyanobacterium Gloeotrichia echinulata (J.S. SMITH) P. RICHTER. This alga is abundant in the moderately eutrophic northern lake's part and rare in the strongly eutrophic southern part; hence also biomass in the southern part is considerably lower. In open water, phytoplankton biomass increases southward with increasing trophy. Algal biomass in the littoral depends on wind direction and can change completely in a few days. Epiphyton biomass and Chla content increased southward with increasing trophic state. They both revealed significant Spearman correlations (P < 0.05) with wind index and transparency (negative), and with abundance of the host plant, both reed and pondweed (positive). The phytoplankton biomass of the littoral of the large and shallow Lake Peipsi can not be used as a criterion of trophic state, however, the species composition of the dominants, particularly cyanobacteria, is well applicable for this purpose. The biomass and Chla content of the epiphyton can be used as a criterion for trophic state.Notes: Cited References: 1984, BALTIC MARINE BIOL P, V1 CATTANEO A, 1998, FRESHWATER BIOL, V39, P725 DAVYDOVA N, 1981, DONNYE OTLOZENIJA PS, P56 DAVYDOVA N, 1999, LAKE PEIPSI, P80 DEVYATKIN VG, 1979, FLORA RASTITEL NOST, V42, P78 FELDMANN T, 2000, KORGEMA VEETAIMESTIK JEFFREY SW, 1975, BIOCH PHYSL PFLANZEN, V167, P191 JENKERSON CG, 1986, INT REV GES HYDROBIO, V71, P557 JONES JI, 2002, J ECOL, V90, P12 KANGUR K, 2003, HYDROBIOLOGIA, V506, P265 KRIVENKO MS, 2000, 5 ALL RUSS C AQ PLAN, P44

KULLUS L, 1964, PEIPSI PIHKVA JARVE, P148 KUZKO OA, 2000, 5 ALL RUSS C AQ PLAN, P47 LAUGASTE R, 1976, ESTONIAN CONTRIB IBP, V10, P21 LAUGASTE R, 1996, HYDROBIOLOGIA, V338, P63 LAUGASTE R, 2001, LAKE PEIPSI, P31 LAUGASTE R, 2003, LAKE ECOSYSTEMS BIOL, P383 LIN HJ, 1996, AQUAT BOT, V52, P243 MAEMETS H, 2004, LIMNOLOGICA, V34, P83 METELEVA NY, 2000, 5 ALL RUSS C AQ PLAN, P54 MULLER U, 1995, FRESHWATER BIOL, V34, P69 SANDJENSEN K, 1990, FOLIA GEOBOT PHYTOTX, V25, P315 SHEVCHENKO TF, 1994, GIDROBIOL ZH, V30, P13 STARAST H, 2001, LAKE PEIPSI METEOROL, P97 STRAND JA, 1996, HYDROBIOLOGIA, V325, P113 SUDNICYNA DN, 1976, PRIRODA HOZJAJSTVENN, V1, P73EnglishURL: <Go to ISI>://000222030800012Author Address: Estonian Agr Univ, Inst Zool & Bot, Vortsjarv Limnol Stn, EE-61101 Tartumaa, Estonia.Laugaste, R, Estonian Agr Univ, Inst Zool & Bot, Vortsjarv Limnol Stn, EE-61101 Tartumaa, Estonia.reet@zbi.ee

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 114Author: Karlsson-Elfgren, I.; Brunberg, A. K.Year: 2004Title: The importance of shallow sediments in the recruitment of Anabaena and Aphanizomenon (Cyanophyceae)Journal: Journal of PhycologyVolume: 40Issue: 5Pages: 831-836Date: OctAccession Number: ISI:000224179100005Keywords: akinete; cyanobacteria; life cycle; migration; recruitmentblue-green-algae; cyanobacterium gloeotrichia-echinulata; phytoplanktoncommunity; planktonic cyanophyceae; gloetrichia-echinulata; seasonalperiodicity; akinete germination; eutrophic lake; flos-aquae; waterAbstract: Recruitment of Anabaena and Aphanizomenon from the sediments to the water column was investigated in shallow (1-2 m) and deep (6-7 m) areas of Lake Limmaren, central Sweden. Recruitment traps attached to the bottom were sampled weekly throughout the summer season (June through September). A comparison between the two sites shows that the largest part of the recruited cells originated

from the shallow site, although recruitment occurred at all depths in the lake. There were also differences between the species, regarding the site as well as the timing of the recruitment. The contribution of the inoculum to the pelagic population was calculated to vary between 0.003% and 0.05% for the different species. From these results we conclude that shallow sediments are more important than deep ones for the recruitment and that the inoculum in Lake Limmaren is small but may still be an important factor in the population dynamics.Notes: Cited References: ADAMS DG, 1999, NEW PHYTOL, V144, P3 BAKER PD, 1999, MAR FRESHWATER RES, V50, P265 BAKER PD, 2000, HYDROBIOLOGIA, V427, P65 BARBIERO RP, 1992, FRESHWATER BIOL, V27, P249 BARBIERO RP, 1994, J PLANKTON RES, V16, P1581 BLOMQVIST P, 2001, ENVIRON ECOL STAT, V8, P121 BRUNBERG AK, 1992, HYDROBIOLOGIA, V235, P375 BRUNBERG AK, 2003, J PHYCOL, V39, P58 CMIECH HA, 1984, BRIT PHYCOL J, V19, P245 CMIECH HA, 1984, BRIT PHYCOL J, V19, P259 FAY P, 1988, P ROY SOC LOND B BIO, V234, P283 FORSELL L, 1995, MAR FRESHWATER RES, V46, P287 FORSELL L, 1998, ERGEB LIMNOL, V51, P21 HANSSON LA, 1994, CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI, V51, P2825 HANSSON LA, 1995, J PHYCOL, V31, P540 HANSSON LA, 1996, LIMNOL OCEANOGR, V41, P1312 HEAD RM, 1998, VERHANDLUNGEN INT VE, V26, P1711 HEAD RM, 1999, FRESHWATER BIOL, V41, P759 ISTVANOVICS V, 1993, J PLANKTON RES, V15, P531 KARLSSON I, 1999, ALGOLOGICAL STUDIES, V94, P175 KARLSSON I, 2003, HYDROBIOLOGIA, V506, P189 KARLSSONELFGREN I, 2004, FRESHWATER BIOL, V49, P265 KOMAREK J, 1989, ARCH HYDROBIOLOGIE S, V82, P289 KREMP A, 2001, MAR ECOL-PROG SER, V216, P57 LIVINGSTONE D, 1980, BR PHYCOL J, V15, P357 LYNCH M, 1981, LIMNOL OCEANOGR, V26, P86 NICHOLS JM, 1982, BIOL CYANOBACTERIA, P387 PERAKIS SS, 1996, HYDROBIOLOGIA, V318, P165 PETTERSSON K, 1993, HYDROBIOLOGIA, V253, P123 REDDY PM, 1983, HYDROBIOLOGIA, V106, P235 REDDY PM, 1984, ARCH HYDROBIOL, V100, P261 REYNOLDS CS, 1972, FRESHWATER BIOL, V2, P87 RODHE W, 1965, MEM 1 IT IDR S, V18, P365 ROTHER JA, 1977, P ROY SOC LOND B BIO, V196, P317 TRIMBEE AM, 1984, J PLANKTON RES, V6, P897 TRIMBEE AM, 1988, VERH INT VER THEOR A, V23, P220 VANDOK W, 1997, J PHYCOL, V33, P12

WHITTON BA, 1987, SURVIVAL DORMANCY MI, P109 WILDMAN RB, 1975, J PHYCOL, V11, P96 WILLEN E, 1962, OIKOS, V13, P169EnglishURL: <Go to ISI>://000224179100005Author Address: Uppsala Univ, Dept Limnol, Evolutionary Biol Ctr, SE-75236 Uppsala, Sweden.Karlsson-Elfgren, I, Uppsala Univ, Dept Limnol, Evolutionary Biol Ctr, Norbyvagen 20, SE-75236 Uppsala, Sweden.irene.karlsson@ebc.uu.se

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 113Author: Karlsson-Elfgren, I.; Rengefors, K.; Gustafsson, S.Year: 2004Title: Factors regulating recruitment from the sediment to the water column in the bloom-forming cyanobacterium Gloeotrichia echinulataJournal: Freshwater BiologyVolume: 49Issue: 3Pages: 265-273Date: MarAccession Number: ISI:000188989600004Keywords: akinete; germination; Gloeotrichia echinulata; migration; recruitment;resting stagesblue-green-algae; planktonic cyanophyte; lake erken; populations;germination; phytoplankton; phosphorus; migration; dynamics; growthAbstract: 1. The influence of light, temperature, sediment mixing and sediment origin (water depth) on the recruitment of the cyanobacterium Gloeotrichia echinulata was examined in the laboratory. 2. Light and temperature were the most important factors initiating germination in G. echinulata. 3. The extent of germination (recruited biovolume) was mainly regulated by temperature and sediment mixing. Furthermore, sediment mixing significantly enhanced the frequency of observed heterocysts and colonies. 4. Despite the fact that the deep and shallow sediments contained a similar number of akinete colonies, the highest recruitment occurred from shallow sediments, indicating that akinetes from shallow sediments have a higher viability than those from deeper parts of the lake. 5. Our results support the hypothesis that shallow sediments are more important than profundal sediments for the recruitment of G. echinulata to the pelagic zone.Notes: Cited References: ANDERSON DM, 1982, LIMNOL OCEANOGR, V27, P757 BAKER PD, 1999, MAR FRESHWATER RES, V50, P265

BARBIERO RP, 1992, FRESHWATER BIOL, V27, P249 BARBIERO RP, 1993, ARCH HYDROBIOL, V127, P87 BARBIERO RP, 1994, J PLANKTON RES, V16, P1581 BINDER BJ, 1986, NATURE, V322, P659 BRAUNE W, 1979, ARCH MICROBIOL, V122, P289 BRUNBERG AK, 2003, J PHYCOL, V39, P58 FORSELL L, 1995, MAR FRESHWATER RES, V46, P287 FORSELL L, 1998, ERGEB LIMNOL, V51, P21 HAKANSON L, 1978, SCRIPTA LIMNOLOGICA, V14, P23 HANSSON LA, 1994, CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI, V51, P2825 HANSSON LA, 1996, P ROY SOC LOND B BIO, V263, P1241 HEAD RM, 1998, VERHANDLUNGEN INT VE, V26, P1711 HEAD RM, 1999, FRESHWATER BIOL, V41, P759 HILLEBRAND H, 1999, J PHYCOL, V35, P403 KEARNS CM, 1996, HYDROBIOLOGIA, V332, P63 KEZHI B, 1985, HYDROBIOLOGIA, V123, P89 KOMAREK J, 1989, ARCH HYDROBIOLOGIE S, V82, P289 KONOPKA A, 1978, APPL ENVIRON MICROB, V42, P102 KUMAGAI M, 1988, JPN J LIMNOL, V49, P185 LUND JWG, 1954, J ECOL, V42, P151 MARCUS NH, 1998, LIMNOL OCEANOGR, V43, P763 MCQUOID MR, 1995, J PHYCOL, V31, P44 NAUWERCK A, 1963, THESIS UPPSALA U UPP NICHOLS JM, 1982, BIOL CYANOBACTERIA, P387 PETTERSSON K, 1993, HYDROBIOLOGIA, V253, P123 RAI AN, 1985, J PLANT SCI RES, V1, P1 RENGEFORS K, 1998, J PHYCOL, V34, P568 REYNOLDS CS, 1972, FRESHWATER BIOL, V2, P87 ROBARTS RD, 1987, NEW ZEAL J MAR FRESH, V21, P391 ROELOFS TD, 1970, LIMNOL OCEANOGR, V15, P224 SANDBERG G, 1969, ARCH HYDROBIOLOGIE S, V35, P119 SCHINDLER DE, 2002, OIKOS, V98, P177 SKUJA H, 1948, SYMBOL BOT UPSAL, V9, P3 SODERBACK B, 1992, ANN ZOOL FENN, V29, P253 STAHLDELBANCO A, 2002, LIMNOL OCEANOGR, V47, P1836 TRIMBEE AM, 1984, J PLANKTON RES, V6, P897 VANDOK W, 1997, J PHYCOL, V33, P12 WESENBERGLUND C, 1904, DANSK FERSKVANDS BIO, V5 WEYHENMEYER G, 1999, SCRIPTA LIMNOLOGICA, V16, P51 WYMAN M, 1986, P ROY SOC LOND B BIO, V227, P381EnglishURL: <Go to ISI>://000188989600004Author Address: Uppsala Univ, Dept Limnol, Evolutionary Biol Ctr, S-75236 Uppsala, Sweden. Lund Univ, Dept Ecol, S-22362 Lund, Sweden.Karlsson-Elfgren, I, Uppsala Univ, Dept Limnol, Evolutionary Biol Ctr, Norbyvagen 22, S-75236 Uppsala, Sweden.

irene.karlsson@ebc.uu.se

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 115Author: Dorn, N. J.; Wojdak, J. M.Year: 2004Title: The role of omnivorous crayfish in littoral communitiesJournal: OecologiaVolume: 140Issue: 1Pages: 150-159Date: JunAccession Number: ISI:000221850300017Keywords: algae; Chara; omnivory; Orconectes virilis; pondfood webs; introduced crayfish; orconectes-rusticus;functional-significance; aquatic macrophytes; ecological impact;california newts; exotic crayfish; body size; fishAbstract: Large omnivorous predators may play particularly important roles determining the structure of communities because of their broad diets and simultaneous effects on multiple trophic levels. From June 2001 to June 2002 we quantified community structure and ecosystem attributes of six newly establishing freshwater ponds (660 m(2) each) after populations of omnivorous crayfish (Orconectes virilis) were introduced to three of the ponds. Crayfish preyed heavily on fish eggs in this experiment, which reduced recruitment of young-of-year fish. This effect indirectly enhanced zooplankton biomass in crayfish ponds. Phytoplankton abundance exhibited a more complex pattern and was probably influenced by non-trophic (e.g., bioturbation) effects of crayfish. Peak dissolved oxygen levels were lower in the crayfish ponds indicating that they had lower primary production: respiration ratios. Metaphytic algae were strongly affected by crayfish presence; filamentous greens quickly disappeared and the blue-green Gleotrichia (a less preferred food item) eventually dominated the composition in crayfish ponds. Chara vulgaris and vascular macrophytes established 34% cover in control ponds by June 2002, but were not able to establish in crayfish ponds. Two important periphyton herbivores (tadpoles and gastropods) were absent or significantly reduced in the crayfish ponds, but periphyton differences were temporally variable and not easily explained by a simple trophic cascade (i.e., crayfish-snails and tadpoles-periphyton). Our results indicate that crayfish can have dramatic direct and indirect impacts on littoral pond communities via feeding links with multiple trophic levels (i.e., fish, invertebrates, and plants) and non-trophic activities (bioturbation). Although the effects of omnivorous crayfish on littoral communities can be large, their complex effects do not fit neatly into current theories about trophic interactions or freshwater community structure.

Notes: Cited References: ABRAHAMSSON S, 1966, OIKOS, V17, P96 ANGELER DG, 2001, HYDROBIOLOGIA, V464, P89 AXELSSON E, 1997, AMPHIBIA-REPTILIA, V18, P217 BLACK RW, 1988, OECOLOGIA, V77, P468 BROOKS JL, 1965, SCIENCE, V150, P28 BUCK DH, 1970, B ILL NAT HIST SURV, V30, P69 BURNS CW, 1969, LIMNOL OCEANOGR, V14, P693 CARPENTER SR, 1993, TROPHIC CASCADE LAKE CHAMBERS PA, 1990, FRESHWATER BIOL, V24, P81 COLLINS NC, 1983, CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI, V40, P1820 COREY S, 1987, CRUSTACEANA, V52, P276 COVICH AP, 1999, BIOSCIENCE, V49, P119 CREED RP, 1994, ECOLOGY, V75, P2091 CROWL TA, 2001, ECOLOGY, V82, P775 DIEHL S, 1993, OIKOS, V68, P151 DORN NJ, 1999, VIE MILIEU, V49, P229 DUMONT HJ, 1975, OECOLOGIA, V19, P75 ESTES JA, 1978, ECOLOGY, V59, P822 FEMINELLA JW, 1989, HOLARCTIC ECOL, V12, P1 FLINT RW, 1975, LIMNOL OCEANOGR, V20, P935 GAMRADT SC, 1996, CONSERV BIOL, V10, P1155 GAMRADT SC, 1997, CONSERV BIOL, V11, P793 GEDDES P, 2003, OECOLOGIA, V136, P585 GUAN RZ, 1997, CONSERV BIOL, V11, P641 HOBBS HH, 1993, CONTRIB BIOL GEOL MI, V85, P1 HOWARTH RW, 2002, METHODS ECOSYSTEM SC, P72 KARLSSONELFGREN I, 2004, FRESHWATER BIOL, V49, P265 LEIBOLD MA, 1996, AM NAT, V147, P784 LODGE DM, 1987, CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI, V44, P591 LODGE DM, 1994, ECOLOGY, V75, P1265 LODGE DM, 1994, NORD J FRESHWATER RE, V69, P111 MAGNUSON JJ, 1975, P S WAT QUAL MAN BIO, P66 MATTHEWS M, 1992, HYDROBIOLOGIA, V234, P1 MCPEEK MA, 1990, ECOLOGY, V71, P83 MENGE BA, 1987, AM NAT, V130, P730 MITTELBACH GG, 1995, ECOLOGY, V76, P2347 MOMOT WT, 1977, J FISH RES BOARD CAN, V34, P2041 MOMOT WT, 1978, AM MIDL NAT, V99, P10 MOMOT WT, 1995, REV FISH SCI, V3, P33 NYSTROM P, 1996, FRESHWATER BIOL, V36, P631 NYSTROM P, 1996, FRESHWATER BIOL, V36, P673 NYSTROM P, 1999, CRAYFISH EUROPE ALIE, P63 NYSTROM P, 2000, OIKOS, V88, P181 NYSTROM P, 2001, ECOLOGY, V82, P1023 OLSEN TM, 1991, CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI, V48, P1853

PAINE RT, 1980, J ANIM ECOL, V49, P667 PERSSON L, 1999, OIKOS, V85, P385 PETERSON CH, 1989, OECOLOGIA, V80, P82 POLIS GA, 1996, AM NAT, V147, P813 POWER ME, 1992, ECOLOGY, V73, P1675 PRINGLE CM, 1998, ECOLOGY, V79, P269 SCHAUS MH, 2000, ECOLOGY, V81, P1701 STEIN RA, 1977, ECOLOGY, V58, P1237 STEIN RA, 1995, CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI, V52, P2518 STEINER CF, 2002, OECOLOGIA, V131, P549 STENROTH P, 2003, FRESHWATER BIOL, V48, P466 USIO N, 2002, OIKOS, V98, P512 VADAS RL, 1990, ENVIRON BIOL FISH, V27, P285 WELLBORN GA, 1996, ANNU REV ECOL SYST, V27, P337 WELSCHMEYER NA, 1994, LIMNOL OCEANOGR, V39, P1985EnglishURL: <Go to ISI>://000221850300017Author Address: Michigan State Univ, WK Kellogg Biol Stn, Hickory Corners, MI 49060 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Zool, Hickory Corners, MI 49060 USA.Dorn, NJ, Florida Int Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Univ Pk, Miami, FL 33199 USA.dornn@fiu.edu

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 116Author: Xie, L. Q.; Xie, P.; Tang, H. J.Year: 2003Title: Enhancement of dissolved phosphorus release from sediment to lake water by Microcystis blooms-an enclosure experiment in a hyper-eutrophic, subtropical Chinese lakeJournal: Environmental Pollution (Oxford, United Kingdom)Volume: 122Issue: 3Pages: 391-399Accession Number: AN 2003:48767Keywords: Lake sediments; Lake waters; Microcystis; Water pollution (enhancement of dissolved phosphorus release from sediment to lake water by Microcystis blooms in a hyper-eutrophic, subtropical Chinese lake)phosphorus release sediment lake water Microcystis bloom hyper eutrophicAbstract: To clarify the possible influence of Microcystis blooms on the exchange of phosphorus (P) between sediment and lake water, an enclosure expt. was conducted in the hypereutrophic subtropical Lake Donghu during July-Sept. 2000. Eight enclosures were used: six received sediment while two were sediment-free. In mid-August,

Microcystis blooms developed in all the enclosures. There was a persistent coincidence between the occurrence of Microcystis blooms and the increase of both total P (TP) and sol. reactive P (SRP) concns. in the water of the enclosures with sediments. In sediment-free enclosures, TP and SRP concns. remained rather stable throughout the expt., in spite of the appearance of Microcystis blooms. The results indicate that Microcystis blooms induced massive release of P from the sediment, perhaps mediated by high pH caused by intense algal photosynthesis, and/or depressed concns. of nitrate nitrogen (NO3-N). [on SciFinder (R)]Notes: CAN 139:10583861-2WaterInstitute of Hydrobiology, State Key Laboratory for Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology of China, Donghu Experimental Station of Lake Ecosystems,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Wuhan,Peop. Rep. China.Journal0269-7491written in English.7723-14-0 (Phosphorus) Role: BCP (Biochemical process), POL (Pollutant), BIOL (Biological study), OCCU (Occurrence), PROC (Process) (dissolved; enhancement of dissolved phosphorus release from sediment to lake water by Microcystis blooms in a hyper-eutrophic, subtropical Chinese lake)

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 117Author: Tonno, I.; Noges, T.Year: 2003Title: Nitrogen fixation in a large shallow lake: rates and initiation conditionsJournal: HydrobiologiaVolume: 490Issue: 1-3Pages: 23-30Date: JanAccession Number: ISI:000182463800003Keywords: cyanobacterial N-2-fixation; shallow lake; TN/TP ratio; PO4-Penrichment experimentsblue-green-algae; phytoplankton community structure; phosphorus supplyratios; marine ecosystems; fresh-water; n-p; cyanobacteria; limitation;bloom; nutrientsAbstract: The fixation of molecular nitrogen (N(2)fix) by cyanobacteria

in situ and in PO4-P enrichment experiments was investigated in large shallow Lake Vortsjarv in 1998-2000. In this lake, N(2)fix started when TN/TP mass ratio was about 20, which is much higher than Redfield mass ratio 7. The rate of N(2)fix varied between 0.81 and 2.61 mugN l(-1) d(-1) andmaximum rate (2.61 mugN l(-1) d(-1)) was measured in 15.08.2000. In L. Vortsjarv a lag period of a couple of weaks occurred between the set-up of favourable conditions for N(2)fix as the appearance of N-2-fixing species and depletion of mineral nitrogen, and the real N(2)fix itself. However, if the favorable conditions for N(2)fix occurred in the lake, N(2)fix started after enrichment with PO4-P in mesocosms even then when no N(2)fix was detected in the lake. N(2)fix in mesocosms was also more intensive than in lake water. In our experiments PO4-P concentrations higher than 100 mugP l(-1) started to inhibit N(2)fix.Notes: Cited References: BROCK TD, 1994, BIOL MICROORGANISMS, P617 BULGAKOV NG, 1999, ARCH HYDROBIOL, V146, P3 COLE GA, 1983, TXB LIMNOLOGY, P324 FLETT RJ, 1976, CAN J MICROBIOL, V22, P43 FLETT RJ, 1980, CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI, V37, P494 GOLTERMAN HL, 1975, PHYSL LIMNOLOGY, P99 GRANHALL U, 1971, LIMNOL OCEANOGR, V16, P711 GRASSHOFF K, 1983, METHODS SEAWATER ANA HABERMAN J, 1998, LIMNOLOGICA, V28, P3 HAMBRIGHT KD, 2001, J PLANKTON RES, V23, P165 HARRIS GP, 1986, PHYTOPLANKTON ECOLOG, P137 HELAL HA, 1991, VERH INT VER THEOR A, V24, P1508 HORNE AJ, 1972, LIMNOL OCEANOGR, V17, P693 HORNE AJ, 1979, LIMNOL OCEANOGR, V24, P316 HOWARTH RW, 1985, SCIENCE, V229, P653 HOWARTH RW, 1988, LIMNOL OCEANOGR 2, V33, P688 HOWARTH RW, 1988, LIMNOL OCEANOGR, V33, P669 HOWARTH RW, 1990, LIMNOL OCEANOGR, V35, P1859 HUDSON JJ, 2000, NATURE, V406, P54 HUTTULA T, 1998, PRESENT STATE FUTURE KARL DM, 2000, NATURE, V406, P31 KOSTYAEV VJ, 1986, BIOL EKOLOGIYA AZOTF LEPPANEN JM, 1988, SYMBIOSIS, V6, P181 LEVINE SN, 1992, LIMNOL OCEANOGR, V37, P917 LEVINE SN, 1999, CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI, V56, P451 MACKAY NA, 1998, LIMNOL OCEANOGR, V43, P347 MICHARD M, 1996, ARCH HYDROBIOL, V135, P337 NIEMI A, 1979, ACTA BOT FENN, V110, P57 NIXDORF B, 1997, HYDROBIOLOGIA, V342, P269 NOGES P, 1999, SUSTAINABLE LAKE MAN NOGES T, 1999, HYDROBIOLOGIA, V409, P277

PRESING M, 1996, ARCH HYDROBIOL, V136, P553 PRESING M, 1997, HYDROBIOLOGIA, V342, P55 SCHINDLER DW, 1977, SCIENCE, V195, P260 SEIP KL, 1994, AQUAT SCI, V56, P16 SMITH VH, 1983, SCIENCE, V221, P669 SMITH VH, 1985, WATER RESOUR BULL, V21, P433 SMITH VH, 1990, LAKE RESERV MANAGE, V6, P125 SMITH VH, 1995, ARCH HYDROBIOL S, V107, P71 SMITH VH, 1999, ARCH HYDROBIOL, V146, P37 STEWART AJ, 1967, CAN J OPHTHALMOL, V2, P58 TILMAN D, 1982, ANNU REV ECOL SYST, V13, P349 TOETZ D, 1987, WATER RESOUR BULL, V23, P239 UTERMOHL H, 1958, MITT INT VER LIMNOL, V9, P1EnglishURL: <Go to ISI>://000182463800003Author Address: Univ Tartu, Inst Zool & Hydrobiol, Estonian Agr Univ, Inst Zool & Bot,Vortsjarv Limnol Stn, EE-61101 Rannu, Tartu County, Estonia.Tonno, I, Univ Tartu, Inst Zool & Hydrobiol, Estonian Agr Univ, Inst Zool & Bot,Vortsjarv Limnol Stn, EE-61101 Rannu, Tartu County, Estonia.

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 118Author: Salmaso, N.Year: 2003Title: Life strategies, dominance patterns and mechanisms promoting species coexistence in phytoplankton communities along complex environmental gradientsJournal: HydrobiologiaVolume: 502Issue: 1-3Pages: 13-36Date: JulAccession Number: ISI:000186636900002Keywords: phytoplankton; ecological niches; community change rate; complexenvironmental gradients; multivariate analyses; deep lakeslake lake-garda; planktothrix rubescens; ceratium-hirundinella; aquaticsystems; algae; diversity; succession; diatoms; ecology; zurichAbstract: This paper analyses the life strategies, the dominance patterns and the diversity in phytoplankton communities in large and deep lakes. The study was carried out on the largest Italian Lake (Lake Garda) from 1995 to 2000. Different statistical analyses were applied. For phytoplankton the time variable represents a complex environmental gradient driving annual succession; this gradient was made explicit by the application of PCA analyses to the environmental

data. The use of Non Metric Multi Dimensional Scaling applied to Bray-Curtis dissimilarity matrices revealed an ordered and cyclic development of phytoplankton every year; the Bray-Curtis index, calculated between pairs of chronologically contiguous samples, was also used as a measure of the community change rate (beta(t)) over the temporal succession. A significant relationship between beta(t) and the complex environmental gradient was assessed. Finally, for every phytoplankton species, the optimum conditions for growth and the realised niches were determined. The positioning of the species on the complex environmental gradient, and the contemporaneous application of cluster analysis based on the different specific environmental optima, highlighted primarily the existence of two groups at the extreme of the complex environmental gradient. The first group included the large late winter/spring diatoms, which developed during high water turbulence and strong physical control, high nutrient concentrations, low light conditions and reduced competition. The second group was composed by many heterogeneous summer species characterised by the ability to contrast losses by grazing and sinking in stratified and stable conditions, and the ability of tolerating nutrient deficiency. A third group of species developed during environmental conditions in the middle of the two previous extremes. These included the three master species Mougeotia sp., Fragilaria crotonensis and Planktothrix rubescens/agardhii. The endogenous and exogenous mechanisms promoting species coexistence are discussed, along with the applicability of competitive and equilibrium/non-equilibrium theories to phytoplankton dynamics.Notes: Cited References: *APHA AWWA WEF, 1989, STAND METH EX WAT WA *IRSA, 1974, IRSA QUADERNI, V18 ANAGNOSTIDIS K, 1988, ARCH HYDROBIOL S, V80, P327 BEGON M, 1996, ECOLOGY INDIVIDUALS BLEIKER W, 1989, AQUAT SCI, V51, P47 BLOMQVIST P, 1994, ARCH HYDROBIOL, V132, P141 BONDARENKO NA, 1996, FRESHWATER BIOL, V35, P517 BRAY JR, 1957, ECOL MONOGR, V27, P325 BUZZI F, 2002, J LIMNOL, V61, P117 CHEN CTA, 1986, LIMNOL OCEANOGR, V31, P657 CONNELL JH, 1978, SCIENCE, V199, P1302 DECET F, 1997, ACQUA ARIA, V7, P91 DOKULIL MT, 2003, HYDROBIOLOGIA, V502, P65 FABBRO LD, 2000, HYDROBIOLOGIA, V438, P13 FIELD JG, 1982, MAR ECOL-PROG SER, V8, P37 GAUCH HG, 1982, MULTIVARIATE ANAL CO GRIME JP, 1977, AM NAT, V111, P1169 HARDIN G, 1960, SCIENCE, V131, P1292 HARRIS GP, 1983, PROGR PHYCOLOGICAL R, V2, P1

HUDSON JJ, 2000, NATURE, V406, P54 HUTCHINSON GE, 1961, AM NAT, V95, P137 HUTCHINSON GE, 1967, TREATISE LIMNOLOGY, V2, P1115 HYENSTRAND P, 1998, ERGEB LIMNOL, V51, P41 ISAKSSON A, 1998, ERGEB LIMNOL, V51, P63 JENSEN JP, 1994, CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI, V51, P1692 JONES RI, 2000, FRESHWATER BIOL, V45, P219 KARL DM, 2000, NATURE, V406, P31 KILHAM P, 1971, LIMNOL OCEANOGR, V16, P10 KREBS CJ, 2001, ECOLOGY KRUSKAL JB, 1978, MULTIDIMENSIONAL SCA LEPISTO L, 1999, MONOGR BOREAL ENV RE, V16 LEVIN SA, 1974, AM NAT, V108, P207 LORENZEN CJ, 1967, LIMNOL OCEANOGR, V12, P343 LUND JWG, 1958, HYDROBIOLOGIA, V11, P143 MACARTHUR RH, 1958, ECOLOGY, V39, P599 MAGURRAN AE, 1988, ECOLOGICAL DIVERSITY MCCOOK LJ, 1994, VEGETATIO, V110, P115 MICHELETTI S, 1998, NEW PHYTOL, V139, P233 MIYOSHI N, 1999, REV PALAEOBOT PALYNO, V104, P267 MORABITO G, 2002, J LIMNOL, V61, P129 MORABITO G, 2003, HYDROBIOLOGIA, V502, P37 NOVARINO G, 1994, CRYPTOGAMIE ALGOL, V15, P87 NYGAARD G, 1996, HYDROBIOLOGIA, V332, P71 NYGAARD K, 1993, LIMNOL OCEANOGR, V38, P273 PADISAK J, 1994, NEW ZEAL J ECOL, V18, P169 PADISAK J, 2003, HYDROBIOLOGIA, V500, P243 PEREZMARTINEZ C, 2001, HYDROBIOLOGIA, V452, P101 PEREZMARTINEZ C, 2002, J PLANKTON RES, V24, P89 PIMM SL, 1984, NATURE, V307, P321 PORTER KG, 1973, NATURE, V244, P179 REYNOLDS CS, 1984, ECOLOGY FRESHWATER P REYNOLDS CS, 1988, GROWTH REPROD STRATE, P388 REYNOLDS CS, 1993, HYDROBIOLOGIA, V249, P183 REYNOLDS CS, 1996, LIMNOL VERH, V26, P97 REYNOLDS CS, 1997, VEGETATION PROCESSES REYNOLDS CS, 1998, HYDROBIOLOGIA, V369, P11 ROTHHAUPT KO, 1996, ECOLOGY, V77, P716 SALMASO N, 1996, HYDROBIOLOGIA, V337, P49 SALMASO N, 1997, INT REV GES HYDROBIO, V82, P15 SALMASO N, 1998, ARCH HYDROBIOL, V142, P385 SALMASO N, 1999, J LIMNOL, V58, P66 SALMASO N, 2000, HYDROBIOLOGIA, V438, P43 SALMASO N, 2001, ATTI ASS ITAL OCEANO, V14, P109 SALMASO N, 2002, J LIMNOL, V61, P95 SOMMER U, 1987, PROG PHYCOL RES, V5, P123

SOMMER U, 1988, GROWTH REPROD STRATE, P227 SOMMER U, 1993, HYDROBIOLOGIA, V249, P1 STEINBERG CEW, 1993, ECOL STU AN, V99, P43 TERBRAAK CJF, 1989, HYDROBIOLOGIA, V178, P209 TILMAN D, 1976, J PHYCOL, V12, P375 TILMAN D, 1977, ECOLOGY, V58, P338 TILMAN D, 1986, ARCH HYDROBIOL, V106, P473 URABE J, 2000, LIMNOL OCEANOGR, V45, P1558 WALSBY AE, 1998, J PLANKTON RES, V20, P1357 WHITTAKER RH, 1956, ECOL MONOGR, V26, P1 WHITTAKER RH, 1972, TAXON, V21, P213 WILKINSON L, 1990, SYGRAPH SYSTEM GRAPH WILSON EO, 1992, DIVERSITY LIFE WOOD DM, 1987, ECOLOGY, V68, P780EnglishURL: <Go to ISI>://000186636900002Author Address: Univ Padua, Dipartimento Biol, I-35131 Padua, Italy.Salmaso, N, Univ Padua, Dipartimento Biol, Via U Bassi 58-B, I-35131 Padua, Italy.

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 119Author: Ojala, A.; Kokkonen, S.; Kairesalo, T.Year: 2003Title: The role of phosphorus in growth of phytoplankton in Lake Vesijarvi, southern Finland - a multitechnique approachJournal: Aquatic SciencesVolume: 65Issue: 3Pages: 287-296Accession Number: ISI:000185741300011Keywords: phosphorus; nutrient limitation; [P-33]; elemental ratios; cyanobacteriafresh-water; nutrient limitation; nitrogen-fixation; phosphate; carbon;algae; bacterioplankton; communities; temperature; irradianceAbstract: The role of phosphorus in phytoplankton growth was studied in Lake Vesijarvi, a large previously eutrophic body of water with a history of flourishing fishery. The study combined different approaches: long-term algal enrichment experiments with natural phytoplankton assemblages were carried out together with observations on nutrient and chlorophyll a concentrations, elemental ratios (N: P, C: P C: N) of particulate matter, and analysis of P uptake using [P-33]. None of the approaches revealed periods of P limitation, but some growth experiments as well as elemental ratios indicated slight deficiency in early summer. Concentrations of total dissolved phosphorus (TDP), which were usually 20-30 mug l(-1), also indicated luxurious P

resources. Thermal stratification was weak and the lake mixed twice during the study period; this was reflected in the phytoplankton biomass that increased up to 4-fold. Results of elemental ratios usually suggested the occurrence of nitrogen limitation, and in general these ratios were low for a lake. All size fractions >0.22 mum in the experiments with [P-33] showed P uptake. In August most of the P was taken up by picoplankton, but when the lake turned over in September, the uptake of P by this fraction was absent. Thus, there was always a plentiful supply of P for phytoplankton, but the shortage of inorganic N may have affected those algae not capable of fixing N, These conditions should have favoured the growth of heterocystous cyanobacteria, but these prokaryotes never attained high abundances. This may have been due to the weak stability of the water column, or the growth of cyanobacteria may have been limited by trace elements such as molybdenum or iron.Notes: Cited References: BEARDALL J, 2001, AQUAT SCI, V63, P44 COCHLAN WP, 1991, J PHYCOL, V27, P673 COTNER JB, 1992, LIMNOL OCEANOGR, V37, P232 CURRIE DJ, 1984, LIMNOL OCEANOGR, V29, P311 ELSER JJ, 1990, CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI, V47, P1468 GEIDER RJ, 1998, EUR J PHYCOL, V33, P315 GOLDMAN CR, 1978, MITT INT VER LIMNOL, V21, P364 GRONLUND L, 1996, HYDROBIOLOGIA, V331, P97 HEALEY FP, 1980, CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI, V37, P442 HECKY RE, 1988, LIMNOL OCEANOGR, V33, P796 HECKY RE, 1993, LIMNOL OCEANOGR, V38, P709 HORPPILA J, 1998, RESTOR ECOL, V6, P20 HOWARTH RW, 1988, LIMNOL OCEANOGR 2, V33, P688 HUDSON JJ, 2000, NATURE, V406, P54 JANSSON M, 1988, HYDROBIOLOGIA, V170, P177 KAIRESALO T, 1999, HYDROBIOLOGIA, V395, P99 KANNINEN J, 1982, HYDROBIOLOGIA, V86, P81 KARL DM, 2000, NATURE, V406, P31 KETO J, 1982, HYDROBIOLOGIA, V86, P195 KETO J, 1988, AQUA FENNICA, V18, P193 KETO J, 1992, HYDROBIOLOGIA, V243, P303 KETO J, 2000, BOREAL ENVIRON RES, V5, P15 KOROLEFF F, 1979, MERI, V7, P1 KUKKONEN S, 1997, PROC INT ASSOC THE 2, V26, P502 LABRY C, 2002, J PLANKTON RES, V24, P97 LAZERTE B, 1981, CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI, V38, P524 MORRIS DP, 1988, FRESHWATER BIOL, V20, P315 MURPHY J, 1962, ANAL CHIM ACTA, V27, P31 NICHOLLS KH, 1978, INT REV GES HYDROBIO, V63, P141 OJALA A, 1993, J PHYCOL, V29, P278

PICKLES AR, 1987, REG STUD, V21, P425 RAI H, 1990, ARCH HYDROBIOL, V118, P421 REDFIELD AC, 1958, AM SCIENTIST, V46, P205 REYNOLDS CS, 1984, ECOLOGY FRESHWATER P RICHARDSON K, 1983, NEW PHYTOL, V93, P157 ROTHHAUPT KO, 1992, LIMNOL OCEANOGR, V37, P739 SALONEN K, 1979, LIMNOL OCEANOGR, V24, P177 SCHAEFFER M, 1997, ECOLOGY, V78, P272 SCHINDLER DW, 1977, SCIENCE, V195, P260 SCHINDLER DW, 1978, LIMNOL OCEANOGR, V23, P478 SMITH VH, 1982, LIMNOL OCEANOGR, V27, P1101 SUTTLE CA, 1990, LIMNOL OCEANOGR, V35, P424 TRIMBEE AM, 1987, CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI, V44, P1337 TYRRELL T, 1999, NATURE, V400, P525 UTERMOHL H, 1958, MITT INT VER LIMNOL, V9, P1 WATSON SB, 1997, LIMNOL OCEANOGR, V42, P487 WETZEL RG, 1979, LIMNOLOGICAL ANAL WHITE E, 1989, ARCH HYDROBIOL BEIH, V32, P165 WOOD ED, 1967, J MAR BIOL ASSOC UK, V47, P23 WURTSBAUGH WA, 1983, CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI, V40, P1419EnglishURL: <Go to ISI>://000185741300011Author Address: Univ Helsinki, Dept Ecol & Environm Sci, FIN-15140 Lahti, Finland.Ojala, A, Univ Helsinki, Dept Ecol & Environm Sci, Niemenkatu 73, FIN-15140 Lahti, Finland.

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 120Author: Mazur, Hanna; Lewandowska, Justyna; Blaszczyka, Agata; Kot, Agata; Plinski, MarcinYear: 2003Title: Cyanobacterial toxins in fresh and brackish waters of Pomorskie Province (northern Poland)Journal: Oceanological and Hydrobiological StudiesVolume: 32Issue: 1Pages: 15-26Accession Number: AN 2003:758215Keywords: Algal bloom (cyanobacteria; cyanobacterial toxins pollution of and HPLC with diode array detector detn. in freshwater and brackish water ponds of and coastal seawater off Pomorskie Province, Poland); Anabaena circinalis; Anabaena flos-aquae; Anabaena planctonica; Anabaena spiroides; Aphanizomenon flos-aquae; Cyanobacteria; Gloeotrichia echinulata; Microcystis aeruginosa; Microcystis flos-aquae; Microcystis wesenbergii; Nodularia spumigena; Oscillatoria;

Phormidium (cyanobacterial toxins pollution of and HPLC with diode array detector detn. in freshwater and brackish water ponds of and coastal seawater off Pomorskie Province, Poland); Water pollution (freshwater and brackish water ponds and seawater; cyanobacterial toxins pollution of and HPLC with diode array detector detn. in freshwater and brackish water ponds of and coastal seawater off Pomorskie Province, Poland)cyanobacteria toxin pollution freshwater brackish pond Pomorskie Province Poland; toxin cyanobacteria bloom freshwater brackish pond pollution Poland; HPLC diode array detector detn cyanobacteria toxin pond waterAbstract: Hepatotoxic cyclic peptides and neurotoxic alkaloids are the most common groups of cyanobacterial toxins. They pose a serious threat to human and animal health, each year being responsible for several cases of animal fatalities (mammals, fish, birds). In Polish water bodies, toxic cyanobacterial blooms are frequently obsd. In this work, a procedure for anatoxin-a anal. was modified to obtain a sensitive, selective method for routine studies of bloom samples. The presence of cyanobacterial neuro- and hepatotoxins in freshwater and brackish water of Pomorskie Province was examd. Hepatotoxins, microcystins or nodularin, were detected in all phytoplankton samples dominated by the cyanobacteria, Microcystis and Anabaena genera or by Nodularia spumigena. HPLC-diode array detector anal. showed the presence of anatoxin-a in only 1 sample collected in coastal water of the Gulf of Gdansk dominated by Anabaena. [on SciFinder (R)]Notes: CAN 140:6437861-2WaterInstitute of Oceanography,University of Gdansk,Gdynia,Pol.Journal1730-413Xwritten in English.64285-06-9 (Anatoxin a); 77238-39-2 (Microcystin); 101043-37-2 (Microcystin-LR); 111755-37-4 (Microcystin-RR) Role: BCP (Biochemical process), FMU (Formation, unclassified), OCU (Occurrence, unclassified), POL (Pollutant), BIOL (Biological study), FORM (Formation, nonpreparative), OCCU (Occurrence), PROC (Process) (cyanobacterial toxins pollution of and HPLC with diode array detector detn. in freshwater and brackish water ponds of and coastal seawater off Pomorskie Province, Poland); 29270-56-2 (4-Fluoro-7-nitro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole) Role: ARG (Analytical reagent use), ANST (Analytical study), USES (Uses) (derivatization agent; cyanobacterial toxins pollution of and HPLC with diode array detector detn. in freshwater and brackish water ponds of and coastal seawater off Pomorskie Province, Poland)

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 121Author: Karlsson-Elfgren, I.; Rydin, E.; Hyenstrand, P.; Pettersson, K.Year: 2003Title: Recruitment and pelagic growth of Gloeotrichia echinulata (Cyanophyceae) in Lake ErkenJournal: Journal of PhycologyVolume: 39Issue: 6Pages: 1050-1056Date: DecAccession Number: ISI:000186750700004Keywords: akinete; Gloeotrichia echinulata; life cycle; migration; model;recruitmentplanktonic cyanophyte; algal recruitment; life strategy;cyanobacterium; water; phytoplankton; populations; additions;migration; sedimentAbstract: Different parameters in the life cycle of the colony forming cyanobacterium Gloeotrichia echinulata (J.E. Smith) Richter was evaluated in Lake Erken, Sweden. Recruitment of colonies from the sediments and pelagic abundance were measured during 2 years. These data were then used in a model to evaluate and estimate parameters of the life cycle. In our study, recruitment alone only contributed to a small part (<5%) of the maximum G. echinulata abundance that occurred during late summer. However, recruitment from shallow sediments forms the important seed for the pelagic population. Together with measured rates of migration from the sediment, variations in either pelagic colony division rate or pelagic residence time could explain variations in the measured abundance of G. echinulata in situ.Notes: Cited References: AHLKRONA M, 2000, SCRIPTA LIMNOL UPS B, V16, P1 BARBIERO RP, 1992, FRESHWATER BIOL, V27, P249 BARBIERO RP, 1993, ARCH HYDROBIOL, V127, P87 BLOMQVIST P, 2001, ENVIRON ECOL STAT, V8, P121 BRUNBERG AK, 2003, J PHYCOL, V39, P58 CHANG TP, 1983, ARCH HYDROBIOL, V97, P320 CMIECH HA, 1984, BRIT PHYCOL J, V19, P259 FERLAND C, 1997, STELLA SOFTWARE TECH FORSELL L, 1993, SCRIPTA LIMNOL UPS B, V7, P105 FORSELL L, 1995, MAR FRESHWATER RES, V46, P287 FORSELL L, 1998, ERGEB LIMNOL, V51, P21 HAKANSSON L, 1978, SCRIPTA LIMNOL UPSAL, V8, P1 HANSSON LA, 1994, CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI, V51, P2825

HANSSON LA, 1995, J PHYCOL, V31, P540 HEAD RM, 1998, VERHANDLUNGEN INT VE, V26, P1711 HEAD RM, 1999, FRESHWATER BIOL, V41, P759 HYENSTRAND P, 2000, J PLANKTON RES, V22, P1113 HYENSTRAND P, 2001, FRESHWATER BIOL, V46, P735 ISTVANOVICS V, 1993, J PLANKTON RES, V15, P531 KOMAREK J, 1989, ARCH HYDROBIOLOGIE S, V82, P289 NAUWERCK A, 1963, THESIS UPPSALA U SWE REYNOLDS CS, 1972, FRESHWATER BIOL, V2, P87 REYNOLDS CS, 1981, PHILOS T ROY SOC B, V293, P419 RODHE W, 1948, THESIS UPPSALA U SWE RODHE W, 1958, PERSPECTIVES MARINE, P299 ROELOFS TD, 1970, LIMNOL OCEANOGR, V15, P224 SKUJA HL, 1948, SYMBOLICA BOT UPSALI, V3, P1 TRIMBEE AM, 1984, J PLANKTON RES, V6, P897 TYMOWSKI RG, 2000, ARCH HYDROBIOL, V148, P321 WEYHENMEYER G, 1999, SCR LIMNOL UPSALIE B, V16, P1EnglishURL: <Go to ISI>://000186750700004Author Address: Uppsala Univ, Dept Limnol, Evolutionary Biol Ctr, SE-75236 Uppsala, Sweden. Erken Lab, SE-76173 Norrtalje, Sweden.Karlsson-Elfgren, I, Uppsala Univ, Dept Limnol, Evolutionary Biol Ctr, Norbyvagen 20, SE-75236 Uppsala, Sweden.

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 122Author: Karlsson, I.Year: 2003Title: Benthic growth of Gloeotrichia echinulata CyanobacteriaJournal: HydrobiologiaVolume: 506Issue: 1-3Pages: 189-193Date: Nov 15Accession Number: ISI:000188455600025Keywords: recruitment; benthic growth; migration; akinete; germinationgloetrichia-echinulata; planktonic cyanophyte; lake erken; phosphorusAbstract: Gloeotrichia echinulata is an akinete forming cyanobacterium with both a pelagic and a benthic phase. After germination of the akinete there is a short phase of growth on the sediment before the filaments develop gas vacuoles and migrate up into the water. It has been indicated that during the time of growth on the sediment surface the germlings take up nutrients. Those nutrients would be used during the pelagic phase as the pelagic colonies do not have a very efficient nutrient uptake. To test the length of the initial

growth period 'akinete colonies' were picked out of sediment samples from Lake Erken, Sweden, and placed on a thin layer of sediment in wellplates (Nunclon multidish, 48 wells) in an incubator with 17degreesC and a light:dark cycle of 16:8 h. The plates were then studied under a stereo microscope and pictures were taken one or two times per day for 20 days. Germination occurred in one third of the wells and the growth was recorded. The germlings formed bundles on the surface of the old akinete colony during the experiment. Several bundles were found on the same akinete colony. In the migration traps colonies and filament bundles were found. The morphology of filament bundles found in the migration traps was similar to the filament bundles found in the germination experiment which had reached a stage of development where they would soon be considered colonies.Notes: Cited References: BARBIERO RP, 1992, FRESHWATER BIOL, V27, P249 BARBIERO RP, 1993, ARCH HYDROBIOL, V127, P87 CHANG TP, 1979, BRIT PHYCOL J, V14, P207 FORSELL L, 1995, MAR FRESHWATER RES, V46, P287 ISTVANOVICS V, 1993, J PLANKTON RES, V15, P531 KARLSSON I, 1999, ALGOLOGICAL STUDIES, V94, P175 KOMAREK J, 1989, ARCH HYDROBIOLOGIE S, V82, P289 PETTERSSON K, 1993, HYDROBIOLOGIA, V253, P123 RODHE W, 1948, ENV REQUIREMENTS FRE ROELOFS TD, 1970, LIMNOL OCEANOGR, V15, P224 WESENBERGLUND C, 2004, STUDIER DANSKE SOERS, V1 WEYHENMEYER G, 1999, SCRIPTA LIMNOLOGIC B, V16EnglishURL: <Go to ISI>://000188455600025Author Address: Uppsala Univ, Limnol Dept, S-75236 Uppsala, Sweden.Karlsson, I, Uppsala Univ, Limnol Dept, Norbyvagen 20, S-75236 Uppsala, Sweden.Irene.Karlsson@bc.uu.se

Reference Type: BookRecord Number: 123Author: Kangur, K.; Mols, T.; Haldna, M.; Kangur, A.; Kangur, P.; Laugaste, R.; Milius, A.; Tanner, R.Year: 2003Title: Lake Peipsi: common dynamics of biota, nutrients and water level and risk of critical situationsSeries Editor: Frey, T.City: TartuPublisher: IM SaareOriginal Publication: Peipsi elustiku, biogeenide ja veetaseme uhisdunaamika ning kriitiliste olukordade risk

Accession Number: 5785264Keywords: Biota; Nutrients (mineral); Water levels; Lake dynamics; Risks;EstoniaFreshwaterQ5 01521 Mechanical and natural changesAbstract: The study is based on a large hydrochemical and hydrobiological database of the shallow non-stratified Lake Peipsi, Estonia (3550 km super(2), mean depth 7.1. m) covering the period of significant decrease of external nutrient loading since the second half of 1980s. The effects and interactions of nutrient level, natural interannual water level fluctuations, and biota are estimated with advanced statistical methods. Along with clear changes in biota, certain resilience effects will be demonstrated. In Lake Peipsi, strong and long-lasting algal blooms were observed in recent years. In phytoplankton groups that demand less nutrients, as cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) have become more dominating. In the hot and dry summer 2002, blooming of cyanobacteria Gloeotrichia echinulata started in L. Peipsi s.s. in early June. Strong cyanobacterial bloom led to fish-kill in the lake, which was induced by synergistic effect of several unfavourable conditions: high temperature, low water level, great spatial and temporal variations in oxygen (saturation 25%-165%) and ammonium ion (up to 0.33 mg N 1 super(-1) content as well as in pH (7.7-9.5).Notes: Estonian Counc. of Ecology, Tartu (Estonia); Estonian Agricultural Univ., Tartu (Estonia); Estonian Minist. of Environment, Tallinn (Estonia); Tartu Univ. (Estonia), Cent. of Excellence in Basic and Applied Ecology9. Estonian Conf. in Ecology, Tartu (Estonia), 11-12 Apr 2003Problems of contemporary ecology. Estonian ecology in the globalising world. 9. Short communications of Estonian ninth Conference in Ecology, 11-12 April 2003, Tartu, Estonia. Kaasaegse okoloogia probleemid. Eesti okoloogia globaliseeruvas maailmas. 9. Eesti Okoloogiakonverentsi luhiartiklid, 11.-12. aprill 2003, Tartu. pp. 73-83. 2003.Physical medium: Printed matterEstonianBook Monograph; Conference

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 124Author: Grace, M. R.; Jakob, T.; Donnert, D.; Beckett, R.Year: 2003Title: Effect of an alternating oxic/anoxic regime on a (freshwater) Yarra River sediment

Journal: Australian Journal of ChemistryVolume: 56Issue: 9Pages: 923-932Accession Number: ISI:000184615900012Keywords: bicarbonate solutions; hematite dissolution; mineral dissolution;phosphate concentrations; suspended particles; phosphorus; exchange;release; lake; kineticsAbstract: The uptake and release of phosphorus, nitrogen, iron, and manganese from Yarra River sediments have been examined using laboratory reactors. Both slurried and static sediments were exposed to an alternating regime of oxic and anoxic conditions. Experiments examined the effect of changing the oxygen status on daily and weekly time frames. In all experiments, after anoxiawas re-established, oxidant consumption followed the expected thermodynamic order: O-2 > Mn-IV approximate to NOx > Fe-III. Contrary to predictions based on the standard iron - phosphorus model, significant phosphorus release was observed under oxic conditions. This was attributed to the mineralization of organic matter. Nitrate was shown to minimize phosphorus release from anoxic sediments by 'redox buffering' which prevented iron(III) reduction. The high ambient water column nitrate concentration ( 40 - 45 muM) in the Yarra River should effectively limit phosphorus release from the sediments unless long term (multiweek) anoxia occurs. Reduction of nitrate concentration occurred predominantly via denitrification. This work clearly demonstrated that on a time scale of hours to weeks, the iron, manganese, nitrogen, and phosphorus cycles are interacting closely.Notes: Cited References: *AUSTR BUR STAT, 1996, AUSTR CENS BALDWIN DS, 1996, LIMNOL OCEANOGR, V41, P1725 BALDWIN DS, 1998, WATER RES, V32, P2265 BATES MH, 1980, WATER RES, V14, P1477 BECKETT R, 1990, COLLOID SURFACE, V44, P35 BLOMQVIST S, 1990, HYDROBIOLOGIA, V206, P245 BONIN P, 1998, HYDROBIOLOGIA, V389, P169 BOON PI, 1996, MAR FRESHWATER RES, V47, P27 BOSTROM B, 1982, ARCH HYDROBIOL BEIH, V18, P5 BOSTROM B, 1988, HYDROBIOLOGIA, V170, P229 BOWLING LC, 1996, MAR FRESHWATER RES, V47, P643 BREEN PF, UNPUB BRUNO J, 1992, GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC, V56, P1139 BRUNO J, 2000, GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC, V64, P2173 BUFFLE J, 1989, GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC, V53, P399 CARACO NF, 1991, VERH INT VEREIN LIMN, V24, P2985

CAULKETT AP, 1996, HYDROBIOLOGIA, V330, P177 CLESCERI LS, 1998, STANDARD METHODS EXA DAVISON W, 1993, EARTH-SCI REV, V34, P119 DEMONTIGNY C, 1993, HYDROBIOLOGIA, V253, P141 FOX LE, 1989, GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC, V53, P417 FOX LE, 1991, GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC, V55, P1529 GACHTER R, 1993, HYDROBIOLOGIA, V253, P103 GERRITSEN J, 1987, LIMNOL OCEANOGR, V32, P1049 GOLTERMAN HL, 1985, HYDROBIOLOGIA, V126, P25 GOLTERMAN HL, 1995, HYDROBIOLOGIA, V297, P43 GOMEZ E, 1999, WATER RES, V33, P2437 GRACE MR, 1997, COLLOID SURFACE A, V120, P123 GUNNARS A, 1997, BIOGEOCHEMISTRY, V37, P203 GUNNARS A, 2002, GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC, V66, P745 HARRIS G, 1996, PORT PHILLIP BAY ENV HARRIS GP, 1999, MAR FRESHWATER RES, V50, P791 HUDSON JJ, 2000, NATURE, V406, P54 HUMMEL W, 2000, GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC, V64, P2167 KAMPNIELSEN L, 1974, ARCH HYDROBIOL, V73, P218 LEE GF, 1976, INTERACTIONS SEDIMEN LIND CJ, 1987, CHEM QUALITY WATER H LORENZ J, 1999, VOM WASSER, V92, P103 LUTHER GW, 1997, GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC, V61, P4043 MAHER WA, 1994, CHEM GEOL, V112, P91 MAYER T, 1999, WATER RES, V33, P1460 MORRIS AW, 1979, NATURE, V279, P318 PRAIRIE YT, 2001, VERH INT VEREIN LIMN, V27, P4013 REBROV EV, 2002, CHEM ENG J, V90, P61 ROY R, 1994, APPL ENVIRON MICROB, V60, P3307 RYDIN E, 2000, WATER RES, V34, P2037 SLOMP CP, 1998, LIMNOL OCEANOGR, V43, P832 SMITH VH, 1999, ENVIRON POLLUT, V100, P179 STUMM W, 1996, AQUATIC CHEM THEIS TL, 1978, WATER RES, V12, P677 VANBERKEL J, 1997, J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T, V20, P2647 VANBERKEL J, 1998, THESIS MONASH U MELB VANCAPPELLEN P, 1996, AM J SCI, V296, P197 VANRAAPHORST W, 1994, MAR CHEM, V48, P1 WAARA T, 1993, HYDROBIOLOGIA, V253, P131 WHITTON BA, 2000, ECOLOGY CYANOBACTERI ZHANG JH, 2002, GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC, V66, P773EnglishURL: <Go to ISI>://000184615900012Author Address: Monash Univ, Water Studies Ctr, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia. Monash Univ, Sch Chem, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia. Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, ITC WGT, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany.

Grace, MR, Monash Univ, Water Studies Ctr, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia.

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 125Author: Falkner, R.; Falkner, G.Year: 2003Title: Distinct adaptivity during phosphate uptake by the cyanobacterium Anabaena variabilis reflects information processing about preceding phosphate supplyJournal: Journal of Trace and Microprobe TechniquesVolume: 21Issue: 2Pages: 363-375Accession Number: ISI:000183378600014Keywords: adaptive behavior; Anabaena variabilis; cyanobacteria; informationstorage; epigenetic inheritance; phosphate uptake systemanacystis-nidulans; uptake behavior; system; lakes; plantAbstract: Using a phosphate deficient population of the cyanobacterium Anabaena variabilis Kutzing the adaptation of the phosphate uptake system to pulsewise increases in the external phosphate concentration has been studied. The following observations have been made: 1. For an adaptation to occur, the external concentration had to be raised to micromolar levels. No adaptation was observed in the nanomolar concentration range. 2. During adaptation the uptake system was transformed within a few minutes from a more active into a less active state in which uptake behavior obeyed a linear flow-force relationship over a wide concentration range. 3. Novel adaptations were influenced in a distinct way by the outcome of previous adaptations. In consequence, adaptive alterations in kinetic and energetic properties of the phosphate uptake system, revealed during pulsewise-increases in the external phosphate concentration, depend on the pattern of previous phosphate fluctuations to which the population had been exposed. This succession of adaptive events is interpreted as a primitive form of information processing about the mode of phosphate. supply, performed by the glowing cells. 4. Information about nutrient.. fluctuations experienced by the cells of a population was transferred after cell division to daughter cells. This was shown by exposing two reference cultures, originating from the same. batch of phosphate deficient cyanobacteria, to the same amount of phosphate in two different supply modes. During subsequent growth these two cultures developed distinct adaptive potentials, which were maintained over several generations, even if they were further cultivated under identical conditions. This distinct adaptive potential affected significantly the phosphate storage capacity of daughter cells.

Notes: Cited References: AUBRIOT L, 2000, EUR J PHYCOL, V35, P255 COHN M, 1959, J BACTERIOL, V78, P601 COHN M, 1959, J BACTERIOL, V78, P613 DESBIEZ MO, 1991, PLANTA, V184, P397 DESBIEZ MO, 1998, CR ACAD SCI III-VIE, V321, P403 FALKNER G, 1989, ARCH MICROBIOL, V152, P353 FALKNER G, 1993, CR ACAD SCI III-VIE, V316, P784 FALKNER G, 1994, CR ACAD SCI III-VIE, V317, P535 FALKNER G, 1995, J PHYCOL, V31, P745 FALKNER G, 1996, ACTA BIOTHEOR, V44, P283 GUESPINMICHEL J, 2001, ACTA BIOTHEOR, V49, P207 HUDSON JJ, 2000, NATURE, V406, P54 KULAEV IS, 1983, ADV MICROB PHYSIOL, V24, P83 MACKINNEY G, 1941, J BIOL CHEM, V140, P315 NOVICK A, 1957, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V43, P553 ROSEN R, 1985, ANTICIPATORY SYSTEMS STUCKI JW, 1983, BIOPHYS CHEM, V18, P101 TANAKA T, 2001, J TRACE MICROPROBE T, V19, P591 THELLIER M, 1970, ANN BOT, V34, P983 THELLIER M, 2000, CR ACAD SCI III-VIE, V323, P81 THOMPSON PM, 2001, CEREB CORTEX, V11, P1 WAGNER F, 1995, PLANTA, V197, P147 WAGNER F, 2000, EUR J PHYCOL, V35, P243EnglishURL: <Go to ISI>://000183378600014Author Address: Austrian Acad Sci, Inst Limnol, A-5310 Mondsee, Austria. Salzburg Univ, Inst Plant Physiol, A-5020 Salzburg, Austria.Falkner, G, Austrian Acad Sci, Inst Limnol, Mondseestr 9, A-5310 Mondsee, Austria.

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 126Author: Dodds, W. K.Year: 2003Title: Misuse of inorganic N and soluble reactive P concentrations to indicate nutrient status of surface watersJournal: Journal of the North American Benthological SocietyVolume: 22Issue: 2Pages: 171-181Date: JunAccession Number: ISI:000183594300001Keywords: ammonium; dissolved reactive phosphorus; inorganic nutrients; nitrate;nutrient limitation; phosphate; water-quality monitoring

large oligotrophic lake; prairie streams; algal biomass; nitrogen;phosphate; limitation; phytoplankton; phosphorus; patterns; regenerationAbstract: Dissolved inorganic N (DIN) and soluble reactive P (SRP) have been used by some to indicate the trophic status of waters, and concentration ratios (DIN:SRP) to indicate nutrient deficiency. The utility of such measurements should be questioned, particularly based on well-known problems associated with determination of the concentration of SRP, which is commonly assumed to represent PO43-. Another potential problem with using inorganic nutrient pools to represent trophic state and nutrient availability ratios arises because concentration values are in units of mass per unit volume, and cannot be used with certainty to estimate supply (i.e., turnover rate of the nutrient pool, expressed either in mass per unit volume per unit time or simply as per unit time) to organisms without information on uptake and remineralization. Two data sets with lotic water-column nutrient values were explored, a large, continental-scale data set with analyses and collections done by many laboratories, and a more limited data set collected and analyzed by the same laboratory. In concert, the data sets indicated that at high total N (TN) (i.e., >5 mg/L) and total P (TP) (i.e., >2 mg/L) concentrations, >60% of the nutrient is usually made up of dissolved inorganic forms, but at low levels the ratio of dissolved inorganic to total nutrients is highly variable. Last, DIN:SRP is a weak surrogate for TN:TP and thus should be used with caution to indicate nutrient limitation.Notes: Cited References: 1973, NITRATE NITRITE WATE *APHA, 1995, STAND METH EX WAT WA ALEXANDER RB, 1996, US GEOLOGICAL SURVEY, V37 AMEEL JJ, 1993, AM ENV LAB, V10, P7 BENTZEN E, 1991, CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI, V48, P73 CHAMBERLAIN W, 1973, ENV HDB, P355 DODDS WK, 1988, ARCH HYDROBIOL S, V79, P343 DODDS WK, 1990, CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI, V47, P2328 DODDS WK, 1991, J PLANKTON RES, V13, P1339 DODDS WK, 1993, AQUAT SCI, V55, P132 DODDS WK, 1995, HYDROBIOLOGIA, V297, P1 DODDS WK, 1997, WATER RES, V31, P1738 DODDS WK, 2000, ECOSYSTEMS, V3, P574 DODDS WK, 2002, FRESHWATER ECOLOGY C ELSER JJ, 1990, CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI, V47, P1468 FRANCOEUR SN, 1999, J N AM BENTHOL SOC, V18, P242 GRAY LJ, 1998, GRASSLAND DYNAMICS L, P177 GRAY LJ, 1998, GRASSLAND DYNAMICS, P159 HECKY RE, 1988, LIMNOL OCEANOGR, V33, P796 HUDSON JJ, 2000, NATURE, V406, P54

KEMP MJ, 2001, BIOGEOCHEMISTRY, V53, P125 REDFIELD AC, 1958, AM SCIENTIST, V46, P205 RIGLER FH, 1966, VERH INT VER LIMNOL, V16, P465 RYDING SO, 1989, CONTROL EUTROPHICATI SMITH VH, 1982, LIMNOL OCEANOGR, V27, P1101 SUTTLE CA, 1990, LIMNOL OCEANOGR, V35, P424 TANK JL, 2003, IN PRESS FRESHWATER TATE CM, 1990, ECOLOGY, V71, P2007 WOLD AP, 1999, J N AM BENTHOL SOC, V18, P2EnglishURL: <Go to ISI>://000183594300001Author Address: Kansas State Univ, Div Biol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA.Dodds, WK, Kansas State Univ, Div Biol, Ackert Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA.

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 128Author: Borel, C. M.; Guerstein, G. R.; Prieto, A. R.Year: 2003Title: Holocene aquatic palynomorphs (algae and acritarchs) from Laguna Hinojales (Buenos Aires, Argentina): paleoecological interpretationJournal: AmeghinianaVolume: 40Issue: 4Pages: 531-544Date: Dec 30Accession Number: ISI:000220070400002Keywords: palynology; algae; acritarchos; holocene; Buenos Aires; Argentinanoord-holland; chlorophyta; acartiidae; morphology; eggs; provAbstract: Holocene palynological samples from the Laguna Hinojales (37similar to 34' S; 57degrees 27' W), southeastern Buenos Aires province, contain algae (Chlorophyta, Cyanophyta and Dinoflagellata) and acritarchs. The chlorophycean algae consist of cenobia of Pediastrum musterii Tell and Mataloni, P. boryantim (Turpin) Meneghini, and Scenedesmus sp., colonies of Botryococois braunii Mitzing, zygospores of Debarya madrasensis lyengar, Motigeotia laetenvirens (Braun) Wittrock, Moitgeotia sp., Zygnenia sp. and Spirogyra spp., and spores of Desmidiaceae. Cyanophycean sheets and akinetes of Gloeotrichia sp. are well preserved. The assemblages also contain freshwater dinoflagellates, represented by a peridinioid genus. Among the acritarchs, Cobricosphaeridium spp. reach highest percentages in the lowermost part of the core, where possibly freshwater algal spores are also present. These palynomorphs,

produced by organisms from plankton and benthic communities, are used as indicators of nutrient, depth and salinity changes. Variable size and salinity of the water body are inferred from fluctuating frequencies of algae and acritarchs between ca. 4,500 - 2,100 C-14 yr B.P. From 2,100 C-14 yr B.P, algal assemblages indicate a freshening of the water and a gradual transition to favourable trophic conditions in the shallow lake. Higher values of Pediastrum spp., Scenedesmus sp., and Zygnemataceae, along with low frequencies of Botryococcus braunii reflect elevated nutrient levels in a relatively shallow lake. The improvement of climatic conditions, especially an increase in average temperature, probably was responsible for the expansion of aquatic plants and natural eutrophication of the water environment. After 400 14C yr B.P. the spectrum suggests a shallow eutrophic lake. However, alternating intervals, less favourable for algae, reflect a reduction in the water body size, possibly related to periods of lower precipitation.Notes: Cited References: AGARDH CA, 1816, S ALG SCAND AGARDH CA, 1824, SYSTEMA ALGARUM BATTEN DJ, 1985, REV PALAEOBOT PALYNO, V44, P233 BATTEN DJ, 1996, PALYNOLOGY PRINCIPLE, V1, P191 BELMONTE G, 1997, CRUSTACEANA 1, V70, P114 BELMONTE G, 1998, J MARINE SYST, V15, P35 BOLTOVSKOY A, 1973, REV ESP MICROPALEONT, V5, P81 BORNET E, 1886, ANN SCI NAT BOT BIOL, V3, P323 BURDEN ET, 1986, CAN J EARTH SCI, V23, P43 CASTROLONGORIA E, 2001, CRUSTACEANA 3, V74, P225 CLEVE P, 1868, NOVA ACTA REG SOC, V3, P6 COHEN RG, 1995, ECOSISTEMAS CONTINEN, V2 COLE JM, 1997, PETROLEUM GEOL SE AS, V126, P147 FASANO JL, 1991, GEOL GEOMORFOLOGIA R FERNANDEZ CA, 1993, PALYNOLOGY, V17, P187 FERRER NC, 1998, THESIS U NAC SUR GOMEZ EA, 2000, PROFILE, V18 GRILL S, 1995, POLEN, V7, P41 GRILL SC, 1996, AMEGHINIANA, V33, P435 GRIMM E, 1991, TILIA SOFTWARE GUARRERA SA, 1968, REV MUS PLATA B, V10, P223 HARLAND R, 1970, P ROYAL SOC VICTORIA, V83, P211 HEAD MJ, 1970, J PALEONTOLOGY HOSHAW RW, 1988, PHYCOLOGIA, V27, P511 IYENGAR MOP, 1932, REV ALGOL, V6 KUTZING FT, 1849, SPECIES ALGARUM LEE RE, 1999, PHYCOLOGY LINK HF, 1920, EPISTOLA ALGIS AQUAT MCMINN A, 1991, MICROPALEONTOLOGY, V37, P269 MENEGHINI G, 1840, LINNAEA, V14, P201

MEYEN FJF, 1829, NOVA ACTA PHYSICO ME, V14, P771 PALS JP, 1980, REV PALAEOBOT PALYNO, V30, P371 PRIETO AR, 1998, J GEOL GEOFISICAS BO, P257 RANDHAWA MS, 1959, ZYNEMACEAE STUTZ S, 2001, RESERVA BIOSFERA MAR, P75 STUTZ S, 2002, AMEGHINIANA, V39, P85 TELL G, 1990, NOVA HEDWIGIA, V50, P159 TRANSEAU EN, 1934, T AM MICROSCOPICAL S, V53, P201 VANDENHOEK C, 1995, INTRO PHYCOLOGY VANGEEL B, 1983, REV PALAEOBOT PALYNO, V38, P269 VIOLANTE RA, 1992, REV ASOCIACION GEOLO, V47, P201 WITTROCK VB, 1872, SVENSKA VET AKAD, V1, P1 WITTROCK VB, 1877, ALGA AQUAE EXSICCATA ZIPPI PA, 1998, MICROPALEONTOLOGY, V44, P1SpanishURL: <Go to ISI>://000220070400002Author Address: Univ Nacl Sur, Dept Geol, RA-8000 Bahia Blanca, Argentina. Univ Nacl Mar Del Plata, Fac Ciencias Exactas & Nat, Consejo Nacl Invest Cient & Tecn, Lab Paleoecol & Palinol, RA-7600 Mar Del Plata, Argentina.Borel, CM, Univ Nacl Sur, Dept Geol, San Juan 670, RA-8000 Bahia Blanca, Argentina.maborel@criba.edu.ar gmguerst@criba.edu.ar aprieto@mdp.edu.ar

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 129Author: Baldwin, D. S.; Whittington, J.; Oliver, R.Year: 2003Title: Temporal variability of dissolved P speciation in a eutrophic reservoir - implications for predicating algal growthJournal: Water ResearchVolume: 37Issue: 19Pages: 4595-4598Date: NovAccession Number: ISI:000186247200005Keywords: phosphorus; speciation; algae; reservoirphosphorus; fluorescence; sediments; lakesAbstract: Weak-anion exchange chromatography was used to explore the temporal variability in the speciation of dissolved P in the surface layer of a eutrophic reservoir. Authentic free ortho-P ion was the most common form of P on three of the five sampling occasions-including during a bloom of the green algae Botryococcus braunii indicating that the bloom was not P limited. Conversely, the absence of authentic ortho-P during a bloom of the dinoflagellate Ceratium hirundinella suggested the bloom was either P limited or co-limited. These

observations were confirmed by algal-growth bioassay experiments. Crown Copyright (C) 2003 Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Notes: Cited References: *AM PUBL HLTH ASS, 1998, STAND METH EX WAT WA BALDWIN DS, 1996, HYDROBIOLOGIA, V335, P63 BALDWIN DS, 1998, WATER RES, V32, P2265 FRANCKO DA, 1982, LIMNOL OCEANOGR, V27, P27 HOSOMI M, 1986, INT J ENVIRON STUD, V27, P267 HUDSON JJ, 2000, NATURE, V406, P54 HUPFER M, 1995, LIMNOL OCEANOGR, V40, P610 KARL DM, 1989, LIMNOL OCEANOGR, V34, P543 MINEAR RA, 1988, ANALYST, V113, P645 NANNY MA, 1995, WATER RES, V29, P2138 SCHREIBER U, 1994, Z NATURFORSCH C, V49, P646 WOOD MD, 1995, AUST J PLANT PHYSIOL, V22, P331EnglishURL: <Go to ISI>://000186247200005Author Address: Murray Darling Freshwater Res Ctr, CRC Freshwater Ecol, Albury, NSW 2640, Australia.Baldwin, DS, Murray Darling Freshwater Res Ctr, CRC Freshwater Ecol, POB 921, Albury, NSW 2640, Australia.

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 130Author: Talling, J. F.; Parker, J. E.Year: 2002Title: Seasonal dynamics of phytoplankton and phytobenthos, and associated chemical interactions, in a shallow upland lake (Malham Tarn, northern England)Journal: HydrobiologiaVolume: 487Pages: 167-181Accession Number: AN 2003:224427Keywords: Flagellate (phyto-; phytoplankton and phytobenthos seasonal population and nutrient dynamics and assocd. chem. interactions in shallow upland lake, Malham Tarn, England); Benthic organisms (phytobenthos; phytoplankton and phytobenthos seasonal population and nutrient dynamics and assocd. chem. interactions in shallow upland lake, Malham Tarn, England); Alkalinity; Bacillariophyta; Chara; Chlorophyta; Chrysophyceae; Cyanobacteria; Dinophyceae; Lake waters; Nutrients; Phytoplankton; Solar radiation; Temperature (phytoplankton and phytobenthos seasonal population and nutrient dynamics and assocd. chem. interactions in shallow upland lake, Malham Tarn, England); Nitrates; Phosphates Role: BCP (Biochemical process), OCU (Occurrence, unclassified), REM (Removal or disposal),

BIOL (Biological study), OCCU (Occurrence), PROC (Process) (phytoplankton and phytobenthos seasonal population and nutrient dynamics and assocd. chem. interactions in shallow upland lake, Malham Tarn, England); Growth and development (phytoplankton and phytobenthos; phytoplankton and phytobenthos seasonal population and nutrient dynamics and assocd. chem. interactions in shallow upland lake, Malham Tarn, England)seasonal dynamics phytoplankton phytobenthos upland lake UK; chem interaction phytoplankton phytobenthos seasonal dynamics upland lake UKAbstract: Seasonal phytoplankton changes were followed over 3 yr (1985-1987) in a shallow, unstratified, calcareous upland lake. Phytoplankton were present in low to moderate abundance and generally dominated by phytoflagellates. Seasonality involved a winter abundance min., a spring diatom max., and brief increases in summer which included cyanophyta, esp. the colonial, Gloeotrichia echinulata. Some components were of benthic origin. Seasonal growth of the main phytobenthos component, Chara globularis var. virgata, regularly depleted summer lake water Ca2+ and HCO3- (alky.) by assocd. CaCO3 deposition, and a more extreme (and unusual) K+ depletion. Chem. anal. of Chara biomass and of underlying sediment indicated a large benthic nutrient stock, much surpassing that represented by phytoplankton. Growth of this biomass and the magnitude of water-borne inputs, affected Ca2+, K+, and inorg. N removals. Phytoplankton were probably limited by a low P medium, to which PO43- co-pptn. with CaCO3 may have contributed. A vernal Si depletion was probably limiting to diatom growth and appeared to be mainly induced by benthic rather than planktonic diatoms. Examples of long-term change in phytoplankton and phytobenthos compn. were noted and discussed in relation to the interaction of these components, nutrient enrichment, and possible alternative stable states. [on SciFinder (R)]Notes: CAN 139:8974861-1WaterFreshwater Biological Association, Ambleside,Cumbria,UK.Journal0018-8158written in English.7440-44-0 (Carbon) Role: BSU (Biological study, unclassified), OCU (Occurrence, unclassified), BIOL (Biological study), OCCU (Occurrence) (org. and inorg.; phytoplankton and phytobenthos seasonal population and nutrient dynamics and assocd. chem. interactions in shallow upland lake, Malham Tarn, England); 7723-14-0 (Phosphorus) Role: BSU (Biological study, unclassified), OCU (Occurrence, unclassified), BIOL (Biological study), OCCU (Occurrence) (particulate; phytoplankton and phytobenthos seasonal population and nutrient dynamics and

assocd. chem. interactions in shallow upland lake, Malham Tarn, England); 7631-86-9 (Silica) Role: BCP (Biochemical process), BSU (Biological study, unclassified), OCU (Occurrence, unclassified), REM (Removal or disposal), BIOL (Biological study), OCCU (Occurrence), PROC (Process) (phytoplankton and phytobenthos seasonal population and nutrient dynamics and assocd. chem. interactions in shallow upland lake, Malham Tarn, England); 124-38-9 (Carbon dioxide) Role: BCP (Biochemical process), FMU (Formation, unclassified), OCU (Occurrence, unclassified), BIOL (Biological study), FORM (Formation, nonpreparative), OCCU (Occurrence), PROC (Process) (phytoplankton and phytobenthos seasonal population and nutrient dynamics and assocd. chem. interactions in shallow upland lake, Malham Tarn, England); 479-61-8 (Chlorophyll a); 7440-09-7 (Potassium); 7440-70-2 (Calcium) Role: BSU (Biological study, unclassified), OCU (Occurrence, unclassified), BIOL (Biological study), OCCU (Occurrence) (phytoplankton and phytobenthos seasonal population and nutrient dynamics and assocd. chem. interactions in shallow upland lake, Malham Tarn, England); 12408-02-5 (Hydrogen ion) Role: OCU (Occurrence, unclassified), OCCU (Occurrence) (phytoplankton and phytobenthos seasonal population and nutrient dynamics and assocd. chem. interactions in shallow upland lake, Malham Tarn, England); 7727-37-9 (Nitrogen) Role: BSU (Biological study, unclassified), OCU (Occurrence, unclassified), BIOL (Biological study), OCCU (Occurrence) (total and inorg.; phytoplankton and phytobenthos seasonal population and nutrient dynamics and assocd. chem. interactions in shallow upland lake, Malham Tarn, England)

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 131Author: Moutin, T.; Thingstad, T. F.; Van Wambeke, F.; Marie, D.; Slawyk, G.; Raimbault, P.; Claustre, H.Year: 2002Title: Does competition for nanomolar phosphate supply explain the predominance of the cyanobacterium Synechococcus?Journal: Limnology and OceanographyVolume: 47Issue: 5Pages: 1562-1567Date: SepAccession Number: ISI:000178081800030Keywords: north pacific-ocean; phosphorus limitation; nitrogen-fixation;mediterranean-sea; atlantic-ocean; cell-cycle; food-web; bacteria;phytoplankton; watersAbstract: Experimental work during a cruise along a W-E transect in

the Mediterranean Sea suggests that (1) orthophosphate concentrations in the upper photic zone show a decreasing trend from the west to the east reaching levels well below 1 nM and (2) microorganisms in the 0.6-2-mum size fraction, probably Synechococcus, have, in addition to high affinity for orthophosphate, significantly higher maximum uptake rates than heterotrophic bacteria or eukaryotic algae. These specific advantages concerning orthophosphate uptake at low (<5 nM) as well as at relatively high (5-25 nM) concentrations could explain both general Synechococcus abundance in P-depleted environments and transient blooms of this species in the open ocean where episodic orthophosphate nanopulse events are likely to occur.Notes: Cited References: ANDERSEN V, 2000, DEEP-SEA RES PT I, V47, P397 CAMPBELL L, 1997, DEEP-SEA RES PT I, V44, P167 FAGERBAKKE KM, 1996, AQUAT MICROB ECOL, V10, P15 GLOVER HE, 1988, NATURE, V331, P161 GOLDMAN JC, 1979, NATURE, V279, P210 GOLDMAN JC, 1986, LIMNOL OCEANOGR, V31, P1358 GOLDMAN JC, 1987, LIMNOL OCEANOGR, V32, P1239 HERUT B, 1999, LIMNOL OCEANOGR, V44, P1683 HUDSON JJ, 2000, NATURE, V406, P54 KARL D, 1997, NATURE, V388, P533 KARL DM, 1992, LIMNOL OCEANOGR, V37, P105 KROM MD, 1991, LIMNOL OCEANOGR, V36, P424 MARIE D, 1997, APPL ENVIRON MICROB, V63, P186 MCCARTHY JJ, 1979, SCIENCE, V203, P670 MOREL A, 1997, LIMNOL OCEANOGR, V42, P1746 MOUTIN T, 2002, J MARINE SYST, V33, P273 PARTENSKY F, 1999, B I OCEANOGR MONACO, V19, P457 PUJOPAY M, 1994, MAR ECOL-PROG SER, V105, P203 SANUDOWILHELMY SA, 2001, NATURE, V411, P66 SCANLAN DJ, 1999, HYDROBIOLOGIA, V401, P149 THINGSTAD TF, 1993, MAR ECOL-PROG SER, V99, P239 THINGSTAD TF, 1996, AQUAT MICROB ECOL, V10, P29 THINGSTAD TF, 1999, PROG OCEANOGR, V44, P271 TREGUER P, 1975, MANUEL ANAL SELS NUT VADSTEIN O, 2000, ADV MICROB ECOL, V16, P115 VANWAMBEKE F, 2002, MICROBIAL ECOL, V43, P119 VAULOT D, 1996, APPL ENVIRON MICROB, V62, P2527 WELSCHMEYER NA, 1994, LIMNOL OCEANOGR, V39, P1985 WU JF, 2000, SCIENCE, V289, P759EnglishURL: <Go to ISI>://000178081800030Author Address: CNRS, UMR 6535, Lab Oceanog & Biogeochim, F-13288 Marseille 09, France. Univ Bergen, Dept Microbiol, N-5020

Bergen, Norway. CNRS, UMR 6117, Lab Microbiol Marine, F-13288 Marseille 09, France. Dept Adaptat & Divers Milieu Marin, F-29682 Roscoff, France. INSU, CNRS, Lab Oceanog Villefranche, F-06238 Villefranche Sur Mer, France. UPMC, F-06238 Villefranche Sur Mer, France.Moutin, T, CNRS, UMR 6535, Lab Oceanog & Biogeochim, Campus Luminy,Case 901, F-13288 Marseille 09, France.

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 132Author: Mishra, U.; Tiwari, G. L.Year: 2002Title: Studies on allelopathic effects in rivularian algal isolatesJournal: Allelopathy JournalVolume: 10Issue: 1Pages: 29-37Date: JulAccession Number: ISI:000177425400004Keywords: algal allelopathy; Anabaena; Aphanothece; Calothrix; chlorophyll a;Dichothrix; Gloeotrichia; Hapalosiphon; inhibitory; Lyngbya; Nostoc;Oscillatoria; Scytonema; stimulatoryblue-green-algae; toxinsAbstract: The interspecific and intergeneric allelopathic responses among rivularian isolates and commonly observed rice field cyanobacterial strains were investigated. The cyanobacterial strains exhibited distinct and diverse interspecific response mechanisms. Filtrate of Calothrix -11 was autoinhibitory, while that of Dichothrix - 371 was most inhibitory to all rivularian strains. Calothrix -121 showing maximum chlorophyll a in filtrates of five strains proved a hardy isolate. In intergeneric allelopathic studies, except Scytonema, all other non rivularian strains studied were inhibitory to the-growth of the rivularian isolates. Therefore, Scytonema may be used in BGA biofertilizer formulations to stimulate the growth of native rivularian isolates in rice fields. These results can aid in more efficient utilization of cyanobacteria.Notes: Cited References: AARONSON S, 1977, ARCH MICROBIOL, V112, P57 ABGIERS H, 1977, BOT MAR, V20, P187 AKEHURST SC, 1931, J R MICROSC SOC, V51, P237 ALLEN MB, 1956, SCI MONTHLY, V83, P100 BAGCHI SN, 1993, CURR MICROBIOL, V26, P223 CARMICHAEL WW, 1981, WATER ENV ALGAL TOXI CARMICHAEL WW, 1982, S AFR J SCI, V78, P367 CARMICHAEL WW, 1986, ADV BOT RES, V12, P47

CARMICHAEL WW, 1988, HDB NATURAL TOXINS, V3, P121 CARMICHAEL WW, 1989, NATURAL TOXINS CHARA, P3 CARMICHAEL WW, 1990, ACS SYM SER, V418, P87 CARMICHAEL WW, 1992, J APPL BACTERIOL, V72, P445 CARMICHAEL WW, 1993, ALGAL TOXINS SEAFOOD, P187 DESIKACHARY TV, 1959, CYANOPHYTA FITSCHER RW, 1976, NATURE, V259, P394 FLINT LH, 1946, AM J BOT, V33, P218 FOGG GE, 1952, P ROY SOC B, V139, P372 FOGG GE, 1958, NATURE, V184, P789 GEITLER L, 1932, RABENHORSTS KRYPTOGA HOPPE HA, 1979, MARINE ALGAE PHARM S, V1 INDERJIT, 1994, BOT REV, V60, P182 JORGENSEN EG, 1956, PHYSIOL PLANTARUM, V9, P712 MACKINNEY G, 1941, J BIOL CHEM, V140, P315 MOHAN M, 1979, PHYKOS, V18, P73 MONAHAN TJ, 1970, J PHYCOL, V6, P263 PANDEY RK, 1980, IND J BOT, V3, P128 PRATT R, 1944, SCIENCE, V99, P351 PROCTOR VW, 1957, ECOLOGY, V38, P457 RICE EL, 1984, ALLELOPATHY RICE EL, 1995, ADV APPL ALLELOPATHY RICE TR, 1954, FISH B, V54, P227 SHARMA P, 1984, ARCH MICROBIOL, V139, P196 SIVONEN K, 1999, TOXIC CYANOBACTERIA, P41 STANIER RY, 1971, BACTERIOL REV, V35, P171 STEWART WDP, 1963, NATURE, V200, P1020 TATEWAKI M, 1983, J PHYCOL, V19, P409 TAYLOR IEP, 1977, PHYCOLOGIA, V16, P37 TILDEN JE, 1910, MYXOPHYCEAE MINNESOT, V1 VENKATARAMAN GS, 1974, ALGAE FORM FUNCTION, P343 WATT WD, 1966, J EXP BOT, V17, P117 WHITTON BA, 1965, J GEN MICROBIOL, V40, P1EnglishURL: <Go to ISI>://000177425400004Author Address: Univ Allahabad, Dept Bot, Allahabad 211002, Uttar Pradesh, India.Mishra, U, Indian Agr Res Inst, Natl Ctr Conservat & Utilizat BGA, New Delhi 110012, India.

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 133Author: Lavallee, B. F.; Pick, F. R.Year: 2002Title: Picocyanobacteria abundance in relation to growth and loss rates in oligotrophic to mesotrophic lakes

Journal: Aquatic Microbial EcologyVolume: 27Issue: 1Pages: 37-46Date: Feb 18Accession Number: ISI:000174524300005Keywords: picocyanobacteria; lake trophy; growth rate; loss rate; grazing;selective; metabolic inhibitor techniquefresh-water ecosystems; autotrophic picoplankton; phototrophicpicoplankton; nanoplankton biomass; phytoplankton; synechococcus;dynamics; marine; temperature; communitiesAbstract: The relative importance of growth versus loss rates of picocyanobacteria (PC) and the influence of physical and chemical variables on their in situ abundance were examined during summer 2000 in 48 lakes in Quebec, Ontario and New York State, The lakes were selected based on their trophic state. For the resulting range in total phosphorus (TP) (1 to 42 mug l(-1)), PC abundance varied from <10(2) ml(-1) in a eutrophic lake dominated by a cyanobacterial bloom to over 10(5) ml(-1) in oligotrophic and more mesotrophic lakes. Growth rates on average exceeded loss rates in the lakes with maximum rates of 1.93 and 1.25 d(-1), respectively, as estimated using a selective metabolic inhibitor method. On average the doubling time of PC was about 1.7 d, Growth rates were positively correlated with loss rates in the lakes. The multiple regression model that explained the most variation in PC abundance included SRP, loss rates, conductivity and the ratio of total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN) to TP. The results suggest that biotic control of the abundance of PC may be as important as abiotic control. However, the model could only explain 44% of the variation in PC abundance among the lakes. This could be in part the result of considering PC as one ecological group when in fact considerable diversity is likely present among freshwater PC.Notes: Cited References: *REG MUN OTT CARL, 1993, SURF WAT QUAL TECHN AGAWIN NSR, 1998, MAR ECOL-PROG SER, V170, P45 AGAWIN NSR, 2000, LIMNOL OCEANOGR, V45, P591 AZAM F, 1983, MAR ECOL-PROG SER, V10, P257 BURNISON BK, 1980, CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI, V37, P729 CAMPBELL L, 1986, MAR ECOL-PROG SER, V33, P121 FAHNENSTIEL GL, 1992, CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI, V49, P379 GAEDKE U, 1998, ARCH HYDROBIOL SPEC, V53, P143 GEMZA A, 2001, LAKE PARTNER PROGRAM HAHN MW, 1999, APPL ENVIRON MICROB, V65, P25 HALL JA, 1993, J PLANKTON RES, V15, P1075 HUDSON JJ, 2000, NATURE, V406, P54 JEFFREY SW, 1975, BIOCH PHYSL PFLANZEN, V167, P191

KALFF J, 2002, LIMNOLOGY INLAND WAT KOMAREK J, 1996, ALGOL STUD, V83, P377 LANDRY MR, 1994, MAR MICROB FOOD WEBS, V8, P37 LIU H, 1998, DEEP SEA RES 2, V45, P2337 LIU HB, 1995, MAR ECOL-PROG SER, V116, P277 MULLER H, 1996, ARCH HYDROBIOL SPEC, V48, P63 NING X, 1992, ACTA OCEANOL, V11, P255 PICK FR, 1987, CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI, V44, P2164 PICK FR, 1991, INT REV GES HYDROBIO, V76, P565 PICK FR, 1991, LIMNOL OCEANOGR, V36, P1457 PICK FR, 2000, VERH INT VER LIMNOL, V27, P1884 PINELALLOUL B, 1996, CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI, V53, P2433 RAVEN JA, 1998, FUNCT ECOL, V12, P503 RHEW K, 2000, INT REV HYDROBIOL, V85, P395 RIPPKA R, 1988, METHOD ENZYMOL, V167, P28 SHERR BF, 1986, MAR ECOL-PROG SER, V32, P169 SONDERGAARD M, 1991, INT REV GES HYDROBIO, V76, P505 STOCKNER J, 2000, ECOLOGY CYANOBACTERI, P195 STOCKNER JG, 1986, CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI, V43, P2472 STOCKNER JG, 1991, INT REV GES HYDROBIO, V76, P581 SUTTLE CA, 1994, APPL ENVIRON MICROB, V60, P3167 TZARAS A, 1999, AQUAT MICROB ECOL, V19, P67 VOROS L, 1998, HYDROBIOLOGIA, V369, P117 WEHR JD, 1989, APPL ENVIRON MICROB, V45, P1196 WEHR JD, 1991, INT REV GES HYDROBIO, V76, P643 WEISSE T, 1988, J PLANKTON RES, V10, P1179 WEISSE T, 1993, ADV MICROB ECOL, V13, P327EnglishURL: <Go to ISI>://000174524300005Author Address: Univ Ottawa, Ottawa Carleton Inst Biol, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada.Pick, FR, Univ Ottawa, Ottawa Carleton Inst Biol, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada.

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 134Author: Best, J. H.; Pflugmacher, S.; Wiegand, C.; Eddy, F. B.; Metcalf, J. S.; Codd, G. A.Year: 2002Title: Effects of enteric bacterial and cyanobacterial lipopolysaccharides, and of microcystin-LR, on glutathione S-transferase activities in zebra fish (Danio rerio)Journal: Aquatic ToxicologyVolume: 60Issue: 3-4Pages: 223-231

Accession Number: AN 2002:643956Keywords: Escherichia coli; Gloeotrichia; Microcystis; Salmonella typhimurium (LPS obtained from; enteric bacterial and cyanobacterial lipopolysaccharides alter glutathione S-transferase activities in microcystin-LR-exposed zebra fish (Danio rerio) embryo and adult); Lipopolysaccharides Role: ADV (Adverse effect, including toxicity), BIOL (Biological study) (bacterial; enteric bacterial and cyanobacterial lipopolysaccharides alter glutathione S-transferase activities in microcystin-LR-exposed zebra fish (Danio rerio) embryo and adult); Toxins Role: ADV (Adverse effect, including toxicity), BIOL (Biological study) (endotoxins; enteric bacterial and cyanobacterial lipopolysaccharides alter glutathione S-transferase activities in microcystin-LR-exposed zebra fish (Danio rerio) embryo and adult); Aging; Danio rerio; Embryo (enteric bacterial and cyanobacterial lipopolysaccharides alter glutathione S-transferase activities in microcystin-LR-exposed zebra fish (Danio rerio) embryo and adult)bacterial cyanobacteria lipopolysaccharide microcystin LR Danio GSTAbstract: Cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) can produce a variety of toxins including hepatotoxins e.g. microcystins, and endotoxins such as lipopolysaccharides (LPS). The combined effects of such toxins on fish are little known. This study examines the activities of microsomal (m) and sol. (s) glutathione S-transferases (GST) from embryos of the zebra fish, Danio rerio at the prim six embryo stage, which had been exposed since fertilization to LPS from different sources. A further aim was to see how activity was affected by co-exposure to LPS and microcystin-LR (MC-LR). LPS were obtained from Salmonella typhimurium, Escherichia coli, a lab. culture of Microcystis CYA 43 and natural cyanobacterial blooms of Microcystis and Gloeotrichia. Following in vivo exposure of embryos to each of the LPS prepns., mGST activity was significantly reduced (from 0.50 to between 0.06 and 0.32 nanokatals per mg (nkat mg-1) protein). sGST activity in vivo was significantly reduced (from 1.05 to between 0.19 and 0.22 nkat mg-1 protein) after exposure of embryos to each of the cyanobacterial LPS prepns., but not in response to S. typhimurium or E. coli LPS. Activities of both m- and sGSTs were reduced after co-exposure to MC-LR and cyanobacterial LPS, but only mGST activity was reduced in the S. typhimurium and E. coli LPS-treated embryos. In vitro prepns. of GST from adult and prim six embryo D. rerio showed no significant changes in enzyme activity in response to the LPS prepns. with the exception of Gloeotrichia bloom LPS, where mGST was reduced in adult and embryo prepns. The present study represents the first investigations into the effects of cyanobacterial LPS on the phase-II microcystin detoxication mechanism. LPS prepns., whether from axenic cyanobacteria or cyanobacterial blooms, are potentially capable of significantly reducing activity of both the s- and mGSTs, so reducing the capacity of D. rerio to detoxicate microcystins. The results presented here have wide

ranging implications for both animal and human health. [on SciFinder (R)]Notes: CAN 137:3646744-5ToxicologySchool of Life Sciences, Division of Applied and Environmental Biology,University of Dundee,Dundee,UK.Journal0166-445Xwritten in English.101043-37-2 (Microcystin-LR) Role: ADV (Adverse effect, including toxicity), BIOL (Biological study) (enteric bacterial and cyanobacterial lipopolysaccharides alter glutathione S-transferase activities in microcystin-LR-exposed zebra fish (Danio rerio) embryo and adult); 50812-37-8 (Glutathione S-transferase) Role: BSU (Biological study, unclassified), BIOL (Biological study) (m- and s-isoforms; enteric bacterial and cyanobacterial lipopolysaccharides alter glutathione S-transferase activities in microcystin-LR-exposed zebra fish (Danio rerio) embryo and adult)

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 135Author: Allen, C. D.; Smith, R. E. H.Year: 2002Title: The response of planktonic phosphate uptake and turnover to ultraviolet radiation in Lake ErieJournal: Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic SciencesVolume: 59Issue: 5Pages: 778-786Date: MayAccession Number: ISI:000177395100004Keywords: natural phytoplankton assemblages; dissolved organic-matter; uv-birradiance; photosynthate allocation; solar-radiation; fresh-water;phosphorus; bacterioplankton; regeneration; communitiesAbstract: The hypothesis that ambient ultraviolet radiation (UVR), at near-surface intensities, may diminish phosphorus availability to phytoplankton was tested in Lake Erie in July and August of 1998 and 1999. Relative to samples exposed to photosynthetically active radiation (PAR, 400-700 nm) only, those exposed to ultraviolet-B (UVB, 280-320) and (or) ultraviolet-A (UVA, 320-400 nm) in natural sunlight, or kept in darkness, had diminished phosphate uptake rates at elevated (1 muM P) dissolved phosphate concentrations. By contrast, the specific uptake rate of dissolved phosphate at ambient

concentrations (turnover rate) was not significantly affected by UVR or darkness. Turnover was usually dominated by particles smaller than 0.8 mum, whereas uptake from elevated concentrations was dominated by larger particles. The size distribution of turnover and uptake activity was not affected by radiation treatment. Chlorophyll a concentrations were decreased by sufficient exposure to UVB and (or) UVA and increased by deprivation of PAR (dark controls), but the concentration of bacterial cells was unaffected. The results showed that UVR inhibited the phosphate uptake potential of larger, probably algal, plankton but did not change the apparent severity of phosphate limitation at ambient concentrations.Notes: Cited References: BEHRENFELD MJ, 1995, J PHYCOL, V31, P25 BOAVIDA MJ, 1998, FRESHWATER BIOL, V40, P285 CHARLTON MN, 1999, STATE LAKE ERIE SOLE, P97 CURRIE DJ, 1984, LIMNOL OCEANOGR, V29, P298 CURRIE DJ, 1986, CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI, V43, P1482 CURRIE DJ, 1990, LIMNOL OCEANOGR, V35, P1437 DOHLER G, 1987, J PLANKTON RES, V9, P881 FAUCHOT J, 2000, J PHYCOL, V36, P484 FURGAL JA, 1998, CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI, V55, P726 GALA WR, 1991, ECOTOX ENVIRON SAFE, V22, P345 GARCIAPICHEL F, 1996, SCI MAR S1, V60, P73 HESSEN DO, 1995, J PLANKTON RES, V17, P17 HIRIART VP, 2000, THESIS U WATERLOO WA HIRIART VP, 2002, CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI, V59, P317 HOBBIE JE, 1977, APPLIED ENV MICROBIO, V33, P1225 HUDSON JJ, 1996, LIMNOL OCEANOGR, V41, P1560 HUDSON JJ, 1999, NATURE, V400, P659 HUDSON JJ, 2000, NATURE, V406, P54 JOHANNSSON OE, 2000, J GREAT LAKES RES, V26, P31 LAURION I, 1998, LIMNOL OCEANOGR, V43, P1774 LEAN DRS, 1983, J GREAT LAKES RES, V9, P83 LEAN DRS, 1987, CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI, V44, P2069 LOHMANN M, 1998, MAR BIOL, V130, P501 MARWOOD CA, 2000, CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI, V57, P371 NEALE PJ, 1998, NATURE, V392, P585 SCULLY NM, 1994, ARCH HYDROBIOL BEIH, V43, P135 SMITH REH, 1998, J GREAT LAKES RES, V24, P427 SMITH REH, 1999, CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI, V56, P1351 SOMMARUGA R, 1996, APPL ENVIRON MICROB, V62, P4395 SOMMARUGA R, 1997, APPL ENVIRON MICROB, V63, P4178 VINCENT WF, 1991, ENV REV, V1, P1 VOSJAN JH, 1990, NETH J SEA RES, V25, P391 WEST LJA, 1999, PHOTOCHEM PHOTOBIOL, V69, P536 WETZEL RG, 1995, LIMNOL OCEANOGR, V40, P1369

WILHELM SW, 2000, CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI, V57, P317EnglishURL: <Go to ISI>://000177395100004Author Address: Univ Waterloo, Dept Biol, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada.Smith, REH, Univ Waterloo, Dept Biol, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada.

Reference Type: BookRecord Number: 136Author: Szasz, E.; Pettersson, K.Year: 2001Title: Nitrogen uptake and fixation by phytoplankton in lake Erken (Sweden) during summerSeries Editor: Williams, W. D.City: Stuttgart (FRG)Publisher: Schweizerbart'sche VerlagsbuchhandlungNumber of Pages: 1995-1999. [Verh. Int. Ver. Theor. Angew. Limnol./Proc. Int. Assoc. Theor. Appl. Limnol./Trav. Assoc. Int. Limnol. Theor. Appl.]. 2001.ISBN: 0368-07703510540557Accession Number: 5392030Keywords: Nitrogen fixation; Phytoplankton; Eutrophic lakes; Thermalstratification; Gloeotrichia echinulata; Sweden, Erken L.algal blooms; colonization; dissolved inorganic matterFreshwaterQ1 01461 PlanktonAbstract: The present study aimed to follow the relation between uptake of inorganic nitrogen and nitro fixation during summer in a moderately eutrophic lake with an intensive bloom of the cyanobacteria Gloeotrichia echinulata appearing regularly in July and August every year. The extensive study is briefly summarised in this paper and a more thorough presentation and discussion is planned to be published elsewhere. In conclusion, it can be stated that Gloeotrichia echinulata covered its nitrogen need by fixation during the intensive bloom period. During this period it also contributes significantly to the total nitrogen uptake in the epilimnion of Lake Erken. However, it also showed an ability to take up ammonium and this was the major nitrogen source before the bloom when few colonies appeared in the water. Ammonium uptake otherwise dominated, with more than 90% of the total DIN uptake, as nitrogen supply for phytoplankton in Lake Erken in summer.Notes: International Association of Theoretical and Applied Limnology, (v.p.)27th Congress in Dublin, Dublin (Eire), 1998Congress in Dublin 1998. Proceedings. Vol. 27, no. 4

EnglishBook Monograph; ConferenceAuthor Address: Erken Laboratory, Institute of Limnology, Uppsala University Norr Malma 4200, SE-761 73 Norrtaelje Sweden

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 137Author: Mishra, U.; Dikshit, G.; Tiwari, G. L.Year: 2001Title: Physiological characterization of some rivularian isolates from paddy fields of Uttar PradeshJournal: Phykos. New DelhiVolume: 40Issue: 1-2Pages: 65-69Alternate Journal: Phykos (India)Accession Number: 5512322Keywords: Biomass; Algae; Nitrogen fixation; Pigments; Chemical composition;Plant physiology; Rice fields; Cyanophyta; Calothrix; Dichothrix;Gloeotrichia; Rivulariaceae; India, Uttar PradeshsoilsFreshwaterQ1 01226 Physiology, biochemistry, biophysicsAbstract: The Rivularian cyanophytes are ubiquitous in distribution and attracted attention of cyanobacteriologists as nitrogen fixing organisms. Earlier more emphasis has been given on the morphological studies either from nature or from culture, whereas less attention has been paid on physiological characterization of this particular group. From this family, ten strains (Calothrix-7 species, Gloeotrichia-2 species and Dichothrix-1 species) have been selected and isolated in axenic cultures. Parameters used for physiological characterization were biomass production (dry weight, specific growth rate, generation time); nitrogen fixation (total nitrogen, nitrogenase activity); pigment composition (chlorophyll a, carotenoids, phycobilins) and cellular constituents (carbohydrates, protein). Calothrix -67 and Gloeotrichia-42 showed better biomass production; Calothrix-11, Calothrix-67 and Gloeotrichia-42 showed better nitrogen fixation. Similarly these three strains also showed better protein content, while Dichothrix-371, Gloeotrichia-379 and Calothrix-121 showed better carbohydrate content.Notes: 2001.0554-1182EnglishJournal ArticleAuthor Address: National Centre for Conservation and Utilization of

Blue Green Algae, Indian Agricultural Research Institute New Delhi 110 012 India

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 138Author: Klochenko, Peter D.; Elanskaya, Irina A.; Shevchenko, Tatyana F.; Sokolova, Elena V.Year: 2001Title: Antifungal activity of freshwater cyanobacteriaJournal: Archiv fuer Hydrobiologie, SupplementVolume: 140Pages: 143-149Accession Number: AN 2002:38152Keywords: Anabaena flos-aquae; Anabaena variabilis; Aphanizomenon flos-aquae; Calothrix braunii; Fungicide resistance; Fungicides; Fusarium oxysporum; Gloeotrichia natans; Hapalosiphon fontinalis; Lyngbya limnetica; Nostoc linckia; Nostoc muscorum; Oscillatoria; Oscillatoria limosa; Plectonema boryanum; Spirulina platensis; Tolypothrix tenuis (antifungal activity of freshwater cyanobacteria); Cyanobacteria (freshwater; antifungal activity of freshwater cyanobacteria)antifungal freshwater cyanobacteria FusariumAbstract: The antifungal activity of different freshwater cyanobacteria was detd. in an agar diffusion bioassay using different species of Fusarium and other fungi as indicator organisms. Micromycetes which were used for the bioassay were Fusarium oxysporum, F. moniliforme, F. gibbosum, F. culmorum, F. graminearunt, F. avenaceum, F. sporotrichiella, F. solani, F. javanicum, F. longipes, and also Bipolaris sorokiniana, Rhizoctonia solani, and Alternaria alternata. F. oxysporum proved to be the most sensitive fungus and was used for more detailed analyses. The strongest inhibitory activity of the cyanobacteria tested was found with Calothrix braunii, Tolypothrix tenuis, Spirulina platensis, Oscillatoria sp., Hapalosiphon fontinalis, Gloeotrichia natans, and Lyngbya limnetica. It was shown that the major activity was retained in the cyanobacterial cells. Only very little activity was found in the culture filtrates suggesting that excretion of antifungal compds. by these cyanobacteria is of minor importance. The antifungal compds. of cyanobacteria could be extd. with 60% aq. methanol and were also found in exts. of dichloromethane. [on SciFinder (R)]Notes: CAN 136:14774210-5Microbial, Algal, and Fungal BiochemistryInstitute of Hydrobiology,National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine,Kiev,Ukraine.Journal0365-284X

written in English.

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 139Author: Hyenstrand, Per; Rydin, Emil; Gunnerhed, Malin; Linder, Jeff; Blomqvist, PeterYear: 2001Title: Response of the cyanobacterium Gloeotrichia echinulata to iron and boron additions - an experiment from Lake ErkenJournal: Freshwater BiologyVolume: 46Issue: 6Pages: 735-741Accession Number: AN 2001:511951Keywords: Cyanobacteria; Gloeotrichia echinulata; Growth; Lake waters; Stephanodiscus (cyanobacterium, Gloeotrichia echinulata, response to summer addns. of phosphates, nitrates, and/or iron and boron to Lake Erken, Sweden); Nitrates; Phosphates Role: FFD (Food or feed use), MOA (Modifier or additive use), BIOL (Biological study), USES (Uses) (cyanobacterium, Gloeotrichia echinulata, response to summer addns. of phosphates, nitrates, and/or iron and boron to Lake Erken, Sweden)cyanobacteria response iron boron addn lake water; Gloeotrichia echinulata growth response nutrient addn Lake Erken SwedenAbstract: This study considered whether the availability of Fe and B has an important effect on development of the cyanobacterium, Gloeotrichia echinulata, in Lake Erken, Sweden. In in-situ expts., PO43- and NO3- were added to all enclosures, but pelagic colonies of G. echinulata only increased in abundance in enclosures to which Fe was also added. An even greater increase in abundance of G. echinulata occurred in enclosures in which PO43-, NO3-, and Fe addns. were complemented by adding B. B addns., together with PO43- and NO3- but without Fe, did not stimulate G. echinulata growth. [on SciFinder (R)]Notes: CAN 135:26174761-1WaterDepartment of Limnology, Institute of Evolutionary Biology,Uppsala University,Uppsala,Swed.Journal0046-5070written in English.479-61-8 (Chlorophyll a) Role: BOC (Biological occurrence), BSU (Biological study, unclassified), OCU (Occurrence, unclassified), BIOL (Biological study), OCCU (Occurrence) (cyanobacterium, Gloeotrichia

echinulata, response to summer addns. of phosphates, nitrates, and/or iron and boron to Lake Erken, Sweden); 7439-89-6 (Iron); 7440-42-8 (Boron) Role: FFD (Food or feed use), MOA (Modifier or additive use), BIOL (Biological study), USES (Uses) (cyanobacterium, Gloeotrichia echinulata, response to summer addns. of phosphates, nitrates, and/or iron and boron to Lake Erken, Sweden); 12408-02-5 (Hydrogen ion) Role: OCU (Occurrence, unclassified), OCCU (Occurrence) (cyanobacterium, Gloeotrichia echinulata, response to summer addns. of phosphates, nitrates, and/or iron and boron to Lake Erken, Sweden)

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 140Author: Hazarika, B.; Devi, P.; Boissya, C. L.Year: 2001Title: Cyanobacteria of rice fields of LakhimpurJournal: Phykos. New DelhiVolume: 40Issue: 1-2Pages: 95-102Alternate Journal: Phykos (India)Accession Number: 5512328Keywords: Aquatic plants; Taxonomy; India, Assam, Lakhimpur Dist.geographical distribution; rice fieldsFreshwaterQ1 01223 Taxonomy and morphologyAbstract: Present communication deals with the study of blue green algae from rice fields of Lakhimpur district of Assam, India. In total 25 heterocystous filamentous blue green algae belonging to genera: Nostoc (7), Anabaena (10), Calothrix (1), Aulosira (2), Cylindrospermum (4), Gloeotrichia (1), and 27 non heterocystous filamentous forms: Lyngbya (4), Phormidium (3), Oscillatoria (5), Spirulina (3), Schizothrix (1) and Symploca (1) were recorded.Notes: 2001.0554-1182EnglishJournal ArticleAuthor Address: Department of Botany, North Lakhimpur College Lakhimpur 787 031, Assam India

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 141Author: Tymowski, Raphael G.; Duthie, Hamish C.Year: 2000Title: Life strategy and phosphorus relations of the cyanobacterium Gloeotrichia echinulata in an oligotrophic precambrian shield lake

Journal: Archiv fuer HydrobiologieVolume: 148Issue: 3Pages: 321-332Accession Number: AN 2000:492902Keywords: Benthic organisms; Cyanobacteria; Gloeotrichia echinulata; Lake sediments; Lake waters; Plankton (life strategy and phosphorus relations of cyanobacterium Gloeotrichia echinulata in oligotrophic precambrian shield lake)cyanobacterium growth phosphorus uptake oligotrophic precambrian shield lake; phosphorus uptake growth Gloeotrichia echinulatan oligotrophic precambrian shield lakeAbstract: Expts. to measure phosphorus uptake by the cyanobacterium Gloeotrichia echinulata (J. E. Smith) Richter from lake sediments and from epilimnetic water show that phosphorus accumulated from the sediments by benthic colonies plays an important role in the development of planktonic populations, whereas uptake from epilimnetic water by vegetative colonies is insignificant. During the spring and summer of 1996, the cellular phosphorus quota of both benthic and epilimnetic Gloeotrichia colonies was monitored in the oligotrophic Peninsula Lake, central Ontario, Canada, in order to detect signs of luxury uptake and subsequent utilization during growth. Assays were also used to measure the rate of phosphorus uptake from the sediment and from lake water. G. echinulata, which overwinters in the form of the benthic akinete packets, is capable of obtaining phosphorus directly from the sediments following germination in early summer, and subsequent growth in the epilimnion is based almost entirely on accumulated reserves. [on SciFinder (R)]Notes: CAN 133:21253561-1WaterBaruch Marine Laboratory,Georgetown,SC,USA.Journal0003-9136written in English.7723-14-0 (Phosphorus) Role: BPR (Biological process), BSU (Biological study, unclassified), BIOL (Biological study), PROC (Process) (life strategy and phosphorus relations of cyanobacterium Gloeotrichia echinulata in oligotrophic precambrian shield lake)

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 142Author: Srivastava, D. K.Year: 2000Title: Cyanobacteria from paddy fields of Durg district of Chhattisgarh

stateJournal: Phykos (India)Volume: 39Issue: 1-2Pages: 125-129Accession Number: 5206666Keywords: Aquatic plants; Dominant species; Cysts; Cyanophyta; India,Chhattisgarh, Durg Dist.rice fieldsFreshwaterQ1 01221 GeneralAbstract: During the survey of paddy fields of Durg district, Chhattisgarh, India, 36 species of Cyanobacteria were collected, identified and unialgal cultures of 12 species raised in Chu-10 medium. Out of these, 24 forms were non-heterocytous and rest was heterocystous forms. The dominant cyanobacteria were Aphanothece, Anabaena, Calothrix, Gloeotrichia, Lyngbya, Oscillatoria, Phormidium and Nostoc.Notes: 2000.EnglishJournal ArticleAuthor Address: Department of Botany, Government Pt. J.L.V. Arts & Science College Bemetara Dist-Durg (Chhattisgarh) 491 335 India

Reference Type: BookRecord Number: 143Author: Laugaste, R.Year: 2000Title: The dominant species of phytoplankton of L. PeipsiSeries Editor: Mols, T.; Haberman, J.; Kongo, L.City: TallinnPublisher: Estonian Academy PublishersNumber of Pages: 97-121. [Eesti Looduseuur. Seltsi Aastaraam./Yearb. Est. Nat. Soc.]. 2000.ISBN: 0135-2431998550268XOriginal Publication: Peipsi jarve futoplanktoni dominandidAccession Number: 5355578Keywords: Dominant species; Phytoplankton; Trophic levels; Seasonalvariations; Eutrophic lakes; Algal blooms; Aulacoseira islandica;Aulacoseira granulata; Stephanodiscus binderanus; Gloeotrichiaechinulata; Aphanizomenon flos-aquae; Anabaena flos-aquae;Estonia, Peipsi L.FreshwaterQ1 01461 Plankton

Abstract: In different seasons and years main species of phytoplankton (dominants and subdominants) form 68-96% of biomass in L. Pihkva (southern, more eutrophic part) and 60-97% in L. Peipsi (northern, less eutrophic part) (Estonia). L. Lammijarv, connecting the two parts is similar to L. Pihkva in respect to phytoplankton and the trophic state. Diatoms and blue-green algae prevail in biomass, diatoms and green algae, in the species number. The complex of main species show the moderate eutrophy in northern part and high eutrophic state of southern part of L. Peipsi. Besides the different trophic level, the dominant complex and dynamics is connected with different water capacity of lake parts: water level and temperature in shallow L. Pihkva, the wind actions and streams in larger and deeper L. Peipsi "s.s." are the important factors effecting on occurrence and distribution of algae. The dominant complex has not changed considerably since 1909; however, the distribution of dominant species in lake parts has become more even in the last decades. Periods of high biomass occurred in the first half of the 1960s and 1970s and in 1988-1994, of low biomass in 1981-1987. The first coincided, in general, with periods of low water level and high water temperature.Notes: Estonian Naturalists' Soc., Tallinn (Estonia)Year-book of the Estonian Naturalists' Society. Eesti Looduseuurijate Seltsi aastaraamat. Vol. 79EstonianBook MonographAuthor Address: Institute of Zoology and Botany, Estonian Agricultural University Riia Str. 181, 51014 Tartu Estonia, [mailto:reet@zbi.ee]

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 144Author: Hyenstrand, P.; Rydin, E.; Gunnerhed, M.Year: 2000Title: Response of pelagic cyanobacteria to iron additions - enclosure experiments from Lake ErkenJournal: Journal of Plankton ResearchVolume: 22Issue: 6Pages: 1113-1126Date: JunAlternate Journal: J. Plankton Res.Accession Number: 4767820Keywords: Iron; Lakes; Growth rate; Colony-inhibiting factors; Nutrientavailability; Sweden; Pelagic environment; Aquatic bacteria;Nutrient deficiency; Limiting factors; Sweden, L. Erken; Bacteria;Phosphates; Nitrates; Ammonium; Phytoplankton; Algal blooms;Nutritional requirements; Gloeotrichia echinulata; Sweden, Erken

L.phosphates; nitrates; ammonium; ironFreshwaterK 03073 Algae; D 04627 Algae/lichens; SW 0850 Lakes; Q1 01425Nutrition and feeding habitsAbstract: In this study, low epilimnetic iron availability during the summer stagnation period was concluded to be a limiting factor for cyanobacterial development in Lake Erken. In three enclosure experiments, different combinations of phosphate, nitrate and ammonium additions were tested both with and without additions of dissolved iron. The addition of iron increased the growth of diazotrophic cyanobacteria significantly compared with enclosures not receiving iron. This was especially evident for the colony-forming cyanobacterium Gloeotrichia echinulata. In one experiment, colonies of G.echinulata disappeared in enclosures not receiving iron, while the abundance of this species increased in those enclosures to which iron was added.Notes: 0142-7873EnglishJournal ArticleAuthor Address: Department of Limnology, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Norbyvaegen 20, S-752 36 Uppsala, Sweden

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 145Author: Huszar, V. L. M.; Silva, L. H. S.; Marinho, M.; Domingos, P.; Sant'Anna, C. L.Year: 2000Title: Cyanoprokaryote assemblages in eight productive tropical Brazilian watersJournal: HydrobiologiaVolume: 424Issue: 1-3Pages: 67-77Accession Number: AN 2000:587689Keywords: Cylindrospermopsis; Lake waters; Microcystis; Water pollution (cyanoprokaryote assemblages in productive tropical Brazilian waters); Nitrates Role: GOC (Geological or astronomical occurrence), POL (Pollutant), OCCU (Occurrence) (cyanoprokaryote assemblages in productive tropical Brazilian waters); Lake waters (eutrophic; cyanoprokaryote assemblages in productive tropical Brazilian waters); Plankton (nanno-; cyanoprokaryote assemblages in productive tropical Brazilian waters); Lake waters (oligotrophic; cyanoprokaryote assemblages in productive tropical Brazilian waters); Plankton (pico-; cyanoprokaryote assemblages in productive tropical

Brazilian waters)cyanoprokaryote tropical Brazilian waterAbstract: Cyanoprokaryote assemblages of 8 very productive Brazilian lakes are described and the main driving forces of their dominance are considered. Relative abundance of blue-greens is shown to have been pos. related to temp., but not to pH or total P and to have been neg. assocd. with light, mixing, NO3-, but not with NH4+, total N or total N/total P ratio. Both heterocytic and non-heterocytic groups were neg. related to NO3-. However, if Cylindrospermopsis species are considered as non-N-fixing organisms (only 10% of the filaments carried heterocytes), the lakes could be considered as dominated by non-N-fixing populations during most of the years. In this new scenario, non-N-fixing were dominant in NO3- (but not NH4+) deficient lakes, and in both NO3- and NH4+ deficient conditions. Assemblages S, Sn, H, M, X1, as groups of descriptor species of systems having similar features as proposed by Reynolds, were representative of warm, shallow, turbid, enriched and frequently mixed lakes. We propose to move some species from Z (picoplankton of oligotrophic lakes) to X1 assemblage (nanoplankton of eutrophic lakes) and we comment on Microcystis species of M assemblage from mixed shallow lakes in relation to Lm assemblage of end-summer in temperate lakes. S and Sn assemblages, which comprise species which are good-light antennae, were the best represented group in these generally turbid and shallow lakes. [on SciFinder (R)]Notes: CAN 133:27112961-2WaterDepartamento de Botanica,Laboratorio de Ficologia, Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Quinta da Boa Vista,Rio de Janeiro,Brazil.Journal0018-8158written in English.7723-14-0 (Phosphorus); 14798-03-9 (Ammonium) Role: GOC (Geological or astronomical occurrence), POL (Pollutant), OCCU (Occurrence) (cyanoprokaryote assemblages in productive tropical Brazilian waters)

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 146Author: Dokulil, Martin T.; Teubner, KatrinYear: 2000Title: Cyanobacterial dominance in lakesJournal: HydrobiologiaVolume: 438

Pages: 1-12Accession Number: AN 2001:129132Keywords: Cyanobacteria; Lake waters (causes and consequences of cyanobacteria dominance in lakes)review cyanobacteria dominance lake waterAbstract: A review with 75 refs. concerning causes and consequences of cyanobacterial dominance in 4 ecotype lakes, including solns. to reduce eutrophication and bloom-forming cyanobacterial species, is given. Topics discussed include: causes of cyanobacterial dominance; factors affecting cyanobacterial dominance; and corrective actions. [on SciFinder (R)]Notes: CAN 134:24207461-0WaterInstitute of Limnology,Austrian Academy of Sciences,Mondsee,Austria.Journal; General Review0018-8158written in English.

Reference Type: BookRecord Number: 147Author: Watanabe, Y.; Drucker, V. V.Year: 1999Title: Phytoplankton blooms in Lake Baikal, with reference to the lake's present state of eutrophicationSeries Editor: Kawanabe, H.; Coulter, G. W.; Roosevelt, A. C.City: Ghent (Belgium)Publisher: Kenobi ProductionsISBN: 9080434124Accession Number: 5151374Keywords: Freshwater lakes; Phytoplankton; Algal blooms; Eutrophic lakes;Resource conservation; Environmental protection; Russia, Siberia,Baykal L.FreshwaterQ1 01481 Productivity; Q5 01523 Conservation, wildlife managementand recreationAbstract: Lake Baikal (Russia) is the largest ancient lake in volume, containing about 20% of the Earth's surface fresh water. The water of Lake Baikal has long been considered clear, but recent observations have shown decreases in the transparency of the lake, in particular owing to phytoplankton blooms over broad areas in early spring and summer, when the lake's water is thermally stratified. Especially in summer, blooms of very small phytoplankton develop in the pelagic zone of most the lake. Additionally, massive growths of large colony-

forming, nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria such as Anabaena and Gloeotrichia, similar to those observed in highly eutrophic temperate lakes, are observed in bays into which large rivers flow. These facts suggest that the water of lake Baikal is potentially eutrophic. Because of the large amount of cold water in the hypolimnion and long retention time of the lake's water, eutrophication of Lake Baikal does not appear to be advancing rapidly. However, it is urgent to monitor the water quality of the lake and the nutrient loads from the watershed, where great social and economic changes are now taking place. The influence of eutrophication on the biological community, made up of many valuable endemic species, also has to be investigated for the protection and conservation of Lake Baikal, an invaluable natural heritage of the world .Notes: Int. Conf. on Ancient Lakes: Their Biological and Cultural Diversities (ICAL '97), (Japan), 22-28 Jun 1997Ancient lakes. Their cultural and biological diversity. pp. 217-225. 1999.EnglishBook Monograph; Numerical dataAuthor Address: Department of Biology, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Minamiosawa 1-1, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 110Author: Vrede, Katarina; Vrede, Tobias; Isaksson, Anneli; Karlsson, AnnaYear: 1999Title: Effects of Nutrients (Phosphorous, Nitrogen, and Carbon) and Zooplankton on Bacterioplankton and Phytoplankton-A Seasonal StudyJournal: Limnology and OceanographyVolume: 44Issue: 7Pages: 1616-1624Date: Nov.Abstract: The effects of inorganic nutrients (P and N), organic C, and metazoan zooplankton on bacterioplankton production and abundance and on phytoplankton biomass were studied in five experiments (from May to September) in Lake Erken. In addition, the seasonal dynamics of bacterioplankton and phytoplankton were followed in the lake from April to November. Bacterioplankton production was P limited from May to August. N alone never stimulated bacterioplankton production, but bacterioplankton growth was close to colimited by P and N in July and August. Organic C stimulated bacterial production in June and September. Zooplankton enhanced bacterioplankton production in June, when bacterioplankton production was limited by P and C and the phytoplankton biomass in the lake was low. N alone stimulated

phytoplankton growth in all experiments. In addition, P alone stimulated phytoplankton growth in May and July, and the combination of P and N stimulated phytoplankton growth in July and August. Zooplankton additions resulted in a decrease in phytoplankton biomass in May and September, mainly owing to grazing on Cryptophyceae. The experimental results indicate that bacterioplankton and phytoplankton growth were uncoupled during most of the open-water period because P primarily limited bacterioplankton growth and N limited phytoplankton growth. The response of the bacterioplankton community was most likely a direct effect of nutrient additions. Primary production and bacterioplankton production were correlated during the season, but partial correlations analysis indicates that this relationship can be attributed to the fact that both primary production and bacterioplankton production showed strong positive correlations with temperature. We suggest that uncoupling of bacterioplankton production and phytoplankton production may be a common phenomenon in lakes.Notes: FLA00243590American Society of Limnology and OceanographyCopyright 1999 American Society of Limnology and OceanographyURL: http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0024-3590%28199911%2944%3A7%3C1616%3AEON%28NA%3E2.0.CO%3B2-K

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 19Author: Keeley, J. E.Year: 1999Title: Photosynthetic Pathway Diversity in a Seasonal Pool CommunityJournal: Functional EcologyVolume: 13Issue: 1Pages: 106-118Date: Feb.Keywords: C$_3$, C$_4$, CAM, Community Assembly, Diversity, Photosynthetic PathwaysAbstract: 1. Photosynthetic pathway diversity was evaluated for the dominant species in a seasonally aquatic community in the south-western USA using $^{14}$C pulse-chase techniques. 2. Under submerged conditions, only about half of the species were clearly C$_3$, three of the 15 dominants were CAM, one species was C$_4$ and three were potentially assimilating carbon with both C$_3$ and C$_4$ fixation. 3. During the brief terrestrial stage in the life history of these amphibious plants, both the CAM and the C$_3$ + C$_4$ species

switched to C$_3$, whereas the C$_4$ species did not switch. 4. Numerous variations were apparent; for example, the C$_4$ species, while exhibiting a biochemical pathway indistinguishable from terrestrial C$_4$ plants, lacked Kranz anatomy in the aquatic foliage. Also, despite well-developed CAM in several species, others exhibited low-level diel changes in acidity, apparently not indicative of CAM. 5. Species with C$_4$ or CAM CO$_2$ concentrating mechanisms lacked the capacity for bicarbonate uptake, an alternative CO$_2$ concentrating mechanism found in certain C$_3$ species in this community. 6. Rubisco/PEPC in aquatic foliage was higher in C$_3$ species than in C$_4$, CAM or putative C$_3$ + C$_4$ species. In the terrestrial phase, as expected, the switch from CAM or C$_3$ + C$_4$ to strictly C$_3$ assimilation was associated with a substantial increase in Rubisco/PEPC. Quite unexpected, however, was the substantial increase in this ratio in terrestrial C$_3$ foliage. It is hypothesized that submerged C$_3$ plants utilize PEPC for recycling of respiratory CO$_2$ and/or C$_4$ phototrophism under field conditions of limited CO$_2$ and O$_2$ saturation, and this is lost in the terrestrial foliage.Notes: FLA02698463British Ecological AssociationlatexCopyright 1999 British Ecological SocietyURL: http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0269-8463%28199902%2913%3A1%3C106%3APPDIAS%3E2.0.CO%3B2-3

Reference Type: BookRecord Number: 148Author: Karlsson, I.Year: 1999Title: On the germination of the akinete-forming cyanobacterium Gloeotrichia echinulata, in Lake Erken, SwedenSeries Editor: Komarek, J.; Eloranta, P.; Lhotsky, O.City: Stuttgart (FRG)Publisher: Schweizerbart'sche VerlagsbuchhandlungNumber of Pages: 175-180. [Arch. Hydrobiol. (Suppl.) (Algol. Stud.)]. 1999.ISBN: 0342-11203510660153Accession Number: 4728514Keywords: Germination; Colonies; Gloeotrichia echinulata; Sweden, Erken L.FreshwaterQ1 01204 Reproduction and development

Abstract: The potential germination of akinetes of Gloeotrichia echinulata was studied in in vitro germination experiments with akinete colonies from sediment samples collected during the spring and summer of 1998 at three different depths: 0.5, 1.5, and 4 metres. Germination in vitro occurred between April and August, with the highest germination frequency in colonies collected from the sediment of the shallowest station. The germination period in the lake occurred between the middle of June and the end of July.Notes: 14. Symposium of the International Association for Cyanophyte Research (IAC), Lammi (Finland), 17-21 Aug 1998Cyanobacteria/Cyanophyta, morphology, taxonomy, ecology. Proceedings of the 14th Symposium of the International Association for Cyanophyte Research (IAC). Vol. 129Referred to also as Algological Studies 94.EnglishBook Monograph; ConferenceAuthor Address: Uppsala University, Dep. of Limnology Norbyvaegen 20, S-75236 Uppsala Sweden, [mailto:irene.karlsson@limno.uu.se]

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 149Author: Head, R. M.; Jones, R. I.; Bailey-Watts, A. E.Year: 1999Title: An assessment of the influence of recruitment from the sediment on the development of planktonic populations of cyanobacteria in a temperate mesotrophic lakeJournal: Freshwater BiologyVolume: 41Issue: 4Pages: 759-769Date: JunAccession Number: ISI:000081929600009Keywords: akinetes; blue-green algae; cyanobacteria; migration; recruitment;resting stages; vertical movement; trappingmicrocystis-aeruginosa kutz; blue-green-algae; gloeotrichia-echinulata;gloetrichia-echinulata; eutrophic lake; emend-elenkin; shallow lake;phosphorus; water; aphanizomenonAbstract: 1. A number of planktonic cyanobacteria species form resting stages that survive in the sediments of lakes. The significance of this life history strategy to the ecology of new planktonic populations was investigated in Esthwaite Water, a mesotrophic lake in the English Lake District. 2. A simple trapping technique was used to quantify vertical movements of five species of buoyant gas-vacuolate cyanobacteria from close to the sediments, along a depth transect. 3. 'Recruitment' from the sediments was found to be widespread

amongst the cyanobacteria species associated with the summer phytoplankton community. 4. Estimates of the vertical upward fluxes of cyanobacteria based upon trap catches could not account for observed increases in the planktonic populations suggesting that 'recruitment' was not a significant source of biomass. 5. Vertical upward movements of Anabaena solitaria were recorded prior to this species becoming established in the plankton suggesting that benthic populations might be a source of cells for initial pelagic growth of populations of this species. 6. Low numbers of vegetative filaments of Anabaena flos-aquae, Aphanizomenon flos-aquae and Oscillatoria agardhii were observed in the plankton through the winter. These small overwintering populations appeared to be the primary source of inocula for the large summer populations of these species.Notes: Cited References: BARBIERO RP, 1992, FRESHWATER BIOL, V27, P249 BARBIERO RP, 1993, ARCH HYDROBIOL, V127, P87 BARBIERO RP, 1994, J PLANKTON RES, V16, P1581 FALLON RD, 1981, FRESHWATER BIOL, V11, P217 FORSELL L, 1995, MAR FRESHWATER RES, V46, P287 FOY RH, 1980, BR PHYCOL J, V15, P279 GANF GG, 1983, AUST J MAR FRESH RES, V34, P755 HANSSON LA, 1993, OECOLOGIA, V94, P286 HANSSON LA, 1994, CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI, V51, P2825 HANSSON LA, 1996, LIMNOL OCEANOGR, V41, P1312 HEAD RM, 1996, THESIS LANCASTER U L HEAD RM, 1998, VERHANDLUNGEN INT VE, V26, P1711 HEANEY SI, 1983, BRIT PHYCOL J, V18, P47 HEANEY SI, 1986, INT REV GES HYDROBIO, V71, P441 HEANEY SI, 1992, EUROPHICATION RES AP, P199 ISTVANOVICS V, 1990, VERH INT VER LIMNOL, V24, P231 ISTVANOVICS V, 1993, J PLANKTON RES, V15, P531 JONES RI, 1979, HYDROBIOLOGIA, V62, P55 KAPPERS FI, 1976, HYDROBIOL B, V10, P164 KIRK JTO, 1994, LIGHT PHOTOSYNTHESIS LUND JWG, 1958, HYDROBIOLOGIA, V11, P143 LUND JWG, 1959, LIMNOL OCEANOGR, V4, P57 LUND JWG, 1961, VERH INT VEREIN THEO, V14, P147 LUND JWG, 1972, TAXONOMY BIOL BLUE G, P305 LYNCH M, 1980, AM SOC LIMNOL OCEANO, V3, P299 OSGOOD RA, 1988, HYDROBIOLOGIA, V169, P69 PAERL HW, 1988, GROWTH REPROD STRATE, P261 PETTERSSON K, 1990, VERH INT VER LIMNOL, V24, P236 PETTERSSON K, 1993, HYDROBIOLOGIA, V253, P123 PRESTON T, 1980, NATURE, V288, P365 RAMSBOTTOM AE, 1976, DEPTH CHARTS CUMBRIA REYNOLDS CS, 1972, FRESHWATER BIOL, V2, P87

REYNOLDS CS, 1973, P ROY SOC LOND B BIO, V184, P29 REYNOLDS CS, 1981, PHILOS T ROY SOC B, V293, P419 REYNOLDS CS, 1984, ECOLOGY FRESHWATER P REYNOLDS CS, 1987, ADV BOT RES, V13, P67 ROELOFS TD, 1970, LIMNOL OCEANOGR, V15, P224 ROTHER JA, 1977, P ROY SOC LOND B BIO, V196, P317 ROTT E, 1981, SCHWEIZ Z HYDROL, V43, P34 TAKAMURA N, 1984, J PLANKTON RES, V6, P1019 TALLING JF, 1963, C PRIM PROD MEAS MAR, P142 TALLING JF, 1983, EVALUATION HIST DATA TIKKANEN T, 1986, KASVIPLANKTONOPAS TRIMBEE AM, 1984, J PLANKTON RES, V6, P897 TRIMBEE AM, 1988, VERH INT VER THEOR A, V23, P220 WETZEL RG, 1991, LIMNOLOGICAL ANALEnglishURL: <Go to ISI>://000081929600009Author Address: Univ Lancaster, Dept Biol Sci, Inst Environm & Nat Sci, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, England. Inst Freshwater Ecol, Edinburgh Lab, Penicuik EH26 0QB, Midlothian, Scotland.Jones, RI, Univ Lancaster, Dept Biol Sci, Inst Environm & Nat Sci, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, England.

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 150Author: Cronberg, G.Year: 1999Title: Qualitative and quantitative investigations of phytoplankton in Lake Ringsjoen, Scania, SwedenJournal: HydrobiologiaVolume: 404Pages: 27-40Alternate Journal: HydrobiologiaAccession Number: 4693380Keywords: Sweden, Ringsjon L.; Lakes; Phytoplankton; Algae; DataCollections; Water Quality; Trophic Level; Nutrients; AlgalGrowth; Cyanophyta; Algal blooms; Sewage disposal; Nutrients(mineral); Pollution effects; Community composition; Restoration;Pollution control; Agricultural pollution; Biological poisons;Environmental restoration; Sweden, Ringsjoen L.; Fisheries;Diatoms; Eutrophic environments; Sweden; Cyanophyta; Anabaenalemmermannii; Gloeotrichia echinulata; Aphanizomenon; Microcystis;Melosira; Bacillariophyceae; Sweden, Malmoehus, Ringsjoen L.SW 0850 Lakes; Q1 01461 Plankton; Q5 01504 Effects on organisms; K03009 Algae; D 04627 Algae/lichensAbstract: The algal record from Lake Ringsjoen covers a period of more than 100 years. Towards the end of the 19th century, the lake

had a well-functioning commercial fishery, when a brownish mess began to appear in the water, clogging-up the fishing nets and making fishing difficult. This was the first record of algal problems in the lake. Following complaints from the fishermen, the algal flora was investigated and the mess was stated to be a mass development of diatoms belonging to the genus Melosira (Aulacoseira). Diatom maxima then appeared regularly in spring and autumn, whereas blue-green algae only occurred occasionally and in low abundances. Between 1900 and 1950, nutrient concentrations slowly increased in the lake. Algal blooms of Anabaena lemmermannii and Gloeotrichia echinulata began to appear in summer. Between 1960 and 1980, the lake developed into a hypertrophic status with extensive blooms of blue-green algae from May to October, including high biomasses of mainly Microcystis spp. This severe pollution started with increased usage of the lake, increased tourism and recreation, intensified farming with the introduction of artificial fertilization, and also the diversion of sewage water from a sewage treatment plant. In 1968, cattle death was reported and in 1981, algal toxicity was verified by mouse bioassay. After a period of extremely poor water quality, the lake began to show signs of improvement as a result of the nutrient and fish reduction programmes. The very heavy blooms of blue-green algae decreased and the duration of blooms became shorter. The Microcystis species were to a certain extent replaced by Anabaena and Aphanizomenon species, and biodiversity of algae increased. With respect to the algal community, the lake has improved considerably, but is still eutrophic and suffers summer blooms of toxic blue-green algae.Notes: 1 Jun 1999.0018-8158EnglishJournal ArticleAuthor Address: Department of Limnology, Institute of Ecology, Ecology Building, University of Lund, SE-223 62 Lund, Sweden

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 151Author: Annadotter, Helene; Cronberg, Gertrud; Aagren, Richard; Lundstedt, Bejron; Nilsson, Per-Ake; Strobeck, SvenYear: 1999Title: Multiple techniques for lake restorationJournal: HydrobiologiaVolume: 395/396Pages: 77-85Accession Number: AN 1999:695265Keywords: Lake waters (eutrophic; multiple techniques for remediation of eutrophic Lake Finjasjon (Sweden); Remediation (multiple techniques for remediation of eutrophic Lake Finjasjon

(Sweden); Nutrients; Phosphors (multiple techniques for remediation of eutrophic Lake Finjasjon (Sweden) in relation to content of)remediation eutrophic lake water Finjasjon SwedenAbstract: Lake Finjasjon is a shallow, eutrophic lake (area 1100 ha, mean depth 3 m, max. depth 13 m) in southern Sweden. In the 1920s, the lake was clear, with a summer Secci depth of ~2 m. During the first half of the 20th century, untreated sewage from the town polluted the lake. In the 1930s, the lake began to show eutrophic characteristics, and in the 1940s, the cyanobacterium Gloeotrichia echinulata dominated in summer. In 1949, the first municipal sewage treatment plant was built. The treatment was, however, insufficient, since the lake continued to be the recipient of the effluent with the result that the occurrence of cyanobacteria became more frequent. Species such as Microcystis and Anabaena caused skin rash and allergic symptoms among swimmers. The P load on Lake Finjasjon increased as the population of Hassleholm grew and reached a peak value of 65 tons annum-1 in 1965. In 1977, the sewage plant was rebuilt to include chem. flocculation, reducing the total external P load to ~5 tons annum-1. Despite this improvement the lake did not recover from its chronic and toxic cyanobacterial blooms. P-leaking black sediments were identified as the cause of the lake's failure to recover. Some 60% of lake-bed area is covered with sediments on av. 3 m thick. Dredging the sediments was started on a large scale in 1987. Five years later, 25% of the sediment area had been removed but the dredging was stopped since P continued to be released into the water from these areas. In 1992, a new restoration policy, a combination of further reduced external nutrient loading and food-web manipulation was initiated. A constructed wetland (30 ha) to reduce P and N was created in connection to the effluent from the sewage treatment plant. Protection zones along the feeder streams into Lake Finjasjon were also established. A cyprinid redn. program by trawling was carried out between 1992 and 1994. When it started, the fish community was composed of 90-95% bream and roach. After 2 yr of trawling, the ratio between piscivorous and planktivorous fish was 1:1. In 1994 and 1995, the transparency increased due to a considerably reduced biomass of phytoplankton and a radically altered phytoplankton community. The monoculture of Microcystis was replaced by a diverse phytoplankton community. The increased transparency made possible the development of submerged macrophytes such as Elodea, Myriophyllum and Potamogeton. The internal loading of P decreased dramatically in 1994 and 1995, possibly as a result of reduced sedimentation of phytoplankton. [on SciFinder (R)]Notes: CAN 131:31401261-5Water

Institute of Ecology, Department of Limnology,Lund University,Lund,Swed.Journal0018-8158written in English.479-61-8 (Chlorophyll a) Role: GOC (Geological or astronomical occurrence), OCCU (Occurrence) (multiple techniques for remediation of eutrophic Lake Finjasjon (Sweden) in relation to content of); 7439-89-6 (Iron) Role: GOC (Geological or astronomical occurrence), POL (Pollutant), OCCU (Occurrence) (multiple techniques for remediation of eutrophic Lake Finjasjon (Sweden) in relation to content of)

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 108Author: Allen, Judy R. M.; Huntley, BrianYear: 1999Title: Estimating Past Floristic Diversity in Montane Regions from Macrofossil AssemblagesJournal: Journal of BiogeographyVolume: 26Issue: 1Pages: 55-73Date: Jan.Keywords: Diversity, Macrofossils, Montane, Norway, Scotland, HoloceneAbstract: The relationship between the diversity of higher plant macrofossils in surface sediments of lakes and the surrounding vegetation is examined in two mountain regions; Grodalen in central Norway and the south-east Cairngorms in Scotland. Two lake sediment cores from each area were also analysed to examine vegetation history and to estimate changes in biodiversity through the Holocene. The diversity of present day vegetation in each region was estimated using both quadrat data and classified satellite images of the study areas. The mean surface sample macrofossil representation of species recorded in quadrats collected within 250 m of the lakes was c. 17%. This figure drops to only c. 2% when the satellite imagery of the same area is used to provide a maximal species list. The macrofossil data from the Norwegian cores show that deglaciation in this region occurred earlier on the mountain summit than in the valley and that the maximum tree line elevation was during the interval 9100-4400 $^{14}$C yr BP. In the Cairngorms the maximum tree line elevation was prior to c. 4500 $^{14}$C yr BP. The changes in higher plant diversity recorded at these sites through the Holocene show that c. 4000 $^{14}$C yr BP the reduction in the tree line resulted in decreased $\beta$-diversity at higher altitudes but an increase at the

lower altitude as the forest cover opened up. Under conditions of climatic warming it is likely areas that come to lie below the tree line will experience reduced diversity and that a permanent loss of biodiversity would result from a severe reduction in the area above the tree line.Notes: FLABiodiversity from Palaeoecological Data03050270Blackwell SciencelatexCopyright 1999 Blackwell Science, Inc.URL: http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0305-0270%28199901%2926%3A1%3C55%3AEPFDIM%3E2.0.CO%3B2-K

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 109Author: Adams, David G.; Duggan, Paula S.Year: 1999Title: Tansley Review No. 107 Heterocyst and Akiniete Differentiation in CyanobacteriaJournal: New PhytologistVolume: 144Issue: 1Pages: 3-33Date: Oct.Keywords: Cyanobacteria, Heterocyst, Akinete, Nitrogen Fixation, DifferentiationAbstract: Cyanobacteria are an ancient and morphologically diverse group of photosynthetic prokaryotes. They were the first organisms to evolve oxygenic photosynthesis, and so changed the Earth's atmosphere from anoxic to oxic. As a consequence, many nitrogen-fixing bacteria became confined to suitable anoxic environmental niches, because the enzyme nitrogenase is highly sensitive to oxygen. However, in the cyanobacteria a number of strategies evolved that protected nitrogenase from oxygen, including a temporal separation of oxygenic photosynthesis and nitrogen fixation and, in some filamentous strains, the differentiation of a specialized cell, the heterocyst, which provided a suitable microaerobic environment for the functioning of nitrogenase. The evolution of a spore-like cell, the akinete, almost certainly preceded that of the heterocyst and, indeed, the akinete may have been the ancestor of the heterocyst. Cyanobacteria have the capacity to differentiate several additional cell and filament types, but this review will concentrate on the heterocyst and the akinete, emphasizing the differentiation and spacing of these specialized cells.

Notes: FLA0028646xCambridge University PressCopyright 1999 New Phytologist TrustURL: http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0028-646X%28199910%29144%3A1%3C3%3ATRN1HA%3E2.0.CO%3B2-9

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 152Author: Stierle, Donald B.; Stierle, Andrea A.; Bugni, Tim; Loewen, GregYear: 1998Title: Gloeolactone, a New Epoxy Lactone from a Blue-Green AlgaJournal: Journal of Natural ProductsVolume: 61Issue: 2Pages: 251-252Accession Number: AN 1998:88092Keywords: Gloeotrichia (a new epoxy lactone from a blue-green alga); Toxins Role: BAC (Biological activity or effector, except adverse), BOC (Biological occurrence), BSU (Biological study, unclassified), PRP (Properties), PUR (Purification or recovery), BIOL (Biological study), OCCU (Occurrence), PREP (Preparation) (cytotoxins; gloeolactone, a new epoxy lactone from a blue-green alga); New natural products (gloeolactone); Molecular structure (of gloeolactone)gloeolactone toxin GloeotrichiaAbstract: A novel lactone, gloeolactone (I), has been isolated from the blue-green alga, Gloeotrichia sp. The structure of I was elucidated from a detailed anal. of the NMR spectra. I was shown to be toxic to brine shrimp. [on SciFinder (R)]Notes: CAN 128:9964210-1Microbial, Algal, and Fungal BiochemistryDepartment of Chemistry,Montana Tech of the University of Montana,Butte,MT,USA.Journal0163-3864written in English.198770-10-4P (Gloeolactone) Role: BAC (Biological activity or effector, except adverse), BOC (Biological occurrence), BSU (Biological study, unclassified), PRP (Properties), PUR (Purification or recovery), BIOL (Biological study), OCCU (Occurrence), PREP (Preparation) (a new epoxy lactone from a blue-green alga)

Reference Type: BookRecord Number: 153Author: Rodrigo, M. A.; Pierson, D. C.; Pettersson, K.; Kaup, E.; Padisak, J.Year: 1998Title: Sinking and floating rates of natural phytoplankton assemblages in Lake ErkenSeries Editor: Forsberg, C.; Petterson, K.City: Stuttgart (FRG)Publisher: Schweizerbart'sche VerlagsbuchhandlungISBN: 0071-11283510470532Accession Number: 4418996Keywords: Phytoplankton; Sinking; Chlorophylls; Dominant species; Lightintensity; Bacillariophyceae; Cyanophyta; Cryptophyta;Chrysophyta; Gloeotrichia echinulata; Sweden, Erken L.FreshwaterQ1 01461 PlanktonAbstract: Sinking rates of the <120 mu m size phytoplankton fraction of water from Lake Erken were determined during the summer 1992 by following the increase of chlorophyll a in the 10 ml-bottom layer in replicate 100 ml settling cylinders. Changes in chlorophyll a concentrations as a function of incubation time allowed two fractions to be separated. Fast sinking rates varied between values of 1.9 m/day when pennate and centric diatoms and coccal cyanobacteria were dominant (in cell concentration) and values of 0.5 m/day when cryptophytes and chrysophytes dominated the <120 mu m size fraction. Slow sinking rates decreased from 0.04 m/day at the beginning of July to 0.02 m/day in late July. Photosynthesis-Irradiance parameters (P super(B)max, light saturated photosynthesis and alpha super(B), light limited photosynthesis) were lower in the fast sinking fraction (P super(B)max = 1.3-2.4 mu gC/ mu gChl /h and alpha super(B) = 0.01-0.04 mu gC/ mu gChl/h/( mu E/m super(2)/s) than in the slow or non-sinking one (P super(B)max = 3.9-6.4 mu gC/kgChl/h and alpha super(B) = 0.03-0.08 mu gC/ mu gChl/h/( mu E/m super(2)/s). P super(B)max and alpha super(B) of the planktonic Gloeotrichia echinulata, a colonial bloom-forming cyanobacterium, were similar to those found in the fast sinking fraction. Mean floating rates of G. echinulata were around 43 m/d from 15 to 27 July and increased by a factor of two afterwards. G. echinulata colonies migrating upwards from sediments and captured in inverted traps showed a mean floating rate of 104 m/d.Notes: Lake Erken -- 50 years of limnological research. pp. 143-156. [Adv. Limnol.]. no. 51, 1998.Referred to also as Archiv fuer Hydrobiologie. Spec. issue: Ergebnisse

der Limnologie. Incl. bibliogr.: 64 refs.EnglishBook MonographAuthor Address: Department Microbiologia i Ecologia, Fac. Biologia, Univ. Valencia, E-46100 Burjassot, Spain

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 154Author: Pettersson, KurtYear: 1998Title: Mechanisms for internal loading of phosphorus in lakesJournal: HydrobiologiaVolume: 373/374Pages: 21-25Accession Number: AN 1998:703908Keywords: Cyanobacteria; Eutrophication; Gloeotrichia echinulata; Lake sediments; Water pollution (mechanisms for internal loading of phosphorus in lakes)phosphorus internal loading lake water pollution; sediment lake phosphorus internal loadingAbstract: Lake sediments play an important role in the phosphorus metab. in lakes. The impact depends on the tendencies to retain and to release phosphorus.The internal loading will often det. the eutrophication status of the lake and the time lag for recovery after redn. of the external loading. Internal loading is most important during the summer. The potential source of phosphorus in the surficial sediments is very large in comparison to the pools in the water column. This means that even if only a very small amt. is released, it will have significant impact on the phosphorus concn. in the lake water. The distribution of phosphorus forms in sediments have been investigated since the 1950s. Generally, vertical profiles of sediment phosphorus content, expressed on dry wt. basis, show an increasing total content towards the sediment surface. The vertical profile continues up into the water when looking at the particulate matter. A no. of environmental factors are important in the mobilization processes. Most studies indicate that sediment bacteria have a significant role in uptake, storage and release of phosphorus including anaerobic release of iron-bound phosphorus. Several phytoplankton species have resting stages overwintering on the sediment. When growth is induced, they leave their habitat in order to shift their life-form to a pelagic one. In Lake Erken the cyanobacteria Gloeotrichia echinulata has been shown to contribute significantly to the internal loading of phosphorus during the summer. [on SciFinder (R)]Notes: CAN 130:5673461-2Water

Erken Laboratory, Institute of Limnology,Uppsala University,Norr Malma,Swed.Journal0018-8158written in English.7723-14-0 (Phosphorus) Role: POL (Pollutant), OCCU (Occurrence) (mechanisms for internal loading of phosphorus in lakes)

Reference Type: BookRecord Number: 155Author: Forsell, L.Year: 1998Title: Migration from the littoral zone as an inoculum for phytoplanktonSeries Editor: Forsberg, C.; Petterson, K.City: Stuttgart (FRG)Publisher: Schweizerbart'sche VerlagsbuchhandlungISBN: 0071-11283510470532Accession Number: 4418988Keywords: Phytoplankton; Colonization; Survival; Sediment structure;Gloeotrichia echinulata; Sweden, Erken L.FreshwaterQ1 01461 PlanktonAbstract: During the decline of the pelagic population of Gloeotrichia echinulata in Lake Erken a substantial amount of akinete-containing colonies are driven into the shallow bays and up onto the shorelines. In order to evaluate the survival and potential significance of these akinetes as an inoculum for next years pelagic population, their capacity to survive a winter on dry ground was tested and the akinete-containing colonies in the sediments of a shallow bay were quantified. The concentration of akinetes was higher in these shallow areas than in the deeper parts of the lake; but the incomparably highest numbers per m super(2) were found more or less on the shoreline. The experiments showed that the akinetes were still able to germinate after six winter months on land. These studies indicate that the main part of the recruitment of new G. echinulata colonies could come from the littoral areas. Potentially this could also be true for other species, suggesting that it is important to include the littoral zone in further studies on seasonal migration.Notes: Lake Erken -- 50 years of limnological research. pp. 21-27. [Adv. Limnol.]. no. 51, 1998.Referred to also as Archiv fuer Hydrobiologie. Spec. issue: Ergebnisse der Limnologie.EnglishBook Monograph

Author Address: Institute of Limnology, Uppsala University, S-75236 Uppsala, Sweden

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 156Author: Bell, Russel T.; Stensdotter, Ulrika; Pettersson, Kurt; Istanovics, Vera; Pierson, Donald C.Year: 1998Title: Microbial dynamics and phosphorus turnover in Lake ErkenJournal: Advances in LimnologyVolume: 51Issue: Lake ErkenPages: 1-20Accession Number: AN 1998:455706Keywords: Lake waters (eutrophic; microbial dynamics and phosphorus turnover in Lake Erken (Sweden); Growth (microbial dynamics and phosphorus turnover in Lake Erken (Sweden); Bacterioplankton; Phytoplankton; Protozoa (microbial dynamics and phosphorus turnover in Lake Erken (Sweden) in relation to)microbial dynamics phosphorus turnover lake Sweden; bacterioplankton dynamics phosphorus turnover lake Sweden; phytoplankton dynamics phosphorus turnover lake Sweden; protozoa dynamics phosphorus turnover lake Sweden; eutrophic lake microbial dynamics phosphorus turnoverAbstract: The aim was to couple microbial dynamics with measures of nutrient stress during the period of summer stratification (June through August, 1988) in the epilimnion in mesotrophic Lake Erken, Sweden. Two weekly measurements were made including bacterial abundance and prodn. (thymidine incorporation), chl a, primary prodn., nanoflagellate and ciliate abundances, alk. phosphatase activity (APA), phosphate turnover time, and the phosphorus deficiency index (PDI; rate of light satd. photosynthesis divided by the max. phosphate uptake velocity). The lake was characterized by 3 periods with different phytoplankton strategies for acquiring P. In early June when flagellates were >90% of phytoplankton biomass and ~67% of the flagellates were potential bacteriovores, flagellate grazing roughly match bacterial mortality, and ~50% of the flagellate P needs were potentially met by ingesting bacteria. During July, when bacterial prodn. was greatest, bacterial abundance remained const. at ~1 * 109/L. At this time potential flagellate bacteriovory constituted >25% of bacterial mortality. Densities of the small cladocerans, Diphanosoma brachyrum, and Daphnia cucullata, reached >100/L in late July and were likely the dominant bacterivores. The PDI increased from indicating severe P deficiency in June to moderate P deficiency in July. By August, the phytoplankton community was ~50% composed of the 2 N2-fixing cynobacteria, Anabaena sp. and Gloeotrichia echinulata.

These cyanobacteria have internal P stores, and the PDI showed low P deficiency with the dominance of cyanobacteria, heterotrophic bacterial prodn. decreased by an order of magnitude, but the exact cause for the decline was not evident. During late July, ~20% of the bacteria were in \"aggregate\" that were a refuge from grazing. The large bacteria in the aggregates were probably a \"sink\" for nutrients conomita with the rapid turnover of the free planktonic bacteria. Thus bacteria as do algae have growth forms that escape grazing. [on SciFinder (R)]Notes: CAN 129:7173961-1WaterInst. Limnology,Uppsala Univ.,Uppsala,Swed.Journal0071-1128written in English.479-61-8 (Chlorophyll a); 9001-78-9; 14265-44-2 (Phosphate) Role: BSU (Biological study, unclassified), GOC (Geological or astronomical occurrence), BIOL (Biological study), OCCU (Occurrence) (microbial dynamics and phosphorus turnover in Lake Erken (Sweden) in relation to); 7723-14-0 (Phosphorus) Role: BAC (Biological activity or effector, except adverse), BSU (Biological study, unclassified), GOC (Geological or astronomical occurrence), BIOL (Biological study), OCCU (Occurrence) (nutrient; microbial dynamics and phosphorus turnover in Lake Erken (Sweden)

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 157Author: Sonnichsen, Jennifer D.; Jacoby, Jean; Welch, Eugene B.Year: 1997Title: Response of cyanobacterial migration to alum treatment in Green LakeJournal: Archiv fuer HydrobiologieVolume: 140Issue: 3Pages: 373-392Accession Number: AN 1997:754845Keywords: Lake sediments (eutrophic lake sediments; effect of alum treatment on P release from); Lakes (eutrophic; response of cyanobacterial migration to alum treatment in eutrophic Green Lake (Seattle, USA); Coelosphaerium naegelianum; Cyanobacteria (response of cyanobacterial migration to alum treatment in eutrophic Green Lake (Seattle, USA)alum treatment eutrophic lake cyanobacterium migration; cyanobacterium migration alum Green Lake USA; phosphorous release

lake sediment alum treatmentAbstract: The response of sediment-to-water migration of cyanobacteria to Al sulfate (buffered with Na aluminate) treatment was studied in shallow Green Lake (Seattle, USA). A comparison of results from 2 summers before treatment and 3 summers after treatment indicates that migration of cyanobacteria was unaffected. Migration of Gloeotrichia echinulata continued to be highly variable from year-to-year which made isolation of the effects of treatment difficult. Migration of other species of cyanobacteria, particularly Coelosphaerium naegelianum, increased after treatment. The colonial P content of migrating Gloeotrichia echinulata was also unaffected by the treatment, indicating that alum did not interfere with P uptake from the sediments. Illumination at the sediment surface did not regulate migration of cyanobacteria under the study conditions. Although alum treatment did not affect the migration of cyanobacteria, sediment P release in anoxic cores was reduced to 1/3 of the pre-treatment rate. [on SciFinder (R)]Notes: CAN 128:2654961-1WaterEnvironmental Eng. Sci. Program, Dep. Civil Eng.,Univ. Washington,Seattle,WA,USA.Journal0003-9136written in English.7723-14-0 (Phosphorus) Role: GOC (Geological or astronomical occurrence), PEP (Physical, engineering or chemical process), OCCU (Occurrence), PROC (Process) (effect of alum treatment on P release from eutrophic lake sediments); 1302-42-7 (Sodium aluminate) Role: BAC (Biological activity or effector, except adverse), BSU (Biological study, unclassified), MOA (Modifier or additive use), BIOL (Biological study), USES (Uses) (response of cyanobacterial migration in eutrophic Green Lake (Seattle, USA) to treatment by alum buffered with); 10043-01-3 (Alum) Role: BAC (Biological activity or effector, except adverse), BSU (Biological study, unclassified), BIOL (Biological study) (response of cyanobacterial migration to alum treatment in eutrophic Green Lake (Seattle, USA)

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 158Author: Pitois, S. G.; Jackson, M. H.; Wood, B. J. B.Year: 1997Title: Summer bloom of Gloeotrichia echinulata and Aphanizomenon flos-aquae and phosphorus levels in Antermony Loch, central ScotlandJournal: International Journal of Environmental Health Research

Volume: 7Issue: 2Pages: 131-140Accession Number: AN 1997:471997Keywords: Algae; Aphanizomenon flos-aquae; Gloeotrichia echinulata; Reservoir sediments; Water pollution (summer bloom of Gloeotrichia echinulata and Aphanizomenon flos-aquae and phosphorus levels in Antermony Loch, central Scotland); Nitrates; Nitrites Role: GOC (Geological or astronomical occurrence), POL (Pollutant), OCCU (Occurrence) (summer bloom of Gloeotrichia echinulata and Aphanizomenon flos-aquae and phosphorus levels in Antermony Loch, central Scotland)Gloeotrichia echinulata summer bloom; Aphanizomenon flos aquae summer bloom; bloom Gloeotrichia Aphanizomenon phosphorus Antermony LochAbstract: Nutrient levels (P and N) were measured in a small reservoir in Scotland between Mar. 1994 and Oct. 1995. Algae species were identified. Dense blooms of Gloeotrichia echinulata have regularly occurred in late summer in the reservoir for many years, but it did not reach bloom proportions during the 1995 summer and seemed to have been replaced by Aphanizomenon. The bloom of the cyanobacterium Gloeotrichia echinulata that occurred in August 1994 was studied in relation to P levels present at the time in the water. Results show that the bloom developed after a slight increase in dissolved inorg. P; while the bloom was developing, particulate inorg. forms of P increased and were then replaced by particulate org. forms when the bloom reached its max. d. All P fractions started to decrease shortly before the bloom collapsed. There did not seem to be any change in the distribution of P between its different fractions, at least during the 1st 24 h after collection when the sample was kept in a refrigerator in the dark. We therefore conclude that Gloeotrichia echinulata was probably responsible for transferring P from the sediments up to the water column in Antermony. [on SciFinder (R)]Notes: CAN 127:12620061-2WaterEnvironmental Health Division,University of Strathclyde,Glasgow,UK.Journal0960-3123written in English.7664-41-7 (Ammonia); 7723-14-0 (Phosphorus); 7727-37-9 (Nitrogen) Role: GOC (Geological or astronomical occurrence), POL (Pollutant), OCCU (Occurrence) (summer bloom of Gloeotrichia echinulata and Aphanizomenon flos-aquae and phosphorus levels in Antermony Loch, central Scotland)

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 159Author: Perakis, Steven S.; Welch, Eugene B.; Jacoby, Jean M.Year: 1996Title: Sediment-to-water blue-green algal recruitment in response to alum and environmental factorsJournal: HydrobiologiaVolume: 318Issue: 3Pages: 165-177Accession Number: AN 1996:276391Keywords: Anabaena; Aphanizomenon; Coelosphaerium; Coelosphaerium naegelianum; Cyanobacteria; Environmental transport; Gloeotrichia echinulata; Microcystis (sediment-to-water blue-green algal recruitment in response to alum and environmental factors); Geological sediments; Waters (lake, sediment-to-water blue-green algal recruitment in response to alum and environmental factors)sediment water blue green algae alumAbstract: The sediment-to-water recruitment of blue-green algae was investigated in a shallow lake following treatment with aluminum sulfate and sodium aluminate to control sediment P release. A comparison of results from 2 summers each before and after treatment indicates that the treatment did not universally impact the recruitment of either sporulating or non-sporulating forms of blue-green algae. Blooms of Anabaena, Aphanizomenon, and Coelosphaerium resulted predominantly from growth in the water column following strong recruitment episodes lasting ?2 wk, while Microcystis populations were relatively insensitive to periodically high inputs from recruitment. The development of planktonic populations of Gloeotrichia echinulata, by contrast, were largely dependent on sustained recruitment in response to adequate light and temp. regimes at the sediment surface. The cellular P content of recruited G. echinulata colonies was unaffected by the accumulation of aluminum floc to the lake sediments. Both G. echinulata and C. naegelianum showed elevated levels of cellular P in newly recruited colonies as compared to planktonic colonies, indicating P transport from the sediments to the water column. Total P translocation by blue-green algae was negligible in the absence of a substantial recruitment of G. echinulata. The recruitment of G. echinulata, and hence the magnitude of P translocation, was therefore more responsive to environmental conditions prevalent at the sediments than to direct effects of the treatment itself. [on SciFinder (R)]Notes: CAN 124:32464261-1

WaterDepartment Civil Engineering,University Washington,Seattle,WA,USA.Journal0018-8158written in English.10043-01-3 (Aluminum sulfate) Role: BSU (Biological study, unclassified), NUU (Other use, unclassified), BIOL (Biological study), USES (Uses) (sediment-to-water blue-green algal recruitment in response to alum and environmental factors); 7723-14-0 (Phosphorus); 7782-44-7 (Oxygen) Role: GOC (Geological or astronomical occurrence), OCCU (Occurrence) (sediment-to-water blue-green algal recruitment in response to alum and environmental factors); 11138-49-1 (Sodium aluminate) Role: NUU (Other use, unclassified), USES (Uses) (sediment-to-water blue-green algal recruitment in response to alum and environmental factors)

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 160Author: Noges, T.; Haberman, J.; Jaani, A.; Laugaste, R.; Lokk, S.; Maeemets, A.; Noges, P.; Pihu, E.; Starast, H.; Timm, T.; Virro, T.Year: 1996Title: General description of Lake Peipsi-PihkvaJournal: HydrobiologiaVolume: 338Issue: 1-3Pages: 1-9Date: NovAccession Number: 4037577Keywords: limnology; chemical limnology; physicochemical properties;eutrophic lakes; hydrology; vegetation cover; communitycomposition; food webs; lake fisheries; commercial species;primary production; Estonia, Peipsi L.; Europe, Peipus L.Russia, Peipsi-Pihkva L.; Estonia, Peipsi-Pihkva L.; Russia,Pskovskaya, Chudskoye L.; chemical limnology; vegetation cover;community composition; food webs; commercial species; primaryproductionFreshwaterQ2 02144 Regional studies, expeditions and data reports; SW 0850LakesAbstract: Lake Peipsi-Pihkva (3555 km super(2), mean depth 8.3 m), consisting of three parts, (L. Peipsi, L. Pihkva, L. Laemmijaerv) is located on the border of Estonia and Russia. L. Peipsi belongs to unstratified eutrophic lakes with mesotrophic features, L. Laemmijaerv has some dyseutrophic features, while L. Pihkva is strongly eutrophic.

The total annual nutrient load is 15.57 tons N/km super(2) and 327 kgP/km super(2) with 74% of N and 39% of P originating from agriculture. The mean concentrations of total N and P in the lake are 876 mg/m super(3) and 46 mg/m super(3), respectively, both being the highest in L. Pihkva and the lowest in the northern part of L. Peipsi. Average pH is 8.14 and Secchi disk transparency 1.63 m. Diatoms and blue-green algae prevail in phytoplankton biomass. The blue-greens Gloeotrichia echinulata and Aphanizomenon flos-aquae dominate in summer causing the water-blooms. The concentration of Chla was the lowest in the northern part of L. Peipsi (mean 14.7 mg/m super(3)) and the highest in the southern part of L. Pihkva (mean 47.9 m/m super(3), median 16.3 m/m super(3)). An increase of Chla and decrease of Secchi depth could be noticed in 1983-1988, while in 1988-1994 the tendency was opposite. The long-term average primary production is 0.8 g C/m super(2) /d. Zooplankton is remarkably rich in species, the average biomass in the vegetative period being 2-3 g m super(-3) and production 22 g C /m super(2). The role of rotifers in production is 53% followed by that of cladocerans (30%), copepods (16%) and Dreissena polymorpha larvae (1%). The total count of bacteria is 1-9 million cells per ml. Chironomus plumosus and Potamothrix hammoniensis are dominating in the profundal. The average abundance of macrozoobenthos (without big molluscs) 2617 ind./m super(2), and their biomass 12.34 g/m super(2) are considered to be the highest among the large lakes of North Europe. Macroflora occupies a small percentage of the total lake area but is rich in species. Taxa forming communities are Potamogeton perfoliatus, Phragmites australis, Schoenoplectus lacustris, Potamogeton lucens, Eleocharis palustris, and Polygonum amphibium. Submerged vegetation occupies the first place amongst different growth forms, followed by emergent plants. The main commercial fishes are lake smelt, perch, ruff, roach, bream, pike, vendace and pikeperch. The stock of vendace has sharply decreased in the last years, while the amount of pikeperch has increased. Considering annual fish catches (9000-12000 tons or 25-34 kg/ha), L. Peipsi-Pihkva exceeds all large lakes in North Europe.Notes: 0018-8158Special issue: Biology of Lake Peipsi.EnglishJournal ArticleAuthor Address: Inst. Zool. and Botany Estonian Acad. Sci., Vortsjaerv Limnological Stn., EE2454, Rannu, Tartumaa, Estonia

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 161Author: Laugaste, R.; Jastremskij, V. V.; Ott, I.Year: 1996Title: Phytoplankton of Lake Peipsi-Pihkva: species composition,

biomass and seasonal dynamicsJournal: HydrobiologiaVolume: 338Issue: 1-3Pages: 49-62Accession Number: AN 1997:100854Keywords: Aphanizomenon flos-aquae; Aulacoseira granulata; Aulacoseira islandica; Gloeotrichia echinulata; Lake waters; Phytoplankton; Stephanodiscus binderanus (phytoplankton of Lake Peipsi-Pihkva of Estonia and species compn. and biomass and seasonal dynamics)phytoplankton Lake Peipsi Pihkva seasonal dynamicAbstract: With 33 yr of phytoplankton quant. studies carried out, a series of qual. data with a length of over 80 yr is at our disposal. About 500 algal species have been found in plankton by different researchers. In different seasons and years 35 main species (dominants and subdominants) form 68-96% of biomass in L. Pihkva (southern, more eutrophic part) and 60-97% in L. Peipsi (northern, less eutrophic part). L. Lammijarv, connecting the two parts is similar to L. Pihkva in respect to phytoplankton and the trophic state. Diatoms and blue-green algae prevail in biomass, diatoms and green algae, in the species no. The oligo-mesotrophic Aulacoseira islandica (O. Muller) Sim. is characteristic of the cool period; A. granulata (Ehr.) Sim. and Stephanodiscus binderanus (Kutz.) Krieger prevail in summer and autumn, the latter being most abundant in the southern part. Gloeotrichia echinulata (J.S. Smith) P. Richter and Aphanizomenon flos-aquae (L.) Ralfs dominate in summer causing water-bloom. Phytoplankton has mostly three maxima in seasonal dynamics in L. Peipsi and 2 in L. Pihkva. Its av. biomass in spring in different years has fluctuated in the range 5.6-16 and 6-12.7 g/m3, in summer 3.1-14.8 and 5.6-125 (10-20 in most cases); and in autumn 7-16.3 and 5.2-26 in the northern and southern parts, resp. The dominant complex has not changed considerably since 1909; however, the distribution of dominant species in lake parts has become more even in the last decades. Periods of high biomass occurred in the 1st half of the 1960s and 1970s and in 1988-1994, of low biomass in 1981-1987. The 1st coincided, in general, with periods of low water level and high water temp. [on SciFinder (R)]Notes: CAN 126:13527261-1WaterInstitute of Zoology and Botany,Estonian Academy of Sciences, Vortsjarv Limnological Station,Tartumaa,Estonia.Journal0018-8158written in English.

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 107Author: Hansson, Lars-AndersYear: 1996Title: Algal Recruitment from Lake Sediments in Relation to Grazing, Sinking, and Dominance Patterns in the Phytoplankton CommunityJournal: Limnology and OceanographyVolume: 41Issue: 6Pages: 1312-1323Date: Sep.Abstract: I assessed the importance of algal recruitment from the sediment surface to the water relative to other population variables such as grazing, and sinking. In four low-productivity lake basins, which were stratified throughout the study, 32% of the identified algal taxonomic groups exhibited recruitment, whereas the other 68% spent their entire lives in the pelagic habitat. For most species, recruitment from sediment to water occurred primarily at shallow depths (<8 m) and often increased total phytoplankton abundance by 10-50% per day. Grazing was the main loss process, reducing algal abundance by usually between 10 and 50% per day; sinking rates were usually one order of magnitude lower. Recruitment was highest in shallow water (<10 m deep); when maximum recruitment occurred below the thermocline, no relation was found between recruitment and abundance in the euphotic zone, suggesting that the thermocline functioned as a physical barrier for algal vertical migration. In there of the lakebasins, recruiting algae dominated more often than expected by chance (P <0.05), suggesting a competitive advantage with the adaptation to perform recruitment. Successful recruitment may have a considerable impact on dominance patterns in the phytoplankton community.Notes: FLA00243590American Society of Limnology and OceanographyCopyright 1996 American Society of Limnology and OceanographyURL: http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0024-3590%28199609%2941%3A6%3C1312%3AARFLSI%3E2.0.CO%3B2-J

Reference Type: BookRecord Number: 162Author: Gromov, B. V.; Vepritsky, A. A.; Mamkaeva, K. A.; Voloshko, L. N.Year: 1996

Title: A survey of toxicity of cyanobacterial blooms in Lake Ladoga and adjacent water bodiesSeries Editor: Simola, H.; Viljanen, M.; Slepukhina, T.; Murthy, R.Number of Pages: 149-151ISBN: 0018-8158Accession Number: 3931541Keywords: algal blooms; biological poisons; community composition; toxicitytests; toxicity; algae; surveys; toxins; Cyanophyta; Oscillatoria;Cyanophyta; Anabaena circinalis; Anabaena flos-aquae; Anabaenalemmermannii; Aphanizomenon flos-aquae; Gloeotrichia pisum;Microcystis aeruginosa; OscillatoriaRussia, Ladoga L.; toxins; biological poisons; toxicity tests;algal blooms; community composition; Anabaena circinalis; Anabaenaflos-aquae; Anabaena lemmermannii; Aphanizomenon flos-aquae;Gloeotrichia pisum; Microcystis aeruginosaFreshwaterQ5 01524 Public health, medicines, dangerous organisms; D 04627Algae/lichens; K 03039 Algae; X 24172 Plants; SW 3020 Sources andfate of pollution; K 03009 Algae; SW 3010 Identification ofpollutantsAbstract: Twentyfive cyanobacterial blooms in Lake Ladoga and adjacent water bodies were studied in the summer of 1990-1992. Toxicity of the water bloom material for mice was detected in 9 cases. The maximal tolerable doses (MTD) of the material extracted from biomass varied within 3-30 mg kg super(-1) mouse body weight; 50% lethal doses (LD sub(50)) were within 45-125 mg kg super(-1). Toxic water blooms were registered in Karelian lakes and in the Neva Bay, Gulf of Finland. Cyanobacterial samples collected on the eastern coast of Lake Ladoga proved to be non-toxic. The species identified in toxic bloom material included Anabaena circinalis, A. flos-aquae, A. lemmermannii, Anabaena sp., Aphanizomenon flos-aquae, Gloeotrichia echinulata, G. pisum, Microcystis aeruginosa and Oscillatoria sp. These data suggest that toxic forms of cyanobacteria are widespread in Karelian lakes belonging to the drainage basin of Lake Ladoga.Notes: 1. Int. Lake Ladoga Symp., St. Petersburg (Russia), 22-26 Nov 1993Proceedings of the first international lake ladoga symposium: ecological problems of lake ladoga held in st. petersburg, russia, 22-26 november 1993., 1996Hydrobiologia, vol. 322, no. 1-3EnglishBook Monograph; ConferenceAuthor Address: Biol. Inst., St. Petersburg Univ., Oranienbaumskoye sch. 2, Stary Peterhof, St. Petersburg 198904, Russia

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 46Author: Goedkoop, Willem; Johnson, Richard K.Year: 1996Title: Pelagic-Benthic Coupling: Profundal Benthic Community Response to Spring Diatom Deposition in Mesotrophic Lake ErkenJournal: Limnology and OceanographyVolume: 41Issue: 4Pages: 636-647Date: Jun.Abstract: Phytodetrital sedimentation, bacterial activity in sediments, and benthic macro- and meiofauna abundance were measured to calculate a carbon budget for pelagic-benthic coupling in Lake Erken. Bacterial activity in surficial sediment was limited by temperature in spring, although a significant correlation with the input of spring-bloom phytodetritus was noted. Population dynamics of benthic meiofauna during a period of increased food availability in spring were highly taxon-specific and closely correlated to feeding behavior. Abundances of ostracods and nematodes rapidly increased when phytodetritus became available in hypolimnetic water and surficial sediment, respectively. Considerable time lags (months) were found between phytodetritus deposition and population development of harpacticoid copepods and chydorids. Carbon budget calculations based on sedimentation data (traps) and surficial sediment C content showed that during spring between 1.1 and 7.2% of deposited phytodetritus is assimilated by benthic meiofauna, whereas the dominant macroinvertebrates, sedentary chironomids, assimilated between 2.4 and 6.0%. On average, between 1.9 and 12.4% of the deposited phytodetritus was mineralized by sediment bacteria. A significant negative correlation was found between abundances of benthic meiofauna and bacteria in the sediment. Chlorophyll a analysis of surficial sediment was a necessary, complementary tool to detect sedimentation that weas not detected by the traditional, cylindric sediment traps.Notes: FLA00243590American Society of Limnology and OceanographylatexCopyright 1996 American Society of Limnology and OceanographyURL: http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0024-3590%28199606%2941%3A4%3C636%3APCPBCR%3E2.0.CO%3B2-L

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 45

Author: Epp, Gregory T.Year: 1996Title: Grazing on Filamentous Cyanobacteria by Daphnia pulicariaJournal: Limnology and OceanographyVolume: 41Issue: 3Pages: 560-567Date: MayAbstract: I conducted short-term grazer-gradient experiments to assess direct mortality effects of Daphnia pulicaria on phytoplankton species in natural lake phytoplankton assemblages that contained 20-80% filamentous cyanobateria by biovolume. Filamentous cyanobacteria often interfere with feeding by large cladoceran zooplankton such as D. pulicaria and can limit their distribution, yet some D. pulicaria populations coexist with filamentous cyanobacteria. In my trials, D. pulicaria from Oneida Lake and Cazenovia Lake, New York, consumed three species of filamentous cyanobacteria (Aphanizomenon flos-aquae, Anabaena flos-aquae, Anabaena wisconsinense) but avoided three other species of Anabaena. Despite high filament concentrations, Daphnia consumed diatoms, flagellates, and chlorococcales and reduced overall phytoplankton abundance. Coexistence of Daphnia and filamentous cyanobacteria in these lakes apparently is facilitated by undeterred consumption of some species and avoidance of others, without substantial interference.Notes: FLANotes00243590American Society of Limnology and OceanographyCopyright 1996 American Society of Limnology and OceanographyURL: http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0024-3590%28199605%2941%3A3%3C560%3AGOFCBD%3E2.0.CO%3B2-9

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 163Author: Sonnichsen, J. D.; Jacoby, J. M.; Welch, E. B.; Bachmann, R. W.; Jones, J. R.; Peters, R. H.; Soballe, D. M.Year: 1995Title: Response of blue-green algal migration and trophic state to alum addition in Green Lake (Seattle, WA)Journal: Lake and Reservoir ManagementVolume: 11Issue: 2Pages: 191Alternate Journal: Lake Reserv. Manage.Accession Number: 3962194

Keywords: algae; alum; trophic level; lakes; water treatment; water qualitycontrol; sediment-water exchanges; trophic structure; meiobenthos;USA, Washington, Green L.; USA, Washington, Seattle, Green L.sediment-water exchanges; aluminum compounds; trophic structure;meiobenthos; alum; trophic levelFreshwaterSW 3070 Water quality control; Q1 01482 Ecosystems and energetics;Q5 01505 Prevention and control; SW 0850 Lakes; Q1 01462 BenthosAbstract: The response of sediment-to-water migration of blue-green algae and trophic state indicators to aluminum sulfate (alum) buffered with sodium aluminate treatment was studies in a shallow lake. A comparison of results from two summers before treatment and three summers after treatment indicates that migration of blue-green algae was unaffected. Migration of Gloeotrichia echinulat continues to be highly variable from year to year making isolation of the effects of treatment difficult. Migration of other blue-green species, particularly Coelosphaerium, has increased after treatment. The colonial phosphorus content of migrating Gloeotrichia was unaffected by the treatment indicating that alum did not interfere with phosphorus uptake from the sediments. Experimental results revealed that illumination at the sediment surface did not regulate migration of blue-green algae under the study conditions. The trophic state of the lake after the alum treatment met program goals for transparency (2.5 m) and total phosphorus (30 mu g/L), despite the lack of dilution water, which previously maintained lake water quality. Following alum treatment, sediment phosphorus release was reduced to one-third of the pre-treatment rate.Notes: 15. Annual International Symposium of the North American Lake Management Society, Toronto, ON (Canada), 6-11 Nov 199519950743-8141Summary only.EnglishJournal Article; Conference; SummaryAuthor Address: Dep. Civ. Eng., Univ. Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA

Reference Type: BookRecord Number: 164Author: Pettersson, K.; Forsell, L.; Hasselrot, A. T.Year: 1995Title: Horizontal distribution patterns during a cyanobacterial bloomSeries Editor: Mur, L. R.; Visser, P. M.; Reith, H.Number of Pages: 139-142ISBN: 0273-1223

0080428800Accession Number: 3880720Keywords: algal blooms; horizontal distribution; eutrophic lakes;phytoplankton; algae; distribution; stratification; Cyanophyta;CyanophytaSweden, Erken L.; Gleotrichia echinulata; algal blooms; horizontaldistributionQ1 01461 Plankton; SW 0850 LakesAbstract: A hierarchical sampling was performed in order to give a picture of the horizontal distribution of cyanobacterial colonies. It showed how the importance of different scales in distance changed during the summer bloom of Gloeotrichia echinulata in the moderately eutrophic and stratified Lake Erken in southeastern Sweden. G. echinulata colonies occurred in patches at a distance of similar to 1000 m and the variance at smaller scales was low. For colony content of phosphorus, chlorophyll a and size, however, the largest variances were found at the 20 m (and error) scale if the variances between dates are not taken into account. It was concluded that in order to estimate the lake population of cyanobacterial colonies properly these variances must be considered when deciding the sampling program.Notes: Conf. on Selection Mechanisms Controlling Biomass Distribution, Noordwijkerhout (Netherlands), 11-15 Dec 1994Iawq-sil conference on selection mechanisms controlling biomass distribution, held in noordwijkerhout, the netherlands, 11-15 december 1994., 1995Water Science and Technology [WATER SCI. TECHNOL.], vol. 32, no. 4EnglishBook Monograph; ConferenceAuthor Address: Uppsala Univ., Inst. Limnology, Erken Lab., Norr Malma 4200, S-761 73 Norrtaelje, Sweden

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 105Author: Istvanovics, Vera; Herodek, SandorYear: 1995Title: Estimation of Net Uptake and Leakage Rates of Orthophosphate from $^32 P-Uptake$ Kinetics by a Linear Force-Flow ModelJournal: Limnology and OceanographyVolume: 40Issue: 1Pages: 17-32Date: Jan.Abstract: $^32 P-uptake$ kinetics of extremely P-deficient planktonic microorganisms were analyzed in shallow Lake Balaton by means of a conceptual model of P uptake. According to the model, net P uptake is a linear function of the driving force of the uptake and ceases below a

substrate threshold for energetic reasons. We estimated net P-uptake and P-leakage rates from $^32 P-uptake$ data. The study period (January-May 1992) covered development, steady state growth, and collapse of a typical spring diatom bloom. $^32 P$ incorporation of <3-, 3-12-, and $>12 \mum$ microorganisms was separated by postfiltration. On five occasions, net P-uptake rates were simultaneously obtained from chemical measurements. Chemically measured net P-uptake curves, $^32 P-uptake$ curves, and size partitioning of $^32 P$ incorporation can be recalculated from the constants of the linear force-flow model. The initial orthophosphate concentration fluctuated around $0.1 \mug P liter^-1$. The community-average P threshold exceeded the initial P concentration by a mean factor of 1.4, that of the $>12-\mum$ microorganisms by a mean factor of 3.9. Small-scale fluctuations of in situ P concentrations were necessary to maintain P uptake and growth of larger microorganisms. In a nonhomogeneous environment, sensitivity to the fluctuating nutrient concentrations, efficiency of leakage reduction, and lower maintenance cell quotas may provide a competitive advantage to more complex organisms.Notes: FLA00243590American Society of Limnology and OceanographylatexCopyright 1995 American Society of Limnology and OceanographyURL: http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0024-3590%28199501%2940%3A1%3C17%3AEONUAL%3E2.0.CO%3B2-Q

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 106Author: Gantar, M.; Kerby, N. W.; Rowell, P.; Obreht, Z.; Scrimgeour, C.Year: 1995Title: Colonization of Wheat (Triticum vulgare L.) by N$_2$-Fixing Cyanobacteria: IV. Dark Nitrogenase Activity and Effects of Cyanobacteria on Natural $^{15}$N Abundance in the PlantsJournal: New PhytologistVolume: 129Issue: 2Pages: 337-343Date: Feb.Keywords: Biofertilizers, Cyanobacteria, $^{15}$N/$^{14}$N Fractionation, Nitrogenase Activity, WheatAbstract: Two cyanobacterial soil isolates, Nostoc 2S9B and Anabaena C5, that had previously been shown to form different types of association with the roots of wheat plants grown in liquid culture, were tested for heterotrophic nitrogenase activity and the ability to colonize

the roots of plants grown in sand. Nostoc 2S9B showed substantial nitrogenase activity when associated with the roots of plants grown in liquid culture in medium free of combined N, even with the roots maintained and with assays performed in the dark (29% of the rate shown by root-associated Nostoc 2S9B grown and assayed in the light). When grown heterotrophically in the dark, at the expense of fructose, free-living Nostoc 2S9B showed a similar nitrogenase activity to root-associated Nostoc 2S9B in the dark. In contrast, Anabaena C5 showed no nitrogenase activity in the dark, under these conditions. When three different wheat cultivars were grown in sand that had previously been surface-inoculated with Nostoc 2S9B or with the cultured symbiotic cyanobacterium Nostoc LBG1, isolated from the bryophyte Anthoceros, there was colonization of the plant roots; there was no colonization of roots by Anabaena C5 under these conditions. Some increases in plant biomass and nitrogen content were observed, but these were dependent on the wheat cultivar and cyanobacterial inoculum used. Wheat plants grown in sand that had been pre-inoculated with Nostoc 2S9B, Nostoc LBG1 or Anabaena C5 in medium free of combined N had lower $\delta^{15}$N values in both roots and shoots than plants grown under identical conditions without a cyanobacterial inoculum. The observed $^{15}$N/$^{14}$N fractionation indicates that N$_2$ fixed by the cyanobacteria contributed to the nitrogen economy of the wheat plants, irrespective of whether they were closely associated with the plant roots.Notes: FLA0028646xCambridge University PresslatexCopyright 1995 New Phytologist TrustURL: http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0028-646X%28199502%29129%3A2%3C337%3ACOW%28VL%3E2.0.CO%3B2-B

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 165Author: Forsell, L.; Pettersson, K.Year: 1995Title: On the seasonal migration of the cyanobacterium Gloeotrichia echinulata in Lake Erken, Sweden, and its influence on the pelagic populationJournal: Marine & Freshwater ResearchVolume: 46Issue: 1Pages: 287-293Alternate Journal: Mar. Freshwat. Res.Accession Number: 3815249

Keywords: phytoplankton; lake deposits; sediment-water exchanges; eutrophiclakes; phosphorus cycle; vertical migrations; GloeotrichiaechinulataSweden, Erken L.FreshwaterQ1 01421 Migrations and rhythmsAbstract: The quantity and distribution of colonies of Gloeotrichia echinulata migrating from the sediments into the water column were studied in Lake Erken by the use of inverted traps. The epilimnetic population and the phosphorus status of the epilimnetic colonies were quantified. The numbers of colonies in the traps were greatest in the shallower areas. As the stratification became weaker and the epilimnetic population declined, the amount of colonies in all the traps increased markedly. Most of the colonies in the traps were due to redistribution within the water column. On the assumption that no epilimnetic uptake of phosphorus occurred in G. echinulata, the internal loading of P due to migrating colonies would be about 0.5 mg per sq m per day during July and August. The proportion of newly migrated colonies in the epilimnetic population was calculated to be about 50 percent for the period before the population maximum. The increasing P content of the colonies after the population maximum indicates that the migration continued even after this.Notes: 6. International Symposium. International Association for Sediment Water Sciences, Santa Barbara, CA (Australia)19951323-1650EnglishJournal Article; ConferenceAuthor Address: Uppsala Univ. Dep. of Limnol., S-761 73 Norrtalje, Sweden

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 166Author: Aziz, A.Year: 1995Title: Nitrogen-Fixation in Relation to the Metamorphosis of Gloeotrichia-Pisum D613Journal: Bangladesh Journal of BotanyVolume: 24Issue: 1Pages: 81-86Date: JunAccession Number: ISI:A1995RF31900013Keywords: n-2-fixation; metamorphosis; gloeotrichia; cultureAbstract: The changes of nitrogen fixation (ARA) were studied in

relation to the metamorphosis of Gloeotrichia pisum D613 in batch culture. During metamorphosis, the alga passes through stages, like hormogonia, juvenile filaments, developing filaments and mature filaments. The relative occurrence of these stages varies with the age of cultures. Maximum ARA was observed ed after one day of growth under continuous light flux of 105 mu E m(-1) s(-1) and at a temperature of 32 degrees C. During this period juvenile filaments were abundant having a maximum heterocyst frequency and cultures had the lowest chi a: dry wt. ratio. Cells of juvenile filaments had no cyanophycin granules. It appeared that the juvenile filaments suffered nitrogen starvation, thus actively fixed nitrogen. Significance of this result in relation to rice cultivation and algalization has been discussed.Notes: EnglishURL: <Go to ISI>://A1995RF31900013Author Address: AZIZ, A, UNIV DHAKA,DEPT BOT,DHAKA 1000,BANGLADESH.

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 167Author: Vangeel, B.; Mur, L. R.; Ralskajasiewiczowa, M.; Goslar, T.Year: 1994Title: Fossil Akinetes of Aphanizomenon and Anabaena as Indicators for Medieval Phosphate-Eutrophication of Lake Gosciaz (Central Poland)Journal: Review of Palaeobotany and PalynologyVolume: 83Issue: 1-3Pages: 97-105Date: SepAccession Number: ISI:A1994PF98300010Keywords: netherlands; deposit; usseloAbstract: Records of fossil akinetes of Aphanizomenon and Anabaena (Cyanobacteria) in the laminated sediments of Lake Gosciaz are interpreted. Increasing human impact in the catchment area of the lake (as can be interpreted from the pollen records of human impact indicators) apparently had its effect on the trophic conditions of the lake water: from ca. 1000 AD on, fossil akinetes of Aphanizomenon and Anabaena are present in enormous quantities in the sediment. The increases of the Cyanobacteria are interpreted as the effect of an intensification of fanning and land fertilization in the area around Lake Gosciaz, causing eutrophication of the lake. Phosphorus enrichment from effluent and excreta in the catchment area of the lake at limes will have become so high that N-limited growth conditions occurred. In such conditions Cyanobacteria capable of nitrogen fixation (namely Aphanizomenon and Anabaena) could bloom. The deposits of the last

ca. two centuries are characterised by the successive appearance of Pediastrum boryanum, Tetraedron minimum, Coelastrum cf. reticulatum, Botryococcus, Scenedesmus, Spirogyra, Gloeotrichia and Staurastrum manfeldtii, whereas Cyanobacteria show a decline. This phytoplankton succession could be interpreted in terms of competition for nutrients and light: higher eutrophication levels and higher turbidity caused a decline of available light, and as a consequence less energy was available for the energy consuming process of nitrogen fu;ation by Aphanizomenon and Anabaena.Notes: Cited References: BATTEN DJ, 1985, REV PALAEOBOT PALYNO, V44, P233 CHURSKI Z, 1993, POLISH BOT STUD GUID, V8, P15 COESEL PFM, 1992, ALGOL STUD, V67, P69 CRONBERG G, 1986, HDB HOLOCENE PALAEOE, P507 GOSLAR T, 1988, 1988 EXC GUID S VIST, P136 GOULDEN CE, 1970, T AM PHILOS SOC, V60, P102 HUTCHINSON GE, 1957, TREATISE LIMNOLOGY LIVINGSTONE D, 1980, BR PHYCOL J, V15, P357 LIVINGSTONE D, 1981, BRIT PHYCOL J, V16, P195 ODGAARD BV, 1994, OPERA BOT, V123, P1 ODGARD B, 1989, J DANISH ARCHEOLOGY, V8, P200 PELISIAK A, 1993, POL BOT STUD GUIDEB, V8, P63 RALSKAJASIEWICZ.M, 1987, B POL ACAD SCI EARTH, V35, P127 RALSKAJASIEWICZ.M, 1992, SVERIGES GEOLOGISKA, V81, P257 RALSKAJASIEWICZ.M, 1992, VEG HIST ARCHAEOBOT, V1, P33 SCHARF W, 1985, ARCH HYDROBIOL S, V71, P549 SCHREURS H, 1992, THESIS U AMSTERDAM A TRAVERSE A, 1988, PALEOPALYNOLOGY VANGEEL B, 1983, REV PALAEOBOT PALYNO, V38, P269 VANGEEL B, 1984, ACTA BOT NEERL, V33, P535 VANGEEL B, 1986, HDB HOLOCENE PALAEOE, P497 VANGEEL B, 1989, RADIOCARBON, V31, P151 VANGEEL B, 1989, REV PALAEOBOT PALYNO, V60, P25 ZEVENBOOM W, 1980, DEV HYDROBIOL, V2, P123 ZEVENBOOM W, 1980, THESIS U AMSTERDAM AEnglishURL: <Go to ISI>://A1994PF98300010Author Address: UNIV AMSTERDAM,MICROBIOL LAB,1018 WS AMSTERDAM,NETHERLANDS. POLISH ACAD SCI,W SZAFER INST BOT,PL-31512 KRAKOW,POLAND. SILESIAN TECH UNIV,RADIOCARBON LAB,PL-44100 GLIWICE,POLAND.VANGEEL, B, UNIV AMSTERDAM,HUGO DE VRIES LAB,KRUISLAAN 318,1098 SM AMSTERDAM,NETHERLANDS.

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 168

Author: Pierson, Donald C.; Colom, William; Rodrigo, Maria A.Year: 1994Title: The influence of photoinhibition and algal size on vertical variations in chlorophyll-a specific photosynthesisJournal: Archiv fuer HydrobiologieVolume: 129Issue: 3Pages: 293-309Accession Number: AN 1994:319639Keywords: Photosynthesis (chlorophyll a-specific, vertical variation in, of algae, photoinhibition and algal size effect on); Algae; Gloeotrichia echinulata (photosynthesis in, vertical variations of, photoinhibition and algal size effect on); Light (photosynthesis photoinhibition by, in algae, vertical variation in photosynthesis response to); Chlorophylls Role: BIOL (Biological study) (photosynthesis specific to, in algae, vertical variations in, algal size and photoinhibition effect on)photosynthesis chlorophyll a algae vertical variation; algae size photosynthesis chlorophyll a depth; light photosynthesis photoinhibition algae chlorophyll depthAbstract: Rates of chlorophyll-a specific photosynthesis were measured at 0.5 m and 3.0 m depths within Lake Erken (60 Deg N, Central Sweden) during the summer when the lake was seasonally stratified, and the upper meters of the water column were often diurnally stratified. The surface values of both light limited (aB) and light satd. (PBmax) photosynthesis consistently decreased to 30-40% of that measured at 3.0 m. Two possible explanations for the decline in surface photosynthesis are possible: (1) photoinhibition by high surface irradiances, and (2) migration of large colonial cyanobacteria, esp. Gloeotrichia echinulata, to the surface. Because of their large size (100-2000 mm), rates of chlorophyll a-specific photosynthesis are reduced, so that an increase in G. echinulata nos. will lead to decreases in whole water ests. of photosynthesis. To sep. the effects of these two processes, addnl. measurements were made on samples sepd. by filtration through a 90 mm net which effectively removed the G. echinulata colonies from the remaining phytoplankton. In both of the size fractions, declines in surface photosynthesis of up to 50% were found which could be attributed to photoinhibition. The chlorophyll a-specific rates of photosynthesis in the > 90 mm size fraction were consistently lower than the < 90 mm size fraction. Measurements made during a G. echinulata bloom suggest that size-related redns. in surface photosynthesis on the order of 30% can be expected. [on SciFinder (R)]Notes: CAN 120:31963911-6Plant BiochemistryInst. Limnol.,Uppsala Univ.,Norrtalje,Swed.

Journal0003-9136written in English.479-61-8 (Chlorophyll a) Role: BIOL (Biological study) (photosynthesis specific to, in algae, vertical variations in, algal size and photoinhibition effect on); 479-61-8 Role: BIOL (Biological study) (photosynthesis, chlorophyll a-specific, vertical variation in, of algae, photoinhibition and algal size effect on)

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 169Author: Lennihan, R.; Chapin, D. M.; Dickson, L. G.Year: 1994Title: Nitrogen fixation and photosynthesis in high arctic forms of Nostoc communeJournal: Canadian Journal of Botany/Revue Canadien de BotaniqueVolume: 72Issue: 7Pages: 940-945Alternate Journal: Can. J. Bot./Rev. Can. Bot.Accession Number: 3711655Keywords: nitrogen fixation; photosynthesis; polar environments; bacteria;ecophysiology; polar waters; biogeochemical cycle; Nostoc commune;Cyanophyta; Canada, Northwest Terr.polar waters; biogeochemical cycle; polar environmentsFreshwaterD 04620 Microorganisms; K 03049 Algae; Q1 01482 Ecosystems andenergeticsAbstract: Nostoc commune, a colonial cyanobacterium, has been suggested as an important contributor of nitrogen to terrestrial ecosystems in the Canadian High Arctic, yet little is known about the ecophysiology of this organism in arctic environments. This study focused on the physiological performance of macroscopic colonies of N. commune found on Devon Island, N.W.T. The objectives were to examine the influence of temperature, colony morphology, and seasonal phenology on nitrogen fixation rates and the effects of light and temperature on photosynthesis. Maximum rates of acetylene reduction in N. commune (2119 nmol C sub(2)H sub(4)/g/h) were higher than those previously recorded for arctic N. commune but lower than values reported for temperate populations. Depending on the time of the growing season, the temperature optimum for acetylene reduction varied from 15 degree C to greater than 20 degree C. Photosynthetic temperature optima did not occur below 20-25 degree C (the highest temperatures measured). Light saturation of

photosynthesis was reached at low levels of irradiance (100-150 mu mol/m super(2)/s PPFD). Acetylene reduction rates varied strongly with colony morphology. Thin, fragile, flattened colonies had higher rates than thicker, more resilient, flattened colonies or spherical colonies. Cold post-thaw temperatures appeared to delay the recovery of maximum nitrogen fixation rates for 2-3 weeks following the onset of the growing season. Compared with two other species of cyanobacteria present on Truelove Lowland (Gloeocapsa alpina and Gleotrichia sp.), N. commune had higher rates of nitrogen fixation.Notes: 19940008-4026EnglishJournal ArticleAuthor Address: EA Eng., Sci. Technol., Inc., 8577 154th Ave. NE, Redmond, WA 98052, USA

Reference Type: BookRecord Number: 170Author: Jacobsen, B. A.Year: 1994Title: Bloom formation of Gloeotrichia echinulata and Aphanizomenon flos-aquae in a shallow, eutrophic, Danish lakeSeries Editor: Descy, J. P.; Reynolds, C. S.; Padisak, J.Number of Pages: 193-197ISBN: 0018-8158Accession Number: 3645801Keywords: eutrophic lakes; phytoplankton; algal blooms; algae; biomass;sediments; lakes; Cyanophyta; CyanophytaDenmark, Arreskov L.; algal blooms; eutrophic lakesFreshwaterQ1 01461 Plankton; SW 0850 Lakes; D 04310 Freshwater; K 03009AlgaeAbstract: Over a period of four years, the seasonal periodicity of dominant phytoplankton species in a shallow, eutrophic Danish lake changed markedly. Cyanophytes prevailed during the summer period of all four years. In the first three years, species of Microcystis, Anabaena and Aphanothece dominated, whereas in the fourth year of investigation, these algae were replaced by Gloeotrichia echinulata (J. E. Smith) Richter and Aphanizomenon flos-aquae (L.) Ralfs. The most striking environmental differences in the fourth year as compared with the previous three years, were an increase in transparency, from about 0.5 meter in 1989-1991 to more than 2 metres preceding the summer maximum in 1992, and a simultaneous occurrence of low oxygen concentrations. A collapse of the fish population was followed by an increased proportion of large Cladocerans in the zooplankton.

Improved light conditions at the bottom and grazing pressure from large Cladocerans favoured growth of the large colony forming blue-green algae, Gloeotrichia echinulata and Aphanizomenon flos-aquae. These species germinate from resting spores in the sediment and are able to sustain some growth there before migration to the lake water. The transfer of algal biomass from the bottom sediment to the water phase was accompanied by a marked increase in concentrations of particulate phosphorus and nitrogen in the entire lake.Notes: 9. Workshop of the International Association of Phytoplankton Taxonomy and Ecology (IAP), Mont Rigi (Belgium), 10-18 Jul 1993Phytoplankton in turbid environments: rivers and shallow lakes., 1994Hydrobiologia, vol. 289, no. 1-3EnglishBook Monograph; ConferenceAuthor Address: Lab. Environ. Biol. ApS, Baunebjergvej 5, DK-3050 Humleboek, Denmark

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 171Author: Istvanovics, V.; Padisak, J.; Pettersson, K.; Pierson, D. C.Year: 1994Title: Growth and phosphorus uptake of summer phytoplankton in Lake Erken (Sweden)Journal: Journal of Plankton ResearchVolume: 16Issue: 9Pages: 1167-1196Alternate Journal: J. Plankton Res.Accession Number: 3719289Keywords: phytoplankton; biomass; food absorption; phosphorus; thermalstratification; community composition; nutrient deficiency;epilimnion; freshwater ecology; summer; growth; lakes; nutrientuptake; foods; Ceratium hirundinella; Gloeotrichia echinulataSweden, Erken L.; nutrient uptake; foods; food absorption;phosphorus; epilimnion; freshwater ecology; community composition;nutrient deficiency; Ceratium hirundinella; Gloeotrichiaechinulata; summerFreshwaterQ1 01461 Plankton; D 04627 Algae/lichens; K 03009 Algae; SW 0850LakesAbstract: The thermal stratification in Lake Erken was short and relatively unstable in 1989. Changes in the species composition of the phytoplankton between early May and August followed the general succession pattern outlined for other temperate lakes. Fast-growing, r-strategist cryptophytes, dominant in the early phase of succession,

could be separated sufficiently by 12 mu m membrane filters from larger K-strategists like Ceratium hirundinella and Gloeotrichia echinulata which dominated in July. Under more turbulent conditions, the biomass of diatoms increased, and these species were also >12 mu m. Growth rates of the phytoplankton and those of the two size groups were sensitive to the species composition, but fitted reasonably to the Droop model. Long turnover times of orthophosphate in the water, the Phosphorus Deficiency Indicator defined here as the ratio of the light-saturated rate of photosynthesis and the conductivity coefficient of phosphate uptake, and relative growth rates generally indicated low P-deficiency. Moderate deficiency was observed in late July, towards the end of the stratification period. Steady-state net P-uptake rates were calculated from the Droop model and compared with instantaneous net P-uptake rates estimated from super(32)P uptake kinetics by the linear force-flow relationship of Falkner et al. The two data sets showed surprisingly similar seasonal trends. Depletion of epilimnetic soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) resulted in enhanced utilization of intracellularly stored P. Such periods were, however, interrupted by elevated SRP inputs to the epilimnion that led to luxury P uptake and a low incidence of P deficiency.Notes: 19940142-7873EnglishJournal ArticleAuthor Address: Balaton Limnol. Res. Inst., H-8237 Tihany, Hungary

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 174Author: Pettersson, Kurt; Herlitz, Eva; Istvanovics, VeraYear: 1993Title: The role of Gloeotrichia echinulata in the transfer of phosphorus from sediments to water in Lake ErkenJournal: HydrobiologiaVolume: 253Issue: 1-3Pages: 123-9Accession Number: AN 1993:433840Keywords: Environmental transport (of phosphorus, from sediment into water, Gloeotrichia echinulata effect on, of Lake Erken, Sweden); Gloeotrichia echinulata (phosphrus transport from sediment into water by, of Lake Erken, Sweden); Geological sediments (lake, phosphrus in, Gloeotrichia echinulata transport of, into water, of Lake Erken, Sweden); Waters (lake, phosphrus in, from sediment, Gloeotrichia echinulata effect on, of Lake Erken, Sweden)Gloeotrichia echinulata phosphorus sediment water LakeAbstract: The abundance of Gloeotrichia echinulata colonies in the

sediments of Lake Erken, Sweden, and their P content were studied to det. the contribution of Gloeotrichia colonies to total sediment P. The potential size of the algal inoculum and the migration to the water during summer were estd. The surplus P content of the resting colonies in the sediment was .apprx.45% of total P, which maximized at 8.5 mg P/mg or 81 ng P/colony. The C:P ratio in the early colonies appearing in the lake water was 50:1, while the ratio stabilized at 150 during the major migration period. The internal supply of surplus P was used during the pelagic growth of the colonies. The internal P loading to the epilimnion of Lake Erken due to Gloeotrichia migration could, from the measurements of the increase in particulate epilimnetic P, be estd. at 40 mg P the sediment before and during the migration verified this value to be a conservative est. of the internal P loading due to Gloeotrichia migration to the epilimnion in the lake. The sediment P content calcd. from the P concn. in early epilimnion colonies resulted in a value of 35 mg P/g as a max. This corresponds to only 3% of the total P content in the lake sediment. [on SciFinder (R)]Notes: CAN 119:3384061-1WaterInst. Limnol.,Uppsala Univ.,Norrtaelje,Swed.Journal0018-8158written in English.7723-14-0 (Phosphorus) Role: OCCU (Occurrence) (in sediment and water, Gloeotrichia echinulata effect on, of Lake Erken, Sweden)

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 173Author: Pettersson, K.; Bell, R.; Istvanovics, V.; Padisak, J.; Pierson, D.Year: 1993Title: Phosphorus status of size-fractionated seston in Lake ErkenJournal: Verhandlungen - Internationale Vereinigung fuer Theoretische und Angewandte LimnologieVolume: 25Issue: 1Pages: 137-43Accession Number: AN 1993:678110Keywords: Seston (phosphorus status of size-fractionated, of Lake Erken, Sweden); Geological sediments; Waters (lake, phosphorus status of size-fractionated seston in, of Lake Erken, Sweden)phosphorus seston size Lake ErkenAbstract: The size fractionation of seston in Lake Erken, Sweden, reveal significant differences in the nutritional status and functional behavior of the different size classes. The medium seston seems to

have taken up phosphate in May to be stored as surplus P, which was consumed during their growth in June. In early July this process resulted in severe P deficiency for the medium seston as indicated by the high specific phosphatase activity. This development is in agreement with earlier findings concerning the spring-summer growth of phytoplankton in Lake Erken. During this period the large seston have no chance to compete as shown by their deficiency. In late July the inoculation of Gloeotrichia colonies from the sediments and phosphate from the hypolimnion changes the situation completely to favor the large seston, now being rich in P. [on SciFinder (R)]Notes: CAN 119:27811061-1WaterInst. Limnol.,Uppsala Univ.,Norrtaelje,Swed.Journal0368-0770written in English.7723-14-0 (Phosphorus) Role: MSC (Miscellaneous) (in size-fractionated seston, status of, of Lake Erken, Sweden)

Reference Type: BookRecord Number: 172Author: Pettersson, K.; Herlitz, E.; Istvanovics, V.Year: 1993Title: The role of Gloeotrichia echinulata in the transfer of phosphorus from sediments to water in Lake ErkenSeries Editor: Boers, P. C. M.; Cappenberg, ThE; Raaphorst, WvanNumber of Pages: 123-129ISBN: 0018-8158Accession Number: 2932310Keywords: phosphorus; biogeochemical cycle; sediment chemistry;sediment-water exchanges; biogeochemistry; Cyanophyta;Gloeotrichia echinulataCyanophyta; Gloeotrichia echinulata; Sweden, Erken L.; phosphorus;biogeochemical cycle; sediment-water exchangesFreshwaterQ2 02187 Geochemistry of sediments; Q1 01482 Ecosystems andenergetics; K 03009 Algae; Q4 27480 EnvironmentalApplications/Impact; D 04310 FreshwaterAbstract: The abundance of Gloeotrichia echinulata colonies in the sediments of Lake Erken and their phosphorus content were investigated to determine the contribution of Gloeotrichia colonies to total sediment phosphorus. Moreover, the potential size of the algal inoculum and the migration to the water during summer were estimated. The surplus phosphorus content of the resting colonies in

the sediment was about 45% of total phosphorus, which maximized at 8.5 mu g P/(mg dw) or 81 mu g P/colony. The C:P ratio (by weight) in the early colonies appearing in the lake water was 50:1, while the ratio stabilized at 150 during the major migration period. The internal supply of surplus phosphorus was used during the pelagic growth of the colonies. The internal phosphorus loading to the epilimnion of Lake Erken due to Gloeotrichia migration could, from the measurements of the increase in particulate epilimnetic phosphorus, be estimated at 40 mg P/m super(2) or 2.5 mg P/m super(2)/d in late July and early August. Determination of the number of colonies in the sediment before and during the migration verified this value to be a conservative estimate of the internal phosphorus loading due to Gloeotrichia) migration to the epilimnion in Lake Erken. The sediment P content calculated from the P concentration in early epilimnion colonies resulted in a value of 35 mu g P/(g dw) as a maximum. This corresponds to only 3% of the total phosphorus content in Lake Erken sediment.Notes: 3. Int. Workshop on Phosphorus in Sediments, Zeist (Netherlands), 30 Sep-3 Oct 1991Proceedings of the third international workshop on phosphorus in sediments., 1993Hydrobiologia, vol. 253, no. 1-3EnglishBook Monograph; ConferenceAuthor Address: Uppsala Univ., Inst. Limnol., Erken Lab., Norr Malma 4200, S-761 73 Norrtaelje, Sweden

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 175Author: Khatoon, A. A.; Aziz, A.Year: 1993Title: Morphogenesis of Blue-Green-Algae .5. Akinete Differentiation in Gloeotrichia NatansJournal: Bangladesh Journal of BotanyVolume: 22Issue: 2Pages: 223-225Date: DecAccession Number: ISI:A1993MN12500020Keywords: morphogenesis; blue green algae; akinete; gloeotrichia natansNotes: EnglishURL: <Go to ISI>://A1993MN12500020Author Address: KHATOON, AA, UNIV DHAKA,DEPT BOT,DHAKA 1000,BANGLADESH.

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 176Author: Jensen, T. E.Year: 1993Title: A Morphometric Study of Natural and Laboratory Grown Gloeotrichia SpeciesJournal: MicrobiosVolume: 74Issue: 301Pages: 219-226Accession Number: ISI:A1993LR35000003Keywords: morphometric analysis; gloeotrichiaplectonema-boryanum cyanophyceae; anabaena-flos-aquae; heavy-metals;components; bodies; algaeAbstract: Morphometric analysis was carried out on cells of Gloeotrichia sp. obtained directly from a lake and an isolate of Gloeotrichia sp. grown under laboratory conditions. The surface area of the thylakoids was 38.34 mum2 in cells from the environment compared with 23.37 for cells from culture. The amount of intrathylakoidal space was far greater in cells from the environment (28.53% of the cell volume) compared with 0.92% of the cell volume in cultured cells. The volume of the cell occupied by polyphosphate bodies was 2.53% in natural cells versus 0.21% in cultured cells. Polyhedral body cell volume was 0.67% in natural cells compared with 1.60% in cultured cells. Lipid inclusions occupied 3.71% of the cell volume in natural cells and 0.5% in cultured cells. Cyanophycin granules were few (0.03% of cell volume) in natural cells but more frequent (0.92% of cell volume) in cultured cells. The variation in cell volume of the cyanophycean inclusions is discussed in relation to the environmental conditions of the cells.Notes: Cited References: ALLEN MM, 1968, J PHYCOL, V38, P1 CORPE WA, 1992, MICROBIAL ECOL, V24, P181 FLIESSER SB, 1982, CYTOBIOS, V33, P203 JENSEN TE, 1970, CYTOLOGIA, V35, P132 JENSEN TE, 1981, CYTOBIOS, V32, P129 JENSEN TE, 1982, ENVIRON EXP BOT, V22, P319 JENSEN TE, 1982, ENVIRON POLLUT A, V27, P119 JENSEN TE, 1984, CYTOBIOS, V41, P35 JENSEN TE, 1985, ARCH HYDROBIOL S71, V38, P33 LANARAS T, 1981, PLANTA, V153, P279 LUFT JH, 1961, J BIOPHYS BIOCH CYTO, V9, P409 PANKRATZ HS, 1963, AM J BOT, V50, P387 RACHLIN JW, 1982, ARCH ENV CONTAM TOXI, V11, P323 RACHLIN JW, 1984, ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX, V13, P143

RACHLIN JW, 1985, ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX, V14, P395 RAIL C, 1990, ARCH ENV CONTAM TOXI, V19, P478 SHIVELY JM, 1991, CAN J BOT, V69, P957 SICKOGOAD L, 1977, PROTOPLASMA, V93, P147 SICKOGOAD L, 1979, J PHYCOL, V15, P316 SICKOGOAD L, 1982, PROTOPLASMA, V111, P75 STARR RC, 1978, J PHYCOL S, V14, P47 STEMPAK JG, 1964, J CELL BIOL, V22, P697 WEIBEL ER, 1973, PRINCIPLES TECHNIQUE, V3, P239EnglishURL: <Go to ISI>://A1993LR35000003Author Address: JENSEN, TE, CUNY HERBERT H LEHMAN COLL,DEPT BIOL SCI,BEDFORD PK BLVD W,BRONX,NY 10468.

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 177Author: Istvanovics, V.; Pettersson, K.; Rodrigo, M. A.; Pierson, D.; Padisak, J.; Colom, W.Year: 1993Title: Gloetrichia-Echinulata, a Colonial Cyanobacterium with a Unique Phosphorus Uptake and Life StrategyJournal: Journal of Plankton ResearchVolume: 15Issue: 5Pages: 531-552Date: MayAccession Number: ISI:A1993LE53100005Keywords: alga microcystis-aeruginosa; force-flow relationship; blue-green-algae;phosphate-uptake; phytoplankton population; lake; dynamics; kinetics;cultures; shallowAbstract: Epilimnetic colonies of Gloeotrichia echinulata were harvested from 200-300 l of water in Lake Erken with filtration through appropriate plankton nets (200 or 70 mum). Phosphate uptake characteristics, phosphorus (P) status and photosynthesis of the colonies were determined twice a week during July and August 1991. Phosphate uptake was analysed according to the simple force-flow relationship of Falkner et al. (Arch. Microbiol., 152, 353-361, 1989). The threshold concentration of P uptake below which uptake ceases for energetic reasons, was constantly much higher than the epilimnetic soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) concentration, so that the planktonic colonies were unable to acquire any P in the epilimnion. Neither did organic P seem to be a source of P for planktonic colonies. Gloeotrichia echinulata has a unique life strategy in comparison to other common genera of bloom-forming cynanobacteria. Its P assimilation and growth are completely separated both in time and space; growth is preceded

by benthic P assimilation. Epilimnetic growth was based solely on internally stored P and growth rates fitted the Droop model well. Depletion of stored P restricts the length of the planktonic phase to 15-20 days under 'optimal' growth conditions. Wind-induced surface drift seemed to be the most important loss factor from the epilimnion. Massive recruitment of P-rich benthic colonies accounted for two-thirds of total net internal P loading observed between mid-July and mid-August (3.8 mg P m-2 day-1).Notes: Cited References: AHLGREN I, 1975, METHODS WATER CHEM A BARBIERO RP, 1992, FRESHWATER BIOL, V27, P249 BELL RT, 1983, APPL ENVIRON MICROB, V45, P1709 BOSTROM B, 1985, VERH INT VER LIMNOL, V23, P451 BOSTROM B, 1989, AQUAT SCI, V51, P153 BUTTON DK, 1985, MICROBIOL REV, V49, P270 CHANG TP, 1983, ARCH HYDROBIOL, V97, P320 DROOP MR, 1973, J PHYCOL, V9, P264 FALKNER G, 1984, HYDROBIOLOGY, V108, P265 FALKNER G, 1989, ARCH MICROBIOL, V152, P353 FALKNER R, 1989, BOT ACTA, V102, P283 FITZGERALD GP, 1966, J PHYCOL, V2, P32 FOGG GE, 1969, P ROY SOC LOND B BIO, V173, P175 ISTVANOVICS V, 1990, VERH INT VER LIMNOL, V24, P231 JACOBSON L, 1982, J PLANKTON RES, V4, P481 PAERL HW, 1991, GROWTH REPROD STRATE, P261 PETTERSSON K, 1980, ARCH HYDROBIOL, V89, P54 PETTERSSON K, 1985, LIUB1 UPPS U I LIMN PETTERSSON K, 1990, VERH INT VER LIMNOL, V24, P236 PETTERSSON K, 1992, HYDROBIOLOGIA PIERSON D, 1990, THESIS UPPSALA U PIERSON D, 1993, IN PRESS HYDROBIOLOG PRESTON T, 1980, NATURE, V288, P365 REYNOLDS CS, 1981, PHILOS T ROY SOC B, V293, P419 REYNOLDS CS, 1989, TOXIC ASSESS, V4, P229 RODHE W, 1949, SYMB BOT UPSAL, V10, P149 ROELOFS TD, 1970, LIMNOL OCEANOGR, V15, P224 SMITH RE, 1982, J PHYCOL, V18, P275 SOMMER U, 1984, LIMNOL OCEANOGR, V29, P633 SPODNIEWSKA I, 1971, EKOL POL, V19, P475 TAKAMURA N, 1984, J PLANKTON RES, V6, P1019 TARAPCHAK SJ, 1986, CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI, V43, P319 TRIMBEE AM, 1984, J PLANKTON RES, V6, P897EnglishURL: <Go to ISI>://A1993LE53100005Author Address: UPPSALA UNIV,INST LIMNOL,ERKEN LAB,S-76173 NORRTALJE,SWEDEN. HUNGARIAN NAT HIST MUSEUM,DEPT BOT,H-

1476 BUDAPEST,HUNGARY.ISTVANOVICS, V, BALATON LIMNOL RES INST,H-8237 TIHANY,HUNGARY.

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 178Author: DeGasperi, C. L.; Spyridakis, D. E.; Welch, E. B.Year: 1993Title: Alum and nitrate as controls of short-term anaerobic sediment phosphorus release: An in vitro comparisonJournal: Lake Reservoir Manage.Volume: 8Issue: 1Pages: 49-59Accession Number: 3651402Keywords: lakes; nutrient release; phosphorus cycle; anaerobic environments;sediments; phytoplankton; sediment pollution; pollution control;nutrient cycles; alum; phosphorus; nitrates; cycling nutrients;lake sediments; anoxic conditions; eutrophic lakes; nutrients(mineral); Gloeotrichia echinulataalum; nitrate; phosphorus; nitrates; cycling nutrients; lakesediments; anoxic conditions; nutrients (mineral); eutrophiclakes; nutrient release; phosphorus cycle; anaerobic environments;Gloeotrichia echinulata; sediment pollution; pollution control;nutrient cyclesFreshwaterD 04001 Methodology - general; K 03009 Algae; SW 0850 Lakes; Q202187 Geochemistry of sediments; Q1 01461 Plankton; Q5 01505Prevention and controlAbstract: A laboratory comparison of the effectiveness of two sediment phosphorus (P) inactivation techniques (aluminum sulfate and calcium nitrate) was made using intact sediment cores collected from Green Lake, WA. Additional treatments with Na sub(2)S, NaOH, and glucose were performed to assess effectiveness of the treatments under conditions of 1) reduced availability of Fe, 2) increased pH, and 3) organic matter enrichment, respectively. Under warm, dark, quiescent conditions both aluminum sulfate (alum) and calcium nitrate (nitrate) were equally effective in controlling P release from the sediments when compared to a control. Addition of Na sub(2)S resulted in an increase in P release, but again alum and nitrate were equally effective compared to the control. ADdition of NaOH resulted in an increase of P release, but alum was not as effective as nitrate in controlling P release, possibly due to pH sensitivity of the aluminum hydroxy-P complex. ADdition of glucose resulted in an increase of P release, perhaps due to increased gas evolution, but nitrate was not as

effective in controlling P release, possibly due to the availability of nitrate for degradation of organic matter and subsequent release of methane and nitrogen gas. Sediment oxygen demand (SOD) of Green Lake sediments was determined to be much less than that of sewage polluted Lake Lillesjoen, Sweden, and similar to the SOD of Lake Lillesjoen sediments following nitrate treatment. Sediment profiles of Fe, Mn, P, N, S, water content, and organic suggest that anaerobic processes were operational in the sediments. Although a recent study indicates that the overlying water does not experience episodes of reduced oxygen content, and that much of the water column increase in P can be attributed to migrating phytoplankton (primarily Gloeotrichia echinulata), possible links between sediment chemical and microbial processes and P uptake by benthic stages of phytoplankton at the sediment-water interface have not been investigated. More well planned and monitored in-lake treatments or limnocorral experiments of both alum and nitrate are needed to improve our predictions of the effectiveness and longivity of these two chemical treatments.Notes: 19930743-8141EnglishJournal ArticleAuthor Address: Tetra Tech, Inc., 11820 Northup Way, Suite 100 E, Bellevue, WA 98005, USA

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 179Author: Barbiero, R. P.Year: 1993Title: A contribution to the life history of the planktonic cyanophyte, Gloeotrichia echinulataJournal: Archiv fur Hydrobiologie. StuttgartVolume: 127Issue: 1Pages: 87-100Alternate Journal: Arch. Hydrobiol.Accession Number: 2997180Keywords: life history; migratory species; temperature effects; dissolvedoxygen; associated species; seasonal variations; populationfunctions; growth; activity patterns; regression analysis;variance analysis; plant morphology; Gloeotrichia echinulata;Gloeotrichia natans; Gloeotrichia pisum; Microcystis;Aphanizomenon flos-aquae; Anabaena circinalis; USA, Washington,SeattlesedimentFreshwater

Q1 01461 PlanktonAbstract: Observations on the life history of Gloeotrichia echinulata were made during the course of a two-season study. Migration out of the sediments was preceded by increases in illumination at the sediment surface. Positive correlations were found between migration rate and both temperature and oxygen concentration. G. echinulata was found to overwinter as a spherical aggregation of akinetes embedded in a thick mucilage. Germination, triggered by light, and a short period of growth probably takes place on the sediment, before the onset of gas vacuolation and the subsequent ascent into the plankton.Notes: 19930003-9136Bibliogr.: 45 ref.EnglishJournal ArticleAuthor Address: Western Washington Univ., Huxley Coll. Environ. Stud., Bellingham, WA 98225, USA

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 180Author: Zelent, B.; Dudkowiak, A.; Frackowiak, D.; Leblanc, R. M.Year: 1992Title: Fluorescence lifetimes of immobilized phycobilisomes isolated from various cyanobacteriaJournal: PhotosyntheticaVolume: 26Issue: 3Pages: 415-21Accession Number: AN 1993:599750Keywords: Cyanobacteria (immobilized phycobilisomes from, fluorescence lifetimes of); Phycobilisome (immobilized, from cyanobacteria, fluorescence lifetimes of); Fluorescence (lifetimes, of immobilized phycobilisomes from cyanobacteria); Allophycocyanins Role: BIOL (Biological study) (of immobilized phycobilisomes from cyanobacteria, fluorescence lifetimes of)cyanobacteria phycobilisome fluorescence lifetimeAbstract: The fluorescence lifetimes of phycobilisomes isolated from the cyanobacteria Anabaena variabilis, Anabaena azollae, Tolypothrix tenuis, Oscillatoria sp. and Gloeotrichia racibourixii and immobilized in polyvinyl alc. film were measured and deconvoluted into exponential components. The results were compared on the basis of absorption, fluorescence emission and excitation and photoacoustic spectra of Gloeotrichia. Allophycocyanin fluorescence emitted at 670 nm region showed different lifetimes from that in 700 nm range. This suggests the presence of more than one allophycocyanin final emitter. [on

SciFinder (R)]Notes: CAN 119:19975011-6Plant BiochemistryCent. Rech. Photobiophys.,Univ. Quebec,Trois-Rivieres,QC,Can.Journal0300-3604written in English.

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 182Author: Pierson, Donald C.; Pettersson, Kurt; Istvanovics, VeraYear: 1992Title: Temporal changes in biomass specific photosynthesis during the summer: regulation by environmental factors and the importance of phytoplankton successionJournal: HydrobiologiaVolume: 243-244Pages: 119-35Accession Number: AN 1993:36109Keywords: Microorganism growth (blooming, by phytoplankton, seasonal changes in photosynthesis in relation to); Photosynthesis (by phytoplankton, seasonal changes in, environment in relation to); Gloeotrichia echinulata (photosynthesis by, seasonal changes in); Light (phytoplankton photosynthesis in relation to); Plankton (phyto-, photosynthesis by, seasonal changes in, environment in relation to); Rhythm (seasonal, of photosynthesis by phytoplankton)phytoplankton photosynthesis environmentAbstract: Measurements of phytoplankton photosynthesis vs. irradiance relationships were made at 3-7 day intervals in Lake Erken (central Sweden) for three years during summer stratification. Both the rate of light-limited (aB) and light-satd. (PBmax) photosynthesis per unit chlorophyll a showed distinct and similar temporal trends in each year. Seasonal trends were esp. evident for PBmax, which increased in value for several weeks following the onset of thermal stratification, and then declined in the presence of the large colonial blue-green alga, Gloeotrichia echinulata. By late summer, when the biomass of G. echinulata had decreased, PBmax again rose to its early summer value. The covariation of biomass-specific photosynthesis with the blooming of G. echinulata was the one clear seasonal (week-month) pattern which emerged in each of 3 yr. Over short (day-week) time scales, changes in aB were related to changes in irradiance exposure on the day of sampling. However, the relationship between these two parameters was variable in time, since it was superimposed upon longer term trends controlled by changes in phytoplankton species

compn. Increases in G. echinulata biomass corresponded with a deepening of the thermocline, which both increased internal phosphorus loading and the transport of resting G. echinulata colonies into the epilimnion. The timing and magnitude of the yearly G. echinulata bloom was as a result related to the seasonal development of thermal stratification. These results illustrate the importance of seasonal changes in the phytoplankton community as a factor regulating rates of biomass specific photosynthesis, particularly when the successional changes involve species with very different life strategies. [on SciFinder (R)]Notes: CAN 118:3610911-6Plant BiochemistryInst. Limnol.,Uppsala Univ.,Uppsala,Swed.Journal0018-8158written in English.

Reference Type: BookRecord Number: 181Author: Pierson, D. C.; Pettersson, K.; Istvanovics, V.Year: 1992Title: Temporal changes in biomass specific photosynthesis during the summer: Regulation by environmental factors and the importance of phytoplankton successionSeries Editor: Ilmavirta, V.; Jones, R. I.Number of Pages: 119-135ISBN: 0018-8158Accession Number: 2863098Keywords: photosynthesis; irradiance; phytoplankton; seasonal variations;ecological succession; biomass; thermal stratification; summer;succession; Gloeotrichia echinulata; CyanophytaSweden, Erken L.; succession; ecological successionFreshwaterQ1 01461 Plankton; K 03049 Algae; K 03009 AlgaeAbstract: Measurements of phytoplankton photosynthesis vs. irradiance relationships have been made at 3-7 day intervals in Lake Erken (central Sweden) for three years during summer stratification. Both the rate of light-limited ( alpha super(B)) and light-saturated (P super(B) sub(m)ax )photosynthesis per unit chlorophyll a showed distinct and similar temporal trends in each year. Seasonal trends were especially evident for P super(B) sub(m)ax )which increased in value for several weeks following the onset of thermal stratification, and then declined in the presence of the large colonial blue-green alga,

Gloeotrichia echinulata). By late summer, when the biomass of G. echinulata had decreased, P super(B) sub(m)axa)gain rose to its early summer value. The covariation of biomass-specific photosynthesis with the blooming of G. echinulata) was the one clear seasonal (week-month) pattern which emerged in each of 3 years. Increases in G. echinulata biomass corresponded with a deepening of the thermocline, which both increased internal phosphorus loading and the transport of resting G. echinulata colonies into the epilimnion. The timing and magnitude of the yearly G. echinulata bloom was as a result related to the seasonal development of thermal stratification.Notes: 40-Year Jubilee Symp. of the Finnish Limnological Society, Helsinki (Finland), 6-10 Aug 1990The dynamics and use of lacustrine ecosystems., 1992Hydrobiologia, vol. 243-244EnglishBook Monograph; ConferenceAuthor Address: Inst. Limnol., Uppsala Univ., Box 557, S-751 22 Uppsala, Sweden

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 104Author: Istvanovics, Vera; Pettersson, Kurt; Pierson, Don; Bell, RussellYear: 1992Title: Evaluation of Phosphorus Deficiency Indicators for Summer Phytoplankton in Lake ErkenJournal: Limnology and OceanographyVolume: 37Issue: 4Pages: 890-900Date: Jun.Abstract: Short-term changes in nutrient status of summer phytoplankton were studied in Lake Erken in 1988. The P deficiency index (PDI), which is defined as the rate of light-saturated photosynthesis $(P_opt)$ divided by the maximum phosphate uptake velocity $(V_max)$, was a superior indicator of P deficiency, despite the fact that dramatic shifts in nutrient status did not occur during the study period. Indicators containing physiological rates (orthophosphate turnover time, TT; Chl-specific total alkaline phosphatase activity, $TAPA^B$, and Chl-specific maximal phosphate uptake velocity, $V^B_max$) were also sensitive enough to show changes in the P status of algae. In contrast, indicators based on the chemical composition of the particulate matter (PN:PP, Chl-specific surplus P content, $SP^B$) failed to show short-term variations in algal nutritional status. Correlations were found between PDI and $TAPA^B$, PDI and TT, as well as PDI and turnover time of surplus P $(T_SP)$. PDI ranges previously suggested to indicate different degrees

of algal P deficiency were found to describe P deficiency adequately in Lake Erken.Notes: FLANotes00243590American Society of Limnology and OceanographylatexCopyright 1992 American Society of Limnology and OceanographyURL: http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0024-3590%28199206%2937%3A4%3C890%3AEOPDIF%3E2.0.CO%3B2-F

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 183Author: Bronmark, C.; Klosiewski, S. P.; Stein, R. A.Year: 1992Title: Indirect Effects of Predation in a Fresh-Water, Benthic Food-ChainJournal: EcologyVolume: 73Issue: 5Pages: 1662-1674Date: OctAccession Number: ISI:A1992JP74000015Keywords: algal assemblage; field-cage experiments; food chain theory;fresh-water snails; herbivory; indirect effects; periphyton; predation;pumpkinseed sunfish; top-down effects; trophic cascade; yellow perchfield experiments; sea otters; invertebrate community; vertebratepredation; trophic interactions; primary productivity; littoral-zone;water snails; competition; fishAbstract: Theories of cascading trophic interactions provide specific predictions regarding the forces that regulate populations across trophic levels. Reducing predators in a food chain with three trophic levels should permit herbivores to increase, thus reducing primary producers. In a manipulative experiment involving a molluscivorous fish (pumpkinseed sunfish, Lepomis gibbosus), freshwater snails, and periphytic algae, we tested this prediction. With 10 cages (3 x 3 x 2 m) in each of two lakes in northern Wisconsin, we generated three treatments: exclosures (fishless), enclosures (three pumpkinseed sunfish), and cageless controls, both in Mann Lake, which had high natural densities of pumpkinseed sunfish (HDP), and in Round Lake, which had low densities (LDP). During a 16-mo experiment, we quantified snail and periphyton biomass on plastic flagging within treatments during summer at 3- and 6-wk intervals in 1986 and 1987, respectively. Predation by pumpkinseed sunfish reduced snail biomass

on flagging, permitting periphyton biomass to increase, as compared to exclosures. As expected, periphyton biomass in cageless controls in Mann Lake (HDP) mirrored periphyton biomass in enclosures, whereas cageless controls in Round Lake (LDP) differed from exclosures. The periphyton assemblage changed dramatically with increasing grazing pressure. In enclosures (low grazing), filamentous algae and large, stalked diatoms dominated the periphyton assemblage, whereas in exclosures (high grazing), assemblages were dominated by small, adnate diatoms and a colonial, filamentous bluegreen alga (Gloeotrichia). In laboratory trials, snails preferentially fed on periphyton from enclosures (where grazing pressure had been low). Predation reduced snail density, but indirectly increased periphyton biomass, dramatically modifying species composition of the assemblage. Thus, in mesotrophic Wisconsin lakes, top-down interactions regulate the benthic, freshwater food chain.Notes: Cited References: 1988, SAS STAT USERS GUIDE AHO J, 1984, BIOGEOGRAPHICAL STUD, P198 ALLAN JD, 1982, ECOLOGY, V63, P1444 BALL RC, 1952, ECOLOGY, V33, P41 BRONMARK C, 1988, HYDROBIOLOGIA, V169, P363 BRONMARK C, 1989, J MOLLUS STUD, V55, P299 BROWN KM, 1985, OECOLOGIA, V66, P93 CALOW P, 1973, P MALACOLOGICAL SOC, V40, P483 CARPENTER SR, 1985, BIOSCIENCE, V35, P634 CARPENTER SR, 1987, ECOLOGY, V68, P1863 CARPENTER SR, 1988, COMPLEX INTERACTIONS CATTANEO A, 1983, LIMNOL OCEANOGR, V28, P124 CATTANEO A, 1986, OECOLOGIA, V69, P612 CROWDER LB, 1982, ECOLOGY, V63, P1802 DIAMOND J, 1986, COMMUNITY ECOLOGY DUGGINS DO, 1980, ECOLOGY, V61, P447 ESTES JA, 1974, SCIENCE, V185, P1058 FRETWELL SD, 1987, OIKOS, V50, P291 GILINSKY E, 1984, ECOLOGY, V65, P455 GILLIAM JF, 1989, ECOLOGY, V70, P445 HAIRSTON NG, 1960, AM NAT, V94, P421 HANSON JM, 1986, CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI, V43, P1363 HENRIKSON L, 1980, HYDROBIOLOGIA, V68, P257 HUBENDICK B, 1947, ZOOLOGISKA BIDRAG UP, V24, P415 HURLBERT SH, 1984, ECOL MONOGR, V54, P187 JONES RC, 1982, AQUAT BOT, V13, P317 KERFOOT WC, 1987, PREDATION DIRECT IND KERFOOT WC, 1987, PREDATION DIRECT IND, P57 KLOSIEWSKI SP, 1991, SELECTIVE PREDATION LAUDER GV, 1983, J MORPHOL, V178, P1

LEIBOLD MA, 1989, AM NAT, V134, P922 LODGE DM, 1987, AM MALACOL BULL, V5, P73 LOWE RL, 1988, J N AM BENTHOL SOC, V7, P29 LUBCHENCO J, 1986, COMMUNITY ECOLOGY, P537 MARTIN TH, 1992, IN PRESS ECOLOGICAL MAZUMDER A, 1989, FRESHWATER BIOL, V22, P405 MCQUEEN DJ, 1986, CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI, V43, P1571 MENGE BA, 1976, AM NAT, V110, P352 MENGE BA, 1987, AM NAT, V130, P730 MILLER TE, 1987, PREDATION DIRECT IND, P33 MITTELBACH GG, 1984, ECOLOGY, V65, P499 MITTELBACH GG, 1987, PREDATION DIRECT IND, P315 MITTELBACH GG, 1988, ECOLOGY, V69, P614 MORENO CA, 1984, OIKOS, V42, P155 MORIN PJ, 1984, ECOLOGY, V65, P53 MULLER C, 1983, PERIPHYTON FRESHWATE, P147 NORTHCOTE TG, 1988, CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI, V45, P361 OKSANEN L, 1981, AM NAT, V118, P240 OSENBERG CW, 1989, ECOL MONOGR, V59, P405 OSENBERG CW, 1989, OECOLOGIA, V79, P512 OSENBERG CW, 1992, ECOLOGY, V73, P255 PAINE RT, 1966, AM NAT, V100, P65 PAINE RT, 1980, J ANIM ECOL, V49, P667 PERSSON L, 1988, COMPLEX INTERACTIONS, P45 PORTER KG, 1977, AM SCI, V65, P159 POWER ME, 1987, PREDATION DIRECT IND, P333 POWER ME, 1990, SCIENCE, V250, P811 REICE SR, 1986, CAN J ZOOL, V64, P1930 SADZIKOWSKI MR, 1976, AM MIDL NAT, V95, P220 SHAPIRO J, 1984, FRESHWATER BIOL, V14, P371 SIH A, 1985, ANNU REV ECOL SYST, V16, P269 SIMENSTAD CA, 1978, SCIENCE, V200, P403 STEINMAN AD, 1987, J N AM BENTHOL SOC, V6, P189 STRONG DR, 1984, ECOLOGICAL COMMUNITI THORP JH, 1981, ECOLOGY, V62, P365 THORP JH, 1981, OECOLOGIA BERL, V50, P285 THORP JH, 1986, OIKOS, V47, P75 THRELKELD ST, 1987, PREDATION DIRECT IND, P161 WEBER LM, 1990, OECOLOGIA, V82, P33 WETZEL RG, 1983, PERIPHYTON FRESHWATE, P207EnglishURL: <Go to ISI>://A1992JP74000015Author Address: OHIO STATE UNIV,DEPT ZOOL,COLUMBUS,OH 43210.BRONMARK, C, UNIV LUND,DEPT ECOL,ECOL BLDG,S-22362 LUND,SWEDEN.

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 9Author: Bronmark, Christer; Klosiewski, Steven P.; Stein, Roy A.Year: 1992Title: Indirect Effects of Predation in a Freshwater, Benthic Food ChainJournal: EcologyVolume: 73Issue: 5Pages: 1662-1674Date: Oct.Keywords: algal assemblage, field-cage experiments, food chain theory, freshwater snails, herbivory, indirect effects, periphyton, predation, pumpkinseed sunfish, top-down effects, trophic cascade, yellow perchAbstract: Theories of cascading trophic interactions provide specific predictions regarding the forces that regulate populations across trophic levels. Reducing predators in a food chain with three trophic levels should permit herbivores to increase, thus reducing primary producers. In a manipulative experiment involving a mulluscivorous fish (pumpkinseed sunfish, Lepomis gibbosus), freshwater snails, and periphytic algae, we tested this prediction. With 10 cages (3 @? 3 @? 2 m) in each of two lakes in northern Wisconsin, we generated three treatments: exclosures (fishless), enclosures (three pumpkinseed sunfish), and cageless controls, both in Mann Lake, which had high natural densities of pumpkinseed sunfish (HDP), and in Round Lake, which had low densities (LDP). During a 16-mo experiment, we quantified snail and periphyton biomass on plastic flagging within treatments during summer at 3- and 6-k intervals in 1986 and 1987, respectively. Predation by pumpkinseed sunfish reduced snail biomass on flagging, permitting periphyton biomass to increase, as compared to exclosures. As expected, periphyton biomass in cageless controls in Mann Lake (HDP) mirrored periphyton biomass in enclosures, whereas cageless controls in Round Lake (LDP) differed from exclosures. The periphyton assemblage changed dramatically with increasing grazing pressure. In enclosures (low grazing), filamentous algae and large, stalked diatoms dominated the periphyton assemblage, whereas in exclosures (high grazing), assemblages were dominated by small, adnate diatoms and a colonial, filamentous bluegreen alga (Gloeotrichia). In laboratory trials, snails preferentially fed on periphyton from enclosures (where grazing pressure had been low). Predation reduced snail density, but indirectly increased periphyton biomass, dramatically modifying species composition of the assemblage. Thus, in mesotrophic Wisconsin lakes, top-down interactions regulate the benthic, freshwater food chain.Notes: FLA

00129658The Ecological Society of America and the Duke University PressENCopyright 1992 The Ecological Society of AmericaURL: http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0012-9658%28199210%2973%3A5%3C1662%3AIEOPIA%3E2.0.CO%3B2-P

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 184Author: Barbiero, R. P.; Welch, E. B.Year: 1992Title: Contribution of Benthic Blue-Green-Algal Recruitment to Lake Populations and Phosphorus TranslocationJournal: Freshwater BiologyVolume: 27Issue: 2Pages: 249-260Date: AprAccession Number: ISI:A1992HW34300008Keywords: microcystis-aeruginosa kutz; phytoplankton population; eutrophic lake;shallow lake; sediments; aphanizomenon; sporulation; dynamicsAbstract: 1. A two-season investigation was undertaken to determine the contribution of benthic recruitment to the population development of several species of blue-green algae. 2. Gloeotrichia echinulata populations were shown to be heavily subsidized by benthic recruitment, deriving on average 40% of their planktonic colonies from the benthos. 3. Benthic recruitment of Aphanizomenon flos-aquae; Anabaena flos-aquae and a second Anabaena species contributed less than 2% to planktonic increases, while Microcystis aeruginosa recruitment was negligible. 4. Phosphorus translocation via migrating G. echinulata accounted for most of the phosphorus (P) in the planktonic colonies, and constituted a significant portion of the internal loading of the lake. 5. Estimated P translocation via Aph. flos-aquae was relatively minor, although there was evidence of luxury uptake in the benthos.Notes: Cited References: 1985, STANDARD METHODS EXA BAUER HH, 1978, INSTRUMENTAL ANAL BOLSTRIDGE JC, 1982, THESIS U WASHINGTON BOSTROM B, 1985, VERH INT VEREIN LIMN, V22, P3335 BOSTROM B, 1988, HYDROBIOLOGIA, V170, P229 BOSTROM B, 1989, AQUAT SCI, V51, P153 CARPENTER SR, 1980, ECOLOGY, V61, P1145 CMIECH HA, 1984, BRIT PHYCOL J, V19, P245

EBER JP, 1958, EXP CELL RES, V15, P28 EPPLEY RW, 1968, J PHYCOL, V4, P333 FALLON RD, 1981, FRESHWATER BIOL, V11, P217 FAY P, 1969, J EXP BOT, V20, P100 FITZGERALD GP, 1967, ENV REQUIREMENTS BLU, P97 FOGG GE, 1969, P ROY SOC LOND B BIO, V173, P175 FUCHS GW, 1973, BIOL BLUE GREEN ALGA, P117 GACHTER R, 1988, LIMNOL OCEANOGR, V33, P1542 GERLOFF GC, 1954, ECOLOGY, V35, P348 GOOR ACJ, 1925, REV ALGOLOGIQUE, V2, P19 GRAN HH, 1929, RAPP CONS EXPLOR MER, V56, P1 HAPPEYWOOD CM, 1976, BRIT PHYCOL J, V11, P355 HEANEY SI, 1980, REP FRESHWAT BIOL AS, V48, P27 ISTANOVICS V, 1990, INT VEREINIGUNG THEO, V24, P231 JACOBY JM, 1982, WATER RES, V16, P911 JONES RI, 1979, HYDROBIOLOGIA, V62, P55 KAPPERS FI, 1976, HYDROBIOL B, V10, P164 LOFGREN S, 1989, WATER RES, V23, P1115 LUND JWG, 1965, BIOL REV, V40, P231 MESNER N, 1985, USE SEASONAL PHOSPHO MITCHELL SF, 1981, VERH INT VER LIMNOL, V21, P1017 MORTIMER CH, 1941, J ECOL, V29, P280 MORTIMER CH, 1942, J ECOL, V30, P147 NETER J, 1985, APPLIED LINEAR STATI NOVIKOV BI, 1984, HYDROBIOL J, V20, P17 OLSON FCW, 1950, T AM MICROSC SOC, V69, P272 OSGOOD RA, 1988, HYDROBIOLOGIA, V169, P69 PERKINS M, 1983, LIMNOLOGICAL CHARACT PIETERSE AJH, 1974, THESIS U WASHINGTON PRESCOTT GW, 1951, ALGAE W GREAT LAKES PRESCOTT GW, 1973, HOW KNOW FRESHWATER PRESTON T, 1980, NATURE, V288, P365 REYNOLDS CS, 1967, B SHROPS CONSERV T, V10, P9 REYNOLDS CS, 1972, FRESHWATER BIOL, V2, P87 REYNOLDS CS, 1976, J ECOL, V64, P529 REYNOLDS CS, 1981, PHILOS T ROY SOC B, V293, P419 ROELOFS TD, 1970, LIMNOL OCEANOGR, V15, P224 ROSE ET, 1934, U IOWA STUD NAT HIST, V16, P129 ROTHER JA, 1977, P ROY SOC LOND B BIO, V196, P317 ROTHER JA, 1979, FRESHWATER BIOL, V9, P369 SALONEN K, 1984, FRESHWATER BIOL, V14, P431 SAUNDERS WMH, 1955, J SOIL SCI, V6, P254 SCHEAFFER RL, 1990, ELEMENTARY SURVEY SA SHERR EB, 1982, J PLANKTON RES, V4, P961 SINGH HN, 1953, INT VEREINIGUNG THEO, V12, P831 SIRENKO LA, 1969, HYDROBIOL J, V5, P1

SMITH CS, 1986, LIMNOL OCEANOGR, V31, P1312 SOMMERS LE, 1970, LIMNOL OCEANOGR, V15, P301 STEWART WDP, 1978, MITT INT VER LIMNOL, V21, P224 TAKAMURA N, 1984, J PLANKTON RES, V6, P1019 TRIMBEE AM, 1984, J PLANKTON RES, V6, P897 WALKER TW, 1958, SOIL SCI, V85, P307 WELCH EB, 1987, LAKE RESERVOIR MANAG, V3, P58 WESENBERGLUND C, 1904, STUDIER DANSK SOERS WILDMAN RB, 1975, J PHYCOL, V11, P96 WISLOUGH SM, 1912, B JARDIN IMPERIAL BO, V11, P155EnglishURL: <Go to ISI>://A1992HW34300008Author Address: BARBIERO, RP, UNIV WASHINGTON,DEPT CIVIL ENGN,ENVIRONM ENGN & SCI PROGRAM,SEATTLE,WA 98195.

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 185Author: Aziz, A.; Ahmed, Q. A.Year: 1992Title: Occurrence and biomass of algae epiphytic on deepwater rice plants near Sonargaon, BangladeshJournal: Archiv fur Hydrobiologie. StuttgartVolume: 125Issue: 4Pages: 479-486Alternate Journal: Arch. Hydrobiol.Accession Number: 2870511Keywords: growth; epiphytes; cell morphology; rice fields; biomass;flooding; seasonal variations; dominant species; Cyanophyta;Nostocaceae; Rivulariaceae; Chlorophyta; Bacillariophyceae;BangladeshFreshwaterQ1 01483 Species interactions: generalAbstract: Occurrence and biomass of algae growing epiphytically on deepwater rice plants were studied over a flood period in 1985 near Sonargaon, Bangladesh. Biomass estimation and determination of cell volume are described. The epiphytic flora was dominated by blue-green algae, green algae and diatoms. Maximum biomass was observed about 70 days after flooding. Heterocystous blue-green algae predominated and the most abundant genus was Gloeotrichia followed by Microchaete, Hapalosiphon, Nostoc , etc. Aphanothece pallida is the only non-heterocystous blue-green alga. Green algae were the next important group and the dominant genus was Oedogonium followed by Spirogyra, Rhizoclonium, Coleochaete , etc. Gomphonema is the only diatom genus found as an epiphyte on deepwater rice plants.Notes: 1992

0003-9136EnglishJournal ArticleAuthor Address: Dep. Bot., Univ. Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 186Author: Whitton, B. A.; Grainger, S. L. J.; Hawley, G. R. W.; Simon, J. W.Year: 1991Title: Cell-bound and extracellular phosphatase activities of cyanobacterial isolatesJournal: Microbial EcologyVolume: 21Issue: 2Pages: 85-98Accession Number: AN 1991:554589Keywords: Cyanobacteria (phosphatase cell-bound and extracellular activities of strains of)phosphatase cell bound extracellular cyanobacteriaAbstract: Fifty cyanobacterial strains (10 genera) were tested in batch culture for their ability to use org. phosphorus compds. (1 mg liter-1 P) as their sole P source. Two monoesters, Na2-b-glycerophosphate and p-nitrophenyl phosphate (pNPP), supported growth of all strains, and the diester bis-p-nitrophenyl phosphate (bis-pNPP) and herring sperm DNA supported almost all strains. ATP was either a very favorable or poor P source and failed to support growth of 9 strains, 7 of which were Rivulariaceae with trichomes ending in a hair or long tapered region. Phytic acid was in general the least favorable P source. P-limited cultures grown initially with inorg. phosphate to conditions of P limitations were also tested for cell-bound and extracellular phosphomonoesterase (PMEase) and phosphodiesterase (PDEase) activities at 2 pH values (7.6, 10.3) using pNPP and bis-pNPP as substrates. Cell-bound PMEase was inducible in all strains and cell-bound PDEase in most strains. Most showed extracellular PMEase, but not extracellular PDEase. The highest values (mM pNPP or bis-pNPP hydrolyzed mg dry wt.-1 h-1) all occurred in strains of Gloeotrichia as follows: cell-bound PMEase at pH 7.6, 2.7 mM in strain D602; cell-bound PMEase at pH 10.3, 5.2 mM in D602; extracellular PMEase at pH 7.6, 0.73 mM in D281; extracellular PMEase at pH 10.3, 6.6 mM in D281; cell-bound PDEase at 7.6, 0.40 mM in D613; cell-bound PDEase at pH 10.3, 1.0 mM in D613. The results were compared to see if they indicated possible relationships between phosphatase activity and taxonomic or ecol. grouping. Rivulariaceae produced higher yields than filamentous non-Rivulariaceae with b-glycerophosphate, pNPP, and DNA. Rivulariaceae with the ability to form hairs in culture showed poorer growth in ATP than non-hair-forming Rivulariaceae, but were

more effective at utilizing phytic acid. Strains from calcareous environments had higher PMEase activity at pH 10.3 than strains from noncalcareous environments (P < 0.01). [on SciFinder (R)]Notes: CAN 115:15458910-1Microbial BiochemistryDep. Biol. Sci.,Univ. Durham,Durham,UK.Journal0095-3628written in English.9013-05-2 (Phosphatase) Role: BIOL (Biological study) (cell-bound and extracellular, of cyanobacteria strains); 9025-82-5 (Phosphodiesterase) Role: BIOL (Biological study) (cell-bound, of cyanobacteria strains); 9000-83-3 (ATPase); 37341-58-5 (Phytase) Role: BIOL (Biological study) (of cyanobacteria strains)

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 18Author: DeMott, William R.; Moxter, FelixYear: 1991Title: Foraging Cyanobacteria by Copepods: Responses to Chemical Defense and Resource AbundanceJournal: EcologyVolume: 72Issue: 5Pages: 1820-1834Date: Oct.Keywords: blue-green algae, chemical defenses, copepods, cyanobacteria, Daphnia, Diaptomus, feeding activity, natural toxins, optimal foraging theory, secondary metabolites, zooplanktonAbstract: We used laboratory feeding trials to examine the responses to copepods to a variety of cyanobacteria of differing size, morphology, and toxicity. Diaptomus birgei exhibited behaviors ranging from strong preferences for some taxa of cyanobacteria to almost complete rejection of other taxa when allowed to feed in low-concentration mixtures of a high-quality green alga, Chlamydomonas reinhardi, and each of 16 taxa of cyanobacteria. Our results demonstrate the overriding importance of chemical factors. Copepods exhibited very high clearance rates for some filaments and colonies but rejected morphologically similar strains shown to contain potentially toxic compounds. Responses to resource abundance exhibited three patterns, each consistent with the assumptions and predictions of an optimal diet model. First, selectivity for high-ranking cyanobacteria declined in high-concentration mixtures with Chlamydomonas relative to selectivity in low-concentration mixtures. Second, a test of the

effects of time without food showed that hunger, rather than food concentration per se, was responsible for these shifts in selectivity. Finally, each toxic strain was consistently ingested at very low rates, even when offered as the sole food resource. Experiments with complex mixtures of natural seston revealed similar patterns of consistently strong discrimination against a presumably toxic cyanobacterium and concentration-dependent selectivity for presumably nontoxic taxa. Our results show how the behavioral flexibility of copepods can be adaptive in lakes with significant populations of cyanobacteria. The ability of copepods to feed size-selectively on filaments and colonies and to discriminate against toxic forms suggests that these grazers may be important in the evolution and continued success of toxic strains.Notes: FLA00129658The Ecological Society of AmericaIthaca, New York USAENCopyright 1991 The Ecological Society of AmericaURL: http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0012-9658%28199110%2972%3A5%3C1820%3AFCBCRT%3E2.0.CO%3B2-%23

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 187Author: Boussiba, S.Year: 1991Title: Nitrogen fixing cyanobacteria potential usesJournal: Plant and SoilVolume: 137Issue: 1Pages: 177-180Alternate Journal: Plant Soil.Accession Number: 2633530Keywords: fertilizers; aquaculture; mutants; biotechnology;phycobiliproteins; ammonia; industrial production; Cyanophyta;Anabaena siamensis; Gloeotrichia natans; ammonia; Cyanophyta;Anabaena siamensis; Gloeotrichia natansnitrogen fixation; excretion; large-scale production;phycobiliproteins; industrial production; mutantsK 03059 Algae; W 30511 Plant breeding and aquaculture; Q4 27310Plant culture; Q1 01625 Non-edible productsAbstract: The large scale production of nitrogen fixing cyanobacteria is discussed and the use of ammonia excreting mutants of Anabaena siamensis is described. Gloeotrichia natans is considered for use as a

biofertilizer and for the production of phycobiliproteins.Notes: 19910032-079xEnglishJournal ArticleAuthor Address: Micro-Algal Biotechnol. Lab., Jacob Blaustein Inst. Des. Res., Ben-Gurion Univ., Sede Boker 84990, Israel

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 188Author: Al-Hakeem, T. M.; Al-Salihi, F. G.; Al-Samaraie, A. T.Year: 1991Title: Some essential constituents of N sub(2)-fixing cyanobacteria isolated from Shatt Al-Arab at Garma Region, south IraqJournal: Marina mesopotamica. BasrahVolume: 6Issue: 2Pages: 225-236Alternate Journal: Mar. Mesop.Accession Number: 3810487Keywords: nitrogen fixation; biochemical composition; lipids; amino acids;heavy metals; Cyanophyta; Gloeotrichia natans; Gloeotrichia;Nostoc microscopicum; Nostoc communeISW, Iraq, Shatt Al ArabMarineQ1 01226 Physiology, biochemistry, biophysicsAbstract: To the 4 N sub(2) - fixing species: Gloeotrichia natans, Gloeotrichia spp., Nostoc microscopiccus and N. commune, which had been isolated, purified and identified from Shatt Al-Arab at Garma Region (Iraq) heavy metals, total lipids content and free amino acids were quantitatively determined. The concentration of Mn and Cu are in agreement with the required values found in other cyanobacteria, while Ni and Zn seems to be above that value. Iron concentration less than the required value, while Co is undetected. Results show high lipid content of these species. Free amino acids analysis in the isolated species shows the presence of most of the essential and non-essential amino acids. Due to the high protein and lipid contents, these cyanobacteria might be used as food substitutes.Notes: 1991EnglishJournal ArticleAuthor Address: Dep. Chem., Univ. Basrah, Basrah, Iraq

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 189

Author: Querijero-Palacpac, Nirianne Marie; Martinez, Milagrosa R.; Boussiba, SammyYear: 1990Title: Mass cultivation of the nitrogen-fixing cyanobacterium Gloeotrichia natans, indigenous to rice-fieldsJournal: Journal of Applied PhycologyVolume: 2Issue: 4Pages: 319-25Accession Number: AN 1991:581486Keywords: Gloeotrichia natans (nitrogen-fixation and photosynthesis and mass cultivation of); Pigments (of Gloeotrichia natans, carbon dioxide effect on); Biliproteins; Phycocyanins; Phycoerythrins Role: BIOL (Biological study) (of Gloeotrichia natans, carbon dioxide effect on); Nitrogen fixation (of Gloeotrichia natans, light effect on); Photosynthesis (of Gloeotrichia natans, temp. effect on); Light (on nitrogenase activity of Gloeotrichia natans)Gloeotrichia nitrogen fixation rice field phycobiliproteinAbstract: G. natans, a nitrogen-fixing cyanobacterium common in rice fields in the Philippines, was used for studies to establish key features of its physiol. and potential prodn. in outdoor cultures. Under optimal growth conditions (38 Deg, pH 8.0, no carbon enrichment) the specific growth rate of rice-field isolate was 0.076/h. The pH of the medium (between 6.5 and 9.0) did not influence the growth rate, but it did affect phycobiliprotein content, as reflected by a change in color. At pH 7.0 the culture was green-brown, with phycobiliproteins constituting up to 10% of the total protein, while at pH 9.0 the culture was brownish-black and the pigment content was as high as 28% of the total protein. In outdoor cultures the specific growth rate was related directly to cell d. at half this rate. At a stirring of 30 rpm, daily prodn. of outdoor cultures harvested to maintain cell densities of 0.7, 1.15 and 1.5 g L-1 were 14.7, 17.1 and 18.1 g m-2 day-1, resp. This rate of prodn. was maintained for more than 45 days. Phycobiliprotein content in the culture kept at a d. of 1.5 g L-1 reached 14% of the total biomass. [on SciFinder (R)]Notes: CAN 115:18148616-7Fermentation and Bioindustrial ChemistryNatl. Inst. Biotechnol. Appl. Microbiol.,Los Banos,Philippines.Journal0921-8971written in English.7727-37-9 Role: BIOL (Biological study) (nitrogen fixation, of Gloeotrichia natans, light effect on); 479-61-8 (Chlorophyll a) Role: BIOL (Biological study) (of Gloeotrichia natans, carbon dioxide effect on); 9013-04-1 (Nitrogenase) Role: BIOL (Biological study) (of

Gloeotrichia natans, light effect on); 124-38-9 (Carbon dioxide) Role: BAC (Biological activity or effector, except adverse), BSU (Biological study, unclassified), BIOL (Biological study) (phycobiliprotein compn. in Gloeotrichia natans response to)

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 191Author: Mishra, A. K.; Tiwari, D. N.Year: 1990Title: Effect of amino acids and its analogues on Gloeotrichia ghosei and its non-nitrogen fixing mutantsJournal: Acta microbiologica HungaricaVolume: 37Issue: 1Pages: 25-32Accession Number: 91089807Keywords: Aerobiosis; *Amino Acids: PD, pharmacology; Anaerobiosis; Culture Media; Cyanobacteria: DE, drug effects; Cyanobacteria: GE, genetics; *Cyanobacteria: GD, growth & development; Mutation; Nitrogen Fixation0 (Amino Acids); 0 (Culture Media)Abstract: Mutants of Gloeotrichia ghosei fil1 het++ and pol- het- failed to grow on molecular nitrogen and required combined nitrogen sources. NO3- and NH4+ supported maximum growth of parent and mutant strains under aerobic conditions but not under reducing anaerobic or heterotrophic conditions. Glutamine and tryptophan were superior for the parent strain compared to inorganic nitrogen sources. By mutants only glutamine was used whereas tryptophan was inhibitory to them. Development of heterocyst and polarity in the parent and in fil1 het++ was inhibited in the presence of all combined nitrogen sources compared to molecular nitrogen which supported their formation. MSX and AZT (analogues of glutamine and tryptophan, respectively) completely inhibited the growth of all strains in the nitrogen-fixing and NH4(+)-medium. When glutamine and tryptophan were added to MSX- and AZT-containing medium, growth of parent strain was similar to that of the respective amino acids. The mutants grew only with glutamine + MSX, and tryptophan + AZT complex medium inhibited growth. [on SciFinder (R)]Notes: Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Banaras Hindu University, Varnasi, India0231-4622HungaryJournal; Article; (JOURNAL ARTICLE)English

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 190Author: Mishra, A. K.; Tiwari, D. N.Year: 1990Title: Reversion of Mutation in Non-Nitrogen-Fixing Mutants of the Cyanobacterium Gloeotrichia-GhoseiJournal: MicrobiosVolume: 61Issue: 246Pages: 7-16Accession Number: ISI:A1990CQ42000001Notes: Cited References: CURRIER TC, 1977, J BACTERIOL, V129, P1556 DEMARSAC NT, 1987, CYANOBACTERIA, P251 DRAKE JW, 1969, ANNU REV GENET, V3, P347 HERBERT D, 1971, METHODS MICROBIOLO B, V5, P209 HERDMAN M, 1972, J GEN MICROBIOL, V70, P213 KRATZ WA, 1955, AM J BOT, V42, P282 MISHRA AK, 1983, THESIS BANARAS HINDU MISHRA AK, 1986, NEW PHYTOL, V103, P69 SAFFERMAN RS, 1964, J BACTERIOL, V88, P771 SINGH HN, 1977, ARCH MICROBIOL, V114, P155 SINGH RN, 1976, J CYTOL GENET, V11, P76 STEWART WDP, 1975, BIOCHEM BIOPH RES CO, V62, P62 TIWARI DN, 1977, BEITR BIOL PFLANZ, V53, P177 TIWARI DN, 1979, MICROBIOS LETT, V12, P121 VANBAALEN C, 1980, METHOD ENZYMOL, V69, P38EnglishURL: <Go to ISI>://A1990CQ42000001Author Address: BANARAS HINDU UNIV,CTR ADV STUDY BOT,VARANASI 221005,UTTAR PRADESH,INDIA.

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 192Author: Lebedev, N. N.; Chan Van, Ni; Khatypov, R. A.; Krasnovskii, A. A.Year: 1990Title: Energetic interaction of phycobilins and chlorophyll-protein complexes in cyanobacteria cells: effect of thermoinactivationJournal: BiofizikaVolume: 35Issue: 1Pages: 62-8Accession Number: AN 1990:195419Keywords: Gloeotrichia raciborski; Nostoc commune (chlorophyll-

protein complexes and phycobilins in, energetic interaction of, heat inactivation effect on); Biliproteins Role: BIOL (Biological study) (energetic interactions of chlorophyll-protein complexes and, in cyanobacteria, heat inactivation effect on); Heat (on photosynthetic energetic interactions of phycobilins and chlorophyll-protein complexes in cyanobacteria); Photosynthetic systems (II, of cyanobacteria, heat-induced rearrangements in); Chlorophylls Role: BIOL (Biological study) (complexes, with proteins, phycobilins energetic interaction with, in cyanobacteria, heat inactivation effect on)phycobilin chlorophyll protein complex cyanobacteria heatAbstract: Spectra and lifetimes of low-temp. fluorecence in Gloeotrichia raciborski and Nostoc commune were investigated. Heating of cyanobacteria to 50-55 Deg for 10 min results in an increase of the intensity of bands at 663, 686, and 697 nm when illuminated with light absorbed by the phycobilins; there is a decrease of the bands at 686 and 697 nm and initiation of a band at 673 nm when illuminated with light absorbed by chlorophyll. The increase of the band at 686 nm is accompanied by an increase in the lifetime of its slow component from 880 to 1250 ps. The lifetime of the slow component of the band at 673 nm is 900 ps. Heating may disturb the interaction between pigment-protein complexes, which could result in structural rearrangements in photosystem II and splitting of phycobilisomes. [on SciFinder (R)]Notes: CAN 112:19541911-6Plant BiochemistryA. N. Bakh Inst. Biochem.,Moscow,USSR.Journal0006-3029written in Russian.

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 193Author: Chu, Fun S.; Huang, Xuan; Wei, R. D.Year: 1990Title: Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for microcystins in blue-green algal bloomsJournal: Journal - Association of Official Analytical ChemistsVolume: 73Issue: 3Pages: 451-6Accession Number: AN 1990:453823Keywords: Algae; Gloeotrichia; Lyngbya; Microcystis; Microcystis aeruginosa (microcystin detn. in, by ELISA)microcystin detn algae water ELISA

Abstract: A direct competitive ELISA for the freshwater blue-green algal toxin microcystin (MCYST) in algae and water was developed. The assay involves coating anti-MCYST-variant leucine-arginine (LR) antibody to the ELISA plate and the use of MCYST-LR peroxidase as the enzyme marker. The linear portion of the std. curve for MCYST in phosphate buffer contg. saline (PBS) was 0.5-10.0 ng/mL (25-500 pg/assay). The min. detection level for MCYST-LR was 0.20 ng/mL (10 pg/assay). Contaminated water could be directly used in the ELISA. The overall anal. recoveries for MCYST-LR added to water at levels of 1-20 ng/mL was 83.4%. For anal. of cellular MCYST, the toxin was first extd. from the algae with 0.1M ammonium bicarbonate, dild. with PBS to less than 0.5 mg dried algae/mL (<5.0 mg wet wt./mL), and directly used in the ELISA. C-18 reversed-phase Sep-Pak cartridges effectively adsorbed MCYST from the toxin-contg. solns. The toxin could be recovered from the cartridge by eluting with 60% methanol. Using this approach, algae ext. that was relatively free of MCYST was prepd. and was used in a recovery study. The overall anal. recovery of MCYST added to the algae ext. in the range 0.25-20 ppm was 83% with a coeff. of variation of 11.9%. The detection limit for MCYST in dried algae was about 0.25-0.5 mg/g (0.25-0.5 ppm) lyophilized algae sample. This method was applied for the anal. of several naturally occurring algae blooms. Limited samples were also analyzed for MYCST by liq. chromatog. ELISA data were in general agreement with those obtained by liq. chromatog. MCYST concns. from 0.006 to 2.9 mg/g (6 to 2900 ppb) and from 26 to 5200 mg/g (26 ppm to 5200 ppm) were found in water and algae (dried wt.), resp. [on SciFinder (R)]Notes: CAN 113:538234-1ToxicologyFood Res. Inst.,Univ. Wisconsin,Madison,WI,USA.Journal0004-5756written in English.77238-39-2 (Microcystin); 101043-37-2 (Microcystin LR) Role: ANT (Analyte), ANST (Analytical study) (detn. of, in algae and water by ELISA); 7732-18-5 (Water) Role: AMX (Analytical matrix), ANST (Analytical study) (microcystin detn. in, by ELISA)

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 103Author: Bartley, D. D.; Morgan, A. V.Year: 1990Title: The Palynological Record of the King's Pool, Stafford, EnglandJournal: New PhytologistVolume: 116

Issue: 1Pages: 177-194Date: Sep.Keywords: Stafford, Pollen Analysis, Vegetation HistoryAbstract: The King's Pool is an elongated depression in which up to 21 m of organic sediments have been found. Details of the sediments and the macrofossils are given. The pollen diagram is presented in both percentage and concentration forms, and these show considerable differences especially for the Late Devensian period. The sequence begins at about 13 000 years BP though the pollen diagram begins near the end of the Windermere interstadial. It appears that there are a number of hiatuses in the sequence, the most important spanning most of the Atlantic period (Godwin pollen zone VIIa). Forest clearance is evident from early in the Neolithic period with further clearance in the Bronze Age (shown most clearly in the concentration diagram) but with the greatest clearance at the beginning of the Iron Age. This latter clearance is accompanied by increased productivity of the lake, indicated by organic remains, including abundant blue-green algae, suggesting eutrophication. Arable agriculture including cultivation of cereals and Cannabis seems to have increased near the end of the Roman period.Notes: FLA0028646xCambridge University PressCopyright 1990 New Phytologist TrustURL: http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0028-646X%28199009%29116%3A1%3C177%3ATPROTK%3E2.0.CO%3B2-W

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 195Author: Mishra, A. K.; Tiwari, D. N.Year: 1989Title: Isolation and characterization of pigment mutants from a filamentous cyanobacteriumJournal: Folia Microbiologica (Prague, Czech Republic)Volume: 34Issue: 3Pages: 243-51Accession Number: AN 1989:611758Keywords: Pigments (of Gloeotrichia ghosei mutants); Phycocyanins; Phycoerythrins Role: BIOL (Biological study) (of Gloeotrichia ghosei mutants); Gloeotrichia ghosei (pigmentation mutants of, isolation and characterization of)Gloeotrichia pigmentation mutantAbstract: Five strains of a pigment mutant were isolated following UV

irradn. and N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) mutagenesis from a non-nitrogen fixing mutant of the cyanobacterium Gloeotrichia ghosei. Two of them (B-1 and V-1) were isolated by UV mutagenesis and the other three (B-3, B-7, and Br-6) by MNNG mutagenesis. Among the five strains, cultures of three strains (B-1, B-3, and B-7) were typically blue-green in color. Strain V-1 was violet-pink and Br-6 was brownish in color. The parent strain of these mutants was dark-blue in color. Blue-green mutants showed a predominance of phycocyanin (610 nm), whereas violet-pink and brown strains showed a predominance of phycoerythrin (550 nm) in the absorption spectra of water-sol. pigments. In contrast to these strains, there parent strain showed both absorption peaks (at 550 and 610 nm). The occurrence of stable pigment mutants of a filamentous cyanobacterium indicates that the synthesis of water-sol. pigments is genetically controlled in these mutant strains. [on SciFinder (R)]Notes: CAN 111:21175810-4Microbial BiochemistryCent. Adv. Study Bot.,Banaras Hindu Univ.,Varanasi,India.Journal0015-5632written in English.

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 194Author: Mishra, A. K.; Tiwari, D. N.Year: 1989Title: Nitrogen Nutrition and Developmental Behavior of Some Non-Nitrogen-Fixing Mutants of Cyanobacterium Gloeotrichia-GhoseiJournal: Annales Des Sciences Naturelles-Botanique Et Biologie VegetaleVolume: 10Issue: 4Pages: 149-155Accession Number: ISI:A1989DP90500001Notes: Cited References: CARR NG, 1973, BIOL BLUE GREEN ALGA, P39 CURRIER TC, 1977, J BACTERIOL, V129, P1545 FAY P, 1968, NATURE, V220, P810 FOGG FE, 1944, NEW PHYTOL, V43, P164 GOTTO JW, 1979, J BACTERIOL, V140, P327 HASELKORN R, 1978, ANNU REV PLANT PHYS, V29, P319 HAURY JF, 1978, J BACTERIOL, V136, P688 HERBERT D, 1971, METHODS MICROBIOLO B, V5, P209 KRATZ WA, 1955, AM J BOT, V42, P282

KULASOORIYA SA, 1972, P ROY SOC B, V181, P199 MISHRA AK, 1986, NEW PHYTOL, V103, P69 MYERS J, 1955, J GEN PHYSIOL, V39, P11 NEILSON A, 1971, ARCH MIKROBIOL, V76, P139 OGAWA RE, 1969, LIMNOL OCEANOGR, V14, P342 RIPPKA R, 1978, J GEN MICROBIOL, V105, P83 SAFFERMAN RS, 1964, J BACTERIOL, V88, P771 SINHA BD, 1973, ANN BOT, V37, P673 SYRETT PJ, 1972, PHYSL BIOCH ALGAE, P171 TIWARI DN, 1977, BEITR BIOL PFLANZ, V53, P177 WILCOX M, 1975, ARCH MICROBIOL, V103, P219 WOLK CP, 1980, NITROGEN FIXATION, V2, P279 YADAVA PK, 1979, MOL GEN GENET, V173, P153EnglishURL: <Go to ISI>://A1989DP90500001Author Address: BANARAS HINDU UNIV,CTR ADV STUDY BOT,VARANASI 221005,UTTAR PRADESH,INDIA.

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 196Author: Lennihan, R.; Dickson, L. G.Year: 1989Title: Distribution, abundance and physiological aspects of N. commune in a high arctic ecosystemJournal: Journal of PhycologyVolume: 25Issue: 2 suppl.Pages: 16Alternate Journal: J. Phycol.Accession Number: 2130136Keywords: nitrogen fixation; primary production; soils; algae; abundance;Nostoc communeArctic zoneFreshwaterQ1 01482 Ecosystems and energeticsAbstract: Cyanobacteria, especially Nostoc commune are significant contributers to fundamental processes in high arctic ecosystems. Percent cover (for all soil algae) and biomass (for select genera) were determined for five distinct plant communities. Percent cover ranged from 0% up to 80%. Biomass was as high as 100 grams of dry weight per meter super(2) for N. commune). Numbers of cells of N. commune per cm super(2) ranged from 12 million down to 0. Although N. commune) dominates these habitats, other nitrogen fixing genera (such as Anabaena, Tolypothrix and Gleotrichia ) were as numerous as 8 million cells per cm super(2). To our knowledge these are the first

reported biomass estimates for arctic cyanobacteria. Nitrogen fixation rates measured by the acetylene reduction technique range from a maximum of 1400 mu mols/g. dry wt./hr (for large "sheet" colonies of N. commune)) down to a maximum of 443 mu mols/g. dry wt./hr. for Gleotrichia . These are very high rates relative to the rates reported by other investigators. Photosynthesis rates at 12 to 14 degree C averaged 12 to 16 mu mols of oxygen generated/mg. dry wt./hr. Positive rates of oxygen evolution were measured at temperatures as low as 1 to 2 degree C. The data indicate that light under field conditions is never limiting for N. commune .Notes: Annu. Meet. of the Phycological Soc. of America, Toronto, Ont. (Canada), 6-10 Aug 198919890022-3646Summary only.EnglishJournal Article; Conference; SummaryAuthor Address: Dep. Bot., Univ. Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 198Author: Lebedev, N. N.; Chan Van, Ni; Krasnovskii, A. A.Year: 1989Title: Reversible reorganization of the chlorophyll-protein complexes of photosystem II in cyanobacterium cells in the darkJournal: FEBS LettersVolume: 247Issue: 1Pages: 97-100Accession Number: AN 1989:209496Keywords: Gloeotrichia raciborski (chlorophyll-protein complexes of photosystem II of, reversible reorganization of); Photosynthetic systems (II, chlorophyll-protein complexes of, reversible organization of, Gloeotrichia raciborski); Chlorophylls Role: PROC (Process) (complexes, with proteins, of photosystem II, of Gloeotrichia raciborski, reversible reorganization of)Gloeotrichia photosystem II chlorophyll protein complexAbstract: A new emission band at 673 nm was detected in the low-temp. fluorescence spectrum of dark-adapted cyanobacteria Gloeotrichia raciborski.,. The excitation spectrum of this band was close to the absorbance of the isolated reaction center of photosystem (PS) II. The relative intensities of the bands of chlorophyll and pheophytin in this spectrum showed the relative concns. of these pigments to be about 3:1. The intensity of the band increased with darkness (half-time about 2 h). Under illumination the band rapidly

disappeared (half-time about 60 s). The appearance of a 673 nm band in the dark and its disappearance in the light were accompanied by a decrease, and, resp., an increase in the fluorescence of the PS II band at 697 nm. [on SciFinder (R)]Notes: CAN 110:20949611-6Plant BiochemistryA. N. Bakh Inst. Biochem.,Moscow,USSR.Journal0014-5793written in English.

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 197Author: Lebedev, N. N.; Ni, Chanvan; Krasnovskii, A. A.Year: 1989Title: Short-wave fluorescence of photosystem II in cyanobacteria cellsJournal: Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSRVolume: 304Issue: 6Pages: 1482-5 [Biophys ]Accession Number: AN 1989:189686Keywords: Gloeotrichia raciborskii (D1 protein dark formation and light-dependent transformation in); Fluorescence (of photosystem II in cyanobacteria, D1 protein dark formation and light-dependent transformation in response to); Proteins Role: BIOL (Biological study) (QB, formation and transformation of, in cyanobacteria); Proteins Role: FORM (Formation, nonpreparative) (photosystem II-assocd., 47,000-mol.-wt., formation of, from D1 protein, in cyanobacteria)cyanobacteria protein D1 formation transformation; QB photosystem II antenna protein GloeotrichiaAbstract: Protein D1, fluorescing at 673 nm, formed within 7 h of dark incubation of light-grown Gloeotrichia raciborski cyanobacteria. Within 3-5 min of light exposure, D1 was transformed into the 47-kDa protein of the internal antenna of photosystem II, fluorescing at 697 nm. [on SciFinder (R)]Notes: CAN 110:18968611-6Plant BiochemistryInst. Biokhim.,Moscow,USSR.Journal0002-3264written in Russian.

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 199Author: Khan, K. R.; Maxwell, T. F.; Forest, H. S.Year: 1989Title: Taxonomic implications of developmental morphology in blue-green algae: Rivularia, Gloeotrichia , and CalothrixJournal: Journal of PhycologyVolume: 25Issue: 2 suppl.Pages: 15Alternate Journal: J. Phycol.Accession Number: 2130037Keywords: morphogenesis; taxonomy; Cyanophyta; Rivularia; Gloeotrichia;Calothrixalgal cultureQ1 01223 Taxonomy and morphology; Q3 01585 Plant cultureAbstract: Cultures were obtained from collections and started with material collected in the field. Included were planktonic and non-planktonic forms, with and without gas vacuoles. Although assigned to different genera in classical taxonomy, all of the algae showed similarity in development, including stages in which the trichomes are not tapered and lack heterocysts. Gas vacuoles were not a constant character in any culture. Small differences were observed among cultures, but they were interpreted as being in the order of population variation not taxonomic categories.Notes: Annu. Meet. of the Phycological Soc. of America, Toronto, Ont. (Canada), 6-10 Aug 198919890022-3646Summary only.EnglishJournal Article; Conference; SummaryAuthor Address: State Univ. New York, Geneseo, NY 14454-1401, USA

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 200Author: Codd, G. A.; Brooks, W. P.; Priestley, I. M.; Poon, G. K.; Bell, S. G.; Fawell, J. K.Year: 1989Title: Production, detection, and quantification of cyanobacterial toxinsJournal: Toxicity AssessmentVolume: 4Issue: 4Pages: 499-511

Accession Number: AN 1990:2365Keywords: Toxins Role: BIOL (Biological study) (of cyanobacteria, prodn. and detection and quantification of); Anabaena; Aphanizomenon flos-aquae; Cyanobacteria; Gloeotrichia echinulata; Microcystis aeruginosa; Oscillatoria (toxins of, prodn. and detection and quantification of)cyanobacteria toxin prodn detectionAbstract: Cyanobacterial blooms from several British freshwaters have been toxic by mouse bioassay each year since annual sampling began in 1981. Toxic blooms of Microcystis aeruginosa, Anabaena, Gloeotrichia echinulata, Oscillatoria, and Aphanizomenon flos-aquae occur, with peptide toxin-producing Microcystis and Anabaena being most often encountered. A range of detection and quantification methods were developed for cyanobacterial peptide and alkaloid toxins to supplement the std. mouse bioassay. Both types of toxins can be readily assayed by HPLC, and facile high-performance TLC procedures were developed for their detection from natural blooms and lab. cultures. Also polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies for the assay of Microcystis toxins by ELISA and in vitro fibroblast cytotoxicity assays for the toxins of Microcystis and other cyanobacteria were developed. [on SciFinder (R)]Notes: CAN 112:23654-5ToxicologyDep. Biol. Sci.,Univ. Dundee,Dundee,UK.Journal0884-8181written in English.

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 201Author: Aziz, A.; Almousawi, A.; Whitton, B. A.Year: 1989Title: Morphogenesis of Blue-Green-Algae .2. Hair Differentiation in GloeotrichiaJournal: Bangladesh Journal of BotanyVolume: 18Issue: 2Pages: 205-208Date: DecAccession Number: ISI:A1989CF10500012Notes: EnglishURL: <Go to ISI>://A1989CF10500012Author Address: AZIZ, A, UNIV DHAKA,DEPT BOT,DHAKA 1000,BANGLADESH.

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 202Author: Singh, A. L.; Singh, P. K.; Singh, P. L.Year: 1988Title: Effects of different herbicides on the Azolla and blue-green algal biofertilization of riceJournal: Journal of Agricultural ScienceVolume: 111Issue: 3Pages: 451-8Accession Number: AN 1989:533179Keywords: Rice (biofertilizers for, Azolla and blue-green algae as, herbicides effect on efficiency of); Nitrogen fixation (by Azolla and cyanobacteria, herbicides effect on, biofertilization efficiency in rice fields in relation to); Azolla pinnata (growth and nitrogen fixation by, in rice fields, herbicides effect on, biofertilization efficiency in relation to); Herbicides (growth and nitrogen fixation of Azolla and blue-green algae in rice fields response to, biofertilization efficiency in relation to); Cyanobacteria (in rice fields, herbicides effect on, biofertilization efficiency in relation to); Toxicity (of herbicides, to cyanobacteria in rice); Fertilizer experiment (with Azolla and cyanobacteria and herbicides, with rice); Fertilizers Role: BIOL (Biological study) (bio-, Azolla and blue-green algae, for rice, herbicides effect on); Toxicity (phyto-, of herbicides, to Azolla in rice)rice biofertilizer Azolla blue green algae; herbicide rice Azolla cyanobacteriaAbstract: Pre-emergence herbicides applied at recommended rates 3 days after transplanting (DAT) rice plants, inhibited growth and N2-fixation of A. pinnata and BGA (blue-green algae dry mixts. contg. mainly Aulosira, Gloeotrichia, and Aphanothece) inoculated 10 DAT. This inhibition was up to 15 DAT in Azolla and up to 20 DAT in BGA. Butachlor (Machete) and oxadiazon (Ronstar) resulted in higher toxicity to Azolla and BGA than benthiocarb (Saturn) and pendimethalin (Stomp). The application of 0.5 kg/ha 2,4-D Na salt did not inhibit growth of Azolla but inhibited BGA growth. However, 2,4-DEE (Knochweed), a postemergence herbicide, applied 30 DAT showed inhibited the growth and N2-fixation of both Azolla and BGA. Inoculation of 2.0 tons/ha of fresh Azolla 10 DAT produced max. biomass within 20-25 days of herbicide treatments, depending upon the season. Inoculation of 10 kg/ha of a dry mixt. of BGA 10 DAT could produce the max. biomass 60 and 80 DAT in control and herbicide treated plots, resp. The biomass and nitrogen produced by Azolla recorded at max. mat formation were similar in both herbicide-treated and untreated plots, but in BGA these were higher in controls than those of herbicide-treated plots. The use of Azolla and BGA

biofertilizers along with herbicides increased the grain and straw yields, and panicle no. and nitrogen uptake, by rice over no Azolla or BGA treatments. The Azolla and BGA treatments even without weeding increased rice yield up to that of herbicide and biofertilizer treatments. [on SciFinder (R)]Notes: CAN 111:13317919-5Fertilizers, Soils, and Plant NutritionCent. Rice Res. Inst.,Cuttack,India.Journal0021-8596written in English.533-23-3 (Knochweed); 2702-72-9; 19666-30-9 (Ronstar); 23184-66-9; 28249-77-6 (Saturn); 40487-42-1 Role: BIOL (Biological study) (growth and nitrogen fixation of Azolla and blue-green algae in rice fields response to, biofertilization efficiency in relation to); 7727-37-9 Role: BIOL (Biological study) (nitrogen fixation, by Azolla and cyanobacteria, herbicides effect on, biofertilization efficiency in rice fields in relation to)

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 44Author: Richardson, Laurie L.; Aguilar, Carmen; Nealson, Kenneth H.Year: 1988Title: Manganese Oxidation in pH and $O_2$ Microenvironments Produced by PhytoplanktonJournal: Limnology and OceanographyVolume: 33Issue: 3Pages: 352-363Date: MayAbstract: Pure cultures of Chlorella sp. catalyzed the oxidation of soluble Mn(II) to particulate, extracellular, manganic oxides. Manganese oxidation was dependent on photosynthetic activity: no oxidation was observed in the dark when cells were grown heterotrophically on glucose, or in the light when photosystem II was inhibited by the addition of DCMU. Manganates were not formed when media were buffered below pH 8.0, suggesting that an important driving force for manganese oxidation was the high pH resulting from photosynthesis. Field studies with minielectrodes in Oneida Lake, New York, demonstrated steep gradients of $O_2$ and pH and the presence of particulate manganic oxides associated with pelagic aggregates of the cyanobacterium Microcystis sp. The manganese oxidation reaction apparently occurs only when photosynthesizing algae are present as dense populations that can generate microenvironments of high (>

9.0) pH, either as aggregates in the pelagic zone or concentrated cell cultures in the laboratory. A large-scale transition from soluble to particulate manganese was measured in the surface waters of Oneida Lake throughout summer 1986. Removal of Mn(II) was correlated with the presence of aggregate-forming cyanobacteria that oxidize Mn(II) by the mechanism described above.Notes: FLA00243590American Society of Limnology and OceanographylatexCopyright 1988 American Society of Limnology and OceanographyURL: http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0024-3590%28198805%2933%3A3%3C352%3AMOIPAM%3E2.0.CO%3B2-8

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 26Author: Paerl, Hans W.Year: 1988Title: Nuisance Phytoplankton Blooms in Coastal, Estuarine, and Inland WatersJournal: Limnology and OceanographyVolume: 33Issue: 4, Part 2: Comparative Ecology of Freshwater and Marine EcosystemsPages: 823-847Date: Jul.Abstract: Multiple interacting physical, chemical, and biotic factors, in proper combination, lead to the development and persistence of nuisance algal blooms. Upon examining combinations of environmental conditions most likely to elicit nuisance blooms, commonalities and analog situations become more apparent among coastal marine (dinoflagellate-dominated), estuarine (dinoflagellate and cyanobacteria-dominated), and freshwater (cyanobacteria-dominated) ecosystems. A combination of the following hydrological, chemical, and biotic factors will most likely lead to bloom-sensitive waters: a horizontally distinct water mass; a vertically stratified water column; warm weather conditions, as typified by dry monsoon tropical climates and summer seasons in temperate zones; high incident photosynthetically active radiation (PAR); enhanced allochthonous organic matter loading (both as DOC and POC); enhanced allochthonous inorganic nutrient loading (nitrogen and/or phosphorus); adequate availability of essential metals, supplied by terrigenous inputs or upwelling; underlying sediments physically and nutritionally suitable as "seed beds" for resting cysts and akinetes; algal-bacterial synergism, which exhibits positive impacts on phycosphere nutrient

cycling; algal-micrograzer (protists and rotifers) synergism, which also enhances nutrient cycling without consumption of filamentous and colonial nuisance taxa; and selective (for nonnuisance taxa) activities of macrograzers (crustacean zooplankton, larval fish). Nuisance bloom taxa share numerous additional physiological and ecological characteristics, including limited heterotrophic capabilities, high degrees of motility, and toxicity. Given such a set of commonalities, it would appear useful and timely to identify and address generally applicable criteria for deeming a water body "bloom sensitive" and to incorporate such criteria into the design of water quality management strategies applicable to both coastal marine and freshwater habitats.Notes: FLAPart 2: Comparative Ecology of Freshwater and Marine Ecosystems00243590American Society of Limnology and OceanographyCopyright 1988 American Society of Limnology and OceanographyURL: http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0024-3590%28198807%2933%3A4%3C823%3ANPBICE%3E2.0.CO%3B2-D

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 102Author: Fay, P.Year: 1988Title: Viability of Akinetes of the Planktonic Cyanobacterium Anabaena circinalisJournal: Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological SciencesVolume: 234Issue: 1276Pages: 283-301Date: Aug. 23Abstract: The viability of akinetes of the planktonic isolate Anabaena circinalis was examined in controlled laboratory experiments. Akinetes are distinctly more resistant than vegetative cells to a variety of extreme physical, chemical and biotic influences. They appear to be well protected against the effects of antimicrobial agents and are superior in tolerating longer exposures to most digestive enzymes tested. Akinetes of this cyanobacterium, however, are as susceptible as vegetative cells to certain exposures, like desiccation or ultraviolet radiation. The respiratory activity of akinetes is greatly effected by temperature as well as by exposure to light, and hence their viability is enhanced by storage at low temperature in the dark anaerobic lake sediments. The mass production of akinetes seems to be important for counterbalancing the many potential losses suffered through various environmental hazards.

Notes: FLA00804649The Royal SocietyCopyright 1988 The Royal SocietyURL: http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0080-4649%2819880823%29234%3A1276%3C283%3AVOAOTP%3E2.0.CO%3B2-W

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 203Author: Fallowfield, H. J.; Daft, M. J.Year: 1988Title: The extracellular release of dissolved organic carbon by freshwater cyanobacteria and algae and the interaction with Lysobacter CP-1Journal: Br. Phycol. J.Volume: 23Issue: 4Pages: 317-326Accession Number: 2585355Keywords: interspecific relationships; metabolism; phytoplankton;photosynthesis; amino acids; algae; bacteria; aquatic bacteria;Cyanophytadissolved organic carbon; extracellular release; aquatic bacteria;LysobacterFreshwaterQ1 01483 Species interactions: general; J 02905 Water; K 03049Algae; Q1 01226 Physiology, biochemistry, biophysics; K 03009AlgaeAbstract: In three species of algae and three species of cyanobacteria excretion of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) during photosynthesis on H super(14)CO sub(3) ranged from 0 multiplied by 03 to 0 multiplied by 39 mu g C mu g Chl/a/h. Extracellular DOC from Anabaena cylindrica) was assimilated by a Flavobacter sp. However, Lysobacter CP-1, an organism closely associated with bloom-forming cyanobacteria, increased the amount of DOC released by photosynthesizing Gloeotrichia echinulata and A. cylindrica . No similar effect was found with mixed cultures of Lysobacter CP-1 and Scenedesmus quadricauda . Lysobacter CP-1 grew in filtrates of A. cylindrica and S. quadricauda cultures predominantly at the expense of the following amino acids; aspartate, glutamate, isoleucine, glycine, histidine and serine/glutamine. The results presented here suggest that the metabolism of Lysobacter CP-1 is finely tuned to the extracellular DOC released by algae and cyanobacteria.Notes: 1988

EnglishJournal ArticleAuthor Address: Dep. Microbiol., West Scotland Agric. Coll., Auchincruive, Ayr KA6 5HW, UK

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 204Author: Chan, Hai; Yakunin, A. F.; Gogotov, I. N.Year: 1988Title: The effect of different bound nitrogen forms on the growth of some cyanobacteria isolated from the soil of Vietnam rice fields and on their nitrogenase activityJournal: MikrobiologiyaVolume: 57Issue: 6Pages: 972-6Accession Number: AN 1989:91892Keywords: Anabaena; Cyanobacteria; Gloeotrichia raciborskii; Nostoc (nitrogenase and heterocyst formation in, ammonium and nitrate and urea effect on); Nitrogen fixation (of cyanobacteria, ammonium and nitrate and urea effect on); Cyst (hetero-, of cyanobacteria, ammonium and nitrate and urea effect on)cyanobacteria nitrogenase heterocyst ammonium nitrate ureaAbstract: The rate of growth, the content of heterocysts and the activity of nitrogenase in the cyanobacteria Anabaena cylindrica, A. sphaerica, Gloetrichia raciborskii, Nostoc calcicola and N. muscorum isolated from the soil of Vietnam rice fields and growing in the presence of N2 decreased when different forms of bound nitrogen (NH4+, NO3-, urea) were added to the medium (<1.0 mM). The presence of low ammonium concns. (<0.1 mM) in the medium did not stimulate the nitrogenase activity of these cyanobacteria. They released considerable quantities of fixed N2 in the form of ammonium into the medium in the presence of L-methionine-DL-sulfoximine, a glutamine synthetase inhibitor. The frequency of heterocyst formation did not correlate with the level of nitrogenase activity. G. raciborskii nitrogenase was most resistant to the repressing action of the bound nitrogen forms. [on SciFinder (R)]Notes: CAN 110:9189210-3Microbial BiochemistryInst. Pochvoved. Fotosint.,Pushchino,USSR.Journal0026-3656written in Russian.57-13-6 (Urea); 14797-55-8 (Nitrate); 14798-03-9 (Ammonium) Role: BIOL (Biological study) (heterocyst formation and nitrogenase in

cyanobacteria response to); 7727-37-9 Role: BIOL (Biological study) (nitrogen fixation, of cyanobacteria, ammonium and nitrate and urea effect on); 9013-04-1 (Nitrogenase) Role: BIOL (Biological study) (of cyanobacteria, ammonium and nitrate and urea effect on)

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 205Author: Bisoyi, R. N.; Singh, P. K.Year: 1988Title: Effect of phosphorus fertilization on blue-green algal inoculum production and nitrogen yield under field conditionsJournal: Biology and Fertility of SoilsVolume: 5Issue: 4Pages: 338-43Accession Number: AN 1988:203808Keywords: Aphanothece; Aulosira; Cyanobacteria; Gloeotrichia (growth and nitrogen yield of, in fallow paddy fields, phosphorus fertilization effect on); Fertilizers Role: BIOL (Biological study) (superphosphate, cyanobacterial growth and nitrogen yield response to, in fallow paddy fields)cyanobacteria paddy phosphorus fertilizer; nitrogen cyanobacteria paddy phosphorus fertilizerAbstract: Expts. were conducted to assess the effects of the application of P on growth and N yield of inoculated and indigenous blue-green algae (BGA) in fallow paddy fields. Addn. of 17.4 kg P ha-1 as single superphosphate in split applications led to the highest BGA biomass and N yield, 162 kg dry wt. ha-1 and 6 kg N ha-1 per 15 days, resp. When inoculum of Aulosira spp., Aphanothece spp., Gloeotrichia spp. were compared sep., Gloeotrichia spp. grew faster but Aulosira spp. fixed more N. The growth rate and N yield of Aulosira spp. decreased with high P applications, although growth continued until the application of 34.8 kg P ha-1. The effects of P on inoculum prodn. by local species compared with those collected from other states showed the superiority of the local culture. Applications of P also enhanced the growth and N yield of indigenous BGA, with Wollea spp. showing the best results. [on SciFinder (R)]Notes: CAN 108:20380819-3Fertilizers, Soils, and Plant NutritionLab. Blue-Green Algae,Cent. Rice Res. Inst.,Cuttack,India.Journal0178-2762written in English.7727-37-9 (Nitrogen) Role: BIOL (Biological study) (cyanobacteria yield

of, in fallow paddy fields, phosphorus fertilization effect on); 7727-37-9 Role: AGR (Agricultural use), BIOL (Biological study), USES (Uses) (fertilizers, superphosphate, cyanobacterial growth and nitrogen yield response to, in fallow paddy fields)

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 206Author: Aziz, A.; Whitton, B. A.Year: 1988Title: Influence of light flux on nitrogenase activity of the deepwater rice-field cyanobacterium (blue-green alga) Gloeotrichia pisum in field and laboratoryJournal: MicrobiosVolume: 53Issue: 214Pages: 7-19Accession Number: AN 1988:164527Keywords: Gloeotrichia pisum (nitrogenase of, light regulation of); Microorganism growth (of Gloeotrichia pisum, nitrogenase regulation by light in relation to); Light (on nitrogenase of Gloeotrichia pisum)Gloeotrichia nitrogenase lightAbstract: Ests. of nitrogenase activity (using the acetylene redn. assay technique) were made on colonies of G. pisum in a deepwater rice-field in Bangladesh, where this species is often the dominant alga, and on a clonal axenic lab. isolate. The study focused on the influence of light flux, because rapid and frequent changes are a feature of the light climate during the monsoon season. The response of nitrogenase to changes in light flux was quite rapid in the field and the lab. During one field study over a 24-h period lacking any long overcast period, only 3.7% of the total nitrogenase activity took place during the night. In batch culture, higher nitrogenase activity (per unit time) occurred for a period of about 12 h after a culture, which had been left in the dark for 12 h and had been re-illuminated, than the max. activity found under continuous illumination. The increase reached a max. of .apprx.100% after 3.5 h, and by 12 h this increased activity had made good 80% of the total activity lost by incubating the culture in darkness rather than light. [on SciFinder (R)]Notes: CAN 108:16452710-2Microbial BiochemistryDep. Bot.,Univ. Durham,Durham,UK.Journal0026-2633written in English.9013-04-1 (Nitrogenase) Role: PROC (Process) (of Gloeotrichia pisum,

light regulation of)

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 207Author: Aziz, A.; Whitton, B. A.Year: 1987Title: Morphogenesis of Blue-Green-Algae .1. Filament Development in GloeotrichiaJournal: Bangladesh Journal of BotanyVolume: 16Issue: 1Pages: 69-81Date: JunAccession Number: ISI:A1987H908900008Notes: EnglishURL: <Go to ISI>://A1987H908900008Author Address: AZIZ, A, UNIV DHAKA,DEPT BOT,DHAKA,BANGLADESH.

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 209Author: Wyman, M.; Fay, P.Year: 1986Title: Interaction between Light Quality and Nitrogen Availability in the Differentiation of Akinetes in the Planktonic Cyanobacterium Gloeotrichia-EchinulataJournal: British Phycological JournalVolume: 21Issue: 2Pages: 147-153Date: JunAccession Number: ISI:A1986C739400003Notes: Cited References: ALLEN MM, 1969, ARCH MIKROBIOL, V69, P114 BENNETT A, 1973, J CELL BIOL, V58, P419 CARR NG, 1979, DEV BIOL PROKARYOTES, P167 COBB HD, 1964, AM J BOT, V51, P753 FAY P, 1969, J EXP BOT, V20, P100 FAY P, 1970, BIOCHIM BIOPHYS ACTA, V216, P353 FAY P, 1984, BRIT PHYCOL J, V19, P163 FOGG GE, 1960, P R SOC LONDON B, V153, P111 FOGG GE, 1973, BLUE GREEN ALGAE HIROSAWA T, 1979, J GEN MICROBIOL, V114, P423 LAU RH, 1977, J BACTERIOL, V132, P771 NICHOLS JM, 1980, ARCH MICROBIOL, V127, P67

ROELOFS TD, 1970, LIMNOL OCEANOGR, V15, P224 ROTHER JA, 1977, P ROY SOC LOND B BIO, V196, P317 ROTHER JA, 1979, BRIT PHYCOL J, V14, P59 SIMON RD, 1977, ARCH MICROBIOL, V111, P283 SMITH RV, 1974, BRIT PHYCOL J, V9, P239 SUTHERLAND JM, 1979, J GEN MICROBIOL, V115, P273 TALLING JF, 1961, PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY, P175 TALLING JF, 1971, MITT INT VEREIN THEO, V19, P214 WALSBY AE, 1971, P ROY SOC B, V178, P301 WOLK CP, 1965, DEV BIOL, V12, P15 YAMANAKA G, 1980, ARCH MICROBIOL, V124, P39EnglishURL: <Go to ISI>://A1986C739400003Author Address: UNIV LONDON WESTFIELD COLL,DEPT BOT & BIOCHEM,LONDON NW3 7ST,ENGLAND.

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 208Author: Wyman, M.; Fay, P.Year: 1986Title: Interaction between light quality and nitrogen availability in the differentiation of akinetes in the planktonic cyanobacterium Gloeotrichia echinulataJournal: Br. Phycol. J.Volume: 21Issue: 2Pages: 147-153Accession Number: 1503189Keywords: cell differentiation; light effects; nitrogen; resting stages;light intensity; wavelength; nutrient deficiency; interactions;akinetes; Gloeotrichia echinulatamorphogenesis; association; akinete formation; akinetes; celldifferentiation; nitrogen; resting stages; interactionsFreshwaterQ1 01422 Environmental effects; K 03001 Algae; D 04620MicroorganismsAbstract: Akinete differentiation in Gloeotrichia echinulata is stimulated in batch cultures in the absence of a source of combined nitrogen. When inorganic nitrogen is available in the medium, the logarithmic phase of growth is prolonged and akinetes form at a higher culture density than when dinitrogen is supplied as the sole source of this element. Light quality also influences the timing of akinete differentiation; akinetes are formed at a lower culture density in green light in comparison to white light, particularly in the absence of combined nitrogen. These observations are interpreted in terms of the light energy requirement for the maintenance of growth and the

spectral requirements for nitrogen fixation in cultures free of combined nitrogen. The data are related to the influence of variations in underwater light climate on the development of akinetes in natural populations of planktonic blue-green algae.Notes: 1986EnglishJournal ArticleAuthor Address: Dep. Biol. Sci., Univ. Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 101Author: Wyman, M.; Fay, P.Year: 1986Title: Underwater Light Climate and the Growth and Pigmentation of Planktonic Blue-Green Algae (Cyanobacteria) I. The Influence of Light QuantityJournal: Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological SciencesVolume: 227Issue: 1248Pages: 367-380Date: Apr. 22Abstract: The influence of variation in light quantity on the growth and pigmentation of eight strains of planktonic blue-green algae has been investigated under defined laboratory conditions. In light-limited cultures the relative concentrations of chlorophyll and phycobiliproteins per cell decline at a similar rate with increasing irradiance. Once maximum growth rate is reached, however, exposure to higher photon flux densities results in a further decline in light-harvesting capacity per cell and also in a reduction in the light absorption bandwidth owing to a preferential decrease in phycobiliprotein synthesis. Quantitative and qualitative changes in the net rates of pigment synthesis at high irradiance appear to be part of an overall mechanism that serves to maintain maximum growth rate under conditions that might otherwise favour chlorophyll photooxidation. At irradiances below those required for maximum growth rate, the net rates of chlorophyll and phycobiliprotein synthesis decline as growth becomes progressively light-limited. Such limitations of pigment synthesis appear to be imposed by genotypic constraints on the maximum cell density and on the size of photosynthetic units rather than by either light or nutrient limitation of chlorophyll and phycobiliprotein synthesis.Notes: FLA00804649The Royal SocietyCopyright 1986 The Royal Society

URL: http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0080-4649%2819860422%29227%3A1248%3C367%3AULCATG%3E2.0.CO%3B2-J

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 6Author: Wyman, M.; Fay, P.Year: 1986Title: Underwater Light Climate and the Growth and Pigmentation of Planktonic Blue-Green Algae (Cyanobacteria) II. The Influence of Light QualityJournal: Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological SciencesVolume: 227Issue: 1248Pages: 381-393Date: Apr. 22Abstract: The influence of light quality on the growth and chlorophyll and phycobiliprotein composition of eight strains of planktonic blue-green algae has been investigated. Growth rate in chromatic (red, green, blue) light (12 $\mu $E m$^{-2}$ s$^{-1}$) (1 $\mu $E = 6 $\times $ 10$^{17}$ photons) is a general function of the light absorption capacity of the cell. In all strains examined growth rate is enhanced in red light, and in Oscillatoria redekei and Gloeotrichia echinulata CC1 it exceeds the maximum growth rate possible in white light of a higher photon flux density under otherwise similar experimental conditions. In green light the growth rate of six phycocyanin-rich strains is approximately 60-75% of that in white light (12 $\mu $E m$^{-2}$ s$^{-1}$), but growth rate is enhanced in O. agardhii 7821 and G. echinulata CC1, which synthesize the green-light-absorbing phycobiliprotein, phycoerythrin. With the exception of these two phycoerythrin-producing strains, incubation in blue light results in a pronounced reduction in growth rate, which in the majority of strains is associated with a specific decline in cell chlorophyll concentrations. In all strains cell chlorophyll and phycobiliprotein content is similar in both white and green light. Associated with the enhancement of growth rate in red light there is a general decline in cell pigment concentrations. An increase in the cell chlorophyll: phycobiliprotein ratio also occurs in a number of strains in red light. This qualitative variation in pigmentation occurs where growth rate is at or near its maximum rate and in Gloeotrichia echinulata CC1 is the result of a specific reduction in the rate of phycoerythrin synthesis. In contrast to other blue-green algae capable of chromatic adaptation, the modulation of phycoerythrin synthesis in this strain is influenced considerably by the photon flux density of red light.

Notes: FLA00804649The Royal SocietylatexCopyright 1986 The Royal SocietyURL: http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0080-4649%2819860422%29227%3A1248%3C381%3AULCATG%3E2.0.CO%3B2-J

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 210Author: Whitton, B. A.; Catling, H. D.Year: 1986Title: Algal ecology of deepwater rice-fields in ThailandJournal: Archiv fur Hydrobiologie. StuttgartVolume: 105Issue: 3Pages: 289-297Alternate Journal: Arch. Hydrobiol.Accession Number: 1425077Keywords: rice fields; check lists; epiphytes; biomass; physicochemicalproperties; Bacillariophyceae; Chlorophyta; Anabaena; Nostoc;Aulosira; Bulbochaete; Oedogonium; Azolla pinnata; ThailandGloeotrichaFreshwaterQ1 01464 Other aquatic communitiesAbstract: An account is given of changes in water chemistry and algal vegeation in one Thailand deepwater rice field (Huntra) through the 1983-1984 flood season, together with comparative observations at this and two other sites in September 1982. The Huntra field had standing water for almost six months (July-January), reaching a maximum depth of 175 cm in late October. The attached algal vegetation was dominated by heterocystous species of blue-green algae throughout the period, suggesting the importance of nitrogen fixation; the most abundant genera were Nostoc , Gloeotrichia, Aulosira and Anabaena (in decreasing order). Green algae were the next most important phylum, with Bulbochaete and Oedogonium predominant. Diatoms showed an obvious increase in abundance in October.Notes: 19860003-9136EnglishJournal ArticleAuthor Address: Univ. Durham, Dep. Bot., Durham DH1 3LE, UK

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 2Author: Mishra, A. K.; Tiwari, D. N.Year: 1986Title: Mutagenesis and Isolation of Morphological Mutants Impaired in Nitrogen-Fixing Capacity from a Cynaobacterium Gloeotrichia ghoseiJournal: New PhytologistVolume: 103Issue: 1Pages: 69-77Date: MayKeywords: Cyanobacteria, Gloeotrichia ghosei, N-Methyl-N'-Nitro-N-Nitrosoguanidine, Ultra-Violet Irradiation, Nif$^-$ Mutant, Heterocyst, Nitrogen FixationAbstract: Ultraviolet (u.v.) irradiation and treatment with nitrosoguanidine (NTG) were used to produce mutants of the cyanobacterium Gloeotrichia ghosei. Three non-nitrogen fixing (nif$^-$) mutants, which were also altered in their morphological characteristics, were isolated. They were designated as fil$^1$ het$^+$, fil$^1$ het$^++$ and pol$^-$ het$^-$. The first two mutants formed heterocysts and exhibited polarity while the third (i.e. pol$^-$ het$^-$) had neither heterocysts nor polarity. The fil$^1$ het$^+$ strain had a developmental pattern similar to that of the parent alga, but with longer filaments, while the fil$^1$ het$^{++}$ strain formed chains of intercalary heterocysts and the long filaments showed evidence of intercalary polarity. The isolation of these mutants demonstrates the feasibility of using Gloeotrichia to relate developmental morphology to nitrogen fixation and heterocyst differentiation in a filamentous cyanobacterium.Notes: FLA0028646xBlackwell Science PublicationslatexCopyright 1986 New Phytologist TrustURL: http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0028-646X%28198605%29103%3A1%3C69%3AMAIOMM%3E2.0.CO%3B2-T

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 211Author: Tiwari, D. N.; Singh, L. J.; Mishra, A. K.Year: 1985Title: Evidence for a reversible action of methionine sulfoximine during growth of the cyanobacterium, Gloeotrichia ghosei singhJournal: New Phytologist

Volume: 99Issue: 3Pages: 361-5Accession Number: AN 1985:182332Keywords: Amino acids Role: BIOL (Biological study) (cyanobacterium growth inhibition by methionine sulfoximine reversal by); Gloeotrichia ghosei (methionine sulfoximine inhibition of growth and nitrogen uptake by, reversibility of)methionine sulfoximine Gloeotrichia nitrogen growthAbstract: Inhibition by L-methionine-DL-sulfoximine (MSX) of growth, NO3- and NH4+ uptake in G. ghosei disappeared after a lag period of 6-8 days. The ability of the organism to resume growth or N uptake following a lag period was not due to decay of the inhibitor. Amino acids such as glutamine or methionine, which function as N sources, abolished the inhibitory action of MSX. [on SciFinder (R)]Notes: CAN 102:18233210-5Microbial BiochemistryCent. Adv. Study Bot.,Banaras Hindu Univ.,Varanasi,India.Journal0028-646Xwritten in English.15985-39-4 Role: BIOL (Biological study) (cyanobacterium growth and nitrogen uptake inhibition by, reversibility of); 56-85-9; 63-68-3 Role: BIOL (Biological study) (cyanobacterium growth inhibition by methionine sulfoximine reversal by); 52-90-4; 56-45-1; 56-84-8; 63-91-2; 71-00-1; 73-22-3 Role: BIOL (Biological study) (cyanobacterium growth response to); 14797-55-8; 14798-03-9 Role: BIOL (Biological study) (uptake of, by cyanobacterium, methionine sulfoximine reversible action in relation to)

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 4Author: Tiwari, D. N.; Singh, L. J.; Mishra, A. K.Year: 1985Title: Evidence for a Reversible Action of Methionine Sulphoximine During Growth of the Cyanobacterium, Gloeotrichia ghosei SinghJournal: New PhytologistVolume: 99Issue: 3Pages: 361-365Date: Mar.Keywords: Cyanobacteria, Gloeotrichia ghosei, Growth, L-Methionine-DL-Sulphoximine, Nitrate, Ammonia Uptake, Amino AcidsAbstract: Inhibition by L-methionine-DL-sulphoximine (MSX) of

growth, nitrate and ammonia uptake in Gloeotrichia ghosei Singh disappeared after a lag period of 6 to 8 d. The ability of the organism to resume growth or nitrogen uptake following a lag period was not due to decay of the inhibitor. Amino acids such as glutamine or methionine, which function as nitrogen sources, abolished the inhibitory action of MSX.Notes: FLA0028646xBlackwell Science PublicationsCopyright 1985 New Phytologist TrustURL: http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0028-646X%28198503%2999%3A3%3C361%3AEFARAO%3E2.0.CO%3B2-L

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 212Author: Sarkar, S.; Jana, B. B.Year: 1985Title: Biomass determination in some species using a geometric equivalent technique of plankton organismsJournal: Acta Hydrochim. Hydrobiol.Volume: 13Issue: 2Pages: 217-221Accession Number: 1200248Keywords: plankton; ponds; biomass; fish ponds; measurement; methodologymeasuring techniquesFreshwaterD 04001 Methodology - general; K 03009 Algae; Q1 01461 PlanktonAbstract: The plankton collected from three fish ponds shows a considerable variability within a pond, between the ponds and in the course of the year. The individual volumes or weights are (minimum-mean-maximum): Gleotrichia echinulata 41-252-879 mu g super(3), Chlorella vulgaris) 18-42-94 mu m super(3), Oscillatoria amphigranulata) 99-306-827 mu m super(3), Brachionus plicatilis) 1-4.9-18 mu g, nauplia 0.5-1.25-2.35 mu g, Mesocyclops hyalinus 4-45-369- mu g, Heliodiaptomus viduus 41-202-288 mu g, Daphnia carinata 186-1468-4578 mu g.Notes: 19850323-4320EnglishJournal ArticleAuthor Address: Univ. Kalyany, Dep. Zool., 741 235 Kalyany, W.B., India

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 214Author: Mishra, A. K.; Tiwari, D. N.Year: 1985Title: Enhancement of NTG mutagenesis by chloramphenicol in Gloeotrichia ghoseiJournal: Molecular and General GeneticsVolume: 201Issue: 2Pages: 351-2Accession Number: AN 1986:181467Keywords: Mutation (from methylnitronitrosoguanidine, in Gloeotrichia ghosei, chloramphenicol effect on); Gloeotrichia ghosei (methylnitrosoguanidine mutagenicity in, chloramphenicol effect on)methylnitronitrosoguanidine mutagenicity Gloeotrichia chloramphenicolAbstract: The mutagenicity of N-methyl-N-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (NTG) [70-25-7] for G. ghosei, a cyanobacterium, was enhanced by simultaneous treatment with NTG and chloramphenicol [70-25-7] with minimal effect on survival. Addn. of chloramphenicol at the time of NTG treatment enhanced the mutation frequency of the filsmarker .apprx.10-fold. [on SciFinder (R)]Notes: CAN 104:1814674-6ToxicologyCent. Adv. Study Bot.,Banaras Hindu Univ.,Varanasi,India.Journal0026-8925written in English.56-75-7; 70-25-7 Role: BIOL (Biological study) (mutagenicity in Gloeotrichia ghosei in relation to); 70-25-7 Role: ADV (Adverse effect, including toxicity), BIOL (Biological study) (mutagenicity of, in Gloeotrichia ghosei, chloramphenicol effect on)

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 213Author: Mishra, B. B.; Nanda, D. R.; Misra, B. N.Year: 1985Title: Reclamation with blue-green algae: changes in nucleic acids, protein and nitrogen content of algae exposed to solid waste of a chlor-alkali factoryJournal: Environmental Pollution, Series A: Ecological and BiologicalVolume: 37Issue: 2Pages: 97-104

Accession Number: AN 1985:107771Keywords: Waste solids (from chlor-alkali plant, algae response to, mercury content in relation to); Aphanothece; Cyanobacteria; Cylindrospermum; Gloeotrichia; Nostoc (mercury uptake by, chlor-alkali solid waste reclamation in relation to); Deoxyribonucleic acids; Proteins; Ribonucleic acids Role: BIOL (Biological study) (of blue-green algae, mercury uptake effect on, chlor-alkali solid waste reclamation in relation to)mercury solid waste algae reclamationAbstract: During an attempt at the possible reclamation of solid waste from a chlor-alkali factory by blue-green algae, the effects of Hg-contaminated solid waste on biochem. variables were studied. DNA, RNA, protein, and algal N content of the algal material showed a significant decrease with increase in time and also solid waste concn. An increase in RNA/DNA ratio and a decrease in protein/RNA ratio were also obsd. Algae accumulated appreciable amts. of Hg from the waste, showing dependence on both concn. and time. Significant correlations were obtained between Hg uptake and concns. of the waste and between different combinations of algae and Hg uptake. [on SciFinder (R)]Notes: CAN 102:1077714-3ToxicologyDep. Bot.,Berhampur Univ.,Berhampur,India.Journal0143-1471written in English.7727-37-9 Role: BIOL (Biological study) (of blue-green algae, mercury uptake effect on, chlor-alkali solid waste reclamation in relation to); 7439-97-6 Role: BIOL (Biological study) (uptake of, by algae, chlor-alkali solid waste reclamation in relation to)

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 215Author: Maity, H.; Santra, S. C.Year: 1985Title: Blue-green algal flora of 24-Paraganas, West Bengal (India)Journal: Phykos (Algiers)Volume: 24Issue: 1-2Pages: 46-51Alternate Journal: Phykos.Accession Number: 1392319Keywords: geographical distribution; aquatic environment; check lists; rice

fields; growth; ecophysiology; environmental factors; ecologicaldistribution; Cyanophyta; IndiaIndia, West Bengal, 24-ParaganasFreshwaterK 03009 Algae; Q1 01422 Environmental effects; K 03095 Soil; Q101222 Geographical distributionAbstract: Forty six species of blue green algae, belonging to twenty five genera have been reported from different localities and habitats of 24 Paraganas (West Bengal). The varied environmental factors and habitat conditions of this district, affecting growth of the algae, have been outlined. Gloeocapsa, Aphanocapsa, Schizothrix, Lyngbya, Aulosira and Gloeotrichia were found to be dominant in the rice fields.Notes: 19850554-1182EnglishJournal ArticleAuthor Address: Sch. Environ. Sci., Univ. Kalyani, Nadia, West Bengal, India

Reference Type: ReportRecord Number: 216Author: Lambert, G. L.; Carr, N. G.Year: 1985Title: Isolation, characterization and cloning of plasmids from hydrogen producing cyanobacteriaInstitution: Dep. Biochem.,Univ. Liverpool,Liverpool,UK.Pages: 33 ppAccession Number: AN 1985:517151Keywords: Anabaena variabilis; Nostoc; Plectonema (cryptic plasmids of, isolation and restriction mapping of); Methylation (of DNA of filamentous cyanobacteria); Plasmid and Episome (of cyanobacteria, isolation and characterization of); Deoxyribonucleic acids Role: BIOL (Biological study) (of plasmid, of cyanobacteria, restriction mapping of); Molecular cloning (of plasmids, from cyanobacteria); Cyanobacteria (plasmids of, isolation and characterization of)plasmid cyanobacteria; cloning plasmid cyanobacteriaAbstract: Several procedures for the isolation of plasmids from cyanobacteria were compared, and a method consisting of phenol extn. of cleared lysates proved the most satisfactory. Plasmids ranging in size from 2.6 to >=30 MDa were isolated. Using restriction endonuclease enzymes, phys. maps of cryptic plasmids from the filamentous cyanobacteria Anabaena variabilis PCC 7118 (pGL1:3.6 MDa), Nostoc PCC 6705 (pGL2: 2.6 MDa), and Plectonema PCC 6306 (pGL3: 0.95 MDa) were generated. Selectable markers were introduced onto pGL2 and pGL3 by fusing them to the vector pBR328, using their single restriction sites for ClaI. The recombinant plasmids generated

were characterized with respect to the orientation of the insert and the single sites for restriction endonucleases which they possess. The stability of pGL1 and of the 2 recombinant plasmids in culture was investigated, and a method for isolating larger cyanobacteria plasmis (>20 MDa) was devised. Chromosomal DNA from 9 species of filamentous cyanobacteria as diverse as Nostoc, Gloeotrichia, and Plectonema is suggested to be extensively modified (methylated) by its resistance to cleavage by a no. of restriction endonucleases. A remarkably similar pattern of DNA modification in these species contrasts with the known heterogeneity of their type II restriction endonuclease content. In particular, Nostoc PCC 73102, which lacks detectable sequence-specific endonucleases, is shown to possess extensive DNA modification. The use of isoschizomers demonstrates the presence of a methylase in the filamentous strains analogous to the dam enzyme of Escherichia coli. [on SciFinder (R)]Notes: CAN 103:1171513-1Biochemical GeneticsReportwritten in English.81457-99-0 Role: PRP (Properties) (of filamentous cyanobacteria)

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 100Author: Horne, A. J.; Galat, D. L.Year: 1985Title: Nitrogen Fixation in an Oligotrophic, Saline Desert Lake: Pyramid Lake, NevadaJournal: Limnology and OceanographyVolume: 30Issue: 6Pages: 1229-1239Date: Nov.Abstract: High rates of nitrogen fixation by a short-lived but dense unialgal bloom of the planktonic blue-green Nodularia spumigena provide 99.5% of the alga's needs and 81% of Pyramid Lake's annual total combined nitrogen input in 1979. The bloom was spatially very heterogeneous. Bloom size, duration, and presumably $N_2$ fixation vary from year to year, but in 1979 about 900 t of nitrogen were fixed in 2 months in this large deep lake. The annual rate of $N_2$ fixation was about $2 g m^-2$. In this year of low inflow the Truckee River provided 54 t of inorganic nitrogen and 83 t of organic nitrogen. Planktoni $N_2$ fixation has not been measured during high inflow years and may have been small relative to river input. Lakewide average heterocyst to vegetative cell (h: c) ratios followed seasonal

trends in $N_2$ fixation, but synoptic samples showed only a weak relation between h: c and $N_2$ fixation. $N_2$ fixation was induced by low epilimnetic levels of inorganic nitrogen and ended before lake overturn in the fall. High rates of $N_2$ fixation were confined to the upper 5% of the epilimnetic volume and thus occurred only in calm weather when Nodularia colonies floated to the lake surface. Access to freshly dissolved atmospheric $CO_2$ may account for the near-surface dependence, since the lake pH is normally about 9.2. We predict that Nodularia will not show the same degree of near-surface dependence in near-neutral lakes or in the ocean.Notes: FLA00243590American Society of Limnology and OceanographylatexCopyright 1985 American Society of Limnology and OceanographyURL: http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0024-3590%28198511%2930%3A6%3C1229%3ANFIAOS%3E2.0.CO%3B2-D

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 217Author: Duong, Tran Phuoc; Tiedje, James M.Year: 1985Title: Nitrogen fixation by naturally occurring duckweed-cyanobacterial associationsJournal: Canadian Journal of MicrobiologyVolume: 31Issue: 4Pages: 327-30Accession Number: AN 1985:218518Keywords: Nitrogen fixation (in duckweed-cyanobacterial assocns.); Symbiosis (in nitrogen fixation in duckweed cyanobacterial assocns.); Duckweed (nitrogen fixation assocd. with blooms of, in water); Anabaena; Calothrix; Cylindrospermum; Gloeotrichia; Nostoc (nitrogen fixation in duckweed assocd. with, in water); Waters (nitrogen fixation in duckweed-cyanobacterial assocn. in); Duckweed (L. trisulca, nitrogen fixation assocd. with blooms of, in water)nitrogen nutrition duckweed cyanobacteria; nitrogen fixation duckweed water ecolAbstract: N fixation as measured by acetylene conversion to ethylene was found to be common for duckweed blooms on ponds, lakes, and streams in Michigan. Twenty-six of 29 sites with duckweed sampled over a 2-yr period showed acetylene redn. activity (ARA). These activities corresponded to N inputs of 3.7-7.5 kg N/ha/annual cycle for typical blooms but dense Lemna trisulca blooms could be 10 times greater. The ARA was stimulated 5-6-fold by light, was not removed

when plants were shaken in water, and was usually assocd. with the leaves and not the roots. Colonies of heterocyst-bearing cyanobacteria of the genera Nostoc, Gloeotrichia, Anabaena, Calothrix, and Cylindrospermum were obsd. attached to the lower epidermis or in the reproductive pockets of leaves of Spirodela and Lemna plants but not on Wolffia plants. The ARA correlated reasonably well with the d. of cyanobacterial colonies obsd. The duckweed appeared to provide a more favorable environment for the cyanobacteria which should result in enhanced nitrogen inputs to aquatic and sediment environments harboring duckweed. The N2 fixation was not sufficient, however, to meet all the N needs of the duckweed bloom. [on SciFinder (R)]Notes: CAN 102:21851811-3Plant BiochemistryDep. Crop Soil Sci.,Michigan State Univ.,East Lansing,MI,USA.Journal0008-4166written in English.

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 219Author: Chang, T. P.; Chang-Schneider, H.Year: 1985Title: Revision of the cyanophycean genus GloeotrichiaJournal: Archiv fuer Hydrobiologie, SupplementVolume: 71Issue: 1-2Pages: 249-256Alternate Journal: Arch. Hydrobiol. (Suppl.).Original Publication: Revision der Blaualgengattung GloeotrichiaAccession Number: 1077536Keywords: taxonomy; cell morphology; GloeotrichiaFreshwaterQ1 01223 Taxonomy and morphologyNotes: 19850342-1120Referred to also as Algological Studies 38/39.GermanJournal ArticleAuthor Address: Rosenst. 15, D-8044 Lohhof, FRG

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 218Author: Chang, T. P.Year: 1985

Title: Comparative studies on Gloeotrichia -speciesJournal: Archiv fuer Hydrobiologie, SupplementVolume: 71Issue: 1-2Pages: 235-247Alternate Journal: Arch. Hydrobiol. (Suppl.).Original Publication: Vergleichsstudien and Gloeotrichia -ArtenAccession Number: 1193339Keywords: cell morphology; cultured organisms; nutritional requirements;GloeotrichiaFreshwaterQ1 01223 Taxonomy and morphologyAbstract: The morphological variability of some species in the genus Gloeotrichia was studied and compared with the cultures from the algal collections as well as the collected samples from natural environments. Inter-strain variations were not investigated but the inter-species variations were. Filaments with both heterocysts and akinetes belong to Gloeotrichia species, such as Gl. echinulata, Gl. longicauda and Gl. natans . The morphologically changed forms of one species in the nutrient-enriched cultures are very comparable with different described species living in the polluted waters. Some ecological co-relations between morphological changes and nutrient requirements are discussed.Notes: 19850342-1120Referred to also as Algol. Stud. 38/39.GermanJournal ArticleAuthor Address: Inst. Strahlenhyg. Bundesgesundheitsamtes, Ingolstaedter Landstr. 1, D-8042 Neuherberg, FRG

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 220Author: Batten, D. J.; Van Geel, B.Year: 1985Title: Celyphus rallus , probable Early Cretaceous rivulariacean blue-green algaJournal: Review of Paleaobotany and PalynologyVolume: 44Issue: 3-4Pages: 233-241Alternate Journal: Rev. Palaeobot. Palynol.Accession Number: 1070243Keywords: vegetal fossils; Cretaceous; British Isles, EnglandCelyphus rallus

FreshwaterQ1 01187 PalaeontologyAbstract: The morphological resemblance between the sheaths of modern Gloeotrichia and Early Cretaceous Celyphus rallus Batten strongly suggests that the latter is a Mesozoic relative of extant blue-green algal species belonging to the family Rivulariaceae. The fossils are typically encountered in argillaceous sediments that were deposited in non-marine environments.Notes: 1985EnglishJournal ArticleAuthor Address: Dep. Geol. and Mineral., Marischal Coll., Aberdeen Univ., Aberdeen AB9 1AS, UK

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 99Author: Pick, F. R.; Lean, D. R. S.; Nalewajko, C.Year: 1984Title: Nutrient Status of Metalimnetic Phytoplankton PeaksJournal: Limnology and OceanographyVolume: 29Issue: 5Pages: 960-971Date: Sep.Abstract: The nutrient state of the chrysophyte, Chrysosphaerella longispina, forming a large metalimnetic chlorophyll a peak in Jacks Lake, Ontario, was examined over several summers. Turnover times of phosphate were fast in the epilimnion (minutes) but slow (hours) at the depth of the peak. Long turnover times, high concentrations of polyphosphate, low P debt, low $V_max$, and high $K_t$ values for phosphorus all indicated that initially the peak was not more P-deficient than epilimnetic phytoplankton. However, with time it became P-deficient and this factor coincided with its demise in August. At no time was the peak population N-deficient. The peak population was not supplied by nutrients from the hypolimnion nor from the mineralization of sedimenting epilimnetic material but instead seemed to have brought cellular reserves of phosphorus when it migrated down from the epilimnion.Notes: FLA00243590American Society of Limnology and OceanographylatexCopyright 1984 American Society of Limnology and OceanographyURL: http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0024-3590%28198409%2929%3A5%3C960%3ANSOMPP%3E2.0.CO%3B2-%23

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 98Author: Oliver, R. L.; Walsby, A. E.Year: 1984Title: Direct Evidence for the Role of Light-Mediated Gas Vesicle Collapse in the Buoyancy Regulation of Anabaena flos-aquae (Cyanobacteria)Journal: Limnology and OceanographyVolume: 29Issue: 4Pages: 879-886Date: Jul.Abstract: Quantitative measurements were made of the changes in gas vacuole volume and the major components of cell mass (protein and carbohydrate) on culture of Anabaena flos-aquae which lost buoyancy as they were shifted from low to high light intensity. assuming densities of $1,300 kg \cdot m^-3$ for protein and 1,600 for carbohydrate, we calculated the change in ballast brought about by changes in these components and compared them with ballast changes resulting from gas vacuole collapse. We also compared the calculated excess density of filaments with direct measurements of filament density in gradients of Percoll. The results clearly demonstrate that increased density resulted from the loss of gas vacuoles. Small variations in density could be attributed to charges in protein and carbohydrate but these would not have caused a loss of buoyancy in the absence of a decrease in gas vacuole content. Analyses of the type described can be used to determine the cause of buoyancy change in other microorganisms and can be performed on phytoplankton collected from lakes.Notes: FLA00243590American Society of Limnology and OceanographylatexCopyright 1984 American Society of Limnology and OceanographyURL: http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0024-3590%28198407%2929%3A4%3C879%3ADEFTRO%3E2.0.CO%3B2-%23

Reference Type: BookRecord Number: 221Author: Lazaroff, N.; DiBlasio, E.; Tannenbaum, C.Year: 1984Title: A comparative study of photoinduced nostocacean development

ISBN: 0022-3646Accession Number: 910466Keywords: light effects; Nostoc; Gloeotrichiabiological developmentFreshwaterQ1 01224 Reproduction and developmentAbstract: A cycle of development controlled by the quality of incident light had been described previously for Nostoc muscorum A and Nostoc commune 584. The authors now describe the occurrence of photoinduced development in four additional axenic strains of Nostoc and an analogous process in a Gloeotrichia species that exhibits complementary chromatic adaptation.Notes: Annual Meeting of the Phycological Society of America, Fort Collins, CO (USA), 5-9 Aug 1984(ABSTRACTS. ANNUAL MEETING OF THE PHYCOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA, 1984)., 1984, p. 23, Journal of Phycology [J. PHYCOL.], vol. 20, no. suppl.Summary only.EnglishBook Monograph; Conference; SummaryAuthor Address: State Univ. New York, Binghamton, NY 13901, USA

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 222Author: Lambert, Grant R.; Carr, Noel G.Year: 1984Title: Resistance of DNA from filamentous and unicellular cyanobacteria to restriction endonuclease cleavageJournal: Biochimica et Biophysica ActaVolume: 781Issue: 1-2Pages: 45-55Accession Number: AN 1984:134496Keywords: Anabaena; Anabaena variabilis; Anacystis nidulans; Aphanocapsa; Aphanothece halophytica; Cyanobacteria; Escherichia coli; Gloeocapsa alpicola; Gloeotrichia; Nostoc; Plectonema boryanum; Synechococcus (DNA of, methylation state of, restriction endonuclease cleavage in relation to); Methylation (of DNA, of cyanobacteria, restriction endonuclease cleavage in relation to); Deoxyribonucleic acids Role: BIOL (Biological study) (of cyanobacteria, methylation state of, restriction endonuclease cleavage in relation to)cyanobacteria DNA methylation restriction endonuclease; chromosome DNA methylation cyanobacteriaAbstract: Chromosomal DNA from 9 species of filamentous cyanobacteria as diverse as Nostoc, Gloeotrichia, and Plectonema is suggested to be extensively modified (methylated) by its resistance to

cleavage by a no. of restriction endonucleases. A remarkably similar pattern of DNA modification in these species contrasts with the known heterogeneity of their type II restriction endonuclease content. In particular, Nostoc PCC 73102, which lacks detectable sequence-specific endonucleases, possesses extensive DNA modification. The use of isoschizomers demonstrates the presence of a methylase in the filamentous strains analogous to the dam enzyme of Escherichia coli. As a preliminary to assessing the significance of the DNA modification, a study of susceptibility to restriction endonuclease cleavage of the genomes of 5 unicellular cyanobacteria revealed considerable variation among the different strains. The significance of the DNA modification patterns elucidated is discussed in terms of the restriction endonuclease content and cellular differentiation of the relevant cyanobacterial strains. [on SciFinder (R)]Notes: CAN 100:1344966-2General BiochemistryDep. Biochem.,Univ. Liverpool,Liverpool,UK.Journal0006-3002written in English.80449-04-3; 80498-17-5; 81295-09-2; 81295-12-7; 81295-18-3; 81295-22-9; 81295-24-1; 81295-25-2; 81295-28-5; 81295-32-1; 81295-33-2; 81295-34-3; 81295-38-7; 81295-42-3; 81295-43-4; 81458-03-9; 81458-04-0; 81811-55-4; 83589-01-9; 83589-02-0 Role: BIOL (Biological study) (DNA of cyanobacteria cleavage by, DNA methylation state in relation to)

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 223Author: Cmiech, H. A.; Leedale, G. F.; Reynolds, C. S.Year: 1984Title: Morphological and ultrastructural variability of planktonic Cyanophyceae in relation to seasonal periodicity. I. Gloeotrichia echinulata: Vegetative cells, polarity, heterocysts, akinetesJournal: Br. Phycol. J.Volume: 19Issue: 3Pages: 259-275Accession Number: 3906585Keywords: cell morphology; phytoplankton; seasonal variations;ultrastructure; cytology; Gloeotrichia echinulataFreshwaterQ1 01223 Taxonomy and morphologyAbstract: Morphology, cytology and ultrastructure of vegetative cells,

filament polarity, heterocyst differentiation and akinete development in Gloeotrichia echinulata are described under natural conditions for the first time by following wild populations of the alga over two successive field seasons. The ageing sequence of vegetative cells is studied in space and time by comparing cells from one end of a filament to the other and by comparing filaments through a complete cycle of growth and development. Heterocysts are characterized by massive sheaths and absence of membranous polar elaborations; healthy gas vesicles are retained in the heterocyst, even into senescence. Akinetes develop a "spore sheath" by modification of the filament sheath. As the akinete develops, a dense stratified deposit accumulates externally to the adjacent chain of meristematic cells. These become isolated and eventually detached, presumably as a hormogonial form of perennation. (DBO)Notes: 19840007-1617EnglishJournal ArticleAuthor Address: Dep. Plant Sci., Univ. Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK

Reference Type: BookRecord Number: 224Author: Chang, T. P.Year: 1984Title: Revision of the genus Gloeotrichia (Cyanophyta)ISBN: 0022-3646Accession Number: 909740Keywords: plant morphology; taxonomy; GloeotrichiaFreshwaterQ1 01223 Taxonomy and morphologyAbstract: Gloeotrichia , according to the presence of basal akinetes and heterocysts, should be separated from Rivularia as an independent genus in which more than 20 species and forms are known from literature and which can be now regrouped according to their similarities in morphological descriptions and original figurations. These 3 groups are examined with recently collected samples and cultured strains and, conclusively, only 3 are relevant species.Notes: Annual Meeting of the Phycological Society of America, Fort Collins, CO (USA), 5-9 Aug 1984(ABSTRACTS. ANNUAL MEETING OF THE PHYCOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA, 1984)., 1984, p. 26, Journal of Phycology [J. PHYCOL.], vol. 20, no. suppl.Summary only.EnglishBook Monograph; Conference; SummaryAuthor Address: Inst. Radiat. Hyg., BGA, D-8042 Neuherberg, FRG

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 225Author: Oliver, R. L.; Utkilen, H. C.; Walsby, A. E.Year: 1983Title: Two mechanisms of buoyancy change in planktonic CyanobacteriaJournal: Br. Phycol. J.Volume: 18Issue: 2Pages: 207Accession Number: 545671Keywords: buoyancy; density; plant physiologygas vesicles; CyanobacteriaFreshwaterQ1 01223 Taxonomy and morphologyAbstract: Planktonic Cyanobacteria are able to derive buoyancy from their gas vesicles but many species are positively buoyant only at low light intensities. It has been proposed that in some, e.g., species of Anabaena , Aphanizomenon and Gloeotrichia , loss of buoyancy at high light intensity results from collapse of a proportion of their gas vesicles by increased cell turgor pressure. Indirect evidence for this mechanism has been provided by analysis of gas vesicle collapse-pressure curves. Experiments with Anabaena flos-aquae confirmed that the volume of gas vesicles collapsed accounted for the loss of buoyancey. Similar measurements of a red-coloured variety of Oscillatoria agardhii showed that gas vesicle collapse did not occur in this organism, because its gas vesicles were much stronger. This prevented gas vesicle regulation by turgor pressure. Changes in density of the Oscillatoria resulted from the dilution of gas vesicles by growth and the accumulation of cell components that contributed ballast.Notes: Winter Meeting of the British Phycological Society, Newcastle (UK), 4-7 Jan 19831983EnglishJournal Article; Conference; SummaryAuthor Address: Univ. Bristol, Bristol, UK

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 227Author: Martinez, M. R.; Dulayleong, N.; Aquino, R. F.Year: 1983Title: Resistance of the Blue-Green-Alga Gloeotrichia-Natans to DesiccationJournal: Kalikasan-the Philippine Journal of BiologyVolume: 12

Issue: 1-2Pages: 182-186Accession Number: ISI:A1983RB98200025Notes: EnglishURL: <Go to ISI>://A1983RB98200025Author Address: MARTINEZ, MR, UNIV PHILIPPINES,DEPT BOT,LOS BANOS 3720,PHILIPPINES.

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 226Author: Martinez, M. R.; Dulay-Leong, N.; Aquino, R. F.Year: 1983Title: Resistance of the blue-green alga Gloeotrichia natans to desiccationJournal: KalikasanVolume: 12Issue: 1-2Pages: 182-186Accession Number: 886910Keywords: desiccation; biological resistance; Gloeotrichia natansresistance; characterization; biological resistanceFreshwaterK 03005 Algae; Q1 01422 Environmental effectsNotes: 1983EnglishJournal ArticleAuthor Address: Dep. Bot., Univ. Philippines at Los Banos, College, Laguna 3720, Philippines

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 228Author: Leeuwangh, P.; Kappers, F. I.; Dekker, M.; Koerselman, W.Year: 1983Title: Toxicity of cyanobacteria in Dutch lakes and reservoirsJournal: Aquatic ToxicologyVolume: 4Issue: 1Pages: 63-72Accession Number: AN 1983:502015Keywords: Toxins Role: BIOL (Biological study) (from cyanobacteria in waterblooms in lakes and reservoirs of Holland); Gloeotrichia echinulata; Microcystis aeruginosa; Oscillatoria agardhii (toxins from waterblooms of, in lakes and reservoirs of Holland); Cyanobacteria (toxins from, in lakes and reservoirs of Holland)cyanobacteria waterbloom toxin; Microcystis waterbloom toxin; Oscillatoria waterbloom toxin; Gloeotrichia waterbloom toxin

Abstract: In the summer of 1980, waterblooms and scums of Microcystis aeruginosa, Oscillatoria agardhii, and Gloeotrichia echinulata were collected at 11 locations. Acute toxicity of sonificated cyanobacterial suspensions was tested by i.p. injection in mice. The results indicate than in 9 of 10 locations, M. aeruginosa hepatotoxin(s) were present. These cyanobacterial endotoxin(s), the so-called Fast-Death Factor (FDF) or mycrocystin, caused death in mice within 3 h. In most samples, assocd. bacterial toxin(s), the so-called Slow-Death Factor (SDF), causing death within 4 to 48 h were possibly involved in SDF intoxication symptoms and mortality. Suspensions of O. agardhii were also found to be lethal. Symptoms and mortality are thought to be attributed to >=2 toxic factors, one resembling FDF, the other possibly resulting from assocg. bacteria. Administration of G. echinulata suspensions did not kill mice but produced symptoms of illness. The symptoms were not consistent with those obsd. with Microcystis FDF or SDF. [on SciFinder (R)]Notes: CAN 99:10201510-1Microbial BiochemistryDep. Vet. Pharmacol. Pharm. Toxicol.,Univ. Utrecht,Utrecht,Neth.Journal0166-445Xwritten in English.

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 230Author: Chang, T. P.Year: 1983Title: The Morphology of Gloeotrichia-Echinulata (Smith) Richter in Axenic CultureJournal: Schweizerische Zeitschrift Fur Hydrologie-Swiss Journal of HydrologyVolume: 45Issue: 1Pages: 296-297Accession Number: ISI:A1983RQ96900022Notes: GermanURL: <Go to ISI>://A1983RQ96900022Author Address: BUNDESGESUNDHEITSAMT,INST STRAHLENHYG,D-8042 NEUHERBERG,FED REP GER.

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 229Author: Chang, T. P.Year: 1983

Title: Interaction of water-blooming cyanophyte Gloeotrichia echinulata and its endophytic blue-green alga Pseudanabaena catenataJournal: Archiv fur Hydrobiologie. StuttgartVolume: 97Issue: 3Pages: 320-328Alternate Journal: Arch. Hydrobiol.Accession Number: 655272Keywords: algal blooms; seasonality; endoparasitism; Pseudanabaena catenataGloetricha echinulata; Germany, Fed. Rep., Schleswig-Holstein,Great Ploener L.FreshwaterQ1 01484 Species interactions: parasites and diseasesAbstract: During its summer vegetation period G. echinulata appears rhythmically in lake surface waters for one to two days and then disappears in the following 8-9 days. This bloom alga which appeared for June-July contained no P. catenata and in August - September carried some Pseudanabaena trichomes. It has been observed that P. catenata can grow into G. echinulata cells and can destroy the host alga totally. A heterotrophic growth on cell-lysates of host alga is possible for P. catenata . The presence of such endophyte can be considered as a risk factor for the host alga and thus can be used to explain the recessive phenomenon of G. echinulata in the Ploener Lake.Notes: 19830003-9136EnglishJournal ArticleAuthor Address: Inst. Strahlenhyg. Bundesgesundheitsamtes, Ingolstaedter Landst. 1, 8042 Neuherberg, FRG

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 17Author: Cattaneo, A.Year: 1983Title: Grazing on EpiphytesJournal: Limnology and OceanographyVolume: 28Issue: 1Pages: 124-132Date: Jan.Abstract: A correlation was found between the seasonal epiphyte cycle in Lake Memphremagog (Quebec-Vermont), with a maximum in mid-June, and the abundance of grazers (mainly oligochaetes and

chironomids). Evidence for a cause and effect relationship was provided by exclosure-enclosure experiments. When grazers were excluded epiphyte biomass did not decline as it did in the lake. Addition of grazers to a dense epiphyte over resulted in a decline qualitatively and quantitatively similar to that in the lake. Grazing pressure, calculated from general empirical equations for aquatic deposit feeders, was of the required order of magnitude to explain the decline in epiphyte biomass. Because similar seasonal epiphyte cycles have been described elsewhere these findings should have a wider relevance.Notes: FLA00243590American Society of Limnology and OceanographyCopyright 1983 American Society of Limnology and OceanographyURL: http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0024-3590%28198301%2928%3A1%3C124%3AGOE%3E2.0.CO%3B2-A

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 231Author: Yallop, M. L.; Whitton, B. A.Year: 1982Title: Physiological Ecology of Blue-Green Algae in Deepwater Rice/Fields of BangladeshJournal: Br. Phycol. J.Volume: 17Issue: 2Pages: 241Accession Number: 267381Keywords: ecophysiology; nitrogen fixation; light intensity; rice fields;Cyanophyta; Aulosira; Gloeotrichia; Spirogyra; Draparnaldia;BangladeshFreshwaterQ1 01461 PlanktonAbstract: Large areas of Bangladesh are flooded during the months of June to October to a depth o at least 1 multiplied by 5-2 multiplied by 0 m; some 2 x 10 super(6) ha of this land are planted with deepwater rice. A study was made during mid-August to mid-September 1981 of the ecology of seven sites near Dacca, as part of a project to establish the role of blue-green algae in the growth of the deepwater rice. The waters were found to be relatively soft (50-190 mu S cm super(-1)) and with minimum pH values below or near 7 multiplied by 0; higher values were however often recorded in the afternoon due to the influence of photosynthetic activity in the poorly buffered waters. A relatively rich algal flora occurred together with submerged macrophyte weeds in open areas among the rice fields; the algal dominants were Aulosira,

Gloeotrichia, Spirogyra and Draparnaldia . Algal growth in the rice fields consisted mostly of one form of Gloeotrichia , forming small colonies attached to the culms, nodal roots and the older leaves of the rice plants. Such colonies were often very abundant on plants near the edge of the rice fields, but much less abundant away from the edge. Rates of nitrogen fixation were measured using the acetylene reduction technique. Results indicated that such rates were extremely sensitive to ambient light intensities.Notes: British Phycological Society Winter Meeting, London (UK), 5 Jan 19821982Summary only.Journal Article; Conference; SummaryAuthor Address: Univ. Durham, Durham, UK

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 97Author: Stauffer, Robert E.Year: 1982Title: Wind Stress Effects on Chlorophyll Distribution in Stratified Eutrophic LakesJournal: Limnology and OceanographyVolume: 27Issue: 1Pages: 66-74Date: Jan.Abstract: The spatial distribution of Chl a in eutrophic Lakes Mendota and Delavan, Wisconsin, were studied during the 1971-1972 stratified seasons. A surface bloom was present on only 6 of 64 sampling dates, always associated with calm, sunny weather following cold fronts. A subsurface Chl a maximum was often observed at 3-5 m, associated with a transient upper breeze thermocline. Analysis of distributed-lag antecedent wind stress showed that stress during the 6 h immediately before sampling predicts lateral gradients in chlorophyll standing crop (CSC) unless slight recent stress follows both high stress and an important directional shift. The short response time agrees with fetch transit times for the surface wind drift current and lag times involving the epilimnetic set-up. Increasing the average CSC increases its lateral response to wind stress, possibly because large standing crops tend to be buoyant and hence readily advected by the wind.Notes: FLA00243590American Society of Limnology and OceanographyCopyright 1982 American Society of Limnology and OceanographyURL: http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0024-3590%28198201%2927%3A1%3C66%3AWSEOCD%3E2.0.CO%3B2-I

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 232Author: Kostyaev, V. YaYear: 1982Title: Molecular nitrogen fixation by an epiphyte complex of aquatic plants in Latvian lakesJournal: MikrobiologiyaVolume: 51Issue: 6Pages: 1015-18Accession Number: AN 1983:124866Keywords: Cyanobacteria; Gloeotrichia pisum; Gloetrichia pisum (nitrogen fixation by aquatic plants of Latvian lakes in relation to); Plant (aquatic, nitrogen fixation by, in Latvian lakes, cyanobacteria role in); Waters (lake, nitrogen fixation by aquatic plants of, of Lativa, cyanobacteria role in)nitrogen fixation aq plant cyanobacteriaAbstract: The N fixation by macrophytes from various lakes of Latvia was strongly correlated with the abundance in them of cyanobacteria. The Gleotricha pisum colonies were not assocd. with any specific plant of the coastal zones of the lakes. N fixation by plants without cyanobacteria ranged on av. from 1.54 to 3.3 and by those with cyanobacteria from 23.6 to 65.87 mg N/g/day; thus the cyanobacteria presence increased the N fixation >=20-fold. The data can be used for calcg. the N fixation in lakes; for that purpose it is necessary to know not only the area occupied by macrophytes but also the area occupied by cyanobacteria-inhabiting plants. [on SciFinder (R)]Notes: CAN 98:12486619-7Fertilizers, Soils, and Plant NutritionInst. Biol. Vnutr. Vod,Borok,USSR.Journal0026-3656written in Russian.

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 233Author: Kappers, F. I.Year: 1982Title: Toxic cyanobacteria in the NetherlandsJournal: Hydrobiol. Bull.Volume: 16Issue: 2-3

Pages: 291Accession Number: 679910Keywords: toxicity; biological poisons; algal blooms; Microcystisaeruginosa; Oscillatoria agardhii; Gloeotrichia echinulata;NetherlandsFreshwaterQ1 01524 Public health, medicines, dangerous organismsAbstract: In the summer of 1980 waterblooms and scums of Microcystis aerugin osa , Oscillatoria agardhii and Gloeotrichia echinulata have been collected from 11 locations. Acute toxicity of sonificated algal suspensions was tested by intraperitoneal injection in mice. The res ults indicate that in 9 out of 10 sample sites lethal M. aeruginos a hepatoxin(s) were present, while in most samples associated bacter ial toxins(s) were possibly involved in SDF (Slow Death Factor) intox ication symptoms and death. Two unialgal strains of M. aeruginosa (RID-2B, isolated from a Dutch storage reservoir, and the Norwegian toxic CYA 57) showed the same toxicity. Suspensions of O. agardhii were also found to be lethal. Symptoms and mortality are thought to be attributed to at least two toxic factors. One resembling FDF, t he other possibly resulting from associated bacteria. Administration of G. echinulata suspensions did not kill mice but produced symptoms of illness, which were not consistent with those observed with Microcystis FDF (Fast Death Factor) or SDF.Notes: 1982Summary only.EnglishJournal Article; SummaryAuthor Address: Natl. Inst. Water Supply, Postbus 150, 2260 AD Leidschendam, Netherlands

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 234Author: Huang, Chi Min; Chang, Chin Hua; Wang, Chwan ChauYear: 1982Title: Effect of soil inoculant application on sugarcane growthJournal: Taiwan Tangye Yanjiuso Yanjiu HuibaoVolume: 98Pages: 15-24Accession Number: AN 1983:538761Keywords: Nitrogen fixation (by cyanobacteria from soil inoculant, sugarcane growth in relation to); Anabaena; Gloeocapsa; Gloeotrichia; Hapalosiphon; Merismopedia; Nostoc (nitrogen fixation by, sugarcane response to soil inoculant in relation to); Sugarcane (soil inoculation with nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria effect on); Cyanobacteria (nitrogen-fixing, soil inoculation with, sugarcane response to)cyanobacteria soil inoculation sugarcane; nitrogen fixation

cyanobacteria sugarcaneAbstract: Field expts. on the use of soil inoculant (N-fixing blue-green algae) with sugarcane were conducted for 3 yr. Autumn cane and sugar yields on soil treated with 1 L inoculant/ha were increased by 8% and 21%, resp., as compared to the control plot where the conventional rate of N fertilizer was applied. At 2 L/ha, the inoculant slightly increased cane and sugar yields over the check. Autumn cane yield increased also when 1 or 2 L inoculant/ha was incorporated with 7 t/ha of filter cake. Inoculation did not affect cane and sugar yields for ratoon cane; however, when inoculant was applied with 7 t/ha of filter cake, both the ratoon cane and sugar yields were increased over the control. Acetylene redn. activity (ARA) increased considerably in Talin red earth and Tainan sandstone shale alluvial soils when inoculant was applied. Strong ARA in uninoculated Chihu slate alluvial soil may imply the existence of great no. of N-fixing bacteria in this soil itself. The nitrate-N content of the tested soils was greatly increased by inoculation due to N fixation. [on SciFinder (R)]Notes: CAN 99:13876119-5Fertilizers, Soils, and Plant NutritionDep. Plant Nutr.,Taiwan Sugar Res. Inst.,Tainan,Taiwan.Journal0372-2414written in English.14797-55-8 Role: OCCU (Occurrence) (in soils, cyanobacterial inoculant effect on, sugarcane growth in relation to)

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 235Author: Grunina, L. K.; Simakov, A. F.; Getsen, M. V.Year: 1982Title: Amino acid compositions of nitrogen-fixing blue-green algaeJournal: Trudy Komi Filiala, Akademiya Nauk SSSRVolume: 49Pages: 76-80Accession Number: AN 1983:403042Keywords: Gloeotrichia natans; Nostoc coeruleum (amino acid compn. of proteins of, nitrogen fixation in relation to); Proteins Role: BIOL (Biological study) (amino acids of, of blue green algae, nitrogen fixation in relation to); Amino acids Role: BIOL (Biological study) (of proteins of blue green algae, nitrogen fixation in relation to); Nitrogen fixation (protein compn. of blue green algae in relation to)nitrogen fixation protein Nostoc Gloeotrichia; blue green alga proteinAbstract: The amino acid compn. of N-fixing blue-green algae from different geog. zones, Nostoc coeruleum from tundra lakes and

Gloeotrichia natans from taiga lakes were compared. Both algae were rich in protein at 21.6-22.7% dry wt. Dicarboxylic amino acids (alanine, leucine, serine) predominated in the algal proteins. Algae gathered at periods of massive development were esp. high in proline. The amino acid compn. of proteins was similar to that of higher plants. Among the essential amino acids, the leucine, threonine, and valine content were relatively high whereas that of methionine was low, but on a dry wt. basis the algal methionine level was no lower than that of beans grown in the tundra zone. The full value protein of blue-green algae is apparently due to their N-fixing ability. [on SciFinder (R)]Notes: CAN 99:304211-1Plant BiochemistryUSSR.Journal0568-6148written in Russian.

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 236Author: Tirol, Agnes C.; Santiago, Susan T.; Watanabe, IwaoYear: 1981Title: Effect of the insecticide carbofuran on microbial activities in flooded soilJournal: Nippon Noyaku GakkaishiVolume: 6Issue: 1Pages: 83-9Accession Number: AN 1981:475443Keywords: Soils (biol. activity in, carbofuran effect on); Microorganism (carbofuran effect on); Gloeotrichia (ethylene-reducing activity of, in flooded soil, carbofuran effect on); Nitrification (in soil, carbofuran stimulation of); Cyanobacteria (of flooded soil, carbofuran effect on)carbofuran soil nitrification biol; microorganism soil insecticideAbstract: Carbofuran (I) [1563-66-2] did not inhibit mineralization of native soil N at 10 ppm. I enhanced nitrification in flooded soil at 10-100 ppm, the effect increasing with the increase in the application rate. I application to the water of flooded soil at 6 kg/ha promoted the growth of blue-green algae and raised the C2H2-reducing activity in the water, which might be attributable to the lethal effect of I on daphnids feeding on this algae. These effects were still obsd. after disappearance of I and its hydrolyzate. I lowered the C2H2-reducing activity of Gloeotrichia in flood water at 20 ppm, but not at 15 ppm. I at 50 ppm did not affect hydrolysis of urea in soil. [on SciFinder (R)]Notes: CAN 95:75443

5-13AgrochemicalsDep. Soil Microbiol.,Int. Rice Res. Inst.,Manila,Philippines.Journal0385-1559written in English.1563-66-2 Role: BIOL (Biological study) (biol. activity response to, in flooded soil)

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 237Author: Roger, P. A.; Kulasooriya, S. A.; Barraquio, W. L.; Watanabe, I.Year: 1981Title: Epiphytic nitrogen fixation on lowland rice plantsJournal: Nitrogen Cycling South-East Asian Wet Monsoonal Ecosyst., Proc. Reg. WorkshopPages: 62-6Accession Number: AN 1983:557316Keywords: Rice (epiphytic nitrogen fixation on submerged parts of stems of); Nitrogen fixation (epiphytic, on lowland rice plants); Bacteria; Cyanobacteria (nitrogen-fixing, on rice stems, population of, epiphytic nitrogen fixation in relation to)epiphytic nitrogen fixation rice; cyanobacteria nitrogen fixation rice stem; bacteria nitrogen fixation rice stemAbstract: Epiphytic N fixation on the submerged part of the rice stems was examd. by: studying the distribution of acetylene-reducing activity (ARA) and epiphytic algae among the hills at tillering stage; enumerating and identifying epiphytic microorganisms on the outer and inner leaf sheaths; and measuring ARA and evaluating algal populations at seedling, tillering, heading, and maturity stages of rice growth. Dark and light ARA (nmol C2H4/h/hill) exhibited a log-normal distribution whereas the total algal flora had an asym. histogram, indicating the presence of several dominant epiphytic species. Total and N-fixing algal populations on the outer parts of the stems (3.5 * 105 and 1.2 * 105 cells/fresh wt., resp.) were .apprx.20-fold those of the inner parts. A similar distribution was obsd. with N-fixing bacteria (outer parts: 2.9 * 107 cells/g fresh wt.; inner parts: 1.0 * 105 cells/g fresh wt.) where the dominant types were related to the Enterobacteriaceae, assocd. with Azospirillum-like organisms. A macroscopic epiphytism by Gloeotrichia was obsd. at seedling (2 tons/ha, fresh wt.) and tillering stage (0.5 ton/ha), whereas only a microscopic epiphytism was present at heading and maturity stage, with Nostoc as dominant species. Light ARA declined along the cultivation cycle from 51 mmole C2H4/m2/h at seedling stage to 2.5 mmol C2H4/m2/h at maturity whereas dark ARA remained low

throughout (0.3-2.5 mmol C2H4/m2/h). This corresponds to an input of 2 kg N/ha/crop. [on SciFinder (R)]Notes: CAN 99:15731619-8Fertilizers, Soils, and Plant NutritionOff. Rech. Sci. Tech. Outre-Mer,Fr.Conferencewritten in English.

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 238Author: Martinez, M. R.; Pantastico, J. B.; Cosico, W. C.Year: 1981Title: Blue-green algae and the fertility of lowland rice fields in the PhilippinesJournal: Nitrogen Cycling South-East Asian Wet Monsoonal Ecosyst., Proc. Reg. WorkshopPages: 29-35Accession Number: AN 1983:557279Keywords: Algae; Cyanobacteria (in paddy field, during rice cultivation, fertilizer application effect on); Nostoc commune (nitrogen uptake and yield of rice response to paddy field inoculation with); Gloeotrichia (nitrogen uptake and yield of rice response to, on paddy fields); Rice (nitrogen uptake and yield of, nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria effect on); Soil fertility (nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria effect on paddy)cyanobacteria rice nitrogen yieldAbstract: The effectiveness of N-fixing algae (Nostoc commune and Gloeotrichia) was compared with that of a chem. fertilizer (N-P-K, 14-14-14) for growth of lowland, irrigated rice in a field expt. in the dry season, 1976. Yields (grain and straw) and N uptake by plants were consistently higher in plots inoculated with algae than in uninoculated plots, with algae contributing .apprx.19-28 kg N/ha/crop. The no. of algal N-fixers decreased with time and growth of the rice plant, whereas non-N-fixing algae increased in population up to tillering stage. N-P-K fertilization and low-light intensity appeared to have depressed growth of the diazotrophs. [on SciFinder (R)]Notes: CAN 99:15727919-5Fertilizers, Soils, and Plant NutritionLos Banos Coll.,Univ. Philippines,Laguna,Philippines.Conferencewritten in English.7727-37-9 Role: BIOL (Biological study) (of rice, cyanobacteria in paddy fields effect on)

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 239Author: Kulasooriya, S. A.; Roger, P. A.; Barraquio, W. L.; Watanabe, I.Year: 1981Title: Epiphytic nitrogen fixation on weeds in a rice field ecosystemJournal: Nitrogen Cycling South-East Asian Wet Monsoonal Ecosyst., Proc. Reg. WorkshopPages: 56-61Accession Number: AN 1983:557315Keywords: Chara; Cyperus iria; Monochoria vaginalis; Najas; Weed (epiphytic nitrogen fixation on, in rice field ecosystem); Nitrogen fixation (epiphytic, on weeds in rice field ecosystem); Ecology (ecosystem, rice fields, epiphytic nitrogen fixation on weeds in); Bacteria; Cyanobacteria (nitrogen-fixing, on weeds in rice field ecosystem, epiphytic nitrogen fixation in relation to)nitrogen fixation epiphytic rice ecosystem; weed nitrogen fixation paddyAbstract: Epiphytic N fixation on submerged (Chara, Najas) and nonsubmerged (Monochoria, Cyperus) weeds in a paddy field was studied by: evaluating the weed biomass in planted and fallow fields; measuring specific dark and light-dependent acetylene reducing activity (ARA) and enumerating and identifying epiphytic N-fixing microorganisms. Submerged weeds produced a mean biomasses of 1 ton/ha at rice tillering and 3 tons/ha at rice harvest stage; under fallow they reached 7.5 tons/ha. Corresponding biomasses of nonsubmerged weeds were 1.7 tons/ha under rice and 7.7 tons/ha under fallow at rice harvest stage. Dominant N-fixing cyanobacteria were Gloeotrichia, Nostoc, and Calothrix. Epiphytism by Gloeotrichia was predominantly on Chara whereas that by other cyanobacteria did not exhibit any host selectivity. Submerged weeds harbored both aerobic and micro-aerophilic N-fixing bacteria. Growth on glucose medium showed the presence of acid-gas-producing organisms (probably Enterobacteriaceae), whereas growth on malate revealed Azospirillum-like organisms. Light ARA on the submerged weeds (29-35 nmol C2H4/g fresh wt.) was .apprx.10-fold that on the nonsubmerged ones (1.8-4.4 nmol C2H4/g fresh wt./h). Dark activity was about the same for all the weed types studied (0.9-2.5 nmol C2H4/g fresh wt./h). The relation between specific ARA and weed biomass showed that nonsubmerged weeds exhibit a very low activity (0.4-2.3 g N/ha/day) whereas the activity on submerged weeds (5-34 g N/ha/day) makes an appreciable N input into this ecosystem. [on SciFinder (R)]Notes: CAN 99:15731519-8Fertilizers, Soils, and Plant Nutrition

Univ. Peradeniya,Sri Lanka.Conferencewritten in English.

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 240Author: Hassett, James M.; Jennett, J. Charles; Smith, James E.Year: 1981Title: Microplate technique for determining accumulation of metals by algaeJournal: Applied and Environmental MicrobiologyVolume: 41Issue: 5Pages: 1097-106Accession Number: AN 1981:419180Keywords: Algae; Chlamydomonas; Gleotrichia; Mougeotia; Navicula pelliculosa; Nostoc; Oscillatoria; Scenedesmus obliquus; Schizothrix; Spirogyra; Ulothrix fimbrinata; Zygnema (heavy metal accumulation by, microplate technique for); Metals Role: BIOL (Biological study) (heavy, accumulation of, by algae, microplate technique for)metal accumulation algae microplate techniqueAbstract: A microplate technique was developed to det. the conditions under which pure cultures of algae removed heavy metals from aq. solns. Variables investigated included algal species and strain, culture age (11 and 44 days), metal (Hg, Pb, Cd, and Zn), pH, effect of different solns., and time of exposure. Plastic, U-bottomed microtiter plates were used in conjunction with heavy metal radionuclides to det. concn. factors for metal-alga combinations. The technique developed was rapid, statistically reliable, and economical of materials and cells. Results (expressed as concn. factors) were in reasonably good agreement with literature values. All species of algae studied removed Hg from soln. Green algae proved better at accumulating Cd than did blue-green algae. No alga studied removed Zn, perhaps because cells were maintained in the dark during the labeling period. Chlamydomonas Sp. proved superior in ability to remove Pb from soln. [on SciFinder (R)]Notes: CAN 95:191804-3ToxicologyDep. Civ. Eng.,Syracuse Univ.,Syracuse,NY,USA.Journal0099-2240written in English.7439-92-1; 7439-97-6; 7440-43-9; 7440-66-6 Role: BIOL (Biological study) (accumulation of, by algae, microplate technique for)

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 241Author: Fong, H. M.; Shen, T. C.Year: 1981Title: Growth and nitrogen fixation capacity of some blue-green algae in West MalaysiaJournal: Nitrogen Cycling South-East Asian Wet Monsoonal Ecosyst., Proc. Reg. WorkshopPages: 41-3Accession Number: AN 1983:591396Keywords: Nitrogen fixation (by cyanobacteria of paddy soils of West Malaysia); Anabaena; Cylindrospermum; Fischerella; Gloeotrichia; Hapalosiphon; Microchaete; Nostoc; Tolypothrix (growth and nitrogen fixation capacity of, from paddy soils of West Malaysia); Cyanobacteria (soil, growth rate of, light and temp. effect on, from paddy soils of West Malaysia)cyanobacteria nitrogen fixation soilAbstract: Thirteen heterocystous blue-green algae species, namely Anabaena (3 species), Nostoc (4 species), Fischerella, Gloeotrichia, Hapalosiphon, Tolypothrix, Cylindrospermum, and Microchaete, were isolated from paddy soils in West Malaysia. Growth rate and N fixation activity of unialgal cultures of these species were studied under different temp. and light intensity conditions. Different species reacted differently to these conditions. In general, 28-30 Deg and 5000 lx supported good growth. High temp. and greenhouse full sunlight suppressed growth. Gloeotrichia, Nostoc, And Anabaena were fast-growing species. High rates of N fixation were found at 28-30 Deg under 5000 lx continuous light or at variable temp. of 24-33 Deg under natural light conditions in a greenhouse. Anabaena, Cylindrospermum, And Hapalosiphon showed the highest N fixation capacity followed by Nostoc, Fischerella, and others. [on SciFinder (R)]Notes: CAN 99:19139610-3Microbial BiochemistryBot. Dep.,Univ. Malaya,Kuala Lumpur,Malay.Conferencewritten in English.

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 242Author: Kostyaev, V. YaYear: 1980Title: Fixation of molecular nitrogen and photosynthesis in

cyanobacteria under red lightJournal: MikrobiologiyaVolume: 49Issue: 2Pages: 349-51Accession Number: AN 1980:422789Keywords: Nitrogen fixation; Photosynthesis (by Cyanobacteria, in far-red and red light); Anabaena spiroides; Cyanobacteria; Gloeotrichia pisum; Sphaeronostoc zetterstedtii (nitrogen fixation and photosynthesis by, in red and far-red light); Light (far-red, nitrogen fixation and photosynthesis by Cyanobacteria in); Light (red, nitrogen fixation and photosynthesis by Cyanobacteria in)Cyanobacteria nitrogen fixation photosynthesis lightAbstract: The rates of N fixation and photosynthesis by Anabaena spiroides, Sphaeronostoc zetterstedtii, and Gloeotrichia pisum in red and far-red light were studied. In far-red light the rates of photosynthesis and N fixation by A. spiroides were 2.1 and 1.4% of those in red light, resp., whereas the photosynthetic rate in far-red light of the other 2 species was 10 and 9, and their rates of N fixation were 50 and 60% of those in red light, resp. A. spiroides And a relatively still high N fixation by the other blue-green algae indicate that one cyclic photophosphorylation system is insufficient for effective N fixation in some Cyanobacteria, and that the efficacy of cyclic photophosphorylation in inducing the nitrogenase activity varied widely between the algae studied. [on SciFinder (R)]Notes: CAN 93:2278911-6Plant BiochemistryInst. Biol. Vnutr. Vod,Borok,USSR.Journal0026-3656written in Russian.

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 243Author: Jennett, J. C.; Hassett, J. M.; Smith, J. E.Year: 1980Title: The use of algae to control heavy metals in the environmentJournal: Minerals and the EnvironmentVolume: 2Issue: 1Pages: 26-31Accession Number: AN 1980:500998Keywords: Algae; Chlamydomonas; Chlorella; Chlorella pyrenoidosa; Chlorotyllium; Cladophora; Cyanobacteria; Cymbella; Diatom;

Gleotrichia; Hydrodictyon; Mougeotia; Myriophyllum; Navicula pelliculosa; Nostoc; Oscillatoria; Scenedesmus obliquus; Schizothrix calcicola; Sedge; Spirogyra; Ulothrix fimbrinata; Zygnema (metal removal by, from wastewater); Metals Role: REM (Removal or disposal), PROC (Process) (removal of, from wastewater, algae and benthic macrophytes in); Algae (benthic macrophyte, metal removal by, from wastewater); Wastewater treatment (biol., metal removal by, algae and benthic macrophytes in); Algae (green, metal removal by, from wastewater)heavy metal accumulation algae wastewater; benthic macrophyte metal removal wastewaterAbstract: A wastewater treatment system was designed to utilize algae and benthic macrophytes to remove metals from the tailings pond effluent. The system has proved successful and water quality in the receiving stream has been improved to drinking water stds. Expts. were conducted to understand the phenomenon of heavy metal accumulation by algae. Radionuclides (210Pb, 203Hg, 65Zn, 109Cd) were used in conjunction with com. available microculture app. to screen algae for heavy metal accumulation. All species of algae studied concd. Hg, green algae were more efficient accumulators of Cd than blue-green algae, Chlamydomonas proved best at removing Pb from soln. and no alga removed Zn. [on SciFinder (R)]Notes: CAN 93:10099860-2Sewage and WastesSyracuse Univ.,Syracuse,NY,USA.Journal0142-7245written in English.7439-92-1; 7439-97-6; 7440-43-9; 7440-66-6 Role: REM (Removal or disposal), PROC (Process) (removal of, from wastewater, algae and benthic macrophytes in)

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 244Author: Chang, T. P.; Blauw, T. S.Year: 1980Title: Nitrogen fixing capacity of two colonial types of Gloeotrichia echinulata (Smith) RichterJournal: Arch. Hydrobiol.Volume: 89Issue: 3Pages: 382-386Keywords: morphology (organisms); nitrogen fixation; Gloeotrichia echinulata

photosynthesis; light effects; anoxic conditions; AlgaeFreshwaterQ1 01481 ProductivityAbstract: Membrane-like colonies of G. echinulata , containing mostly short trichomes, showed higher photosynthetic activity than cluster-like colonies with long trichomes. The nitrogen fixing capacity of membrane-like colonies with high heterocyst ratios was 300-800% higher than that of cluster-like colonies with low heterocyst ratios in weak light cultures, but not in high light cultures.Notes: EnglishJournal Article

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 96Author: McCauley, Edward; Briand, FredericYear: 1979Title: Zooplankton Grazing and Phytoplankton Species Richness: Field Tests of the Predation HypothesisJournal: Limnology and OceanographyVolume: 24Issue: 2Pages: 243-252Date: Mar.Abstract: The hypothesis that herbivory plays a major role in the maintenance of high algal diversity was tested over a 2-year period in polyethylene enclosures at Heney Lake, Quebec. Reduction of grazing pressure resulted in a significant decrease in the number of inedible species, whereas the diversity of edible algae remained unaffected. Lowering the herbivore levels may cause an intensification of exploitative competition among phytoplankton, which favors edible species and a few inedible algae like Synedra at the expense of many inedible species that are eliminated.Notes: FLA00243590American Society of Limnology and OceanographyCopyright 1979 American Society of Limnology and OceanographyURL: http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0024-3590%28197903%2924%3A2%3C243%3AZGAPSR%3E2.0.CO%3B2-4

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 245Author: Kremer, Bruno P.; Feige, Guido B.Year: 1979Title: Accumulation of photoassimilatory products by phycobiliprotein-

containing algae with special reference to Cyanidium caldariumJournal: Zeitschrift fuer Naturforschung, C: Journal of BiosciencesVolume: 34CIssue: 12Pages: 1209-14Accession Number: AN 1980:107555Keywords: Photosynthesis (carbon fixation products of, in phycobiliprotein-contg. algae); Anabaena cylindrica; Anacystis nidulans; Chroomonas; Cyanidium caldarium; Gloeotrichia echinulata; Hemiselmis refescens; Porphyridium cruentum; Rhodella violacea; Rhodomonas (photosynthate of); Amino acids; Carbohydrates Role: BIOL (Biological study) (phycobiliprotein-contg. algae photosynthate); Algae (phycobiliprotein-contg., photosynthates of)photosynthate algae phycobiliprotein; Cyanidium photosynthateAbstract: Representatives of phycobiliprotein-contg. algae such as Anabaena cylindrica, Anacystis nidulans, Gloeotrichia echinulata (Cyanophyceae), Chroomonas, Hemiselmis rufescens, Rhodomonas (Cryptophaceae), Porphyridium cruentum, Rhodella violacea (Rhodophyceae) along with the unicellular Cyanidium caldarium (unspecified systematic status) were investigated for their typical photoassimilatory accumulation products. Whereas the red algal species synthesized a rather specific heteroside, 2-O-D-glycerol-a-D-galactopyranoside (= floridoside), not encountered in the other species analyzed, blue-green algae accumulated fructose, glucose, and sucrose, while the cryptomonads accumulated only glucose and to a lesser extent, fructose. Cyanidium Synthesized neither disaccharides, nor a heteroside, but showed rapid 14C-labeling of fructose and glucose. These results are compared with further biochem. and structural findings and are discussed with emphasis on chemotaxonomic implications. C. caldarium Is proposed as an endocyanome consisting of a single endocyanella providing the functions of a chromatophore in a colorless (apoplastidal algal) host cell. [on SciFinder (R)]Notes: CAN 92:10755511-6Plant BiochemistryBot. Inst.,Univ. Koeln,Cologne,Fed. Rep. Ger.Journal0341-0382written in English.50-99-7; 56-40-6; 56-45-1; 56-84-8; 56-86-0; 57-48-7; 57-50-1; 534-68-9 Role: BIOL (Biological study) (phycobiliprotein-contg. algae photosynthate)

Reference Type: Journal Article

Record Number: 246Author: Jennett, J. C.; Hassett, J. M.; Smith, J. E.Year: 1979Title: Control of heavy metals in the environment using algaeJournal: Manage. Control Heavy Met. Environ., Int. Conf.Pages: 210-17Accession Number: AN 1980:105169Keywords: Water pollution (by heavy metals, algae control by); Algae; Chlamydomonas; Chlorella pyrenoidosa; Chlorotylium; Gleotrichia; Navicula pelliculosa; Nostoc; Oscillatoria; Scenedesmus obliquus; Schizothrix calcicola; Spirogyra; Ulothrix fimbrinata; Zygnema (heavy metals removal by, water pollution in relation to); Metals Role: BIOL (Biological study) (heavy, water pollution by, algae control by removal of)heavy metal water pollution algaeAbstract: In an algal meander system, utilizing the diatom (Navicula pelliculosa), green planktonic algae (Chlamydomonas sp., Chlorella pyrenoidosa, and Scenedesmus obliquus), green benthic algae (Chlorotyllium sp., Spirogrya sp., Ulothrix fimbrinata, and Zygnema sp.), and blue-green algae (Gleotrichia sp., Oscillatoria sp., Schizothrix calcicola, and Nostoc sp.) to remove heavy metals (Cd, Pb, Hg, and Zn) from polluted waters in Missouri, USA, was described. The technique permitted the simultaneous study of several factors (including metal type, algae type and age, exposure time, and pH) affecting heavy metal accumulation and provided a sufficient no. of replicates for anal. The kinetics of heavy metal accumulation by algae indicated that it was a rapid phenomenon, and 24 h expts. indicated that absorption was essentially complete at the end of 3 h. The success of the algal meander system removing heavy metals from surface waters may be explained in part by the concn. of the elements on the surface of algal cells. [on SciFinder (R)]Notes: CAN 92:1051694-1ToxicologySyracuse Univ.,Syracuse,NY,USA.Conferencewritten in English.7439-92-1; 7439-97-6; 7440-43-9; 7440-66-6 Role: BIOL (Biological study) (water pollution by, algae control in removal of)

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 247Author: Fitzgerald, George P.; Jackson, Daniel F.Year: 1979Title: Comparative algicide evaluations using laboratory and field

algaeJournal: Journal of Aquatic Plant ManagementVolume: 17Pages: 66-71Accession Number: AN 1979:535421Keywords: Spirogyra; Zygnema (algicides detoxification by); Chlorella pyrenoidosa; Coccochloris; Gloeotrichia echinulata; Microcystis aeruginosa; Oscillatoria rubescens; Phormidium inundatum (control of); Algicides (for swimming pool and pond algae)algicide swimming pool pond; copper algicideAbstract: Algimycin-400 (I) [71396-62-8] or Algimycin-400 E [71396-63-9] at 1 mg/L, or the Cu triethanolamine chelates Swimfree [71396-86-6] and swimetrine [71396-85-5], at 3 and 6 mg/L, resp., totally inhibited the growth of Chlorella pyrenoidosa in the lab., but were less active against Phormidium inumdatum. I, Swimfree, and Swimtrine (2-6 mg/L) prevented the growth of Coccochloris and diatoms. I was the most active against mustard algae. Algicidal activity against C. pyrenoidosa and P. inundatum was shown by I and Algimycin 400 E only. The Cu-contg. algicides CuSO4, Algimycin PL5-C [56509-19-4], Mariner A [71396-77-5], and Cutrine plus [66555-33-7] were extremely active against the planktonic blue-green algae Oscillatoria rubescens, Microcystis aeruginosa, and Gloeotrichia echinulata. Algimycin PLL-C and Swimfree were detoxified by by Spinogyra and Algimycin-GLBX [71396-64-0] and Algimycin-GLBY [71396-65-1] by Zygnema. [on SciFinder (R)]Notes: CAN 91:1354215-3AgrochemicalsDrinking Water Qual. Res. Cent.,Florida International Univ.,Miami,FL,USA.Journal0146-6623written in English.18939-61-2; 56509-19-4; 66555-33-7; 71396-62-8; 71396-63-9; 71396-77-5; 71396-78-6; 71396-85-5; 71396-86-6 Role: BIOL (Biological study) (algicide, for swimming pool and pond algae); 71396-64-0; 71396-65-1 Role: BIOL (Biological study) (detoxification of, by Zygnema)

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 93Author: Wallace, Robert L.Year: 1978Title: Substrate Selection by Larvae of the Sessile Rotifer Ptygura Beauchampi

Journal: EcologyVolume: 59Issue: 2Pages: 221-227Date: Mar.Keywords: Allelochemic;, allomone;, carnivorous plants;, commensal;, glandular trichome;, habitat selection;, kairomone;, prey-lure;, rotifer;, substrate selection;, symbiosis;, Utricularia.Abstract: Larvae of the sessile rotifer Ptygura beauchampi begin substrate selection activities when they chemotactually sense a stimulus associated with the glandular trichomes which cover their preferred substrate, the trap door region of the largest, prey capturing organs of the carnivorous aquatic plant, Utricularia vulgaris. Four other co-occurring congeneric species (U. gibba, U. inflata minor, U. intermedia, and U. purpurea) and 2 smaller, morphologically distinct, trap types of U. vulgaris were not colonized. All of these Utricularia traps (except U. purpurea) have glandular trichomes which are nearly indistinguishable from one another. The stimulus appears to be chemical in nature, arising from the terminal head cells of trichomes as they develop. The chemical stimulus (an allelochemic agent) may be the utricularian prey-lure first proposed by Cohn in 1875. This symbiotic relationship should be termed commensal because rotifers colonize, but do not feed on the plant or its prey, and because the plant is apparently not affected by the colonization.Notes: FLA00129658Duke University PressENCopyright 1978 The Ecological Society of AmericaURL: http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0012-9658%28197803%2959%3A2%3C221%3ASSBLOT%3E2.0.CO%3B2-A

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 25Author: Tiwari, D. N.Year: 1978Title: The Heterocysts of the Blue-Green Alga Nostochopsis lobatus: Effects of Cultural ConditionsJournal: New PhytologistVolume: 81Issue: 3Pages: 653-656Date: Nov.Abstract: The branched filaments of Nostochopsis lobatus form infrequent intercalary heterocysts in the main trichome while the short

lateral branches (1-4 celled) characteristically produce only a terminal heterocyst when the alga is grown in a medium devoid of combined nitrogen. In the presence of ammonium nitrogen, intercalary heterocysts are not formed but the lateral heterocysts enlarge to assume a balloon-like appearance; they undergo division in situ and liberate 3-5-called germlings. These germlings grow and produce similar heterocysts and the cycle is repeated until growth ceases. Heterocysts are produced at the terminal ends of the long lateral branches during the later stages of growth in ammonium medium; they are not formed, in this position, in cultures grown in nitrogen-free medium. The possible role of lateral heterocysts in controlling growth and development of long laterals is discussed.Notes: FLA0028646xBlackwell Science PublicationsCopyright 1978 New Phytologist TrustURL: http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0028-646X%28197811%2981%3A3%3C653%3ATHOTBA%3E2.0.CO%3B2-R

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 248Author: Saralov, A. I.; Daukshta, A. S.Year: 1978Title: Fixation of molecular nitrogen in Latvian lakesJournal: Gidrobiol. Zh./Hydrobiol. J.Volume: 14Issue: 6Pages: 7-13Original Publication: Fiksatsiya molekulyarnogo azota v ozerakh Latvijskoj SSRKeywords: nitrogen fixation; lakes; USSR, LatviaFreshwaterAbstract: Measurements of NSUB-2 fixation rate in pelagic water and silts of 9 trophically different Latvian lakes using the acetylene reduction technique shows that in the water of all the 9 lakes this process takes place mainly under the influence of blue-green algae (Anabaena, Aphanizomenon and Gloeotrichia ) while in the silts a fundamental role is played by the bacterial microflora of the 10-20 cm surface layer, mainly the anaerobic bacteria of the genus Clostridium . Their activity is greatly dependent on temperature and the composition of organic matter in silts.Notes: RussianJournal Article

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 249Author: Ransom, R. E.; Nerad, T. A.; * Meier, P. G.Year: 1978Title: Acute toxicity of some bluegreen algae to the protozoan Paramecium caudatumJournal: J. Phycol.Volume: 14Issue: 1Pages: 114-116Keywords: toxicity; poisons (biological); CyanophytaParamecium caudatum; Fischerella epiphytica; Gloeotrichia echinulata;Nostoc linckia; Anabaena flos-aquaeFreshwaterQ1 01226 Physiology, biochemistry, biophysicsAbstract: Four species of bluegreen algae were tested for possible effect on the protozoan P.caudatum Ehrenberg. Toxicity was demonstrated using lyophilized cells of Fischerella epiphytica Ghose and Gloeotrichia echinulata (Smith) Richter. Nostoc linckia (Roth) Bornet and Thuret failed to show any effects when lyophilized but became toxic when sonified. Anabaena flos-aquae (Lyngb.) Breb. was nontoxic in all tests. G.echinulata was lethal at 0 . 1 mg . ml SUP--1 which is comparable to the toxic concentration of Aphanizomenon flos-aquae (L.) Ralfs reported for microcrustaceans.Notes: EnglishJournal Article

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 95Author: Rai, A. K.; Pandey, K. D.; Kashyap, A. K.Year: 1978Title: Heterocyst Differentiation and Polarity in CalothrixJournal: New PhytologistVolume: 81Issue: 3Pages: 647-651Date: Nov.Abstract: When grown in a nitrogen-free medium Calothrix brevissima West has a basal heterocyst followed by a filament of cells of decreasing size. In a nitrate medium, the alga does not form heterocysts but partial polarity, i.e. tapering of the filaments, remains. In contrast, polarity as well as heterocyst differentiation, is lost on growth in an ammonium medium and the frequent formation of false branches is observed. Following exhaustion of ammonia from the medium, differentiation of heterocysts, each with two distinct polar

nodules, begins at semi-regular intervals along the filaments. Polarity is regained following breakage of the filament adjacent to a heterocyst. The ways in which nutrient limitation and heterocyst differentiation patterns can lead to three different types of false branching in the same alga are discussed.Notes: FLA0028646xBlackwell Science PublicationsCopyright 1978 New Phytologist TrustURL: http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0028-646X%28197811%2981%3A3%3C647%3AHDAPIC%3E2.0.CO%3B2-Q

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 251Author: Pattnaik, U.; Singh, P. K.Year: 1978Title: Effect of nitrate nitrogen on the growth, heterocyst differentiation and nitrogen fixation in rice field blue-green alga Gloeotrichia spJournal: Archiv fuer Hydrobiologie, SupplementVolume: 51Issue: 3Pages: 318-27Accession Number: AN 1978:593736Keywords: Nitrogen fixation (by Gloeotrichia, nitrate effect on); Gloeotrichia (growth and heterocyst formation in, nitrate effect on)Gloeotrichia heterocyst differentiation nitrogen fixation; nitrate Gloeotrichia nitrogen fixation heterocystAbstract: A species of the blue-green alga Gloeotrichia was cultured from a water-logged rice field, in N-free and NO3--contg. media. In the N-free medium, the alga grew well, fixed N, and formed 2.3% heterocysts in the filaments. The addn. of Ca(NO3)2 of ?300 mg/mL to the medium did not affect growth or N-fixation adversely, and N-fixation was greater with an increase in the incubation period of ?25 days. There was a gradual decrease in the heterocyst frequency with increasing concns. of Ca(NO3)2, with complete suppression of heterocyst differentiation at a concn. of 1000 mg/mL. With higher concns. of NO3-, the filaments were elongated due to the low extent of differentiation or absence of heterocysts, and the cells were granulated. [on SciFinder (R)]Notes: CAN 89:19373610-13Microbial BiochemistryLab. Blue-Green Algae,Cent. Rice Res. Inst.,Cuttack,India.Journal

0365-284Xwritten in English.14797-55-8 Role: BIOL (Biological study) (Gloeotrichia growth and heterocyst formation in response to)

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 250Author: Pattnaik, U.; Singh, Ph D.Year: 1978Title: Effect of some amino acids on growth and heterocysts of blue-green alga Gloeotrichia spJournal: Arch. Hydrobiol. (Suppl.)Volume: 51Issue: 4Pages: 428-433Keywords: growth; phytoplankton culture; amino acids; Gloeotrichiapopulation density; nitrogenFreshwaterQ1 01226 Physiology, biochemistry, biophysics; Q1 01585 Plant cultureAbstract: Gloeotrichia was cultured from water-logged rice fields and the effect of amino acids (tryptophan, glutamic acid, histidine and proline) was studied on the growth and heterocyst differentiation in medium free from combined nitrogen. The addition of 10 to 20 g.mlSUP--1 of amino acids encouraged growth as evidenced by increase in optical densities after various incubation times whereas the concentrations of 80-100 g.mlSUP--1 caused its gradual reduction. The heterocyst frequency varied from 1.3 to 2.9 in control cultures as well as in the presence of amino acids. There was no significant effect on the heterocyst frequency. Low concentrations of organic nitrogen encouraged the growth of alga without altering heterocyst frequency significantly.Notes: EnglishJournal Article

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 252Author: Khare, C. J.Year: 1978Title: Periodicity, density and productivity of phytoplankton of shallow water at Gandhi SagarJournal: Sci. Cult.Volume: 44Issue: 9Pages: 416-417

Keywords: phytoplankton; community composition; population density; India, GandhiSagarsurface water; reservoirs; India; Gandhi Sagar; primary production;seasonal variationsQ1 01461 PlanktonAbstract: Samples were taken from the surface waters throughout 1976 and analysed for the presence of phytoplankton. The chief constituents were Cocleosphaerium, Microcystis, Anabaena, Nostoc, Gloeotheca, Gleotrichia and Lyngbya from the cyanophyceae and Hydrodictyon, Spirogyra, Pediastrum, Cosmarium, Volvox, Closterium, Eudorina and Scenedesmus from the chlorophyceae. Phytoplankton density varied from 13,500/l water in March to 40,500/l water in Aug and organic production was minimum in April and maximum in Dec.Notes: EnglishJournal Article

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 94Author: Johnstone, I. M.Year: 1978Title: Phenotypic Plasticity in Draparnaldia (Chaetophoraceae). II. The Physical Environment and ConclusionsJournal: American Journal of BotanyVolume: 65Issue: 6Pages: 608-614Date: Jul.Abstract: Eight isolates of Draparnaldia from a variety of freshwater habitats were grown in unialgal, defined culture The morphological responses of these isolates to different daylengths, light intensities and temperatures are described The phenotypic expression of Draparnaldia is markedly modified by all three factors The interaction of these environmental variables was highly significant, and it is not possible, in most cases, to describe or predict the morphological appearance of Draparnaldia by referring to one of these parameters in isolation. The adaptive significance of phenotypic plasticity in Draparnaldia is discussedNotes: FLA00029122American Botanical SocietyCopyright 1978 Botanical Society of AmericaURL: http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0002-9122%28197807%2965%3A6%3C608%3APPID%28I%3E2.0.CO%3B2-O

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 253Author: Finke, L. R.; *Seeley, H. W., Jr.Year: 1978Title: Nitrogen fixation (acetylene reduction) by epiphytes of freshwater macrophytesJournal: Appl. Environ. Microbiol.Volume: 36Issue: 1Pages: 129-138Keywords: nitrogen fixation; epiphytes; Myriphyllum spicatumcyanobacteria; Gloeotrichia; Rhodopseudomonas; freshwater; ponds;CyanophytaFreshwaterQ1 01482 Ecosystems and energeticsAbstract: The involvement of epiphytic microorganisms in nitrogen fixation was investigated in a shallow freshwater pond near Ithaca, New York. The acetylene reduction technique was used to follow diel and seasonal cycles of nitrogen fixation by epiphytes of Myriophyllum spicatum. Acetylene-reducing activity was maximal between 1200 and 1800 h, but substantial levels of activity relative to daytime rates continued through the night. Experiments with the seasonal course of activity showed a gradual decline during the autumn months and no activity in Jan or Feb. Activity commenced in May, with an abrupt increase to levels between 0 . 45 and 0 . 95 nmol ethylene formed/mg (dry wt) plant/h. Through most of the summer months, mean rates of acetylene reduction remained between 0 . 15 and 0 . 60 nmol/mg (dry wt)/h. It was calculated from diel and seasonal cycles that, in the pond areas studied, epiphytes were capable of adding from 7 . 5 to 12 . 5 mu g of N/mg plant/yr to the pond. This amount is significant relative to the total amount of nitrogen incorporated into the plant. Blue-green algae (cyanobacteria), particularly Gloeotrichia, appeared to bear prime responsibility for nitrogen fixation, but photosynthetic bacteria of the genus Rhodopseudomonas were isolated from M. spicatum and shown to support high rates of acetylene reduction.Notes: EnglishJournal Article

Reference Type: ReportRecord Number: 254Author: Coon, J. C.Year: 1978Title: Lake and reservoir investigations. 14c: Limnological characteristics of Henrys Lake

Institution: Idaho Department of Fish and Game, Boise (USA)Type: ReportKeywords: limnological data; survival; Salmonid; USA, Idaho, Henrys L.planktonFreshwaterQ1 01567 Fishery oceanography and limnologyAbstract: From mid-summer of 1976 through winter of 1976-77, periodic water samples were collected from stations on Henrys Lake to determine water temperatures, dissolved oxygen content and approximate plankton abundance. During the open water period, the lake did not stratify. Temperature extremes were well within trout tolerance levels and dissolved oxygen content was always near saturation. Under the ice cover (which became as thick as 0 6 m) the dissolved oxygen content remained adequate for trout survival with near saturation levels immediately beneath the ice and an abrupt decrease near the bottom. Daphnia and Diaptomus were the most abundant zooplankters in Henrys Lake. Very heavy blooms of the blue-green algae Gloeotrichia and Aphanizomenon occurred in July and September, respectively. With near capacity water storage and light winter snowfall, Henrys Lake could support a more numerous population of large trout without unduly increasing the possibility of severe winter kill.Notes: Publ. by : IDFG; Boise, ID (USA)., Feb 1978., 8 p., Job Performance Rep. Ida. Dep. Fish GameEnglish

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 34Author: Brugam, Richard B.Year: 1978Title: Human Disturbance and the Historical Development of Linsley PondJournal: EcologyVolume: 59Issue: 1Pages: 19-36Date: Jan.Keywords: Connecticut, diatoms, eutrophication, paleolimnology, sediment chemistry, zooplanktonAbstract: Paleolimnological techniques were used at Linsley Pond, North Branford, Connecticut, USA to compare changes in the biota with changes in watershed land use as documented by municipal land records. Fossil diatoms, midges, zooplankton, and chemical composition were examined in a core 238 cm long, which was dated by

^(210)Pb, ^(14)C, and changes in fossil pollen assemblages. The beginning of farming in 1700 caused only minor changes in the lake biota. In 1915 changes in agricultural activity at a nearby farm caused a rapid shift to eutrophic diatom and midge assemblages. In 1960 major changes occurred in the zooplankton community in response to the hypereutrophication caused by the construction of a suburban housing development. Fluxes of Fe, Mn, Ca, Cu, and P to the lake sediment seem to be controlled by changes in soil erosion--not by changes in the trophic status of the lake.Notes: FLA00129658Duke University PressENCopyright 1978 The Ecological Society of AmericaURL: http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0012-9658%28197801%2959%3A1%3C19%3AHDATHD%3E2.0.CO%3B2-1

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 91Author: Tel-Or, E.; Stewart, W. D. P.Year: 1977Title: Photosynthetic Components and Activities of Nitrogen-Fixing Isolated Heterocysts of Anabaena cylindricaJournal: Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological SciencesVolume: 198Issue: 1130Pages: 61-86Date: May 19Abstract: Isolated heterocysts of the N$_{2}$-fixing Anabaena cylindrica, prepared by a combination of lysozyme and Yeda press treatments, are metabolically active with over 90% of the measurable nitrogenase activity being located in the heterocyst preparations after disruption of the intact filaments. The photosynthetic activities of such isolated heterocysts are characterized by an inability to carry out the photolysis of water or to fix CO$_{2}$. The lack of O$_{2}$ evolution appears to be due in part to the depletion during heterocyst differentiation of Mn, a central component of the photosystem II reaction centre in O$_{2}$-evolving algae. There is evidence that components of the photosynthetic electron transport chain on the reducing side of the photosystem II reaction centre are present and functional in heterocysts. These include cytochrome c$_{554}$, plastocyanin, plastoquinone, cytochrome b$_{559}$, P700, cytochrome b$_{563}$, and iron-sulphur proteins which appear to correspond to centre A and centre B of higher plant chloroplasts.

Soluble, or loosely bound ferredoxin is also present and involved in electron transport from ferredoxin to NADP. Isolated heterocysts photoreduce methylviologen when reduced 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol and diphenylcarbazide serve as electron donors. They show P700 photo-oxidation and photoreduction, photosynthetic electron transport which is inhibited by 2,5-dibromo-3-methyl-6-isopropyl-p-benzoquinone an antagonist of plastoquinone, photophosphorylation, oxidative phosphorylation and ferredoxin-NADP oxidoreductase mediated reactions. The photosynthetic modifications of the heterocyst are such that electron transport and the generation of ATP for nitrogenase can occur without concomitant O$_{2}$ evolution and without nitrogenase having to compete with CO$_{2}$ fixation for ATP and reductant.Notes: FLA00804649The Royal SocietylatexCopyright 1977 The Royal SocietyURL: http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0080-4649%2819770519%29198%3A1130%3C61%3APCAAON%3E2.0.CO%3B2-9

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 255Author: Sinclair, C.; Whitton, B. A.Year: 1977Title: Influence of nutrient deficiency on hair formation in the RivulariaceaeJournal: Br. Phycol. J., 12(3), 297-313, 1977Keywords: nutrient deficiency; environmental effects; RivulariaceaeAnabaena; Calothrix; Dichothrix; Gloeotrichia; Homoeothrix; Rivularia;hair; formation; nutrition; deficiency; effect of; effect onMarineQ1 01422 Environmental effectsAbstract: Thirteen out of 36 strains of Rivulariaceae (including species of Anabaena, Calothrix, Dichothrix, Gloeotrichia, Homoeothrix, Rivularia) were found to be able to produce hairs. In all 13 strains, abundant hair increase occurred under conditions of phosphate deficiency. Fe deficiency also led to hair formation in 8 strains, and Mg deficiency in one strain, but Ca, Mo and SO SUB-4 deficiences had no such effect. Although the presence of combined nitrogen had a marked effect on the trichome morphology of the heterocystous strains, it reduced hair formation in only 3 strains, and the effect was only slight. Addition of the missing element to deficient cultures with hairs always eventually led to the loss of the hair. Two field materials were also

studied, in crude culture. Both showed increased hair development with decreasing phosphate concentration.Notes: EnglishJournal Article

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 24Author: Rother, J. A.; Fay, P.Year: 1977Title: Sporulation and the Development of Planktonic Blue-Green Algae in Two Salopian MeresJournal: Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological SciencesVolume: 196Issue: 1124Pages: 317-332Date: Mar. 18Abstract: Factors affecting akinete formation and the survival of planktonic blue-green algal populations after the formation of 'water blooms' were investigated in two eutrophic kataglacial lakes. It is considered that the induction of sporulation may be due to extreme conditions at the water surface during the summer to which the algal bloom is exposed, rather than to nutrient, especially orthophosphate, deficiency. It has not been shown conclusively that akinetes constitute an overwintering stage of the planktonic algal life cycle, or that akinetes germinate in the spring to produce the inoculum for subsequent vegetative growth. Comparisons of planktonic, sedimenting and benthic algal material indicate that germination shortly after maturation may provide the greater part of the over-wintering planktonic vegetative populations. Population sizes and life cycles appear to be influenced by the physical factors which control the stability of the water column.Notes: FLA00804649The Royal SocietyCopyright 1977 The Royal SocietyURL: http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0080-4649%2819770318%29196%3A1124%3C317%3ASATDOP%3E2.0.CO%3B2-F

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 256Author: Islam, A. K. M. Nurul; Mendes, FrancisYear: 1977

Title: Studies on the proteins in blue-green algae of Bangladesh. II. Extractible proteinsJournal: Dacca University StudiesVolume: 25Issue: 2Pages: 51-4Accession Number: AN 1978:486869Keywords: Proteins Role: BIOL (Biological study) (of cyanobacteria, ext. of); Aulosira aenigmatica; Cyanobacteria; Gloeotrichia natans; Lyngbya majuscula; Nostoc; Oscillatoria limosa; Porphyrosiphon notarisii; Wollea (proteins of, extn. of)protein extn blue green algae; cyanobacteria protein extnAbstract: The crude protein content extd. from Aulosira aenigmatica, Wollea species, and Gloeotrichia natans constituted 37.63, 35.0, and 20.13%, resp. Of various solvents tested for extg. proteins from 7 species of blue-green algae, 0.5 NaOH, 1.0 NaCl, and 1.0% Na2CO3 were the most effective. [on SciFinder (R)]Notes: CAN 89:8686910-1Microbial BiochemistryDep. Bot.,Univ. Dacca,Dacca,Bangladesh.Journal0011-5223written in English.497-19-8; 1310-73-2; 7647-14-5 Role: BIOL (Biological study) (proteins of cyanobacteria extn. by)

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 92Author: Duckett, J. G.; Prasad, A. K. S. K.; Davies, D. A.; Walker, S.Year: 1977Title: A Cytological Analysis of the Nostoc-Bryophyte RelationshipJournal: New PhytologistVolume: 79Issue: 2Pages: 349-362Date: Sep.Abstract: A comparative light and electron microscope study has been made of the Nostoc colonies within the thalli of Blasia pusilla and the three British species of Anthoceros, and also of the Nostoc isolated from each bryophyte. From their morphology in culture two taxa of Nostoc have been identified; N. sphaericum from Anthoceros punctatus, A. husnotii and A. laevis, and N. calcicola from other gatherings of Anthoceros laevis and Blasia. These findings support the notion that the algal-bryophyte associations are none specific. Within

bryophyte thalli, the Nostoc trichomes are closely packed and specific features cannot be recognized. Mucilaginous sheaths are much less extensive and there is no evidence that the alga thrive in mucilage produced by the adjacent bryophyte cells. Heterocyst frequencies as high as 50% in the bryophytic Nostoc spp. strikingly recall the Azolla, Gunnera and cycad-blue-green algal symbioses. Akinetes, readily produced in culture were only seen in the Nostoc from dormant Anthoceros. The absence of phycobilisomes and high heterocyst frequencies in the bryophytic Nostoc spp. corroborates physiological data that the algae receive organic carbon from their hosts which enable them to fix nitrogen heterotrophically. The Nostoc colonies in both Blasia and Anthoceros are extensively penetrated by multicellular bryophytic filaments. Whereas in Anthoceros these comprise highly vacuolate, thin-walled cells, which sometimes contain intracellular Nostoc trichomes, in Blasia the filaments are thick-walled and often develop labyrinthine wall ingrowths. This transfer cell morphology may be interpreted as an adaptation facilitating interchange of metabolites between Blasia and Nostoc. Its absence in Anthoceros perhaps indicates a far less harmonious relationship or may be related to the higher nutrient status of the habitats where the Anthoceros spp. were collected.Notes: FLA0028646xBlackwell Science PublicationsCopyright 1977 New Phytologist TrustURL: http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0028-646X%28197709%2979%3A2%3C349%3AACAOTN%3E2.0.CO%3B2-9

Reference Type: BookRecord Number: 257Author: Crisman, T. L.Year: 1977Title: Algal remains in Minnesota lake types: A correlation of modern and early postglacial distributionsSeries Editor: Blinova, E. I.; Vozzhinskaya, V. B.; Rekhina, N. I.; Kosova, K. D.City: 3 Knabrostraede, DK-1210, Copenhagen K, DenmarkPublisher: DIS Congress ServiceKeywords: geographical distribution; environmental effects; Algae; USA, Minnesota,Inland waterspalaeontologyFreshwaterQ1 01222 Geographical distributionAbstract: The distribution of algal remains (Pediastrum, Peridinium,

Botryococcus, Gleotrichia, Stauastrum) in surficial sediments of ninety-six Minnesota lakes were correlated with sixteen physical and chemical parameters for each lake by means of principal component analysis, Pearson correlatin and multiple linear regression. Stagtistical analyses suggest that the distribution of these algae is controlled mainly by lake conductivity and trophic state. Increased productivity and conductivity is accompanied by a replacement of Botryococcus and Peridinium by Pediastrum. Examination of the stratigraphy of algal remains in several Minesota lake cores suggests a widespread early postglacial productivity increased coinciding with the establishment of spruce forest in the area (13,000 B.P.). Initial data suggest that productivity decreased following the replacement of spruce by pine (10,000 B.P.).Notes: Presented at 20th Limnological Congress, Copenhagen, 7 Aug 1977S.I.L. 20 Congress CopenhagenEnglishBook Monograph

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 258Author: Crawford, S. A.Year: 1977Title: Chemical, physical and biological changes associated with Chara succession in farm pondsJournal: HydrobiologiaVolume: 55Issue: 3Pages: 209-217Keywords: succession (ecological); water analysis; ponds; Chara vulgarispond; succession; nutrients (mineral); chemical analysisFreshwaterQ1 01482 Ecosystems and energeticsAbstract: Four farm ponds in various stages of Chara vulgaris succession - from the initial invasion of the alga to its nearly complete replacement - were followed each week from ice cover to ice cover. Chemical, physical, and biological parameters were analyzed in order to determine differences between ponds and to discover the biological and physicochemical factors associated with succession in C.vulgaris ponds. The data were analyzed statistically by intraclass (single factor) analysis of variance, the Student's t-test, and stepwise multiple regression analysis. The initial invasion of C.vulgaris appeared to be preceded by a lowering of the nutrient levels of the pond by Zygnematales growth and by the substrate-stabilizing growth of Rhizoclonium sp. Chara-dominated ponds had significantly lower free

CO SUB-2 , bicarbonate alkalinity, and total hardness readings. Carbonate alkalinity, low phytoplankton productivity, high dissolved O SUB-2 , low phosphate, and high Secchi disk readings were also characteristic of ponds in which C.vulgaris was dominant. In ponds where C.vulgaris appeared in the process of being replaced, the physicochemical factors were more closely associated with phytoplankton productivity and diversity and less closely with submerged vegetation species. Succession from C.vulgaris domination to a Najas-Potamogeton community appeared to involve shading of the former by the latter and was accelerated by the smothering effect of decaying debris caused by Gloeotrichia sp. In the final stages of succession, turbid conditions resulting from the lack of substrate-stabilizing vegetation and increased phytoplankton growth appear to have discouraged C.vulgaris growth early in the season.Notes: EnglishJournal Article

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 33Author: Torrey, Marguerite Sherman; Lee, G. F.Year: 1976Title: Nitrogen Fixation in Lake Mendota, Madison, WisconsinJournal: Limnology and OceanographyVolume: 21Issue: 3Pages: 365-378Date: MayAbstract: The effects of various environmental conditions, and of cell composition, heterocyst content, and nitrogen content of algal samples, on fixation of $N_2$ by colonial and filamentous algae in Lake Mendota were investigated. Heterocyst content and temperature were significantly and positively related to acetylene reduction activity ($N_2$ fixation); depth of sample collection was negatively related. Available data do not show whether statistical correlations of acetylene reduction activity with disolved $O_2$ and pH represent specific effects of $O_2$ and pH on this activity, or simply reflect chemical changes caused by algal photosynthesis. During summer stratification, when surface-water content of combined inorganic nitrogen was severely depleted, $N_2$ fixation associated with heterocystous blue-green algae contributed 85% of the total $N_2$ fixed. Bacterial $N_2$ fixation was low compared to that of algae. Despite its small overall contribution to the annual nitrogen budget (38,000 kg of nitrogen; ca. 7% of the total input), $N_2$ fixation is significant in maintaining blue-green algal nuisances in surface water when $non-N_2 -fixing$ phytoplankton cannot compete effectively.

Notes: FLA00243590American Society of Limnology and OceanographylatexCopyright 1976 American Society of Limnology and OceanographyURL: http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0024-3590%28197605%2921%3A3%3C365%3ANFILMM%3E2.0.CO%3B2-3

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 259Author: Stewart, K. M.Year: 1976Title: Oxygen deficits, clarity, and eutrophication in some Madison lakesJournal: Int. Rev. Gesamt. HydrobiolVolume: 61Issue: 5Pages: 563-579Accession Number: 5260457Keywords: Eutrophication; Trophic levels; Oxygen depletion; Phytoplankton;Seasonal variations; Water temperature; Hypolimnion; Waterquality; Sewage; Daphnia pulex; Aphanizomenon flos-aquae;Microcystis aeruginosa; Anabaena; Staurastrum; Melosira; Ceratium;Gloeotrichia; USA, Wisconsin, Madison; USA, Wisconsin, Mendota L;USA, Wisconsin, Waubesa L; USA, Wisconsin, Monona LFreshwaterQ1 01482 Ecosystems and energetics; Q1 01481 ProductivityAbstract: Oxygen deficits, rates of oxygen depletion, and Secchi disk measurements were the major indices examined in this study to determine trends in trophic conditions in Lakes Mendota, Monona, and Waubesa near Madison, Wisconsin. On the basis of available data, there is little that can be said reliably with respect to documenting eutrophication, particularly in Lake Mendota in the past several decades, that could not be attributed to normal variability. Better evidence for eutrophication comes from cores of some of the lakes. A comparison of oxygen deficits without simultaneous information on mean hypolimnetic temps and the lateness of ice out may provide a misleading interpretation of trophic variations over time.Notes: 1976.0020-930959 ref.. Records keyed from 1977 ASFA printed journals.EnglishJournal ArticleAuthor Address: State Univ.New York, Dep.Biol., Buffalo, NY 14214,

USA

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 260Author: Peterson, R. B.; Burris, R. H.Year: 1976Title: Conversion of acetylene reduction rates to nitrogen fixation rates in natural populations of blue-green algaeJournal: Analytical BiochemistryVolume: 73Issue: 2Pages: 404-10Accession Number: AN 1976:443320Keywords: Anabaena; Aphanizomenon; Gloeotrichia (acetylene redn. rates and nitrogen fixation in); Algae (blue-green, nitrogen fixation in, acetylene redn. in relation to); Nitrogen fixation (by blue-green algae, acetylene redn. rates in relation to)blue green algae nitrogen fixation; acetylene redn nitrogen fixation algaeAbstract: The results of 12 expts. are reported on naturally occurring groups of N2-fixing blue-green algae in which redn. of C2H2 and 15N2 were detd. simultaneously. Simple averaging of the C2H2/N2 redn. rates yielded a conversion factor of 4.4. Linear and log transform regression analyses yielded values of 4.8 and 4.2, resp. Reports estg. N inputs based on C2H2 redn. detns. are evaluated. [on SciFinder (R)]Notes: CAN 85:433209-5Biochemical MethodsDep. Biochem.,Univ. Wisconsin,Madison,WI,USA.Journal0003-2697written in English.

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 89Author: Moss, BrianYear: 1976Title: The Effects of Fertilization and Fish on Community Structure and Biomass of Aquatic Macrophytes and Epiphytic Algal Populations: An Ecosystem ExperimentJournal: The Journal of EcologyVolume: 64Issue: 1Pages: 313-342Date: Mar.

Abstract: Eighteen similar ponds (0.07 ha area, 1.3 m water depth) were fertilized at three levels with a fertilizer containing nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compounds. Two ponds were left as controls. Simultaneously similar blue gill sunfish (Lepomis macrochirus) populations were added to nine of the ponds. The effects of fertilization and the presence of fish which eat invertebrates, including grazers on the aquatic macrophyte and epiphytic algal populations, were investigated. Medium fertilization $(0.23 g N m^{-2} week^{-1}, 0.02 g P m^{-2} week^{-1})$ did not change the macrophyte biomass or species composition, or the biomass and species composition of the epiphyte community. Its sole effect was to increase diversity of the epiphytic diatom community slightly. There was no apparent influence of fish at low and medium fertilization levels. High levels of fertilization $(0.91 g N m^{-2} week^{-1}, 0.09 g P m^{-2} week^{-1}$) caused major changes in the limnology of the ponds, in the macrophyte community composition and biomass, in the epiphyte biomass and diatom community composition and diversity. Some of the reasons for change in the diatom community could be directly ascribed to fertilization and some to a change in the nature of the host macrophyte. There was a reduction in biomass at high fertilization levels which was believed to be due to shading by increased phytoplankton populations. Fish had measurable influence at high fertilization levels. They caused increases in biomass of certain macrophytes and of the epiphytes, probably through predation on grazing invertebrates, and they changed slightly the species composition of the epiphytic diatom community, perhaps because of modification of water chemistry, perhaps because of predation on grazers which ate the epiphytes selectively. Overall the effects of fertilization on the macrophyte-epiphyte community were much greater than those of the presence of fish. A quantitative summary is given in Fig. 9. Some comments are made on the advantages and drawbacks of large-scale ecosystem experimentation.Notes: FLA00220477Blackwell Scientific PublicationslatexCopyright 1976 British Ecological SocietyURL: http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0022-0477%28197603%2964%3A1%3C313%3ATEOFAF%3E2.0.CO%3B2-X

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 261Author: H.-Bartha, Z.Year: 1976Title: On the occurrence of two blue-green algae in Lake Balaton

Journal: Ann. Inst. Biol. Sci. Hung. (Tihany), 43, 43-46, (1976)Keywords: new records; geographical distribution; taxonomy; morphology (organisms);Gloeotrichia natans; Anabaena flos-aquae; Hungary, Balaton L.habitat; Stratiotes aloides; occurrence; lake; Balaton; HungaryFreshwaterQ1 01222 Geographical distributionAbstract: The paper reports the appearance of a blue-green alga, new for the flora of Lake Balaton. The hard, pulpy colonies of Gloeotrichia natans (Hedw.) Rabh. with a diameter of 2-4 mm were found on the leaf thorns of Stratiotes aloides L., collected in the environs of the beach of Fuzfo on 24 July 1974. The appearance and rapid spreading of S.aloides and other reed-grass species in Lake Balaton produced new habitats making the appearance of new species possible. This fact has been proved by the presence of G.natans. On 3 Sept, 1974, blooms of Anabaena flos-aquae (Lyngb.) Breb. appearing in spots with a diameter of about 10 cm were observed above the littoral reed-grass stands between the pier of Keszthely and Budos-canal. According to Elenkin's description, the specimens in the material collected perfectly correspond to that of Anabaena flos-aquae f. aptekariana. Up to the present, A.flos-aquae f. jacutica and var gracilis have been detected in Lake Balaton. These variants and forms distinguishable in nature had been combined by modern taxonomists into the species. This, however, seems to be incorrect, because the remote appearance in space and time of the 3 variants described from Lake Balaton conveys different information.Notes: EnglishJournal Article

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 262Author: Granhall, UlfYear: 1976Title: The presence of cellulose in heterocyst envelopes of blue-green algae and its role in relation to nitrogen fixationJournal: Physiologia PlantarumVolume: 38Issue: 3Pages: 208-16Accession Number: AN 1977:13903Keywords: Nitrogen fixation (by blue-green algae, cell wall cellulose in relation to); Cell wall (cellulose of, of blue-green algae, nitrogen fixation in relation to); Anabaena inaequalis; Gloeotrichia echinulata (nitrogen fixation by, cell wall cellulose in relation to); Algae (blue-green, nitrogen fixation by, cell wall cellulose in relation to)

algae nitrogen fixation cellulose; cell wall cellulose algae; Anabaena nitrogen fixation cellulose; Gloeotrichia nitrogen fixation celluloseAbstract: The presence of cellulose in the heterocyst envelope of blue-green algae (Anabaena inaequalis and Gloeotrichia echinulata) was studied by electron microscopy, cellulase treatments, and sp. staining. The role of this cellulose in the protection of the heterocyst nitrogenase during acetylene redn. was obsd. Expts. with lysozyme and cellulase suggest that N fixation in heterocystous blue-green algae under aerobic conditions is functionally effective only when an intimate relation exists between vegetative cells and heterocysts and both cell types have intact wall structures. [on SciFinder (R)]Notes: CAN 86:1390311-2Plant BiochemistryDep. Microbiol.,Swed. Univ. Agric., For. Vet. Med.,Uppsala,Swed.Journal0031-9317written in English.9004-34-6 Role: BIOL (Biological study) (of algae cell walls, nitrogen fixation in relation to)

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 263Author: Cranwell, P. A.Year: 1976Title: Decomposition of aquatic biota and sediment formation: lipid components of two blue-green algal species and of detritus resulting from microbial attackJournal: Freshwater BiologyVolume: 6Issue: 6Pages: 481-8Accession Number: AN 1978:126063Keywords: Lipids Role: OCCU (Occurrence) (in lake sediments, from microbial decompn. of blue-green algae); Gloeotrichia echinulata; Oscillatoria agardhii (in lake water, microbial decompn. of, lipids in sediments in relation to); Geological sediments (lake, lipids in, from microbial decompn. of blue-green algae)Gloeotrichia decompn lipid lake sediment; Oscillatoria decompn lipid lake sediment; algae decompn lipid lake sedimentAbstract: To simulate early stages in the diagenesis of algal material in lakes, microbial attack was allowed to proceed on natural populations of 2 blue-green algal species, Gloeotrichia echinulata and Oscillatoria agardhii. Changes in compn. and abundance of the major lipid fractions were related to differences in the ease of microbial

attack and to the effect of O on the decay process. The loss of labile unsatd. compds. during diagenesis is consistent with the small amt. of these compds. in most lake sediments. [on SciFinder (R)]Notes: CAN 88:12606361-1WaterFreshwater Biol. Assoc.,Ambleside/Cumbria,UK.Journal0046-5070written in English.7782-44-7 Role: OCCU (Occurrence) (in lake water, microbial decompn. of blue-green algae in relation to)

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 88Author: Bousfield, Joan; Peat, AlanYear: 1976Title: The Ultrastructure of Collema tenax, with Particular Reference to Microtubule-Like Inclusions and Vesicle Production by the PhycobiontJournal: New PhytologistVolume: 76Issue: 1Pages: 121-128Date: Jan.Abstract: An ultrastructural study of the vegetative thallus of Collema tenax (SW). Ach, showed that although haustorial connections were absent, the mycobiont did occasionally penetrate the algal sheath material. Concentric bodies and mesosome-like structures were characteristically found in the mycobiont. Normal and senescent blue-green algal cells were found alongside unusual vesiculating cells. Vesicles from these latter cells are apparently produced by reverse pinocytosis of plastoglobuli. These vesicles were occasionally found in close juxtaposition to the fungal hyphae, after dissolution of the algal sheath, and the hypothesis is advanced that they may be implicated in lipid transfer. 'Microtubule-like' structures were observed in the algal cells and their relationship to similar structures in free living Nostoc, other blue-green algae, bacteria, algal and higher plant chloroplasts and to typical microtubules is discussed. The ultrastructure of fresh and rehydrated material was compared. There was no apparent difference in the ultrastructure of material which had been dried for 3 months and rehydrated and that of material which had been freshly fixed.Notes: FLA0028646xBlackwell Science Publications

Copyright 1976 New Phytologist TrustURL: http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0028-646X%28197601%2976%3A1%3C121%3ATUOCTW%3E2.0.CO%3B2-F

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 90Author: Birks, H. J. B.Year: 1976Title: Late-Wisconsinan Vegetational History at Wolf Creek, Central MinnesotaJournal: Ecological MonographsVolume: 46Issue: 4Pages: 395-429Date: AutumnKeywords: Climatic history, ice margin, macrofossils, plant, Minnesota, Pleistocene, stratigraphy, pollen, vegetation, late WisconsinanAbstract: The pollen and plant-macrofossil stratigraphy of Wolf Creek, an extensive marsh within one of the oldest drumlin fields in central Minnesota, is described for the period 20,500 to 9150 yr ago. The pollen stratigraphy is presented both as percentages and as @'absolute@' influx. Both the pollen and macrofossil data have been analyzed by numerical zonation procedures to reveal the major stratigraphic patterns with the two data sets. The vegetational reconstructions presented are based on the pollen percentage and influx data, on macrofossil assemblages, on comparisons of modern and fossil pollen spectra, and on the present ecology of the individual taxa concerned. From 20,500 to 14,700 yr ago, a mosaic of tundra-like vegetation prevailed, with wide-spread @'tundra-barrens@' of Dryas integrifolia, Arenaria rubella, Silene acaulis, and Vaccinium uliginosum var. alpinum. Between 14,700 and 13,600 yr ago, shrub vegetation with dwarf birch, Empetrum, willows, alder, and Shepherdia canadensis developed as a transitional phase prior to the establishment of spruce-dominated woodland 13,600 yr ago. Between this time and 10,000 yr ago, little change occurred in the upland vegetation, except for the expansion of some deciduous elements @? 12,250 yr ago. Local changes in wetland assemblages occurred, primarily in response to changes in lake level. At @?10,000 yr ago, Pinus banksiana expanded at the expense of spruce to form a mixed coniferous-deciduous forest. Climatic interpretation of this vegetational development suggests a progressive increase in temperature since 14,700 yr ago. This unidirectional trend in climatic development contrasts with the glacial history of the state for the time period of interest, as the Lake Superior ice lobe advanced three times between 16,000 and 12,000 yr ago. The

lack of correspondence between the pollen stratigraphy and the glacial history is discussed, and hypotheses are presented to explain this apparent anomaly.Notes: FLA00129615Duke University PressENCopyright 1976 The Ecological Society of AmericaURL: http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0012-9615%28197623%2946%3A4%3C395%3ALVHAWC%3E2.0.CO%3B2-1

Reference Type: BookRecord Number: 264Author: Wallace, R. L.Year: 1975Title: Larval behavior of the sessile rotifer Ptygura beauchampi (Edmondson)Series Editor: Sladecek, V.City: Stuttgart, Germany F.R.Publisher: Schweizerbart'sche VerlagsbuchhandlungISBN: 3510540115Accession Number: 5260252Keywords: Invertebrate larvae; Distribution; Biological sampling; Larvalsettlement; Size distribution; Substrate preferences; Agecomposition; Settling behaviour; Ptygura beauchampi; Utriculariavulgaris; GloeotrichiaFreshwaterQ1 01424 Age and growthAbstract: Lab observations made on larvae of known ages have indicated that they undergo distinct changes in morphology, swimming characteristics, and reactions to substrates, while increasing in size from 50 {mu} to > 200 {mu} in length. New born larvae (up to 120 minutes old) are relatively refractory to settling, particularly during the first 45 minutes of life. This refractory period is important for dispersal since larvae do not immediately settle after birth, but go through an obligatory planktonic stage. Older larval stages (young, mid-aged, and late) react to surfaces in a characteristic exploratory maner. Further, they show unique positive responses to, and will settle on their preferred substrate (U. vulgaris vestibules). Mid-aged larvae (180-270 minuted old) show the greatest propensity for settling. In the absence of their preferred substrate senescent larvae may undergo metamorphosis while free swimming or attached to other surfaces; or they may delay longer. Most larvae which do not settle, die.Notes: Congress in Canada 1974, Winnipeg (Canada), 1974

Congress in Canada 1974. Vol. 19, no. 4, [Verh.Int.Ver.Theor.Angew.Limnol.]. 1975.12 ref.. Records keyed from 1977 ASFA printed journals.EnglishBook Monograph

Reference Type: ReportRecord Number: 265Author: Murphy, T. P.; Lean, D. R. S.Year: 1975Title: The distribution of iron in a closed ecosystemInstitution: EdType: ReportReport Number: 3510540085Accession Number: 5256430Keywords: Iron; Ecosystems; Phytoplankton; Seasonal variations; Metals;Sediment analysis; Chelates; Phosphorus; Nitrogen; Microcystisaeruginosa; Gloeotrichia echinulata; Anabaena flos-aquae; Anabaenaspiroides; Anabaena planctonica; Aphanizomenon flos-aquae; AlgaeFreshwaterQ1 01482 Ecosystems and energetics; Q2 02141 GeneralAbstract: There was not a significant correlation of iron to trace metals or to phosphorus in the sedimenting material. There was a large amount of iron returning from the sediments into the open water that must not have been available for biological uptake. Even though the community appeared to secrete a low mol wt substance to chelate the iron, most of the iron not in the seston was associated with magnesium in a molecular size range of 1,000 to 10,000. The periphyton community where nitrogen fixation occurred contained 4 times the iron concn as that where nitrogen fixation was low. The phytoplankton samples that were fixing nitrogen had the highest rates of Super(55)Fe uptake.Notes: Congress in Canada 1974, Winnipeg; Canada, 1974Congress in Canada 1974. Vol. 19, no. 1., [Verh.Int.Ver.Theor.Angew.Limnol.]. 1975.20 ref.. Records keyed from 1977 ASFA printed journals.Schweizerbart'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Stuttgart, Germany F.R.English

Reference Type: ReportRecord Number: 266Author: Lean, D. R. S.; Charlton, M. N.; Burnison, B. K.; Murphy, T. P.; Millard, S. E.; Young, K. R.

Year: 1975Title: Phosphorus: changes in ecosystem metabolism from reduced loadingInstitution: EdType: ReportReport Number: 3510540085Accession Number: 5256429Keywords: Phosphorus; Ecosystems; Chlorophylls; Mud; Sedimentation; Seasonalvariations; Algal blooms; Primary production; Nutrients (mineral);Aphanizomenon flos-aquae; Anabaena spiroides; Anabaenaplanctonica; Anabaena flos-aquae; Gloeotrichia echinulata;Microcystis aeruginosa; Algae; Canada, Ontario, Ontario LFreshwaterQ1 01482 Ecosystems and energeticsAbstract: The authors attempted to study sediment phosphorus availability in conjunction with an investigation of phosphorus movement through a lake ecosystem (Bay of Quinte, Lake Ontario). 3 corals were placed in the water. They were enriched with nutrients (no nutrients, H Sub(3)PO Sub(4), NaNO Sub(3)). The changes in total phosphorus were shown over 12 months. There was great similarity in all 3 corals in the fall and winter months. The release of biologically active P occurred in midsummer after several months of gradual increase in productivity and chlorophyll standing crops. In addition to the movement within the community the exchange rates between the open water, the littoral zone and the sediments were investigated. The observations suggest that the effect of reducing the nutrient input to shallow lakes may not change the total analytical P concn in the water but sine the load of sedimenting material will be reduced, the occurrence of heavy midsummer algal blooms will occur less frequently.Notes: Congress in Canada 1974, Winnipeg; Canada, 1974Congress in Canada 1974. Vol. 19, no. 1., [Verh.Int.Ver.Theor.Angew.Limnol.]. 1975.17 ref.. Records keyed from 1977 ASFA printed journals.Schweizerbart'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Stuttgart, Germany F.R.English

Reference Type: ReportRecord Number: 267Author: Jones, J. R.; Bachmann, R. W.Year: 1975Title: Algal response to nutrient inputs in some Iowa lakesType: ReportReport Number: 3510540093

Accession Number: 5256513Keywords: Trophic levels; Algal blooms; Eutrophic lakes; Phosphorus cycle;Nutrient cycles; Chlorophylls; Seasonal variations; Runoff;Biomass; Algae; Anabaena; Microcystis; Aphanizomenon;Botryococcus; Stephanodiscus; Coelosphaerium; Fragilaria;Gloeotrichia; USA, Iowa; USA, Iowa, Okoboji L; USA, Iowa, BigSpirit L; USA, Iowa, Gar LFreshwaterQ1 01423 BehaviourAbstract: The authors tested the importance of annual inputs of plant nutrients to the trophic status of 4 lakes in northwest Iowa, Lake West Okoboji, Big Spirit Lake and Lower Gar Lake. Annual inputs of phosphorus were calculated for the period Aug-July during 3 years. On the average, 0.35kg/ha of total phosphorus annually was lost from the watersheds during the study. Approximately 0.032 gm/m Super(2) of phosphorus was contributed annually to the lake surfaces by precipation. Algal populations in the lakes are arranged in the order of increasing potential phosphorus values. The lake with the highest potential phosphorus has the greatest chlorophyll concn algal populations in individual lakes are responsive to annual inputs, when natural changes in the annual runoff lowered the phosphorus input for a given year, the lakes responded with a smaller algal bloom.Notes: Congress in Canada 1974, Winnipeg (Canada), 1974Congress in Canada 1974. Vol. 19, no. 2, [Verh.Int.Ver.Theor.Angew.Limnol.]. 1975.18 ref.. Records keyed from 1977 ASFA printed journals.Schweizerbart'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Stuttgart (Germany F.R.)English

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 43Author: Gardner, Wayne S.; Lee, G. FredYear: 1975Title: The Role of Amino Acids in the Nitrogen Cycle of Lake MendotaJournal: Limnology and OceanographyVolume: 20Issue: 3Pages: 379-388Date: MayAbstract: Concentrations of most dissolved free amino acids (DFAA) in Lake Mendota, a eutrophic Wisconsin Lake, were generally low $(<0.01 \mu M$) but detectable and appeared to be controlled by bacterial uptake. Combined amino acids occurred in concentrations an order of magnitude higher than DFAA. Of 10 amino acids examined, serine and

alanine were generally most prevalent in the DFAA fraction (glycine was not measured). Concentrations of dissolved amino acids (free and combined) showed little variation with depth or season, but the levels of particulate amino acids increased in the epilimnion during the warmer months when conditions were favorable for algal growth. In the hypolimnion concentrations of amino acids in particulate material were lower than in the dissolved fraction. Daily examination of shore samples suggested that the concentrations of the DFAA generally reained of trace levels, with substantially higher concentrations during a period of rapid algal decomposition following an Aphanizomenon bloom. Shore water samples from 3 m below the lake surface contained lower and more uniform DFAA concentrations from day to day than did surface samples.Notes: FLA00243590American Society of Limnology and OceanographylatexCopyright 1975 American Society of Limnology and OceanographyURL: http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0024-3590%28197505%2920%3A3%3C379%3ATROAAI%3E2.0.CO%3B2-9

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 268Author: Daft, M. J.; McCord, S. B.; Stewart, W. D. P.Year: 1975Title: Ecological studies on algal-lysing bacteria in fresh watersJournal: Freshwater BiolVolume: 5Issue: 6Pages: 577-596Accession Number: 5251358Keywords: Ecosystems; Biochemistry; Eutrophication; Algae; Bacteria;CyanophyceaeFreshwaterQ1 01482 Ecosystems and energeticsAbstract: Algal-lysing bacteria are present in 5 lochs, 2 reservoirs, 1 sewage works and 5 alkaline soils which were examined. 9 out of 36 isolates have been studied in detail and all are gram-negative nonfruiting myxobacteria. All are aerophilic, require a neutral or alkaline pH (optimum 7.0-9.0) for good growth, have temp optima of 28-37{degree}C, require contact with the host for lysis to occur, and are so similar in morphology and host range that they all appear to be strains of a single gen. They lyse all bloom-forming Cyanophyceae on which they have been tested, including spp of Anabaena, Aphanizomenon, Gloeotrichia, Microcystis and Oscillatoria. Their

abundance is usually correlated directly with the abundance of Cyanophyceae in eutrophic waters and it is probable that in most ecosystems the algae and the bacteria co-exist, although if the equilibrium changes markedly as a result of change in environmental conditions situations may arise where the bacteria may play an important role in the lysis of algal blooms, that this is likely to be a rare occurrence in natural ecosystems.Notes: 1975.Records keyed from 1976 ASFA printed journals.Journal ArticleAuthor Address: Univ.Dundee, Dep.Biol.Sci., UK

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 87Author: Vanderhoef, Larry N.; Huang, Chi-Ying; Musil, Robert; Williams, JefferyYear: 1974Title: Nitrogen Fixation (Acetylene Reduction) by Phytoplankton in Green Bay, Lake Michigan, in Relation to Nutrient ConcentrationsJournal: Limnology and OceanographyVolume: 19Issue: 1Pages: 119-125Date: Jan.Abstract: Nitrogen fixation (acetylene reduction) and the growth of blue-green algae were studied in Green Bay (Lake Michigan) during summer 1972. Where concentrations of all nutrients were high Microcystis predominated. As combined nitrogen concentrations decreased Aphanizomenon increased. Aphanizomenon showed increasing $C_2H_2-reducing$ efficiency as the $NH_4^+ + NO_3^-$ concentration declined, but its standing crop decreased with declining P concentration. At 40 km from the Fox River diatoms were predominant. Increased algal growth and nitrogen fixation in 1972, as compared to 1971, correlated with higher phosphate concentrations. Almost half as much nitrogen was added to the bay by fixation as was delivered by the Fox River during the same period.Notes: FLA00243590American Society of Limnology and OceanographylatexCopyright 1974 American Society of Limnology and OceanographyURL: http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0024-3590%28197401%2919%3A1%3C119%3ANF%28RBP%3E2.0.CO%3B2-Y

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 269Author: Lata, Gene F.Year: 1974Title: Possible occurrence of sterols in blue-green algaeJournal: Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of ScienceVolume: 81Issue: 2Pages: 89-90Accession Number: AN 1975:40479Keywords: Steroids Role: BIOL (Biological study) (hydroxy, of Microcystis and Gloeotrichia); Gloeotrichia echinulata; Microcystis aeruginosa (sterols of)sterol Microcystis Gloeotrichia; algae sterolAbstract: The blue-green algae such as Microcystis aeruginosa and Gloeotrichia echinulata obtained from blooms in lakes of northwest Iowa contain trace amts. of digitonin-precipitable sterols and show a low level of isotopic incorporation of acetate-1-14C into these compds. [on SciFinder (R)]Notes: CAN 82:4047910-1Microbial BiochemistryDep. Biochem.,Univ. Iowa,Iowa City,IA,USA.Journal0085-2236written in English.

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 270Author: Lange, WillyYear: 1974Title: Chelating agents and blue-green algaeJournal: Canadian Journal of MicrobiologyVolume: 20Issue: 10Pages: 1311-21Accession Number: AN 1975:53901Keywords: Algae (blue-green, chelating agents of); Chelating agents and Complexing agents (of blue-green algae)chelating agent bluegreen algaeAbstract: Many planktonic blue-green algae produce natural chelators which enable them to grow at high pH in the absence of artificial chelators. The growth of 10 cyanophytes without an added chelator was found to differ widely with the algal species. Bacteria-contg. cultures of Anabaena cylindrica, Anacystis nidulans, Lyngbya species,

Microcystis aeruginosa, Nostoc muscorum, and Phormidium foveolarum produced their own chelators and grew just as well as the controls with artificial chelating agents. Bacteria-contg. cultures of Anabaena circinalis, Gloeotrichia echinulata, Oscillatoria rubescens, and Aphanizomenon flor-aquae did not produce chelators and, in the absence of artificial agents, grew poorly or perished early. The alga-produced, extracellular chelators were water-sol. and capable of chelating and controlling metal compds. that would exist in colloidal form at pH >7. Accordingly, in the absence of artificial chelators, the nonchelator-forming species grew in the filtrates of the chelator-forming algae the same as in the presence of artificial agents. Bacteria were not involved in the formation of natural chelators, since axenic cultures of Anabaena circinalis, Anacystis nidulans, M. aeruginosa, N. muscorum, and P. foveolarum in the absence of artificial chelators performed about the same as the bacteria-assocd. species. Also, the filtrates of axenic, chelator-forming Anacystis cultures had the same growth-stimulating effect on the nonchelator-forming species as filtrates from bacteria-assocd. cultures. The natural chelators showed partial thermolability. While the growth of chelator-forming species in the absence of artificial chelators was normal during the logarithmic phase, a peculiar, continuing prodn. of total org. matter was obsd. with strongly declining cell nos. of Lyngbya, Microcystis, and Phormidium. The terminal cultures of these species were gelatinous, owing to the presence of extracellular matter, probably consisting of polysaccharides. [on SciFinder (R)]Notes: CAN 82:5390110-1Microbial BiochemistryTanners' Counc. Lab.,Univ. Cincinnati,Cincinnati,OH,USA.Journal0008-4166written in English.

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 86Author: Reynolds, C. S.Year: 1973Title: Growth and Buoyancy of Microcystis aeruginosa Kutz. emend. Elenkin in a Shallow Eutrophic LakeJournal: Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological SciencesVolume: 184Issue: 1074Pages: 29-50Date: Aug. 31

Abstract: The growth of Microcystis aeruginosa in a small, shallow eutrophic lake was studied during three consecutive seasons. The alga was shown to be continuously present in the plankton throughout the period. Exponential increase in the population was confined to a 5 to 8-week period, following the onset of thermal stratification. Populations appeared to originate near the bottom of the euphotic zone. The possession of an effective light-dependent buoyancy control mechanism enabled the alga to maintain station, though progressive deterioration of the photic conditions forced populations to rise and become dissipated within the epilimnion. Buoyancy increased after the cessation of growth; surface blooms often led to the physical removal of a majority of colonies to lee shores. Surviving colonies became generally less buoyant after the lake destratified in autumn.Notes: FLA00804649The Royal SocietyCopyright 1973 The Royal SocietyURL: http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0080-4649%2819730831%29184%3A1074%3C29%3AGABOMA%3E2.0.CO%3B2-N

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 84Author: Moss, BrianYear: 1973Title: The Influence of Environmental Factors on the Distribution of Freshwater Algae: An Experimental Study: III. Effects of Temperature, Vitamin Requirements and Inorganic Nitrogen Compounds on GrowthJournal: The Journal of EcologyVolume: 61Issue: 1Pages: 179-192Date: Mar.Abstract: Growth rates of fifteen species of algae were measured at temperatures between $4^\circ C$ and $36^\circ C$. The maximum growth rates of oligotrophic species tended to be smaller than those of eutrophic species. Temperature optima for growth under the conditions used did not differ between the two groups. Possible adaptive advantages of low growth rates in infertile waters are discussed in relation to theoretical generalizations on the maturity of ecosystems. Some members of both groups required vitamin $B_{12}$ for growth, and most species tested could use either nitrate or ammonium as a nitrogen source.Notes: FLA00220477

Blackwell Scientific PublicationslatexCopyright 1973 British Ecological SocietyURL: http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0022-0477%28197303%2961%3A1%3C179%3ATIOEFO%3E2.0.CO%3B2-J

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 83Author: Moss, BrianYear: 1973Title: The Influence of Environmental Factors on the Distribution of Freshwater Algae: An Experimental Study: II. The Role of pH and the Carbon Dioxide-Bicarbonate SystemJournal: The Journal of EcologyVolume: 61Issue: 1Pages: 157-177Date: Mar.Abstract: Oligotrophic species of algae would not grow at pH values above 8.6-8.85, whilst eutrophic ones grew at pH values above 9, and at considerably higher bicarbonate levels than did the former. The results are interpreted in terms of the available free $CO_2$ at various combinations of pH and bicarbonate. Oligotrophic species are probably confined to free $CO_2$ as an inorganic carbon source for photosynthesis, and may be unable to absorb it below certain concentrations (at least 0.011 mM). Eutrophic species may either use bicarbonate directly or may be able to use free $CO_2$ at very low concentrations. Field observations support the hypothesis that the availability of free $CO_2$ prevents growth of oligotrophic species in hard waters.Notes: FLA00220477Blackwell Scientific PublicationslatexCopyright 1973 British Ecological SocietyURL: http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0022-0477%28197303%2961%3A1%3C157%3ATIOEFO%3E2.0.CO%3B2-R

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 271Author: Khan, K. R.; Schumacher, G. J.Year: 1973Title: The induction of akinetes and their germination in Gloeotrichia echinulata (J.E. Smith) Right

Journal: Journal of Phycology [J. Phycol.]Volume: 9Issue: Suppl.Pages: [np]Accession Number: 5197924Keywords: FreshwaterQ1 01224 Reproduction and developmentAbstract: Plankton colonies of Gloeotrichia echinulata collected from Conesus Lake, NY, during the summer of 1972 did not show any akinetes. The surface water temperature of the lake ranged from 19 degree C in the early morning hours to 27 degree C in the later afternoon. When these colonies were cultured in the laboratory at 21 degree C and 15 degree C for similar to 3 weeks, akinetes developed. The order of frequency of induction of akinetes decreased with decreased temperature. Akinetes from the induced colonies were isolated for the purpose of studying the frequency of germination by homogenation followed by centrifugation. When the isolated akinetes were placed in fresh medium, the frequency of germination increased with time up to 2 weeks. The germination could not be followed into the 3rd weeks as the germlings started developing and occasionally releasing akinetes of their own. There seems to be 2 modes of releasing germlings from the akinetes.Notes: 1973.0022-3646Records keyed from 1973 ASFA printed journalsEnglishJournal ArticleAuthor Address: State Univ. New York Binghampton, NY USA

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 272Author: Findley, D. L.; Findley, D. I.; Stein, J. R.Year: 1973Title: Surface nitrogen and plankton in Skaha Lake, British Columbia (Canada)Journal: Freshwater BiologyVolume: 3Issue: 2Pages: 111-122Alternate Journal: Freshwat. Biol.Accession Number: 5195164Keywords: FreshwaterQ1 01381 GeneralAbstract: This study (1970-1971) of an oligotrophic lake subject to cultural enrichment indicates the presence of complex interrelations between plankton and N sub(2) levels in surface waters. Generally

inorganic N sub(2) was high in the winter (0.4-0.5ppm) and low in summer (<0.1 ppm). However, in late July and Aug a large increase in N sub(2) (1.5 ppm) was recorded. This correlated with the Gloeotrichia echinulata J.E. Smith ex P. Richt, bloom (Cyanophyceae) and the increase in N sub(2) fixation, or nitrogenase activity (measured as acetylene reduction). It was calculated that the cyanophyte bloom could have contributed a minimum of 2350 kg N sub(2) to the lake in Aug 1970 which is approximately 62% of the nitrate-N sub(2) occurring at any time.Notes: 1973.0046-5070Records keyed from 1973 ASFA printed journalsEnglishJournal ArticleAuthor Address: Dep. Bot., Univ. British Columbia Vancouver 8 Canada

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 85Author: Daft, M. J.; Stewart, W. D. P.Year: 1973Title: Light and Electron Microscope Observations on Algal Lysis by Bacterium CP-IJournal: New PhytologistVolume: 72Issue: 4Pages: 799-808Date: Jul.Abstract: Bacterium CP-1 isolated from Scottish waters is an aerobic prokaryote with a high guanine:cytosine ratio (68%), which causes lysis of a variety of blue-green algae. When suspensions of algae and bacteria are mixed the bacteria can be seen to glide towards the algae where they become attached end-on round the algal cells. There is evidence that the bacteria produce substances at the point of contact with the algae which are necessary for algal lysis to occur. Lysis of vegetative cells may occur within 30 minutes of the bacteria becoming attached. Heterocysts do not lyse in this way although their intracellular contents may eventually degenerate. When vegetative cells rupture, the protoplasmic contents, including gas vacuoles when present, are released and empty-looking 'ghosts' which retain the original cell shape may remain for a time although these too eventually break down. There is some evidence that the mode of filament lysis may be random, intercalary or terminal. At the ultrastructural level the initial effect of CP-1 is to cause lysis of the L$_2$ layer of the algal cell wall and this effect is similar to that obtained using lysozyme. This is followed by rupture or disintegration of the other cell wall layers, and

'scroll'-like structures, either of coiled up cell wall material (Microcystis) or of the plasmalemma (Nostoc) may be found scattered throughout the preparations of lysed cells. In fully lysed cells there is a loss of polyphosphate bodies, structured granules, gas vacuoles, and most other cellular inclusions. Released gas vesicles can be collected from the surface of the solution of lysed cells, and there is evidence that these vesicles may fracture easily near the conical ends. In fully lysed cells, the thylakoid membranes remain, often with wide lumens between. This thylakoidal system is contorted and branched, ramifies through the cell and shows constrictions of the membrane system at intervals. Continuity between the plasmalemma and the thylakoidal system can be seen clearly. Lipid droplets which are resistant to CP-1 treatment are found in the lumen of the thylakoidal system. Heterocysts are not as markedly affected by CP-1 as are vegetative cells, but eventually heterocyst disorganization also occurs. The use of CP-1 provides a technique for preparing material for the study of algal membranes and gas vesicles.Notes: FLA0028646xCambridge University PresslatexCopyright 1973 New Phytologist TrustURL: http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0028-646X%28197307%2972%3A4%3C799%3ALAEMOO%3E2.0.CO%3B2-C

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 273Author: Tiwari, G. L.Year: 1972Title: A study of the blue-green algae from paddy field soils of IndiaJournal: HydrobiologiaVolume: 39Issue: 3Pages: 335-350Accession Number: 5503853Keywords: FreshwaterQ2 02101 General worksAbstract: The blue-green algal flora was screened in Nov 1964 at 9 sites in the following states; Madhya, Pradesh, Maharashtra, Mysore and Madras. 132 forms were recorded, including the following which are new: Aphanocapsa stagnina (SprEng.) A.Braun f.n., Oscillatoria okeni Ag.ex Gomont f.n., O.proboscidea Gomont f.n., Phormidium mucosum var arvense Rao f.n., Lyngbya spiralis Geitler f.crassivaginata f.n., L.spirulinoides Gomont f.crassa f.n., Microcoleus vaginatus (Vaucher) Gomont f.n., Cylindrospermum majus Kuetz.ex

Born.et Flah.f.n., C.licheniforme Kuetz.ex Born et Flah.f.n., Anabaena iyengarii var attenuata f.n., A.cylindrica var marchica Lemm.f.n., Scytonematopsis ghazipurensis Pandey et Mitra f.n., Gloeotrichia pilgeri Schmidle f.n., Hapalosiphon arboreus West et West f.n., Phormidium tenue (Menegh.) Gomont var minor var.n., Anabaena cylindrica Lemm.fertilissima var.n., Calothrix javanica De Wilde var fertilissima var.n., Chroococcidiopsis mysorensis sp.n., Anabaena indica sp.n., Hapalosiphon fertilissima sp.n., Symphyonemopsis katniensis gen.et sp.n. Each site yielded an average of 23.8 spp. Spp distribution is compared between material growing naturally and that obtained from soil samples cultured in the laboratory. 37% occurred naturally, 48.4% occurred only in culture and 13.6% were common to both. General spp distribution is discussed with reference to the work of previous authors. It is shown that heterocystous spp are more frequent than non-heterocystous spp under natural but not under culture conditions.Notes: 1972.0018-815824 refs. Records keyed from 1972 ASFA printed journals.EnglishJournal ArticleAuthor Address: Bot. Dep., Allahabad Univ., Allahabad 2, India

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 274Author: Singh, R. N.; Tiwari, D. N.; Singh, V. P.Year: 1972Title: Genetic basis of cellular differentiation in blue-green algaeJournal: Taxon. Biol. Blue-Green Algae, Pap. Int. Symp., 1stPages: 27-37Accession Number: AN 1975:440088Keywords: Algae (blue-green, differentiation by, nitrogen source effect on)bluegreen alga differentiation nitrogenAbstract: Differentiation of heterocysts, hormongonia, and spores in blue-green algae is genetically controlled. However, their phenotypic expression is dependent on growth conditions. Heterocyst differentiation is suppressed in the presence of combined sources of N, i.e., nitrate and ammonium but it is induced in the presence of N gas. There is heterocyst differentiation in the very 1st division during spore germination in Nostoc linckia, in a N-free medium. But, differentiation of heterocyst is suppressed in the presence of nitrate and ammonium to the extent of the function of their concn. Heterocyst frequency increases 3-4-fold in blended cultures grown in N-free medium, whereas it decreases in the presence of nitrate and ammonium. Only a few colonies show delayed heterocyst differentiation in N-free medium

after uv irradn. of N. linckia and Anabaena variabilis. Mutants with high frequency of heterocysts were also isolated after uv irradn. Incorporation of acriflavin in agar medium free of combined N temporarily inhibited heterocyst differentiation in a mutant of A. variabilis. Frequent heterocyst germination ?83% was obtained in a nonsporulating clone of Gloeotrichia ghosei, in presence of ammoniacal N and 24% in a mutant of N. linckia, in N-free medium. Nitrate enhances early and synchronous sporulation whereas ammonium delays and reduces the frequency of spores as compared to N-free medium, in N. linckia. The acriflavine-resistant mutant of A. variabilis lacks hormogone prodn. and nonsporulating as well as hormogone-producing mutants of N. linckia have been isolated after uv irradn., showing chains of heterocysts. [on SciFinder (R)]Notes: CAN 83:4008810-4Microbial BiochemistryDep. Bot.,Banaras Hindu Univ.,Banaras,India.Conferencewritten in English.7727-37-9 Role: BIOL (Biological study) (blue-green alga differentiation in response to source of)

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 82Author: Moss, BrianYear: 1972Title: The Influence of Environmental Factors on the Distribution of Freshwater Algae: An Experimental Study: I. Introduction and the Influence of Calcium ConcentrationJournal: The Journal of EcologyVolume: 60Issue: 3Pages: 917-932Date: Nov.Abstract: Introducing a series of papers examining the reasons for the distribution of freshwater algae in eutrophic and oligotrophic water, this paper outlines the natural distribution of some of thirty-three species studied experimentally. Two groups of species are objectively delineated, one (oligotrophic) whose members are restricted to waters with not more than 1.5 m-equiv./1 weak acid salts (bicarbonate), the other (eutrophic) with members present in waters with 0-4 or more m-equiv./1 weak acid salts. The ratio of monovalent to divalent cations did not affect growth of five test species. High calcium levels (100 mg/1) did not reduce growth of oligotrophic desmids, and 1.0 mg $Ca^{++}$/1 was adequate for maximum growth of sixteen species

tested. Two oligotrophic desmids required at least 1-3 mg $Ca^{++}$/1 for maximum growth. No evidence was found for the contention that oligotrophic desmids are calciphobic.Notes: FLA00220477Blackwell Scientific PublicationslatexCopyright 1972 British Ecological SocietyURL: http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0022-0477%28197211%2960%3A3%3C917%3ATIOEFO%3E2.0.CO%3B2-1

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 32Author: Kehde, Peter M.; Wilhm, Jerry L.Year: 1972Title: The Effects of Grazing by Snails on Community Structure of Periphyton in Laboratory StreamsJournal: American Midland NaturalistVolume: 87Issue: 1Pages: 8-24Date: Jan.Abstract: The effects of grazing by snails on community structure of periphyton were studied in laboratory streams. The levels of grazing studied caused slight reduction in standing crop, significant increase in chlorophyll a concentration, reduction in pigment diversity and no effect on species diversity. Grazing did not affect instantaneous rates of accumulation of oven-dry weight, ash-free weight, or ash-free percentage of oven-dry weight. Pigment diversity and species diversity were positively correlated. Oven-dry weight per unit chlorophyll a was reduced by grazing, but ash-free weight per unit chlorophyll a was not affected. Grazing had no effect on the percentage of chlorophyll a in ash-free weight.Notes: FLA00030031University of Notre DameCopyright 1972 The University of Notre DameURL: http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0003-0031%28197201%2987%3A1%3C8%3ATEOGBS%3E2.0.CO%3B2-L

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 7Author: Confer, John L.Year: 1972

Title: Interrelations among Plankton, Attached Algae, and the Phosphorus Cycle in Artificial Open SystemsJournal: Ecological MonographsVolume: 42Issue: 1Pages: 1-23Date: WinterAbstract: The circulation of phosphorus in 200-liter aquaria, continuously supplied with tap water, was analyzed by means of analytical and tracer methods. This open-system design ultimately resulted in a steady-state system whereby the influx of phosphorus to various biological compartments was equaled by a corresponding outflow. This model of phosphorus circulation is believed to apply to small lakes with extensive littoral vegetation during summer stratification, but contrasts with models proposed from other tracer studies on such lakes. The other models are considered to be feasible, but unlikely and based on incorrect analyses of data. Previous estimates of the rate of phosphorus circulation based on tracer analyses are reanalyzed and appear to be of the correct magnitude. The 200-liter system developed two communities of attached and planktonic organisms, with the former rapidly removing a large percentage of the phosphorus from the latter. With this removal any direct relationship between the phosphorus concentration of the open water and the influx concentration was obscured. A major means by which phosphorus was removed from the open water was shown to be trapping of particles by the community associated with the sides of the aquaria. The rate of such removal varied widely, depending on the extent of @'littoral@' growth and the nature of the particle. These results suggest that a multicompartment analysis of nutrient circulation is significantly more realistic than a simplistic assumption of homogeneity. Considering succession to be the total change in physical and biological conditions over prolonged time, this open-system design developed from a one-community, few-species system into a two-community, several-species system. The rate of nutrient circulation greatly increased with time and developed into a steady state, not an equilibrium system which depended on a continual phosphorus influx to maintain the concentrations and circulation rates.Notes: FLA00129615The Duke University PressENCopyright 1972 The Ecological Society of AmericaURL: http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0012-9615%28197224%2942%3A1%3C1%3AIAPAAA%3E2.0.CO%3B2-Q

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 275Author: Ahmad, M. R.Year: 1972Title: Algae of Allen Forest Lake, Kanpur, India. I. CyanophyceaeJournal: Nova hedwigia. LehreVolume: 23Issue: 1Pages: 125-129Alternate Journal: Nova HedwigiaAccession Number: 5196205Keywords: FreshwaterQ1 01383 Biogeography and biogeographic regionsAbstract: 34 species of Cyanophyceae collected during 1963-1965 from Allen Forest lake, Kanpur, India are described. The following general of Cyanophyceae were represented (the numbers in parenthesis indicate the number of species of each genus). Gloeothece (1), Aphanothece (2), Coelopshaerium (2), Gomphosphaeria (1), Merismopedia (2), Stichosiphon (1), Oscillatoria (9), Phormidium (4), Lyngbya (3), Cylindrospermum (1), Nostoc (1), Anabaena (1), Aulosira (1), Tolypothrix (1), Microchaete (1), Calothrix (2), Gloeotrichia (1).Notes: 1972.0029-5035Records keyed from 1973 ASFA printed journalsEnglishJournal ArticleAuthor Address: Algol. Lab., Natl. Bot. Gardens Lucknow India

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 8Author: Stewart, W. D. P.; Mague, T.; Fitzgerald, G. P.; Burris, R. H.Year: 1971Title: Nitrogenase Activity in Wisconsin Lakes of Differing Degrees of EutrophicationJournal: New PhytologistVolume: 70Issue: 3Pages: 497-509Date: MayAbstract: Nitrogen fixation in various Wisconsin lakes was compared using the C$_2$H$_2$ reduction technique. Rates of C$_2$H$_2$ reduction were unaffected by N$_2$ when sufficient C$_2$H$_2$ was added to the gas phase. Thus in field studies the natural gas phase need not be removed before the addition of C$_2$H$_2$. C$_2$H$_2$ was reduced rapidly in eutrophic waters (Little Arbor Vitae Lake, Lake Mendota and southern Green Bay) but more slowly in oligotrophic

waters (Crystal Lake, Trout Lake, Lake Mary and northern Green Bay). C$_2$H$_2$ reduction was greatest in the surface waters, was largely light-dependent and showed a marked diurnal variation. There was also significant variation with area and with time, and in general acetylene reduction was detected only when heterocystous algae were present. The rate of nitrogen fixation in Lake Mendota, calculated on the basis of weekly measurements taken during most of the ice-free season, was approximately 2.4 kg/ha/year.Notes: FLA0028646xCambridge University PresslatexCopyright 1971 New Phytologist TrustURL: http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0028-646X%28197105%2970%3A3%3C497%3ANAIWLO%3E2.0.CO%3B2-%23

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 276Author: Spodniewska, I.Year: 1971Title: The influence of experimental increase of biomass of the blue-green algae Gloeotrichia echinulata (Smith) Richter on phytoplankton productionJournal: Ekol. PolVolume: 19Issue: 31Pages: 475-483Accession Number: 5506566Keywords: FreshwaterQ1 01461 PlanktonAbstract: Field experiments carried out in an eutrophic lake showed an increase of the phytoplankton production when phytoplankton biomass was experimentally increased in good light conditions by adding G. echinulata.Notes: 1971.4 refs. Records keyed from 1972 ASFA printed journals.EnglishJournal ArticleAuthor Address: Inst. Ekol. PAN, Dziekanow Lesny k. Warszawy, Poland

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 277Author: Lange, WillyYear: 1971

Title: Enhancement of algal growth in Cyanophyta-bacteria systems by carbonaceous compoundsJournal: Canadian Journal of MicrobiologyVolume: 17Issue: 3Pages: 303-14Accession Number: AN 1971:121800Keywords: Microcystis (aeruginosa, carbohydrate stimulation of growth of); Carbohydrates Role: BIOL (Biological study) (algae growth stimulation by); Algae (carbohydrate stimulation of growth of blue-green); Anabaena (circinalis, carbohydrate stimulation of growth of); Gloeotrichia (echinulata, carbohydrate stimulation of growth of); Phormidium (foveolarum, carbohydrate stimulation of growth of); Nostoc (muscorum, carbohydrate stimulation of growth of); Anacystis (nidulans, carbohydrate stimulation of growth of)algal growth carbon compdsAbstract: Carbonaceous additives such as glucose, sucrose, potato starch, and glycolic acid generally have a stimulating effect on the growth of bacteria-assocd. blue-green algae such as Anabaena circinalis, Gloeotrichia echinulata, Phormidium foveolarum, and Anacystis nidulans when atmospheric carbon dioxide (0.3 mg/l.) was the limiting factor; this growth enhancement was manifested by increased cell no. and the greater chemical oxygen demand. Similar enhancement was obsd. when the atmosphere was enriched with 0.5 of the gas. With this augmented supply of atmospheric carbon dioxide, however, the enhancing effect of organic matter disappeared. The presence of the organic additives also appeared to delay bacterial assimilation of organic chelating agents which had been added to keep iron and essential trace elements accessible to the algae in an alkaline medium. Axenic cultures of Microcytsis aeruginosa and Nostoc muscorum which could use added carbonaceous compds. did not show any effect of the additive. Thus, bacteria-assimilable carbon compds. may be one of the factors leading to algal bloom in lakes and ponds, especially when growth is not limited by the supply of phosphorus or other inorganic elements. [on SciFinder (R)]Notes: CAN 74:1218008Microbial BiochemistryTanner's Counc. Lab.,Univ. Cincinnati,Cincinnati,OH,USA.Journal0008-4166written in English.124-38-9 Role: BIOL (Biological study) (algae growth stimulation by carbohydrate in presence of)

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 13Author: Granhall, Ulf; Lundgren, AlfYear: 1971Title: Nitrogen Fixation in Lake ErkenJournal: Limnology and OceanographyVolume: 16Issue: 5Pages: 711-719Date: Sep.Abstract: In situ fixation of molecular nitrogen was measured in 1970 in hte pelagial of Lake Erken by the acetylene reduction technique every 2 weeks during a period of 5 months. The diurnal cycles and vertical distribution of algae were also investigated. Fixation was correlated with the presence of heterocystous blue-green algae, especially Aphanizomenon, in the phytoplankton, and was light dependent, though appreciable dark fixation also occurred, owing to endogenous utilization of photosynthetic products formed during previous light periods. The annual contribution of nitrogen fixation in the pelagial was of the order $0.5 g N/m^2$. The highest values were obtained before mass development of Aphanizomenon and maximal primary production. The algae showed highest nitrogenase activity in the first period of algal development. Lake Erken is moderately eutrophic and unpolluted. The contribution of easily available combined nitrogen by pelagic nitrogen fixation increases the annual loading of combined nitrogen by 40% and must therefore be considered quite important.Notes: FLA00243590American Society of Limnology and OceanographylatexCopyright 1971 American Society of Limnology and OceanographyURL: http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0024-3590%28197109%2916%3A5%3C711%3ANFILE%3E2.0.CO%3B2-I

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 81Author: Allen, Harold L.Year: 1971Title: Primary Productivity, Chemo-organotrophy, and Nutritional Interactions of Epiphytic Algae and Bacteria on Macrophytes in the Littoral of a LakeJournal: Ecological MonographsVolume: 41Issue: 2

Pages: 97-127Date: SpringAbstract: Epiphytic algal and bacterial in situ community metabolism and physiological-nutritional relationships of macrophyte-epiphyte systems were investigated in the littoral zone of a small temperate lake from April 1968 through May 1969. Annual primary productivity, chemo-organotrophy of dissolved organic compounds, and field and laboratory studies of macrophyte-epiphyte interactions were monitored by carbon-14 techniques. Productivity measurements of epiphytic algae on artificial substrates colonized in emergent (Scirpus acutus Muhl.) and submergent (Najas flexilis L. and Chara spp.) macrophytic vegetation sites were compared over an annual period with pigment (corrected chlorophyll a and total plant carotenoids) estimates of biomass. Changes in biomass are not proportional to changes in photosynthetic activity, except during periods of intense productivity. The mean daily productivity of epiphytic algae was higher per unit macrophyte surface area of emergent plants (336 mg C m^-^2 day^-^1) than on submerged plants (258 mg C m^-^2 day^-^1). Mean daily productivity per unit area of the littoral zone, for all of the macrophytic surface area colonized, was 195 and 1,807 mg C m^-^2 day^-^1 in the Scirpus and Najas-Chara dominated sites, respectively. The total annual production by algal epiphytes in the Scirpus and Najas-Chara dominated sites was 2.86 and 35.00 g C m^-^2 of lake surface year^-^1, respectively. Estimates of annual net production of macrophytes and epipelic algae, derived from studies undertaken during the same time period as reported in this study, indicate that epiphytic algae were responsible for 31.3% of the total littoral production. The epiphytic algae were responsible for 21.4% of the total annual production for the whole lake when the production of the pelagial phytoplankton was added to that of the littoral communities. In comparison to the pelagial phytoplankton alone, the algal epiphytes fixed an amount of carbon equivalent to 75% of the phytoplankton production over the annual period. These results indicate that algal epiphytes on submerged macrophytes may be one of the dominant primary producers in shallow-water ecosystems and may be comparable to the phytoplankton. Deposition of ^1^4C-monocarbonates during in situ productivity measurements represented 38.5-71.7% of the total intracellular fixed carbon. Acidification of ^1^4C-productivity samples by rinsing with dilute hydrochloric acid (0.001 N) removed 24% of previously incorporated carbon and is not recommended as a routine procedure. Physiological interactions in macrophyte-epiphyte systems were investigated by bioassay procedure. Inorganic iron added at less than 10 @mg liter ^-^1, and at 100 @mg liter^-^1 in combination with organic compounds of chelatory or complexing ability, stimulated photosynthesis of epiphytic algae. Bioassay experiments in which vitamins, trace metals, and

inorganic phosphorus were added to algal photosynthesis. Chlorophyll a, corrected for pheopigment degradation products, and total plant carotenoid levels are among the highest standing crops reported in the literature (annual maximum of chlorophyll a = 7.3 g m^-^2; plant carotenoids = 40.7 SPU m^-^2). Maximum concentrations were found during winter under ice cover. Epiphytic bacterial chemo-organotrophy with glucose and acetate substrates was measured at concentrations of 11-160 @mg liter^-^1 and evaluated through Michaelis-Menten enzyme kinetic analysis. First-order active transport kinetics dominated throughout the annual period. Uptake of acetate (submerged plant site, mean rate = 893 @mg liter^-^1 hr^-^1 dm^-^2; emergent plant site, 106 @mg liter^-^1 hr^-^1 dm^-^2) was greater than that of glucose (submerged plant site, 586 @mg liter^-^1 hr^-^1 dm^-^2; emergent plant site, 54 @mg liter^-^1 hr^-^1 dm^-^2). Scirpus acutus was labeled in situ during photosynthesis with natural concentrations of carbon dioxide (as ^1^4C). Epiphytic uptake of ^1^4C-labeled, extracellular products of macrophytic origin was determined. Extracellular release of ^1^4C-labeled organic ma ter was followed at various depths in the littoral water column. The nature of the extracellular release and the amount of ^1^4C fixed by the macrophyte and transferred into the epiphytic complex suggests nutritional interactions that may be prevalent in other macrophyte-epiphyte systems. Najas flexilis, germinated and grown under axenic conditions in a defined medium, was labeled during photosynthesis and placed into the center section of Plexiglas chambers separated by membrane filters free of organic carbon contamination. Over a 3.75-hr incubation interval, a mean of 7% of the total intracellularly fixed carbon was excreted as ^1^4C-labeled dissolved organic carbon. Cultured algal and bacterial epiphytes, separately and mixed in simulated natural communities, were able to utilize these extracellular products when placed into chamber sections adjoining the labeled Najas. The amount of extracellular products utilized by the mixed algal and bacterial communities changed with time, depending on the composition of the epiphytic community. The results suggest interspecific interactions where competition for specific external metabolites or organic solutes may have existed, or where toxic extracellular products may have accumulated. Laboratory uptake of low concentrations of glucose and acetate-^1^4C at 5@?, 11@? to 12@?, and 21@? to 23@? C by separate and mixed cultures of algal and bacterial epiphytes showed that uptake was strongly influenced by temperature, except at low temperatures where transport and diffusion mechanisms seemed to be inactivated. A sessile bacterium, Caulobacter, however, showed a highly efficient uptake system for both substrates under cold conditions. Uptake of both substrates by mixed cultures of algae and bacteria showed that bacterial uptake of both substrates by mixed cultures of algae and bacteria showed that

bacterial uptake was little influenced at low substrate concentrations by the presence of algae. Epiphytic algal uptake following kinetics of simple diffusion was, however, increased in the presence of bacteria, suggesting uptake of ^1^4CO"2 previously respired by the bacteria. Macrophyte-epiphyte metabolism may be an important source of dissolved organic materials and extracellular metabolites and thus may help to sustain high levels of primary productivity and chemo-organotrophy in lakes.Notes: FLA00129615The Duke University PressENCopyright 1971 The Ecological Society of AmericaURL: http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0012-9615%28197121%2941%3A2%3C97%3APPCANI%3E2.0.CO%3B2-5

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 42Author: Watts, W. A.Year: 1970Title: The Full-Glacial Vegetation of Northwestern GeorgiaJournal: EcologyVolume: 51Issue: 1Pages: 17-33Date: Jan.Abstract: Two small ponds in Bartow County, Georgia, northwest of Atlanta, originated by subsidence of unconsolidated surface deposits into solution hollows in the underlying lower Paleozoic Knox Dolomite. The pond sediments consist of copropelic clays 250-400 cm thick with well-preserved plant remains, covered by as much as 150 cm of colluvial deposits with moderately to poorly preserved plant fossils. The clays yield radiocarbon dates of 20,100 and 22,900 BP near their base, contemporaneous with the main Wisconsin glaciation. The full-glacial sediments are rich in pollen and plant macrofossils. The pollen assemblage is dominated by Pinus (pine), with small amounts of Picea (spruce), Quercus (oak), Ostrya type (hophornbeam), and herbaceous types. It closely resembles published full-glacial pollen assemblages from southeastern North Carolina. Pinus banksiana (jack-pine) and Picea sp. are represented by fossil needles at many levels, and the rich macroflora of aquatics shows a marked phytogeographical relationship with the modern flora of northern New England. A floristic displacement of about 1,100 km would be needed to account for the presence of this flora in Georgia. Deciduous trees, primarily Quercus and Ostrya type, may have had a minor role in the full-glacial

vegetation. In the postglacial an early Quercus-dominated phase is followed by a Pinus-dominated phase, which lasts to the present. Familiar southern tree genera such as Liquidambar (sweet gum) and Nyssa (black gum) appear to have migrated into the region in postglacial time. Species that occur primarily on the Coastal Plain but have disjunct occurrences at the two ponds and farther into the central United States, such as Itea virginica (Virginia willow) and Psilocarya nitens (sedge), first appear in the fossil record in the postglacial. It is supposed that they and perhaps other @'Coastal Plain disjuncts@' migrated into their present localities during the postglacial.Notes: FLA00129658Duke University PressENCopyright 1970 The Ecological Society of AmericaURL: http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0012-9658%28197001%2951%3A1%3C17%3ATFVONG%3E2.0.CO%3B2-X

Reference Type: PatentRecord Number: 278Author: Sheers, Edward H.Year: 1970Title: trans-3,5-Dihydroxystilbene as algicideCountry: Application: DEDEAssignee: (Arizona Chemical Co.).Pages: 10 ppDate: 19691017.Number: 69-19524511952451Accession Number: AN 1970:424312Keywords: Anacystis (aeruginosa, control by dihydroxystilbene); Ankistrodesmus (arcuatus, control by dihydroxystilbene); Algicides (dihydroxystilbene); Gloeotrichia (echinulata, control by dihydroxystilbene); Chlamydomonas (gigantea, control by dihydroxystilbene); Melosira (varians, control by dihydroxystilbene)dihydroxystilbene algicidal; algicidal dihydroxystilbene; stilbene algicidesAbstract: The title compd. was active in concns. of 1:1000 and 1:1,000,000 against Ankistrodesmus arcuatus, Chlamydomonas gigantea, Melosira varians, Anacystis aeruginosa, and Gloeotrichia echinulata. In a concn. of 1:1000, Ankistrodesmus and Anacystis were completely removed within 3 days and Gloeotrichia within 4 days. After 1 week, Melosira was decreased to 3% and Chlamydomonas to 20%. [on SciFinder (R)]

Notes: CAN 73:2431219PesticidesPatentwritten in German.1970043022139-77-1 Role: BIOL (Biological study) (algicides)

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 11Author: Rusness, Donald; Burris, R. H.Year: 1970Title: Acetylene Reduction (Nitrogen Fixation) in Wisconsin LakesJournal: Limnology and OceanographyVolume: 15Issue: 5Pages: 808-813Date: Sep.Abstract: Acetylene reduction has been used as an index of the nitrogen-fixing capacity of the phytoplankton of representative oligotrophic and eutrophic lakes in Wisconsin. Acetylene reduction was not measurable in samples from oligotrophic Crystal Lake but was vigorous in samples from eutrophicated lakes. The activity during the season fluctuated widely with the development of blooms of nitrogen-fixing blue-green algae; no activity was demonstrated during winter months. Activity and population generally decreased with depth. Acetylene reduction was low in early morning, rose to a peak at noon, and then declined.Notes: FLA00243590American Society of Limnology and OceanographyCopyright 1970 American Society of Limnology and OceanographyURL: http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0024-3590%28197009%2915%3A5%3C808%3AAR%28FIW%3E2.0.CO%3B2-4

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 1Author: Roelofs, T. D.; Oglesby, R. T.Year: 1970Title: Ecological Observations on the Planktonic Cyanophyte Gleotrichia echinulataJournal: Limnology and OceanographyVolume: 15

Issue: 2Pages: 224-229Date: Mar.Abstract: Gleotrichia echinulata was planktonic in Green Lake (Seattle, Washington) during summer, making its initial appearance between May and early July and disappearing during September. It apparently spent 8 to 10 months of the year on the bottom where colonies developed from spores deposited by the preceding year's bloom. The depth of spore deposition may be important in determining the success of spore maturation, and solar radiation may be a primary factor in inducing the annual return of this alga to the plankton. The maximum growth rate in 1966 was about 0.124 colony doublings per day. The vertical distribution of the colonies was controlled primarily by wind-induced currents. The colonies had no measurable effect on light penetration even at a maximum density of over 400 colonies per liter. Laboratory studies indicated that G. echinulata can fix nitrogen. Only one herbivore in Green Lake, Lindia euchromatica, is known to feed on this species.Notes: FLA00243590American Society of Limnology and OceanographyCopyright 1970 American Society of Limnology and OceanographyURL: http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0024-3590%28197003%2915%3A2%3C224%3AEOOTPC%3E2.0.CO%3B2-K

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 279Author: Lange, WillyYear: 1970Title: Blue-green algae and humic substancesJournal: Proc., Conf. Gt. Lakes Res., 13thVolume: 1Pages: 58-70Accession Number: AN 1972:458578Keywords: Fulvic acids Role: BIOL (Biological study) (blue-green algae stimulation by); Humus and Humic substances Role: BIOL (Biological study) (blue-green algae stimulation by, of lakes); Algae (blue-green, humic substances stimulation of, of lakes); Anabaena circinalis; Gloeotrichia echinulata; Microcystis aeruginosa; Nostoc muscorum (fulvic acid stimulation of); Waters (lake, blue-green algae of, humic substances stimulation of)blue green alga growth humusAbstract: The presence of humic substances in our lakes may be one of the more important factors which lead to the growth of blue-green algae. Fulvic acid significantly stimulated the growth of unialgal,

bacteria-assocd. Cyanophyta in Zehnder and Gorham's medium No. 11. The conventional chelating agents, EDTA + citrate, had been replaced with fulvic acid. This natural chelator increased the no. of Anabaena circinalis, Gloeotrichia echinulata, Microcystis aeruginosa, and Nostoc muscorum by a factor of two to nine. The stimulating effect was apparently due to favorable chelation of Fe by fulvic acid and slow disappearance of fulvic acid from the growth medium. [on SciFinder (R)]Notes: CAN 77:5857810-2Microbial BiochemistryTanner's Counc. Lab.,Univ. Cincinnati,Cincinnati,OH,USA.Conferencewritten in English.

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 280Author: Gorbunova, N. P.; Zuong Dyk, TienYear: 1970Title: Effect of the concentration of nitrogen in the medium on the formation of heterocysts in some bluegreen algaeJournal: Biologicheskie Nauki (Moscow)Issue: 3Pages: 86-90Accession Number: AN 1970:495690Keywords: Anabaena (cylindrica and hallensis and variabilis, heterocyst formation by, nitrogen source effect on); Gloeotrichia; Nostoc (heterocyst formation by, nitrogen source effect on)nitrogen algae growth; algae growth nitrogen; growth algae nitrogenAbstract: Hormogonia of some species of blue-green algae (Anabaena hallensis, A. cylindrica, A. variabilis, Nostoc muscorum, a Nostoc species, and a Gloeotrichia species) were grown in media contg. N in NO3- and NH4+ forms. The N content in the NO3- form decreased more than the N content in the NH4+ form, when the first heterocysts were formed. The greatest no. of heterocysts was formed in the presence of N in NO3- form. Org. sources of N, esp. urea, inhibited development of heterocysts. [on SciFinder (R)]Notes: CAN 73:956908Microbial BiochemistryMosk. Gos. Univ. im. Lomonosova,Moscow,USSR.Journal0470-4606written in Russian.7727-37-9 Role: BPR (Biological process), BSU (Biological study,

unclassified), BIOL (Biological study), PROC (Process) (metabolism of, by algae, heterocyst formation in relation to)

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 80Author: Walsby, A. E.Year: 1969Title: The Permeability of Blue-Green Algal Gas-Vacuole Membranes to GasJournal: Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological SciencesVolume: 173Issue: 1031Pages: 235-255Date: May 20Abstract: The observation that gas-vacuoles of blue-green algae do not disappear under vacuum has given rise to the belief that they are gas-tight structures. In this paper the following evidence is presented for the gas-vacuole membrane being freely permeable to gases. (1) In an attempt to identify the vacuole gas by mass spectrometry it was found that, after thorough evacuation, little or no gas could be obtained from the gas-vacuoles. (2) Using an ultrasonic method of destroying gas-vacuoles in conjunction with a mano-metric method of measuring the amount of gas released, it was demonstrated that the pressure of the vacuole gas was usually at about one atmosphere, but that it fell if the pressure over the algal suspension was decreased. (3) Modifications were made to a Warburg apparatus which enabled the gas exchange capacity of a liquid to be measured, and the apparatus was used to show that, when the pressure over an algal suspension was raised and lowered, gas passed in and out of the gas-vacuoles. The amount of gas they exchanged was directly proportional to the pressure change, and this provided a new means of estimating gas-vacuole volume. The gas-vacuole membranes appeared to be very permeable to nitrogen, oxygen and argon. (4) If the gas pressure over an algal suspension is raised suddenly by about 2 atmospheres, the gas-vacuoles collapse. But if the pressure of the gas is raised slowly, it dissolves in the suspending medium and diffuses into the gas-vacuoles, preventing the differential pressure required to deflate them from being established across the membrane. These findings make it necessary to reconsider both the functions gas-vacuoles could fulfil and the way in which they might form. They must be rigid structures and it is proposed that they may be self-erecting. Mechanisms preventing the accumulation of water in the gas-vacuole are discussed.Notes: FLA00804649

The Royal SocietyCopyright 1969 The Royal SocietyURL: http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0080-4649%2819690520%29173%3A1031%3C235%3ATPOBAG%3E2.0.CO%3B2-5

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 16Author: Stewart, W. D. P.Year: 1969Title: Biological and Ecological Aspects of Nitrogen Fixation by Free-Living Micro-OrganismsJournal: Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological SciencesVolume: 172Issue: 1029, A Discussion on Nitrogen FixationPages: 367-388Date: Apr. 1Notes: FLAA Discussion on Nitrogen Fixation00804649The Royal SocietyCopyright 1969 The Royal SocietyURL: http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0080-4649%2819690401%29172%3A1029%3C367%3ABAEAON%3E2.0.CO%3B2-Y

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 281Author: Stephens, Grover C.; Vaidya, B. S.; Saxena, O. P.Year: 1969Title: Uptake of glycine by blue-green algaeJournal: Indian Journal of Experimental BiologyVolume: 7Issue: 1Pages: 43-4Accession Number: AN 1969:75129Keywords: Microcystis (aeruginosa, glycine metabolism by); Oscillatoria (fasorvensis, glycine metabolism by); Algae (glycine metabolism by blue-green); Gloeotrichia (pisum, glycine metabolism by)glycine metab algae; algae glycine metab; metab glycine algaeAbstract: Uptake of glycine-14C was measured in 3 species of blue-green algae, viz., Oscillatoria fasorvensis, Gloeotrichia pisum, and

Microcystis aeruginosa. Radioactivity in breis of Oscillatoria increased with increasing time of incubation in glycine-14C soln. (100 mCi./liter distd. water). The rate of uptake increased with the increasing ambient glycine-14C concn., the max. velocity of uptake being 4 * 10-7 moles/g. tissue/hr. The radioactivity lost from the medium is measured quant. as 14CO2 and as much as 15% of radioactivity is lost from glycine-14C at 9 * 10-7 moles/liter. The results indicate positive absorption and assimilation of glycine by blue-green algae as compared to the green alga, Spirogyra. [on SciFinder (R)]Notes: CAN 70:751297Plant BiochemistryUniv. of California,Irvine,CA,USA.Journal0019-5189written in English.56-40-6 Role: BPR (Biological process), BSU (Biological study, unclassified), BIOL (Biological study), PROC (Process) (metabolism of, by algae)

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 23Author: Ogawa, Roann E.; Carr, John F.Year: 1969Title: The Influence of Nitrogen on Heterocyst Production in Blue-Green AlgaeJournal: Limnology and OceanographyVolume: 14Issue: 3Pages: 342-351Date: MayAbstract: A series of experiments on heterocyst production in Anabaena variabilis provides some strong indirect evidence for the role of heterocysts in nitrogen fixation. Of the algae tested (Anabaena variabilis, A inaequalis, A. cylindrica, A. flos-aquae, Tolypothrix distorta, Gloeotrichia echinulata, Aphanizomenon flos-aquae, Oscillatoria sp., and Microcystis aeruginosa), only those with heterocysts grew in a nitrate-free medium. Growth in the nitrate-free medium was accompanied by an increase in heterocysts. Heterocyst formation in A. variabilis was evident 24 hr after transfer from a nitrate-containing to a nitrate-free medium. The number of heterocysts was altered by changes in the nitrogen source. Numbers were lowest when $NH_4-N$ was used as a nitrogen source and highest when nitrogen $(N_2-N) was derived from the atmosphere. Heterocyst numbers could also be regulated by controlling the concentration of $NO_2-N$ in the medium.

Heterocyst production depended on the absence of combined nitrogen and the presence of phosphate. Data are presented on the occurrence of blue-green algae (with heterocysts) in Lake Erie and the environmental conditions apparently necessary for them to become dominant.Notes: FLA00243590American Society of Limnology and OceanographyLatexCopyright 1969 American Society of Limnology and OceanographyURL: http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0024-3590%28196905%2914%3A3%3C342%3ATIONOH%3E2.0.CO%3B2-R

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 282Author: Mikheyeva, T. M.; Kovalevskaya, R. Z.Year: 1969Title: The characteristics of a population of the planktonic blue-green alga Gloeotrichia echinulata (I. S. Smith) P. RichtJournal: Dokl. Akad. Nauk BSSRVolume: 13Issue: 12Pages: 1111-1113Original Publication: K kharakteristike populyatsii planktonnoy sine-zelenoy vodorosli Gloeotrichia echinulata (I. S. Smith) P. RichtAccession Number: 5521390Keywords: FreshwaterQ1 01461 Plankton; Q1 01221 GeneralAbstract: The degree of participation of the planktonic blue-green alga Gl. echinulata in the synthesis of organic compds in water reservoirs has been evaluated. The biomass of Gloeotrichia, its photosynthetic activity, chlorophyll content, assimilation number, calorie content and wet and dry weights were determined. The results show that the productivity of Gl. echinulata is significantly lower than that of the smaller lake plankters. Nevertheless, at the high biomass which might be formed by Gloeotrichia in the reservoirs its role becomes significant.Notes: 1969.11 refs. Records keyed from 1971 ASFA printed journals.RussianJournal ArticleAuthor Address: Byelorussian State Univ. Vtinsk USSR

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 283

Author: Granetti, B.Year: 1969Title: Gloeotrichia pisum Thuret in Lake TrasimenoJournal: Riv. IdrobiolVolume: 8Issue: 1/2Pages: 3-15Original Publication: La Gloeotrichia pisum Thuret nel Lago TrasimenoAccession Number: 5500382Keywords: FreshwaterQ1 01204 Reproduction and developmentAbstract: A vast G.pisum Thuret ex Born. et Flah. station which seems to have found excellent growth conditions in Lake Trasimeno has been recorded. The physical and chemical characteristics of the water drawn from an analysis carried out in the summer (highest growth period of the alga) are mentioned. Subsequently, the sp is described bringing out the biometric values of the heterocyst and spora and pointing out the deep morphologic alterations which the 1st vegetative cells, located behind the spora, undergo in the adult colonies. Finally, the annual growth cycle of the alga was described.Notes: 1969.0048-839924 refs. Records keyed from 1972 ASFA printed journals.ItalianJournal ArticleAuthor Address: Ist. Bot., Univ., Perugia, Italy

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 284Author: Gorbunova, N. P.; Zuong, Dyk TienYear: 1969Title: Effect of nitrogen nutrition on the development of some blue-green algaeJournal: Vestnik Moskovskogo Universiteta, Seriya 6: Biologiya, PochvovedenieVolume: 24Issue: 6Pages: 52-4Accession Number: AN 1970:108142Keywords: Anabaena (cylindrica and hallensis and variabilis, differentiation of, nitrogen nutrition in relation to); Gloeotrichia (differentiation of, nitrogen nutrition in relation to); Nostoc (muscorum, differentiation of, nitrogen nutrition in relation to)blue green algae nutrition; algae blue green nutrition; nitrogen use algae; nitrate use algae

Abstract: A study was made of the effect of different N sources in nutritive medium on the differentiation of the first heterocysts. In media with ammonium N the first heterocysts appeared later in comparison with media contg. nitrate. No differences were found in the effect of different forms of nitrate (K nO3,Mg(NO3)2,Ca(NO3)2) or ammonium ((NH4)2SO4) (I), (NH4)2H PO4 (II) (concn. 0-692.5 mg N/l.) on formation of heterocysts. I and II in concn. 27.7 Mg N/P. blocked the formation of heterocysts by Anabaena cylindrica and Nostoc species; for A. hallensis, A. variabilis, Gloeotrichia species, and N. muscorum, the development of heterocysts was observed after considerable delay. [on SciFinder (R)]Notes: CAN 72:1081428Microbial BiochemistryUSSR.Journal0579-9422written in Russian.

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 15Author: Fogg, G. E.Year: 1969Title: The Leeuwenhoek Lecture, 1968: The Physiology of an Algal NuisanceJournal: Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological SciencesVolume: 173Issue: 1031Pages: 175-189Date: May 20Notes: FLA00804649The Royal SocietyCopyright 1969 The Royal SocietyURL: http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0080-4649%2819690520%29173%3A1031%3C175%3ATLL1TP%3E2.0.CO%3B2-U

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 41Author: Burris, R. H.Year: 1969Title: Progress in the Biochemistry of Nitrogen Fixation

Journal: Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological SciencesVolume: 172Issue: 1029, A Discussion on Nitrogen FixationPages: 339-354Date: Apr. 1Notes: FLAA Discussion on Nitrogen Fixation00804649The Royal SocietyCopyright 1969 The Royal SocietyURL: http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0080-4649%2819690401%29172%3A1029%3C339%3APITBON%3E2.0.CO%3B2-M

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 285Author: Tun, ThanYear: 1968Title: Nitrogen fixation and photochemical reduction of elementary nitrogen by blue-green algaeJournal: Union of Burma Journal of Life SciencesVolume: 1Issue: 1Pages: 20-1Accession Number: AN 1969:65482Keywords: Nitrogen fixation (by algae); Nostoc (comminutum, nitrogen metabolism by); Algae (nitrogen metabolism by blue-green)nitrogen fixation algae; algae N fixation; Nostoc photochem redn N; Anabaena photochem redn NAbstract: N fixation and photochem. redn. of elemental N were investigated in 4 blue-green algae: Anabaena cylindrica, A. oscillarioides, Nostoc comminutum, Gloeotrichia natans. About 5-10 mg. dry wt. of algae were inoculated into 100 ml. of the culture medium of Fogg (1949) or that of Allen and Arnon (1955), and incubated for 20 days under continuous illumination of .apprx.400 footcandles at 20-22 Deg. Algal material was centrifuged and dried to const. wt. Total N was detd. by the micro-Kjeldahl technique of Chibnall, Rees, and Williams (1943). Reduced N was supplied as NH4Cl at 1 micromole/ml. of suspension. Results showed that A. cylindrica, A. oscillariodds, and N. comminutum fixed N and photochem. reduced elemental N, while G. natans did not. [on SciFinder (R)]Notes: CAN 70:654828Microbial Biochemistry

Arts Sci. Univ.,Mandalay,Burma.Journal0503-2377written in English.7727-37-9 Role: RCT (Reactant), RACT (Reactant or reagent) (redn. of, algae light-induced)

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 22Author: Howard, H. H.Year: 1968Title: Phytoplankton Studies of Adirondack Mountain LakesJournal: American Midland NaturalistVolume: 80Issue: 2Pages: 413-427Date: Oct.Abstract: The 203 taxa of plankton algae collected from six Adirondack Mountain lakes of New York are distributed in phyla as follows: Chlorophyta (127), Cyanophyta (45), Chrysophyta (20), Pyrrhophyta (7), Euglenophyta (4). Desmids (73 taxa) compose the largest group within the green algae. The number of taxa in the lakes varies from 87 to 44 and there is no correlation with any measured physical or chemical parameter. Dominants vary between lakes and the common species of dominants are Dinobryon bavaricum, Tabellaria fenestrata, Asterionella formosa, and Anabaena flos-aquae. Occurrence of dominant species in lakes may be influenced by water chemistry and underlying bedrock. A number of plankton species show a preference for one of the two bedrock types in which the lakes lie. Three species (Nephrocytium limneticum, Crucigenia rectangularis, Arthrodesmus phimus) show a high frequency of occurrence in the Adirondack lakes in comparison with other studied areas. Dominant taxa and other indicator species suggest that these lakes are in a mesotrophic stage of evolution.Notes: FLA00030031University of Notre DameCopyright 1968 The University of Notre DameURL: http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0003-0031%28196810%2980%3A2%3C413%3APSOAML%3E2.0.CO%3B2-0

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 79Author: Stewart, W. D. P.

Year: 1967Title: Nitrogen-Fixing PlantsJournal: ScienceVolume: 158Issue: 3807Pages: 1426-1432Date: Dec. 15Notes: FLA300368075American Association for the Advancement of ScienceCopyright 1967 American Association for the Advancement of ScienceURL: http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0036-8075%2819671215%293%3A158%3A3807%3C1426%3ANP%3E2.0.CO%3B2-4

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 5Author: Stewart, W. D. P.; Fitzgerald, G. P.; Burris, R. H.Year: 1967Title: In situ Studies on N$_{2}$ Fixation Using the Acetylene Reduction TechniqueJournal: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of AmericaVolume: 58Issue: 5Pages: 2071-2078Date: Nov. 15Keywords: BiochemistryNotes: FLA00278424National Academy of Sciences of the United States of AmericalatexCopyright 1967 National Academy of SciencesURL: http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0027-8424%2819671115%2958%3A5%3C2071%3AISSONF%3E2.0.CO%3B2-X

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 78Year: 1967Title: National Academy of Sciences: Abstracts of papers presented at the autumn meeting, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 23-25 October 1967Journal: Science

Volume: 158Issue: 3800Pages: 523-538Date: Oct. 27Notes: FLAReports300368075American Association for the Advancement of ScienceCopyright 1967 American Association for the Advancement of ScienceURL: http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0036-8075%2819671027%293%3A158%3A3800%3C523%3ANAOSAO%3E2.0.CO%3B2-7

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 286Author: Fitzgerald, George P.Year: 1966Title: Use of potassium permanganate for control of problem algaeJournal: Journal - American Water Works AssociationVolume: 58Issue: 5Pages: 609-14Accession Number: AN 1966:442256Keywords: Anabaena circinalis; Dictyosphaerium pulchellum; Gloeotrichia echinulata; Gomphonema; Hydrodictyon; Microcystis aeruginosa; Oscillatoria rubescens (control by K permanganate); Algae (potassium permanganate control of)Oscillatoria chalybia (control by K permanganate)Abstract: The toxicities of KMnO4 and CuSO4.5H2O were compared with respect to the concns. needed to prevent the growth of 8 algae species (Micro-cystis aeruginosa, Anabaena circinalis, Gloeotrichia echinulata, Oscillatoria rubescens, O. chalybia, Hydrodictyon reticulatum, Dictyosphaerium pulchellum, and the diatom genus Gomphonema) and the concnus. required to kill the algae with a 4-, 12-, 24-, 48-, or 72-hr. treatment. KMnO4 was about as effective against all 8 algae species after 4 hrs. of treatment as after 72. Contrastingly, tests of CuSO4.5H2O against the 2 Oscillatoria species and Hydrodictyon showed that changing the treatment time from 4 to 72 hrs. caused large differences in the concn. required to kill these algae. Despite the great variations in susceptibility to CuSO4.5H2O, ranging from 3 blue-green species killed with 0.1 ppm. CuSO4.5H2O to 2 filter-clogging species not killed by 8.0 ppm., treatment with 1-5 ppm. KMnO4 was sufficient to kill 7 of the 8 algae species. [on SciFinder (R)]

Notes: CAN 65:4225671Plant-Growth RegulatorsUniv. of Wisconsin,MadisonJournal0003-150Xwritten in English.7722-64-7 (Potassium permanganate) (algae control by)

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 40Author: Bushnell, John H., Jr.Year: 1966Title: Environmental Relations of Michigan Ectoprocta, and Dynamics of Natural Populations of Plumatella repensJournal: Ecological MonographsVolume: 36Issue: 2Pages: 95-123Date: SpringNotes: FLA00129615The Duke University PressENCopyright 1966 The Ecological Society of AmericaURL: http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0012-9615%28196621%2936%3A2%3C95%3AEROMEA%3E2.0.CO%3B2-I

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 77Author: Fogg, G. E.; Nalewajko, Czeslawa; Watt, W. D.Year: 1965Title: Extracellular Products of Phytoplankton PhotosynthesisJournal: Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological SciencesVolume: 162Issue: 989Pages: 517-534Date: Jul. 27Abstract: Following exposure in situ for periods of 3 to 24 h of samples of lake or sea waters to which $^{14}$C-bicarbonate had been added, radioactivity was found in dissolved organic matter in the water as well as in the cells of phytoplankton. The amount in the water was between 7 and 50% of the total carbon fixed in the photic zone of

the water column. This production of extracellular $^{14}$C-labelled organic matter was found under a wide variety of conditions and with many different types of phytoplankton community. It thus seems likely that the widely used method, in which fixation of $^{14}$C in particulate matter only is determined, under-estimates total primary productivity. The labelled organic substances in the water are probably liberated by intact photosynthesizing cells rather than by breakage of cells during filtration. Glycollic acid is likely to be one of the principal substances concerned. Over a wide range of light intensities liberation of extracellular products by a given phytoplankton population was proportional to the amount of carbon fixed in the cells, except that it tended to be relatively greater at low light intensities (< 1 kilolux) and at light intensities high enough to inhibit photosynthesis (> 50 kilolux), when as much as 95% of the total organic $^{14}$C might be extracellular. Population density, period of exposure to $^{14}$C-bicarbonate and species differences also affect the extent of excretion. The implications of extensive liberation by phytoplankton of extracellular products of photosynthesis for our understanding of the trophic relationships in aquatic habitats seem to be considerable.Notes: FLA00804649The Royal SocietylatexCopyright 1965 The Royal SocietyURL: http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0080-4649%2819650727%29162%3A989%3C517%3AEPOPP%3E2.0.CO%3B2-B

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 76Author: Bowen, C. C.; Jensen, T. E.Year: 1965Title: Blue-Green Algae: Fine Structure of the Gas VacuolesJournal: ScienceVolume: 147Issue: 3664Pages: 1460-1462Date: Mar. 19Abstract: The gas vacuoles seen in several species of blue-green algae under the light microscope are shown by electron microscopy to correspond to packed arrays of cylindrical, electron-transparent vesicles. Single vesicles average 75 millimicrons in diameter, range from 0.2 micron to 1.0 micron in length, have conical ends, and are bounded by a single membrane 2 millimicrons wide. The reversible disappearance of gas vacuoles induced by sudden application of

pressure is accompanied by a reversible collapse of the individual gas vesicles.Notes: FLAReports300368075American Association for the Advancement of ScienceCopyright 1965 American Association for the Advancement of ScienceURL: http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0036-8075%2819650319%293%3A147%3A3664%3C1460%3ABAFSOT%3E2.0.CO%3B2-6

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 75Author: Starr, Richard C.Year: 1964Title: The Culture Collection of Algae at Indiana UniversityJournal: American Journal of BotanyVolume: 51Issue: 9Pages: 1013-1044Date: Oct.Abstract: A list is presented of cultures of algae available for purposes of research and teaching. The list includes 753 Chlorophyta; 94 Chrysophyta; 56 Cyanophyta; 55 Euglenophyta; 7 Pyrrophyta; 6 Rhodophyta; 1 species of Phaeophyta; and 5 residual flagellates. Formulae of culture media and directions for maintaining the cultures are included, as are instructions for evoking the sexual process in species of Chlamydomonas, Astrephomene, Pandorina, Eudorina, Cosmarium, Closterium, Oedogonium, Bulbochaete, and Vaucheria.Notes: FLASpecial Papers00029122American Botanical SocietyCopyright 1964 Botanical Society of AmericaURL: http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0002-9122%28196410%2951%3A9%3C1013%3ATCCOAA%3E2.0.CO%3B2-V

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 31Author: Goering, John J.; Neess, John C.Year: 1964Title: Nitrogen Fixation in Two Wisconsin LakesJournal: Limnology and Oceanography

Volume: 9Issue: 4Pages: 530-539Date: Oct.Abstract: Rates of biological nitrogen fixation in two Wisconsin lakes are given. In Lake Wingra, fixation continues at moderate rates throughout much of the ice-free season. In Lake Mendota, the rate is normally zero throughout the ice-free season, but occasional, sometimes high, rates are observed. Auxiliary experiments on the effects of incubation time, added glucose, added combined nitrogen, light intensity, and temperature on nitrogen fixation in lake water are discussed. The effect of incubation time on the rate of fixation varies from time to time. Glucose had no consistent effect on nitrogen fixation in the dark, although stimulation was observed in some experiments. In the light, glucose appeared to inhibit fixation. The effects of added ammonia and nitrate were inconsistent. At times, various added concentrations, particularly of ammonia, increased rates of nitrogen fixation. Rates of nitrogen fixation varied with light intensity. The rate increased to a maximum at 3,750 lux, then declined as the intensity increased further. Rates of nitrogen fixation increased at a constant rate with temperature in the range 16-30C.Notes: FLA00243590American Society of Limnology and OceanographyCopyright 1964 American Society of Limnology and OceanographyURL: http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0024-3590%28196410%299%3A4%3C530%3ANFITWL%3E2.0.CO%3B2-W

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 287Author: Fitzgerald, George P.Year: 1964Title: The effect of algae on B.O.D. measurementsJournal: Journal - Water Pollution Control FederationVolume: 36Issue: 12Pages: 1524-42Accession Number: AN 1965:42634Keywords: Algae (biochem. O demand detn. and); Biochemical oxygen demand (detn. of, algae and)Abstract: A study is reported on measurement of B.O.D. on several species of algae alone and in assocn. with bacteria under 5 days of incubation in the dark and at a temp. of 20 Deg. The object was to det. if algae have an effect on B.O.D. measurements under standard conditions. The species studied were: Chlorella pyrenoidosa,

Microcystis aeruginosa, Scenedesmus dimorpha, Nostoc muscorum, and Gloeotrichia echinulata. Rate of growth of Chlorella in different media was followed. There appeared to be no difference in the activity of Chlorella in the B.O.D. test whether the original culture was bacteria-free or contaminated with sewage bacteria. B.O.D. of autoclaved or freeze-dried Chlorella was approx. 4-fold that of living cells. No consistent relation was obtained between the amt. of O used in the B.O.D. test and the no. of viable cells measured by diln. and plating of samples after 5 days of incubation. The av. and range of values obtained in the B.O.D. test with Chlorella from different culture media are presented in tabular form. The effects of Scenedesmus and Nostoc on the B.O.D. test were similar to Chlorella. Microcystis was remarkably similar to Chlorella in its behavior. 18 references. [on SciFinder (R)]Notes: CAN 62:4263423Sewage and WastesUniv. of Wisconsin,MadisonJournal0043-1303written in English.

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 288Author: Zehnder, AlfonsYear: 1963Title: Culturing experiments with Gloeotrichia echinulataJournal: Schweizerische Zeitschrift fuer HydrologieVolume: 25Issue: 1Pages: 65-83Accession Number: AN 1964:47368Keywords: Gloeotrichia echinulata (culturing of)Abstract: The effects of different trace element mixts., addn. of soil ext., Fe sources, and medium pH on the growth of this blue-green alga are reported. Medium No. 11 (CA 55, 5660c) contg. 1-2 mg. chelated Fe/l. with a pH of 8-9 showed the optimal conditions The alga could apparently assimilate atm. N as a N source for growth. 26 refs. [on SciFinder (R)]Notes: CAN 60:4736862Microbial BiochemistryNatl. Res. Lab. Canada,OttawaJournal0036-7842language unavailable.

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 73Author: Webber, Edgar E.Year: 1963Title: The Ecology of Some Attached Algae in Worcester County, MassachusettsJournal: American Midland NaturalistVolume: 70Issue: 1Pages: 175-186Date: Jul.Abstract: The algal floras of 11 ecologically divergent stations in Worcester Co., Massachusetts, were examined from June to mid-September, 1960. Water chemistry, including alkalinity, total hardness calcium, nitrates, and pH, was assayed at these locations. Most stations represented soft water environments. Batrachospermum, Draparnaldia, and Phormidium were characteristic of rapidly flowing water. Tribonema, Microspora, Ulothrix, Stigeoclonium, and members of the Zygnemataceae occur in gently flowing water. Occurring mainly in standing water were Oedogonium, Bulbochaete, and desmids. Warm water alkaline environments with high levels of calcium and hardness favored blue-greens, except Phormidium. In some cases blooms resulted from this alkaline condition. Desmids occurred principally in permanent, slightly acid ponds. In some instances it was possible to correlate appearance and growth of a particular species with physical and chemical factors of its environment.Notes: FLA00030031University of Notre DameCopyright 1963 The University of Notre DameURL: http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0003-0031%28196307%2970%3A1%3C175%3ATEOSAA%3E2.0.CO%3B2-B

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 74Author: Small, Lawrence F.Year: 1963Title: Effect of Wind on the Distribution of Chlorophyll a in Clear Lake, IowaJournal: Limnology and OceanographyVolume: 8Issue: 4Pages: 426-432

Date: Oct.Abstract: Distribution of surface chlorophyll a in a shallow, eutrophic lake in north-central Iowa was adequately predicted by an effective chlorophyll-displacement index (EDI) and a displacement vector (DV), which were dependent upon velocity, duration, and directional stability of wind prior to chlorophyll collection dates. Four general wind conditions, determined by the magnitudes of EDI and DV, are considered, and four general conditions of chlorophyll movement are postulated as a direct result of the wind conditions.Notes: FLA00243590American Society of Limnology and OceanographyCopyright 1963 American Society of Limnology and OceanographyURL: http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0024-3590%28196310%298%3A4%3C426%3AEOWOTD%3E2.0.CO%3B2-5

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 289Author: Hassall, Kenneth A.Year: 1963Title: Uptake of copper and its physiological effects on Chlorella vulgarisJournal: Physiologia PlantarumVolume: 16Issue: 2Pages: 323-32Accession Number: AN 1964:47366Keywords: Chlorella vulgaris (Cu absorption by and physiol. effects on); Gloeotrichia echinulata (culturing of)Abstract: cf. CA 56, 12083c. Although Cu, Hg and Ag, low in the electrochem. series, were highly toxic both to growth and respiration, Cu was unique in that it was highly toxic to cells under anaerobic conditions, but seldom reduced respiration for many hrs. in aerated vessels. This could not be explained by ease of uptake in presence or absence of air. Scalded cells absorbed Cu very rapidly, but the total was the same as in cells killed by Cu. Cells supplied with glucose grew in higher concns. of Cu than those relying on photosynthesis. [on SciFinder (R)]Notes: CAN 60:4736662Microbial BiochemistryUniv. Reading,UK.Journal0031-9317language unavailable.

7440-50-8 (Copper) (absorption and physiol. effects on Chlorella vulgaris)

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 72Author: Dillard, Gary E.; Weik, Kenneth L.; Mohlenbrock, Robert H.Year: 1963Title: Notes on the Algal Flora of IllinoisJournal: American Midland NaturalistVolume: 69Issue: 1Pages: 127-135Date: Jan.Abstract: This paper lists several species of algae previously unreported or infrequently reported as occurring in Illinois. A total of 153 species, varieties, and forms are enumerated of which 52 are new records for the State of Illinois. Included is the first report for the rhodophycean genus Lemanea in this state.Notes: FLA00030031University of Notre DameCopyright 1963 The University of Notre DameURL: http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0003-0031%28196301%2969%3A1%3C127%3ANOTAFO%3E2.0.CO%3B2-E

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 290Author: Gorham, P. R.Year: 1962Title: Laboratory studies on the toxins produced by waterblooms of blue-green algaeJournal: Am. J. Publ. HealthVolume: 52Issue: 12Pages: 2100-2105Accession Number: 4631610Keywords: Algal blooms; Biological poisons; Toxicity; Bioassays; Toxicitytolerance; Chemical composition; Anabaena flos-aquae; Anabaenalimnetica; Anabaena spiroides; Anabaena scherematievi; Anacystiscyanea f. minor; Anacystis nidulans; Coelosphaerium kuetzingianum;Gloeotrichia echinulata; Microcystis aeruginosa; NodulariaspumigenaFreshwater

Q1 01206 Physiology, biochemistry, biophysicsAbstract: Algal blooms vary in toxicity because certain strains of certain species are capable of producing toxins. The production of and release of bacterial toxins may modify or confuse the symptoms produced by the algal toxin. At least 3 types of toxins are now known to be involved in algal poisonings and can be distinguished by the symptoms they produce. Microcystis FDF (Fast Death Factor) and Anabaena VFDF (Very Fast Death Factor) appear to be of algal origin. There appear to be several slow death factors that are bacterial in origin. FDF has been identified as a probably cyclic polypeptide of moderately low molecular weight. VFDF and bacterial toxins have not been established yet. Microcystis is more or less toxic to a variety of animals with the exception of the domestic duck which are resistant to massive doses of Microcystis cells.(DBO).Notes: 1962.EnglishJournal Article; Numerical data

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 39Author: Schneider, K. C.; Bradbeer, Clive; Singh, R. N.; Wang, Li Chuan; Wilson, P. W.; Burris, R. H.Year: 1960Title: Nitrogen Fixation by Cell-Free Preparations from MicroorganismsJournal: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of AmericaVolume: 46Issue: 5Pages: 726-733Date: May 15Keywords: MicrobiologyNotes: FLA00278424National Academy of Sciences of the United States of AmericaCopyright 1960 National Academy of SciencesURL: http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0027-8424%2819600515%2946%3A5%3C726%3ANFBCPF%3E2.0.CO%3B2-9

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 71Author: Castenholz, Richard W.Year: 1960Title: Seasonal Changes in the Attached Algae of Freshwater and

Saline Lakes in the Lower Grand Coulee, WashingtonJournal: Limnology and OceanographyVolume: 5Issue: 1Pages: 1-28Date: Jan.Abstract: A two year investigation of two freshwater alkaline lakes and two saline lakes in the Lower Grand Coulee has provided a quantitative and qualitative record of many of the seasonal changes occurring in the non-planktonic algae. A glass plate method satisfactorily recorded quantitative changes in the attached algae. The plates (28 by 28 cm) were submerged for 2 to 4 weeks at various depths. Dry weight and ash-free dry weight of the predominantly algal attachment materials on plates were determined, and the ash-free weight was expressed as a production rate. The ash from freshwater lakes was composed normally of intact diatom frustules. The ash from saline lakes was also diatomaceous, but the weakly silicified frustules were deformed during ashing. Proportional counts of the various species in freshwater lakes were made using the ash. The evaluation of relative dominance was based on the mathematical product of the cell count and a calculated volume factor for each species. The glass-plate production technique was examined at some length and it was concluded that a 2-week submergence period was most satisfactory, that glass was not unduly selective, that a horizontal position was satisfactory, and that the method was best suited to the freshwater lakes. In freshwater lakes (200-450 ppm T.D.S.) results clearly show a bimodal production curve with the peak generally higher in the spring than in the fall. Lowest production invariably occurred in late summer. High production values in the spring were commonly near or above $500 mg/m^2/day$. Comparison of the results of two years shows sizable differences in total production at comparable times of year, but the seasonal distribution of species followed the same general pattern both years. Cymbella affinis, C. cistula, C. mexicana, Diatoma elongatum, Fragilaria vaucheriae, Gomphonema eriense, Nitzchia spp., Synedra acus, and S. ulna were characteristic spring dominants in the freshwater lakes. These diatoms were replaced in summer mainly by Epithemia sorex, E. turgida, and Rhopalodia gibba. A few "spring" species were common in one lake in summer but only at greater depths. The summer period was also characterized by a great abundance of Cladophora, Spirogyra, Oscillatoria, and members of the Chlorococcales. The dominant summer diatoms usually remained through the fall and were joined at that time by several of the "spring" species. In winter diatom production was generally low, but Ulothrix clothed rocks in Falls Lake even under an ice cover. Nine per cent of the 275 algal taxa collected in the Lower Grand Coulee occurred in both freshwater and saline lakes. Although the saline lakes were not

rich in numbers of species, production rates were similar to and even higher than production rates in the freshwater lakes. In the two saline lakes (Lake Lenore-10,000 ppm and Soap Lake-25,000 ppm) there was a pronounced diatom pulse in the fall. Production rate values as high as $550 mg/m^2/day$ were achieved during this season. In Soap Lake a winter pulse reached a value of $1000 mg/m^2/day$ which was followed by a distinct spring pulse, both absent in Lake Lenore. The dominants on glass plates in both lakes were sfecies of Nitzschia and Amphora. Blue-green algae were also common and were conspicous for their lack of seasonality.Notes: FLA00243590American Society of Limnology and OceanographylatexCopyright 1960 American Society of Limnology and OceanographyURL: http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0024-3590%28196001%295%3A1%3C1%3ASCITAA%3E2.0.CO%3B2-6

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 70Author: Sexton, Owen J.Year: 1959Title: Spatial and Temporal Movements of a Population of the Painted Turtle, Chrysemys picta marginata (Agassiz)Journal: Ecological MonographsVolume: 29Issue: 2Pages: 113-140Date: Apr.Notes: FLA00129615The Duke University PressENCopyright 1959 The Ecological Society of AmericaURL: http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0012-9615%28195904%2929%3A2%3C113%3ASATMOA%3E2.0.CO%3B2-B

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 69Author: Talling, J. F.Year: 1957Title: Diurnal Changes of Stratification and Photosynthesis in some Tropical African WatersJournal: Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B,

Biological SciencesVolume: 147Issue: 926Pages: 57-83Date: Aug. 13Abstract: A description is given of diurnal changes, due to the photosynthesis of phytoplankton, in three shallow African waters. Their vertical distribution was largely controlled by changes of thermal stratification; examples corresponding to different degrees of the latter are illustrated from four series of observations. Thermal stratification was generally intermittent, with marked stratification during the day, ended by isothermal mixing at night. An effect of these changes upon the distribution of a blue-green alga, Anabaena, and its photosynthetic activity, is also illustrated. Experimental determinations of the rates of photosynthesis (as milligrams of oxygen produced per unit volume of water, or of algal cells, per hour), and their distribution with time and depth, were obtained using the classic method of suspended light and dark bottles. Photosynthetic behaviour generally resembled that found in temperate waters, but maximum rates of photosynthesis calculated per unit volume of algal cells were unusually high. The preceding observations are used to calculate rates of photosynthesis below unit area of water surface, both from the experimental results and from the diurnal variation of oxygen content in the open water. In the latter case the observed increase of oxygen content in a water column during daytime is corrected for sources of loss, due to respiration and exchange with the atmosphere, using a mean rate of oxygen depletion measured during the night. Although the method is subject to many sources of error, which are discussed, the conclusion is reached that it can provide useful, if often rough, estimates of the rate of primary production. The experimental estimates were calculated both for the experimental periods, and for longer daily periods, using some general equations previously proposed. The calculations from diurnal changes and from experimental data are in agreement concerning the order of magnitude of production, but close conformity was obtained for only one series of observations. The areal values of production estimated from diurnal changes lay in a limited range of 4 to 11 g oxygen (equivalent to approximately 1.5 to 4 g carbon) $\text{m}^{-2}$ $\text{day}^{-1}$, despite considerable variation in individual factors such as population density and underwater light penetration. These values are similar to other estimates for phytoplankton in very productive waters.Notes: FLA00804649The Royal SocietylatexCopyright 1957 The Royal Society

URL: http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0080-4649%2819570813%29147%3A926%3C57%3ADCOSAP%3E2.0.CO%3B2-W

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 68Author: Thompson, R. H.Year: 1956Title: Schizochlamys gelatinosa and Placosphaera opacaJournal: American Journal of BotanyVolume: 43Issue: 9Pages: 665-672Date: Nov.Abstract: The life history of Schizochlamys gelatinosa A. Braun is shown to be highly complicated with environmentally induced phases. The strict life cycle consists of four stages; stalked aplanospores resulting from a germinated zygospore; a stage of growth and cell division from such spores; an intermediate-pseudociliate stage; and, the Schizochlamys stage in which biflagellate gametes are produced. Both the intermediate and the Schizochlamys stages reproduce asexually by quadriflagellate zoospores, as well as increase colonial size by cell division. The environmentally induced phases are: a stalked pseudociliate phase developing from a stalked aplanospore; a phase of several generations of free aplanosporic reproduction developing out of the growth and division stage; a Urococcus_like phase developing out of the intermediate-pseudociliate stage; and, an akinete phase developing out of the Schizochlamys stage. In addition a growing "akinete" phase in which the cell increases several diameters in size may develop out of any one of the first three stages of the life cycle. The free aplanosporic phase was described by Dangeard in 1889 as Placosphaera opaca. It is shown that Placosphaera velebitica Pevalek (1924) and Coelastrella striolata Chodat (1921) are to be considered identical with P. opaca and consequently with the latter are reduced to synonymy with Schizochlamys.Notes: FLA00029122American Botanical SocietyCopyright 1956 Botanical Society of AmericaURL: http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0002-9122%28195611%2943%3A9%3C665%3ASGAPO%3E2.0.CO%3B2-U

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 67

Author: Schumacher, George J.Year: 1956Title: A Qualitative and Quantitative Study of the Plankton Algae in Southwestern GeorgiaJournal: American Midland NaturalistVolume: 56Issue: 1Pages: 88-115Date: Jul.Abstract: The purpose of this survey was to present a qualitative and quantitative study of the plankton algae of Southwestern Georgia. The qualitative collections were limited only by the boundaries of the eleven counties shown in fig. 1, whereas the quantitative samples were restricted to fifteen ponds. Fifteen months were spent in the field gathering the necessary material. A total of 399 species and varieties, 93 genera and 31 families was determined. 207 species represent new records for the state of Georgia and 85 species are reported for the first time for the Southeastern Coastal Plain. Some of the more noteworthy finds are Chrysopyxis bipes, Coelastrum chodati, Dinobryon divergens, Peridinium limbatum, Phymatodocis nordstedtiana and Pleurotaenium spinulosum. The genera represented by the largest number of species are as follows: Cosmarium, 43; Staurastrum, 41; Closterium, 29; Euastrum, 23; Micrasterias, 23; Scenedesmus, 15. The families with the largest number of species are the following: Desmidiaceae, 211; Oocystaceae, 34; Chroococcaceae, 23; Scenedesmaceae, 18; Oscillatoriaceae, 15. Babcock Pond had the richest flora with 114 species of plankton algae. Those ponds approaching this number are Big Cypress, 111; Cane Water, 93; Putney, 89; Mossy, 88 and Porter, 88. The two mill ponds, Sheffield's and Ivy's, had the lowest number with 29 and 32 respectively. The qualitative findings are presented in an annotated list, while the quantitative results are recorded graphically by months for each pond. Blooms of Dinobryon divergens and Microcystis aeruginosa were noted during the winter and summer months respectively. An attempt was made to classify the ponds on a basis of the number and variety of algae found therein, with particular emphasis being placed on the Desmidiaceae. This resulted in the establishment of three groups. Group one was characterized by having limited quantitative numbers of algae, a rather even seasonal distribution and a wide variety of species, especially among the desmids. The second group likewise possessed a large variety of desmid species but had a phyto-plankton population which was generally rich in numbers and exhibiting marked seasonal pulsations. The final group has the intrinsic property of being desmid-poor while having relatively high numbers of diatoms and blue-greens. Members of group three had clear cool waters and sandy bottoms whereas those ponds in groups one and two had warm dark

waters and mucky organic bottoms.Notes: FLA00030031University of Notre DameCopyright 1956 The University of Notre DameURL: http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0003-0031%28195607%2956%3A1%3C88%3AAQAQSO%3E2.0.CO%3B2-E

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 66Author: Rao, C. B.Year: 1955Title: On the Distribution of Algae in a Group of Six Small Ponds: II. Algal PeriodicityJournal: The Journal of EcologyVolume: 43Issue: 1Pages: 291-308Date: Jan.Abstract: 1. An attempt is made to relate the distribution and periodicity of algae in six small ponds, lying in close proximity, to variations in dissolved substances and to weather conditions. 2. Observations were made on three of the ponds for 24 months, and on the others for 12 months, analyses of the water and estimates of the algal populations being made monthly. 3. Flagellates (Volvocales, Chrysophyceae, Cryptophyceae, Dinophyceae and Euglenineae) were more numerous in the acidic ponds. 4. Chrysophyceae were mainly early spring forms; Dinophyceae, in general, characterized late spring. Cryptomonas showed a spring peak and a secondary peak in mid-summer. Oxidizable organic matter appeared to be the chief factor affecting the periodicity of these three groups. 5. Euglenineae were abundant whenever concentration of albuminoid ammonia was low, which happened during early spring or throughout spring, and also at midsummer. 6. Green algae (Volvocales, Chlorococcales and desmids) were poorly represented in ponds with a high concentration of albuminoid ammonia and low oxygen concentrations. 7. Chlorococcales attained abundance when water temperatures were higher (June to August). 8. Desmid peaks appeared to be related to higher water temperatures and prolonged sunshine, and synchronized with a rise in pH. 9. Diatoms were in larger numbers in alkaline ponds. Peaks were, in general, observed in spring and autumn after periods of high concentration of silica, nitrate and phosphate. These substances, however, are not regarded as limiting factors in the development of diatoms in the ponds. 10. Myxophyceae were plentiful where there were high organic content and low oxygen concentrations, together

with pH around neutrality. Prolonged sunshine and high concentration of organic matter were related to the periodicity of these algae, which were generally abundant between May and October. 11. The total algal population in each pond was high in spring, summer and early autumn, and this was related to a high concentration of organic matter and a high C/N ratio, these two factors being related to the monthly sunshine totals. 12. The general seasonal succession of algae was more or less the same in all the ponds and was correlated with the changing chemical composition of the water. Euglenineae and other flagellates were dominant in early spring or throughout spring, some with a secondary peak in midsummer. The spring diatom peak was followed by green algae, which were dominant at midsummer. Blue-green algae reached their maximum from May to October. The second diatom peak came in early autumn.Notes: FLA00220477Cambridge University PressCopyright 1955 British Ecological SocietyURL: http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0022-0477%28195501%2943%3A1%3C291%3AOTDOAI%3E2.0.CO%3B2-2

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 10Author: Ingram, William Marcus; Prescott, G. W.Year: 1954Title: Toxic Fresh-water AlgaeJournal: American Midland NaturalistVolume: 52Issue: 1Pages: 75-87Date: Jul.Abstract: Outbreaks of human gastroenteritis have not been positively traced to algae. Algae that have been responsible for mammalian, avarian, and fish deaths through some toxic action are all to be found in the blue-green algal group, the Cynapophyta. The Cyanophyta species that have been associated with animal deaths belong in the genera: Microcystis, Aphanizomenon, Anabaena, Nodularia, Coelosphaerium, and Gloeotrichia. Often when deaths of animals occur, a wind has been reported blowing, thus tending to concentrate algae in lee-shore areas. Cattle that drink only small quantities of water containing Microcystis may not die but do show a series of illness symptoms, one of which is a drop in milk yield. Symptomatic treatment has been recommended by Steyn (1945) for cattle poisoned by algae. Various writers have made reference to several toxic substances associated with blue-green algae. Substances

that are toxic enough to cause illness or death in animals are not present in all blue-green algae. Water in which certain blue-green algae have bloomed may produce death in mammals and fish when the algal cells themselves are excluded. The toxic material from certain algae may survive the laboratory equivalent of water treatment, using alum coagulation, filtration and chlorination. It may survive activated carbon treatment in amounts corresponding to that used in water treatment plants, and after massive treatment with Norite A.Notes: FLA00030031University of Notre DameCopyright 1954 The University of Notre DameURL: http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0003-0031%28195407%2952%3A1%3C75%3ATFA%3E2.0.CO%3B2-T

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 65Author: Peckham, Richard S.; Dineen, Clarence F.Year: 1953Title: Summer Plankton of Lake Amatitlan, GuatemalaJournal: American Midland NaturalistVolume: 50Issue: 2Pages: 377-381Date: Oct.Notes: FLA00030031University of Notre DameCopyright 1953 The University of Notre DameURL: http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0003-0031%28195310%2950%3A2%3C377%3ASPOLAG%3E2.0.CO%3B2-4

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 38Author: Dineen, Clarence F.Year: 1953Title: An Ecological Study of a Minnesota PondJournal: American Midland NaturalistVolume: 50Issue: 2Pages: 349-376Date: Oct.Abstract: An ecological study of a small pond in Minnesota was

conducted over a period of nearly two years. At present, the pond is in a transitional stage between perennial and temporary aquatic community conditions. The physical and chemical factors were analyzed. The bottom deposits (maximum deposition 4 M) were studied in some detail with respect to the developmental history of the pond. A flourishing peripheral belt of emergent plants (Sagittaria, , Acorus) was present. The annual deposition of organic matter from these was a major force in reducing the area and depth of the pond. Duckweed covered a large part of the pond during the warmer months. Algae were common particularly Hydrodictyon and Aphanizomenon which reached "bloom" stages during the summer. The production of algae was correlated with the chemical conditions of the water. Potamogeton berchtoldi was the only rooted aquatic plant. Seasonal and annual variations in the populations of plants and animals were determined by quantitative measurements. The organisms in the pond community formed a food web which was in a "balanced" condition during the first part of this study, however, abnormal climatic conditions resulted in winter anaerobiosis and a complete winterkill of fishes (top predators). Consequently, the populations of various organisms lower in the food web were altered greatly. Pronounced predator-prey dynamics were indicated by the trophic relationships of the fishes, snail leeches and browsers. The food web consisted of seven major food groups, namely, (1) phytoplankters, (2) zooplankters, (3) browsers, (4) plankton predators, (5) benthic predators, (6) Hydrodictyon and Lemnaceae, and (7) pondweed. The total annual production of each food group was determined. The food groups formed fairly discrete trophic levels. The producer level included the chlorophyll-bearing plant (pondweed, phytoplankton, Hydrodictyon and Lemnaceae). The primary consumer level consisted of zooplankters and browsers. The secondary consumers included the predators except the fishes which during the first year of this study constituted a third consumer level. The biological efficiency of each trophic level of the food web was computed by comparing the total production of organisms in each trophic level with the total production of organisms in the preceding level. The total production of organisms at each trophic level decreased while the biological efficiency increased from the lowest level (producer) to the top consumer level, thus, supporting the Lindeman ratio (p/e, Allee and co-workers, 1949). The dynamics of the pond community indicated that the exchange of energy, as measured by the production of organic materials, from one trophic level to the next is low even though the pond community was fertile and productive.Notes: FLA00030031University of Notre DameCopyright 1953 The University of Notre Dame

URL: http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0003-0031%28195310%2950%3A2%3C349%3AAESOAM%3E2.0.CO%3B2-V

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 30Author: Williams, A. E.; Burris, R. H.Year: 1952Title: Nitrogen Fixation by Blue-Green Algae and Their Nitrogenous CompositionJournal: American Journal of BotanyVolume: 39Issue: 5Pages: 340-342Date: MayAbstract: Bacteria-free cultures of blue-green algae were tested for their ability to fix N$_2$; N$_2^{15}$ was used as a tracer. Fixation was not obtained with Coccochloris peniocystis, Diplocystis aeruginosa, Gloeocapsa membranina, Aphanizomenon flos-aquae, Plectonema nostocorum, Phormidium tenue, or Gloeocapsa dimidiata. In addition to Nostoc muscorum, Calothrix parietina and another culture, tentatively identified as a Nostoc, fixed N$_2$. Fixation by Calothrix parietina verifies the existence of nitrogen fixation in the Rivulariaceae. The partial amino acid composition of Nostoc muscorum, Calothrix parietina and Diplocystis aeruginosa was determined; methionine was notably low among the amino acids essential for human nutrition.Notes: FLA00029122American Botanical SocietylatexCopyright 1952 Botanical Society of AmericaURL: http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0002-9122%28195205%2939%3A5%3C340%3ANFBBAA%3E2.0.CO%3B2-2

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 64Author: Bryden, Robert R.Year: 1952Title: Ecology of Pelmatohydra oligactis in Kirkpatricks Lake, TennesseeJournal: Ecological MonographsVolume: 22Issue: 1Pages: 45-68Date: Jan.

Notes: FLA00129615The Duke University PressENCopyright 1952 The Ecological Society of AmericaURL: http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0012-9615%28195201%2922%3A1%3C45%3AEOPOIK%3E2.0.CO%3B2-U

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 37Author: Blackburn, Kathleen B.Year: 1952Title: The Dating of a Deposit Containing an Elk Skeleton Found at Neasham Near Darlington, County DurhamJournal: New PhytologistVolume: 51Issue: 3Pages: 364-377Date: Nov.Notes: FLA0028646xCambridge University PressCopyright 1952 New Phytologist TrustURL: http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0028-646X%28195211%2951%3A3%3C364%3ATDOADC%3E2.0.CO%3B2-5

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 29Author: Spencer, John L.Year: 1950Title: The Net Phytoplankton of Quabbin Reservoir, Massachusetts, in Relation to Certain Environmental FactorsJournal: EcologyVolume: 31Issue: 3Pages: 405-425Date: Jul.Notes: FLA00129658Brooklyn Botanic GardenENCopyright 1950 The Ecological Society of AmericaURL: http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0012-9658%28195007%2931%3A3%3C405%3ATNPOQR%3E2.0.CO%3B2-W

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 63Author: Newcombe, Curtis L.Year: 1950Title: A Quantitative Study of Attachment Materials in Sodon Lake, MichiganJournal: EcologyVolume: 31Issue: 2Pages: 204-215Date: Apr.Notes: FLA00129658Brooklyn Botanic GardenENCopyright 1950 The Ecological Society of AmericaURL: http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0012-9658%28195004%2931%3A2%3C204%3AAQSOAM%3E2.0.CO%3B2-9

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 14Author: Gerloff, Gerald C.; Fitzgerald, George P.; Skoog, FolkeYear: 1950Title: The Mineral Nutrition of Coccochloris PeniocystisJournal: American Journal of BotanyVolume: 37Issue: 10Pages: 835-840Date: Dec.Abstract: A quantitative study has been made of the mineral nutrition of bacteria-free Coccochloris Peniocystis. For this purpose, a synthetic nutrient solution was developed with the same concentrations of the essential elements as in Chu No. 10 solution, but superior to it because it permits independent variation in the concentration of each essential element. Coccochloris Peniocystis requires an unusually high pH for maximum growth. No growth developed in cultures maintained at a pH of 5.0 or 6.0, and only slight yields were obtained at pH 7.0 and 8.0. Growth increased considerably at pH 9.0, reached a maximum at 10.0, and declined again at pH 11.0. This alga requires much higher concentrations of nitrogen than of the other essential elements. Maximum growth occurred in culture solutions with a N/P ratio of approximately 30/1. The minimum concentrations of the essential dements for optimum yields was 13.6 p. p. m. nitrate nitrogen, 0.45 p.

p. m. phosphorus, 0.83 p. p. m. sulfur, 2.25 p. p. m. potassium, 0.13 p. p. m. magnesium, and 0.03 p. p. m. iron. Omitting the addition of calcium salts did not decrease yields. A comparison of freshly dissolved ferric chloride and ferric citrate as an iron source for this organism showed that with the concentration in the basic solution, 0.56 p. p. m. iron, the two salts were equally effective, but at low iron concentrations, 0.03 and 0.06 p. p. m., ferric citrate was more effective. The results demonstrate a method for obtaining specific information on the growth requirements and the relative amounts of essential elements which are necessary for maximum growth of blue-green algae.Notes: FLA00029122American Botanical SocietyCopyright 1950 Botanical Society of AmericaURL: http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0002-9122%28195012%2937%3A10%3C835%3ATMNOCP%3E2.0.CO%3B2-J

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 62Author: Edmondson, W. T.Year: 1946Title: Factors in the Dynamics of Rotifer PopulationsJournal: Ecological MonographsVolume: 16Issue: 4Pages: 357-372Date: Oct.Notes: FLASymposium on Dynamics of Production in Aquatic Populations00129615The Duke University PressENCopyright 1946 The Ecological Society of AmericaURL: http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0012-9615%28194610%2916%3A4%3C357%3AFITDOR%3E2.0.CO%3B2-K

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 59Author: Edmondson, W. T.Year: 1945Title: Ecological Studies of Sessile Rotatoria, Part II: Dynamics of Populations and Social StructuresJournal: Ecological Monographs

Volume: 15Issue: 2Pages: 141-172Date: Apr.Notes: FLA00129615The Duke University PressENCopyright 1945 The Ecological Society of AmericaURL: http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0012-9615%28194504%2915%3A2%3C141%3AESOSRP%3E2.0.CO%3B2-Y

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 61Author: Chandler, David C.; Weeks, Owen B.Year: 1945Title: Limnological Studies of Western Lake Erie: V. Relation of Limnological and Meteorological Conditions to the Production of Phytoplankton in 1942Journal: Ecological MonographsVolume: 15Issue: 4Pages: 435-457Date: Oct.Notes: FLA00129615The Duke University PressENCopyright 1945 The Ecological Society of AmericaURL: http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0012-9615%28194510%2915%3A4%3C435%3ALSOWLE%3E2.0.CO%3B2-M

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 60Author: Burkholder, Paul R.; Sinnott, Edmund W.Year: 1945Title: Morphogenesis of Fungus Colonies in Submerged Shaken CulturesJournal: American Journal of BotanyVolume: 32Issue: 7Pages: 424-431Date: Jul.Abstract: Observations were made on the development of submerged

colonies in shaken cultures of about 150 species of fungi grown in three kinds of nutrient solution. In still cultures, most fungi form mats of mycelium floating at the surface of the nutrient solution; but in agitated cultures, they develop discrete globose colonies which commonly possess characteristic metabolism, color, texture, and surface features. The tissues of these colonies are usually prosenchyma, elastic, and sponge-like, with fluid filling the interhyphal spaces. Typical colonies may develop from germinating single spores or groups of spores, from fragments of mycelium, or from whole perithecia, etc. Polarized growth of sporelings gives way in early stages of development to branched hyphae which continue to grow outward and intertwine in such a way as to form a globose body. The developmental history of Penicillium notatum was studied at various stages of growth from spore germination to the formation of large colonies. The rate of growth, texture, and characteristic surface features of fungus colonies varied considerably with differences in composition of the medium. Alternating temperature, and intermittent shaking resulted in the development of alternating zones of different texture. Delayed shaking resulted in the formation of colonies with irregular shape. It is suggested that the development of spherical colonies results from their equal exposure on all sides to various factors, such as gravity and chemical gradients, which in still culture would be unilateral in incidence and effect. The genetic constitution of an organism, as illustrated by these plants, evidently reacts specifically to three types of environmental influences: (1) external factors to which it is exposed on one side more strongly than on the other and which thus tend to produce oriented or unsymmetrical growth; (2) external factors to which it is exposed equally on all sides but which by differences in character or quality produce diverse effects; and (3) factors in the internal environment more immediately under genic control and relatively independent of external influences.Notes: FLA00029122American Botanical SocietyCopyright 1945 Botanical Society of AmericaURL: http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0002-9122%28194507%2932%3A7%3C424%3AMOFCIS%3E2.0.CO%3B2-A

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 57Author: Hutchinson, G. EvelynYear: 1944Title: Limnological Studies in Connecticut. VII. A Critical Examination of the Supposed Relationship between Phytoplakton Periodicity and Chemical Changes in Lake Waters

Journal: EcologyVolume: 25Issue: 1Pages: 3-26Date: Jan.Notes: FLA00129658Brooklyn Botanic GardenENCopyright 1944 The Ecological Society of AmericaURL: http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0012-9658%28194401%2925%3A1%3C3%3ALSICVA%3E2.0.CO%3B2-H

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 3Author: Edmondson, W. T.Year: 1944Title: Ecological Studies of Sessile Rotatoria: Part I. Factors Affecting DistributionJournal: Ecological MonographsVolume: 14Issue: 1Pages: 31-66Date: Jan.Notes: FLA00129615The Duke University PressENCopyright 1944 The Ecological Society of AmericaURL: http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0012-9615%28194401%2914%3A1%3C31%3AESOSRP%3E2.0.CO%3B2-N

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 58Author: Dutton, Herbert J.; Juday, ChanceyYear: 1944Title: Chromatic Adaptation in Relation to Color and Depth Distribution of Freshwater Phytoplankton and Large Aquatic PlantsJournal: EcologyVolume: 25Issue: 3Pages: 273-282Date: Jul.Notes: FLA

00129658Brooklyn Botanic GardenENCopyright 1944 The Ecological Society of AmericaURL: http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0012-9658%28194407%2925%3A3%3C273%3ACAIRTC%3E2.0.CO%3B2-P

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 55Author: Prescott, Gerald W.; Croasdale, Hannah T.Year: 1942Title: The Algae of New England. II. Additions to the Freshwater Algal Flora of MassachusettsJournal: American Midland NaturalistVolume: 27Issue: 3Pages: 662-676Date: MayNotes: FLA00030031University of Notre DameCopyright 1942 The University of Notre DameURL: http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0003-0031%28194205%2927%3A3%3C662%3ATAONEI%3E2.0.CO%3B2-S

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 291Author: Mazur, Abraham; Clarke, H. T.Year: 1942Title: Chemical components of some autotrophic organismsJournal: Journal of Biological ChemistryVolume: 143Pages: 39-42Accession Number: AN 1942:20820Keywords: Algae (amino acids in protein hydrolyzates and mannitol from); Amino acids (in algal-protein hydrolyzates); Proteins (of algae)Abstract: cf. C. A. 35, 8017.8. Amino-acid analyses were made of hydrolyzates of the total proteins extd. by 90% formic acid from 1 blue-green alga, Gloeotrichia (I); 5 brown algae, Macrocystis, Lessioniopsis, Fucus (II), Cystoseira (III), Egregria (IV) and 2 green algae, Caulerpa (V) and Codium. All the brown algae contain lysine but II, III and IV lack arginine. I lacks cystine and V lacks lysine. Further confirmation of the apparent generality that brown, but not green marine algae, contain mannitol was obtained. [on SciFinder (R)]

Notes: CAN 36:2082011DBiological Chemistry: BotanyJournal0021-9258language unavailable.69-65-8 (Mannitol) (in algae)

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 56Author: Fritsch, F. E.Year: 1942Title: The Interrelations and Classification of the Myxophyceae (Cyanophyceae)Journal: New PhytologistVolume: 41Issue: 2Pages: 134-148Date: Jul. 31Notes: FLA0028646xCambridge University PressCopyright 1942 New Phytologist TrustURL: http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0028-646X%2819420731%2941%3A2%3C134%3ATIACOT%3E2.0.CO%3B2-3

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 36Author: Lindeman, Raymond L.Year: 1941Title: The Developmental History of Cedar Creek Bog, MinnesotaJournal: American Midland NaturalistVolume: 25Issue: 1Pages: 101-112Date: Jan.Abstract: The Cedar Creek Bog was formed as an ice-block lake in pitted sand-outwash topography, following recession of Keewatin ice during the Late Wisconsin glaciation. The lake is at present in a late stage of senescence, water occupying less than 1/10 of its original depth and area. Marginal succession is proceeding with great rapidity; the sedge mat vegetation showed radial invasion of 0.95 meter in 5 years. Nine years of observations, supported by photographic evidence, indicates that precipitation has been an important factor in

the dominance of Decodon over Typha as the foremost invader of the encircling sedge mat. An extensive forest of Thuja occidentalis, encompassing a girdle of Larix laricina, covers the peripheral area of the lake basin. Observations on the sediments of the Cedar Bog basin indicate that marl is the most extensive deposit, comprising at least 50% of the total. The mart is underlain in the deepest areas by a thin layer of fine-detritus gyttja, and is interrupted in its middle region by a second thin, sharply marked stratum of gyttja. The marl ceases abruptly above a sediment depth of 4 meters. A silty deposit tentatively termed sapropsammite occurs in the littoral area of the lake basin at sediment depths of 1 to 3 meters. The present lake is underlain by a deposit described as avja-gyttja, which merges peripherally into a blackish type designated as Decodon-sapropel. Beneath and peripheral to the sedges mat occurs a thick layer of sedge peat, overlain beneath the bog forest by a thin stratum of forest peat.Notes: FLA00030031University of Notre DameCopyright 1941 The University of Notre DameURL: http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0003-0031%28194101%2925%3A1%3C101%3ATDHOCC%3E2.0.CO%3B2-C

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 28Author: Lindeman, Raymond L.Year: 1941Title: Seasonal Food-Cycle Dynamics in a Senescent LakeJournal: American Midland NaturalistVolume: 26Issue: 3Pages: 636-673Date: Nov.Abstract: 1. Cedar Bog Lake, which has been the subject of a four-year study in dynamic ecology, represents a late stage of eutrophic senescence. 2. A generalized diagram of food-cycle relationships is presented: the autotrophic plants, free-floating and attached, are the producers of organic substance; numerous animal groups play intricate, inter-related roles as primary, secondary, tertiary, etc., consumers of this organic substance; heterotrophic bacteria act as decomposers of organic substance and, from another point of view, as regenerators of essential plant nutrients, which again contribute to the synthesis of organic substance. 3. The biotic inter-relationships of the various consumer groups, particularly the browsers, benthic predators and swimming predators, are discussed in some detail. 4. The quantitative seasonal distribution of food groups showed remarkable

variation from year to year. These annual variations seemed to be correlated at least in part with marked fluctuations in water level and in chemical composition of the water. Prolonged winter anaerobiosis often completely destroyed the swimming predators and decimated the numbers in other food groups. 5. Climatic variations, resulting in water level changes, winter anaerobiosis, etc., played an important role in the annual productivity of this senescent lake. 6. Limited predator-prey dynamics were suggested in the population ratio of zooplankters to nannoplankters and of Chaoborus larvae to net plankters (Fig. 5). Plankton predators were relatively the most variable of the food groups with respect to annual production, while nannoplankters were relatively the least variable. 7. The mean annual ratios of producers to primary consumers to secondary consumers (including the small swimming predators found in the lake) were: 70.3:7.0:1.3 cal/cm$^2$. Annual variation was relatively greatest for the secondary consumers and least for the producers. 8. The relative annual production of the food groups, as might be anticipated on theoretical grounds, indicates an efficiency of food conversion much lower than the probable physiological efficiency ratios of the species. Only occasionally did the factor of food supply appear to limit the production of a food group.Notes: FLA00030031University of Notre DamelatexCopyright 1941 The University of Notre DameURL: http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0003-0031%28194111%2926%3A3%3C636%3ASFDIAS%3E2.0.CO%3B2-Y

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 54Author: Drouet, FrancisYear: 1938Title: Notes on Myxophyceae, I-IVJournal: Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical ClubVolume: 65Issue: 5Pages: 285-292Date: MayNotes: FLA00409618Press of the Intelligencer Printing CompanyCopyright 1938 Torrey Botanical SocietyURL: http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0040-9618%28193805%2965%3A5%3C285%3ANOMI%3E2.0.CO%3B2-E

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 12Author: Drouet, FrancisYear: 1938Title: The Brazilian Myxophyceae. IIJournal: American Journal of BotanyVolume: 25Issue: 9Pages: 657-666Date: Nov.Notes: FLA00029122American Botanical SocietyCopyright 1938 Botanical Society of AmericaURL: http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0002-9122%28193811%2925%3A9%3C657%3ATBMI%3E2.0.CO%3B2-1

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 53Author: Tiffany, Lewis HanfordYear: 1937Title: The Filamentous Algae of the West End of Lake ErieJournal: American Midland NaturalistVolume: 18Issue: 6Pages: 911-951Date: Nov.Notes: FLA00030031University of Notre DameCopyright 1937 The University of Notre DameURL: http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0003-0031%28193711%2918%3A6%3C911%3ATFAOTW%3E2.0.CO%3B2-D

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 21Author: Godward, M.Year: 1937Title: An Ecological and Taxonomic Investigation of the Littoral Algal Flora of Lake WindermereJournal: The Journal of EcologyVolume: 25

Issue: 2Pages: 496-568Date: Aug.Abstract: The littoral algae of Lake Windermere have been studied from a taxonomic and ecological point of view. Systematic notes are added on some of the species. The main results obtained may be summarized under three heads: (A) Ecological factors. (B) Periodicity. (C) Origin of plankton algae. A. Ecological factors The distribution of the littoral algae has been found to depend on depth of water, light intensity, factors associated with the habitat viz. (a) substratum, (b) proportions of organic matter and dissolved substances, and possibly temperature. The effects of these factors may be summarized as follows: (1) Substratum. (i) Stones. Certain blue-green algae, e.g. Dichothrix orsiniana, Nostoc verrucosum, are found only on stones; these form communities in the spray-zone, at 0-0.5 m., and at 1-3 m. Other species characteristic of stones are not restricted to them; these include such blue-green forms as Schizothrix funalis, a few species of diatoms, and among green algae mainly Ulothrix, Stigeoclonium and Spirogyra. (ii) Plants. The growth comprises numerous green and blue-green forms, as well as the bulk of the diatoms, including those found on stones, with the exception of Denticula tenuis; the diatoms listed under (iii) are also lacking here. (iii) Mud and associated debris. There is a special mud community composed of diatoms, e.g. species of Pinnularia and Nitzschia, Microcoleus delicatulus, occasionally with Cladophora Sauteri. (iv) Glass slides. These were colonized only by the algae of the macrophyte belt, chiefly by the diatoms and Lyngbya perelegans. Certain diatoms (Cocconeis, Eunotia veneris) appeared especially on slides placed on the bottom. (2) Depth of water. (i) Shallow water communities found on stones, whose total depth range is from 0 to 3 m. (ii) Communities of the macrophyte belt, extending according to the type of shore either from 0 to 3 m., or from 1 (or more) to 6 (rarely 6.5) m. Three of the diatoms were found in small numbers on glass slides at 15 m. (iii) The mud community, found also in shallow water, extends to a greater depth than any other, diatoms reaching 12 m. and Microcoleus 16 m. (3) Nature of habitat. (i) One can distinguish communities characteristic of stony and primitive "inorganic" shores (including Ulothrix zonata, Cymbella ventricosa etc.), of swampy evolved "organic" shores (including Batrachospermum moniliforme, Eunotia lunaris etc.), and of the mouths and lower parts of streams (including Stigeoclonium amoenum, Ceratoneis arcus etc.). These overlap to some extent. (ii) The proportions of certain dissolved substances in these different habitats have been to some extent investigated. They depend in part on the presence or absence of organic deposits. Apart from its probably considerable direct influence on the distribution of the algal species, organic matter is capable of ultimate oxidation with the production of

nitrates. This process is favourably affected by disturbance of the water and hence by the degree of exposure of the habitat. The algal communities are found to be related to these differing conditions. (4) Depth of water and habitat jointly. (i) The depth at which algal communities associated with organic deposits are found depends on the depths at which these deposits occur, for example at 0-3 m. on "organic" shores and at approximately 3-6 m. on "inorganic" shores. (ii) There are differences in the depth distribution of the algae developing on slides suspended at different levels near the two kinds of shores. (5) Light. (i) The diatoms whose distribution has been investigated occur at shallower levels in winter than at other times, probably owing to the lower intensity of the light in winter. These diatoms frequently show a marked decrease in numbers towards the surface. This does not apply to other classes of algae, which have not been found on slides below 7 m., although diatoms have been found in small numbers at 15 m. (ii) Examination of growth on slides suspended at some distance from the shore shows that the influence of the shore habitat ceases to be dist nguishable at 4.5 m. On the natural substrata it is still observed at 6 m. The latter is also true of the macrophytic vegetation. This suggests that light cannot be a limiting factor in the upper layers of the water, although it may become limiting at 4.5 m. on suspended slides and at 6 m. on the bottom nearer the shore. (6) Temperature. Estimations of the dry weight of the total growth on slides suggest that temperature may control the amount of production. B. Periodicity Some species of algae have a well-marked periodicity, while in others it is only slightly marked or absent. The periodical development of the different algal classes in the littoral zone is in many respects similar to that which has been established for the plankton algae, but the phenomena are less pronounced; thus certain green algae attain a maximum in winter although the bulk do so in summer, while some of the diatoms show a minimum in summer and a secondary autumn maximum. The phenomena of periodicity have been studied in relation to depth and habitat. (a) Depth. In general the algae attain their greatest depth range at the time of their maximum, although there are exceptions; thus diatoms go deepest in spring, green algae in summer, while blue-green algae show no change or are found in shallow as well as deep water in summer. On the natural substrata however, Achnanthes and Cocconeis are relatively most frequent in the deeper water in December. (b) Habitat. The periodicity of certain species (e.g. Ulothrix zonata, Gomphonema olivaceum) is to some extent modified by the habitat in which they grow. C. Origin of plankton algae Observations on the plankton algae found in the littoral show that a littoral origin is possible for most of them, but no light is thrown on the origin of some important forms. The "organic" type of shore is most prolific in plankton forms.Notes: FLA

00220477Cambridge University PressCopyright 1937 British Ecological SocietyURL: http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0022-0477%28193708%2925%3A2%3C496%3AAEATIO%3E2.0.CO%3B2-V

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 292Author: Steiner, John F.; Meloche, V. W.Year: 1935Title: A study of ligneous substances in lacustrine materialsJournal: Trans. Wisconsin Acad. Sci.Volume: 29Pages: 389-402Accession Number: AN 1936:26329Keywords: Photosynthesis (by algae at different depths); Nannoplankton; Plankton (ligneous substances in); Muds (ligneous substances in lake)Abstract: The sulfuric acid method of Sherrard and Harris (C. A. 26, 1116) for the isolation of lignin from sawdust was applied with a reasonable degree of success to the analysis of 7 lake muds, 4 net plankton, 3 nannoplankton and 4 miscellaneous lacustrine types. Because of the relatively small number of samples examined, it is not deemed likely that the methoxyl content is an index of the amount of lignin present. The range of the lacustrine lignin content of the first three types was found to be, in the order named, 4.57 to 29.67%, 8.24 to 14.51% and 3.05 to 7.75%; that of Lobelia 10.13%, of Gloeotrichia 13.58%; of Isoetes 20.09%; of moss 19.37%. It constituted 30 to 40% of the total organic matter of the lake muds, 18% of the net plankton and 10 to 20% of the nannoplankton. Data and conclusions are tentatively submitted pending the examination of a greater variety of samples and the development of a more satisfactory technic. [on SciFinder (R)]Notes: CAN 30:2632911DBiological Chemistry: BotanyJournallanguage unavailable.9005-53-2 (Lignin) (in lacustrine materials)

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 52Year: 1935Title: The Life of Flathead Lake, Montana

Journal: Ecological MonographsVolume: 5Issue: 2Pages: 93-164Date: Apr.Notes: FLA00129615The Duke University PressENCopyright 1935 The Ecological Society of AmericaURL: http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0012-9615%28193504%295%3A2%3C93%3ATLOFLM%3E2.0.CO%3B2-R

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 50Author: Lillick, Lois C.; Lee, Isabella M.Year: 1934Title: A Check-List of Ohio Algae with Additions from the Cincinnati RegionJournal: American Midland NaturalistVolume: 15Issue: 6Pages: 713-751Date: Nov.Notes: FLA00030031University of Notre DameCopyright 1934 The University of Notre DameURL: http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0003-0031%28193411%2915%3A6%3C713%3AACOOAW%3E2.0.CO%3B2-L

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 51Author: Burkholder, P. R.Year: 1934Title: Movement in the CyanophyceaeJournal: Quarterly Review of BiologyVolume: 9Issue: 4Pages: 438-459Date: Dec.Notes: FLA00335770Williams and Wilkins

Copyright 1934 The University of Chicago PressURL: http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0033-5770%28193412%299%3A4%3C438%3AMITC%3E2.0.CO%3B2-3

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 35Author: Tilden, Josephine E.Year: 1933Title: A Classification of the Algae Based on Evolutionary Development, with Special Reference to PigmentationJournal: Botanical GazetteVolume: 95Issue: 1Pages: 59-77Date: Sep.Abstract: Inasmuch as the newer technique in spectral analysis and microchemistry has not yet been extensively applied to studies of pigments and food reserves in the various algal groups, one hesitates to make categorical statements regarding these matters at the present time. While a great amount of work has been done in the past, it has been carried on for the most part by individuals interested in but a small group of algae, or in but a limited phase of the subject. There is need for comparative chemical and physiological work embracing the pigments and products of assimilation in all of the classes of algae, as well as in the higher plants. In the absence of precise knowledge it may be stated that, in the passing from one algal group to the next (plate I), with every change in the pigment content of the chromatophore there apparently has been a corresponding change in the "metabolic level" of the whole organism. Possibly this change in the chromatophore-morphological perhaps, physiological certainly-has directly or indirectly influenced the type of reserve food products that the organism is able to synthesize.Notes: FLA00068071The University of Chicago PressCopyright 1933 The University of Chicago PressURL: http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0006-8071%28193309%2995%3A1%3C59%3AACOTAB%3E2.0.CO%3B2-F

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 27Author: Moore, George T.; Carter, NellieYear: 1923Title: Algae from Lakes in the Northeastern Part of North Dakota

Journal: Annals of the Missouri Botanical GardenVolume: 10Issue: 4Pages: 393-422Date: Nov.Notes: FLA00266493Missouri Botanical GardenCopyright 1923 Missouri Botanical Garden PressURL: http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0026-6493%28192311%2910%3A4%3C393%3AAFLITN%3E2.0.CO%3B2-G

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 49Author: Fritsch, F. E.Year: 1907Title: A General Consideration of the Subaerial and Fresh-Water Algal Flora of Ceylon. A Contribution to the Study of Tropical Algal Ecology. Part I.--Subaerial Algoe and Algoe of the Inland Fresh-WatersJournal: Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Containing Papers of a Biological CharacterVolume: 79Issue: 531Pages: 197-254Date: May 9Notes: FLA09501193Harrison and SonsCopyright 1907 The Royal SocietyURL: http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0950-1193%2819070509%2979%3A531%3C197%3AAGCOTS%3E2.0.CO%3B2-I

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 48Author: Setchell, William AlbertYear: 1895Title: Notes on Some Cyanophyceae of New EnglandJournal: Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical ClubVolume: 22Issue: 10Pages: 424-431Date: Oct. 31Notes: FLA

00409618The New Era Printing CompanyCopyright 1895 Torrey Botanical SocietyURL: http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0040-9618%2818951031%2922%3A10%3C424%3ANOSCON%3E2.0.CO%3B2-2

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 47Author: Anderson, F. W.; Kelsey, F. D.Year: 1891Title: Common and Conspicuous Algae of MontanaJournal: Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical ClubVolume: 18Issue: 5Pages: 137-146Date: May 1Notes: FLA00409618Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical ClubCopyright 1891 Torrey Botanical SocietyURL: http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0040-9618%2818910501%2918%3A5%3C137%3ACACAOM%3E2.0.CO%3B2-F

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 20Author: Wolle, FrancisYear: 1877Title: Fresh Water Algae. IIJournal: Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical ClubVolume: 6Issue: 27Pages: 137-141Date: Mar.Notes: FLA00409618Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical ClubCopyright 1877 Torrey Botanical SocietyURL: http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0040-9618%28187703%296%3A27%3C137%3AFWAI%3E2.0.CO%3B2-R

Reference Type: Report

Record Number: 293Author: Wood, T. M.; Fuhrer, G. J.; Morace, J. L.Title: Relation Between Selected Water-Quality Constituents and Lake Stage in Upper Klamath and Agency Lakes, OregonType: ReportReport Number: 96-4079Accession Number: 4241451Keywords: USA, Oregon; Lake Stages; Water Level Fluctuations; Water Quality;Algal Growth; Dissolved Oxygen; Fish; Data Collections;Eutrophication; Lakes; Dams; Anthropogenic factors; Water levels;Environmental effects; Phytoplankton; Algal blooms; Poisonousorganisms; Shear stress; Phosphorus; Endemic species; Rarespecies; Freshwater fish; Nature conservation; Environmentmanagement; Aphanizomenon flos-aquae; Cyanophyta; USA, Oregon,Upper Klamath L.; USA, Oregon, Agency L.SW 2010 Control of water on the surface; Q5 01523 Conservation,wildlife management and recreationAbstract: Upper Klamath Lake is a large (140 square-mile), shallow (mean depth about 8 ft) lake in south-central Oregon that the historical record indicates has been eutrophic since its discovery by non-Native Americans. In recent decades, however, the lake has had annual occurrences of near-monoculture blooms of the blue-green alga Aphanizomenon flosaquae. In 1988 two sucker species endemic to the lake, the Lost River sucker (Deltistes luxatus) and the shortnose sucker (Chasmistes brevirostris), were listed as endangered by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and it has been proposed that the poor water quality conditions associated with extremely long and productive blooms are contributing to the decline of those species. It has also been proposed that the low lake levels made possible by the construction of a dam at the outlet from the lake in 1921 have contributed to worsening water quality through a variety of possible mechanisms (Jacob Kann, Klamath Tribes, written commun., 1995). One such mechanism would be an increase in internal phosphorus loading from resuspended sediments (Jacoby and others, 1982), resulting from an increase in bottom shear stresses at lower lake levels (Laenen and LeTourneau, 1996), leading in turn to more intense algal blooms. Another possible mechanism is an earlier triggering of algal blooms. When early spring lake levels are low, greater light intensity at the sediment surface might speed recruitment of algal cells from the sediments. Sediment recruitment has been shown to be an important contributor to water column biomass increases in A. flosaquae (Barbiero and Kann, 1994) and Gloeotrichia echinulata (Barbiero, 1993). An earlier bloom could result in poor water quality conditions occurring earlier in the year, when young-of-the-year fish may be more susceptible to those conditions. Lake level can also influence water

quality directly. An increased frequency of sediment resuspension at lower lake levels could increase chemical and biological oxygen demand, resulting in decreased dissolved oxygen concentrations. Sediment oxygen demand also may be enhanced at lower lake levels because it is concentrated over a smaller volume of water. Some compensation for increased oxygen demand at lower lake levels might be provided by increased reaeration, if the water column mixes from top to bottom more frequently. Based on the analysis of data that they have been collecting for several years, the Klamath Tribes recently recommended that the Bureau of Reclamation (Reclamation) modify the operating plan for the dam to make the minimum lake levels for the June-August period more closely resemble pre-dam conditions (Jacob Kann, written commun., 1995). The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) was asked to analyze the available data for the lake and to assess whether the evidence exists to conclude that year-to-year differences in certain lake water-quality variables are related to year-to-year differences in lake level. The results of the analysis will be used as scientific input in the process of developing an operating plan for the Link River Dam.Notes: USGS Water-Resources Investigations Report. 57 pp.Available from USGS Branch of Information Services, Box 25286, Denver, Colorado, 80225 (USA)UsgsEnglish

Reference Type: BookRecord Number: 294Author: Finke, L. R.; Seeley, H. W., Jr.Title: Investigation of nitrogen fixation by freshwater epiphytes using the acetylene reduction techniqueAccession Number: 5227373Keywords: Nitrogen cycle; Epiphytes; GloeotrichiaFreshwaterQ1 01482 Ecosystems and energeticsAbstract: The epiphytic habitat was explored for its possible significance as a locus of N Sub(2) fixing activity in freshwaters. The acetylene reduction technique was used to establish the magnitude and some characteristics of this activity as demonstrated by epiphyte communities and segments of the community. Ethylene production was detected in all plant samples taken from several lakes and ponds; a very wide range of rates was noted. Samples with highest activity were heavily colonized by the blue-green alga Gloeotrichia. Dark-incubated samples showed reduced rates of activity. However, samples collected after several hours of darkness and incubated in situ still showed significant acetylene reduction. Growth with ammonium

resulted in complete inhibition of acetylene reduction, whereas nitrate only partly lowered activity. Although Gloeotrichia and other blue-green algae appear to be the primary N Sub(2) fixers in this habitat, non-sulfur purple bacteria of very high activity are easily isolated. Results suggest that epiphytic N Sub(2) fixers may be significantly involved in N Sub(2) cycling in littoral regions of macrophyte-colonized lakes.Notes: Cornell Univ., Ithaca, NY 14850, USA75th Annual Meeting of the American Society for Microbiology, New York, NY (USA), 27 Apr 1975Summary only. Records keyed from 1975 ASFA printed journals.EnglishBook Monograph; Conference