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City Policy and Strategy Division Reference Specifications for Civil Engineering Work

S150 Roadworks

Revision 3.0 – January 2008

Amendment Register

Ed/Rev Number

Section Number Description Date

1.0 Original issue Oct 2001

2.0 7, 8, 9 & 10

Complete revision and reissue of the following sections: - Section 7 – Surface Treatments; - Section 8 – Traffic Signs; - Section 9 – Pavement Marking and; - Section 10 – Other Surface Features.

Feb 2005

2.5 8 & 9 Minor revision of typographical errors from Revision 2.0 Apr 2005

3.0

9.1 ‘Blacking out’ clearly identified as an unacceptable practice for line removal

Jan 2008

9.2

Modification in type of glass beads and anti-skid material specified. Class ‘B’ glass beads removed, Class ’C’ glass beads added, anti-skid material (crushed quartz) requirements modified

9.3 Modification and clarification of application rates for drop-on glass beads and anti-skid material, application of raised pavement markers.

9.4 Revision of road types/descriptions to align with Brisbane City Council Road Hierarchy Plan, clarification of requirements for materials on bicycle facilities.

10.0 Non-flared gating guardrail end terminals requirements modified


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TABLE OF CONTENTS

1.0 GENERAL ........................................................................................................... 1 1.1 SECTION CONTENT ......................................................................................... 1 1.2 CROSS REFERENCES ...................................................................................... 1 1.3 DEFINITIONS ................................................................................................... 1

2.0 QUALITY ............................................................................................................. 1 2.1 INSPECTION.................................................................................................... 1 2.2 SAMPLES ....................................................................................................... 2 2.3 CONTRACTOR’S SUBMISSIONS......................................................................... 2

3.0 FLEXIBLE PAVEMENT ....................................................................................... 2 3.1 MATERIALS .................................................................................................... 2 3.2 PLACING BASE AND SUB BASE ........................................................................ 3 3.3 JUNCTIONS WITH EXISTING PAVEMENTS .......................................................... 3 3.4 SUB BASE AND BASE COMPACTION ................................................................. 3 3.5 FINISHING BASE SURFACES ............................................................................ 4 3.6 TOLERANCES ................................................................................................. 4 3.7 DEGREE OF SATURATION ................................................................................ 4

4.0 ASPHALT SURFACING ...................................................................................... 5

5.0 CONCRETE KERBS & CHANNELS ................................................................... 5 5.1 GENERAL ....................................................................................................... 5 5.2 PLACING CONCRETE ....................................................................................... 6 5.3 KERB ADAPTORS ............................................................................................ 6 5.4 TOLERANCES ................................................................................................. 7

6.0 CONCRETE SLABS ........................................................................................... 8 6.1 GENERAL ....................................................................................................... 8 6.2 JOINTS ........................................................................................................... 8 6.3 TOLERANCES ................................................................................................. 8

7.0 SURFACE TREATMENTS .................................................................................. 9 7.1 GENERAL ....................................................................................................... 9 7.2 SLIP RESISTANCE ........................................................................................... 9 7.3 SKID RESISTANCE .......................................................................................... 9 7.4 COLOURED PAVEMENT TREATMENT ............................................................... 10

7.4.1 General Requirements ................................................................................. 10 7.4.2 Type 1 Treatment (Stencilled or Stamped/Imprinted Surfacing System) ..... 10 7.4.3 Type 2 Treatment (High Friction Surfacing System) .................................... 11 7.4.4 Colour ........................................................................................................... 13

8.0 TRAFFIC SIGNS ............................................................................................... 14 8.1 GENERAL REQUIREMENT .............................................................................. 14 8.2 BRISBANE CITY COUNCIL SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS ........................................ 14

8.2.1 Reference Marking ....................................................................................... 14 8.2.2 Materials ....................................................................................................... 14 8.2.3 Substrate preparation ................................................................................... 16 8.2.4 Sheeting application ..................................................................................... 17 8.2.5 Provision for mounting signs ........................................................................ 17


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8.2.6 Sign Fixing .................................................................................................... 18 8.2.7 Post Installation ............................................................................................ 18 8.2.8 Post Caps ..................................................................................................... 18 8.2.9 Redundant posts and footings ...................................................................... 19 8.2.10 Non-standard signs ...................................................................................... 19 8.2.11 Brisbane City Council Kerbside Allocation Sign Codes ............................... 19

9.0 PAVEMENT MARKING ..................................................................................... 20 9.1 GENERAL ..................................................................................................... 20 9.2 MATERIALS .................................................................................................. 20 9.3 EXECUTION .................................................................................................. 22 9.4 INSTALLATION REQUIREMENTS ...................................................................... 25

10.0 OTHER SURFACE FEATURES .......................................................................... 1


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1.0 GENERAL

1.1 SECTION CONTENT Type of asphalt surfacing; flexible sub base and base courses; roadworks surface features such as kerbs, channels, vehicular crossings and the like; surface treatments, pavement marking and traffic signs.

1.2 CROSS REFERENCES Refer to the following other Reference Specifications: S110 General Requirements: General technical requirements and interpretation of

terminologies. S120 Quality. Process control testing. S140 Earthworks: Protection of trees, protection of existing services, site clearing, bulk

earthworks, preparation of subgrade, and trenching. S200 Concrete Work: Concrete supply, placing, curing, reinforcement, in situ concrete

surfaces. S300 Quarry Products: Base and sub base material. S320 Laying of Asphalt: Placement and compaction of asphalt pavement.

1.3 DEFINITIONS Pavement: That part of the road placed above the subgrade for the support of, and to form a running surface for, vehicular traffic. The pavement comprises one or more layers of material referred to as surfacing, base course and sub base course.

Base course: That portion of the pavement immediately supporting the surfacing. It is and principally intended to directly support the traffic loads.

Sub base course: That portion of the pavement below the base course to provide additional thickness of material required above the subgrade. It is principally intended to distribute to the subgrade the loads from overlying courses.

2.0 QUALITY

2.1 INSPECTION Witness points Refer annexure. Give sufficient notice so that inspection may be made at the following stages: Bedding material prepared for kerb and channel. Placing sub base and base. Completion of each compacted layer. Surfaces prepared for priming, sealing or surfacing. At the commencement of asphalt surfacing. Pavement marking set out ready for marking.

Hold points Refer annexure. Do not proceed without approval. Give sufficient notice so that inspection may be made at the following stages: Compliance testing certificates.


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2.2 SAMPLES General Refer annexure. Submit to the testing authority samples of the following:

Each type of imported fill. Each type of excavated material, which is to be re-used for constructing flexible

pavement in the Works.

Identification Attach a tag to each sample showing relevant information including description, source and nominal size of material.

2.3 CONTRACTOR’S SUBMISSIONS Imported materials: Notify the supplier, source and description of all imported materials. Submit certification or test results, which establish the compliance of imported materials.

Recycled products: Notify the nature, source, proportions and method of incorporation of any added fillers or binders.

Sub base and base delivery: Submit a delivery docket at the time of delivery for each truckload of sub base and base material. Endorse it to show the location of the material in the Works. Information should include: Empty and loaded mass of vehicle. Date and time of dispatch. Supplier and location of mixing plant. Registration number of the vehicle. Nature of material.

3.0 FLEXIBLE PAVEMENT

3.1 MATERIALS Refer annexure.

Material properties: Refer to S300-Quarry Products.

Base course under bitumen, asphalt and pavers: Use Class 1 material. Provide a minimum 100 mm thick course for local access roads (type A and B pavements) and neighbourhood access roads (type C pavement). Provide a minimum 125 mm thick course for access/ suburban route (type D pavement) and industrial access (type E pavement).

Sub base course: Use Class 2 material (or alternatively Class 1 material) to construct a minimum 100 mm thick top layer. Use Class 3 material (or alternatively Class 2 material) to construct subsequent sub base courses as required to obtain design pavement thickness.

Unsealed roads and shoulders: Class 1 or class 2 soil aggregate.

Material maximum size: Do not use class 1 crushed rock exceeding 25 mm nominal size in base courses where surfacing is spray seal or asphalt less than 50 mm thick.

Cement treated materials (where specified): Spread cement and mix in place using approved specialised plant or mix off-site in a suitable batching plant.

Pavement widening or rehabilitation: Select paving materials to match the characteristics of the existing pavement profile. Use low or high permeable material as appropriate to minimise differential permeability.


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3.2 PLACING BASE AND SUB BASE General Material separation: Place materials of different grading or from different sources in separate layers or separate sections of the work.

Spreading: Spread material in uniform layers. Do not segregate the material.

Layer thickness: 100 - 150 mm (after compaction) to suit the construction process. Use equal layers in multi layer courses.

Moisture content of underlying layers: Adjust the surface moisture content of underlying layers to prevent new material losing moisture.

Joints Plan the spreading and delivery to minimise the number of joints. Offset joints in successive layers by at least 300 mm.

Existing road surface as subgrade Carry out minor reshaping to improve vertical alignment as directed. Do not otherwise lower or excavate the existing roadway. After final shaping of the metal box, scarify the existing pavement forming the subgrade before placement of the pavement material.

3.3 JUNCTIONS WITH EXISTING PAVEMENTS Trimming: Where the pavement is to be joined to an existing pavement, remove a strip of the existing pavement at least 300 mm wide for its full depth and trim the edge to an angle of approximately 45o in steps of maximum height 150 mm before placing new pavement material.

3.4 SUB BASE AND BASE COMPACTION Compaction Modified maximum dry density: To AS 1289.5.2.1.

Desirable minimum relative compaction: 95% of modified maximum dry density, to AS 1289.5.4.1. Refer annexure.

Conformance criteria: Refer to S120-Quality Clause 6.2.

Field dry density: To AS 1289.5.3.1, AS 1289.5.3.5 or AS 1289.5.8.1. If using AS 1289.5.8.1, calibrate the surface moisture-density gauge in accordance with AS 1289.5.8.4 before use on site.

Moisture content General: During spreading and compaction, maintain materials within the range of - 2% to + 1% from the optimum moisture content (modified compaction) appropriate to each material.

Rectification If a section of pavement material fails to meet the required conformance criteria as specified in S120 Quality Clause 6.2, remove the non-complying material, replace with new pavement material, and recompact.


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Level corrections High areas: Grade off.

Low areas: Remove to a minimum depth of 75 mm, replace with new material and recompact.

3.5 FINISHING BASE SURFACES Final trim Grade and trim the base course surface to the specified tolerances to produce a hard, dense, tightly packed surface free of lenses, compaction planes and caking.

Traffic on uncompleted work Give notice before opening the pavement to traffic before the work is completed. Provide adequate means of protection.

3.6 TOLERANCES Surface level General: Provide finished sub base and base surfaces, which are evenly graded between level points, free draining and conform to the required tolerances.

Smoothness: As normally produced by a grader blade (except for batters without topsoil).

Tolerances: The limits in the Table 3.1 apply to the finished surface unless overridden by the requirements for the finished level and thickness of the surfacing.

Table 3.1 – Tolerances

Item Level tolerance

Absolute Relative to a 3 m straightedge* Sub base + 10 mm - 30 mm 10 mm Base ± 10 mm 5 mm

* Limits to incorporate due allowance for design shape where relevant

Crossfall Measurement: Measure crossfall at sub base and base transversely to the centreline. Ensure that the two selected points are more than 2 m apart.

Requirement: Do not depart from the corresponding design crossfall by more than 0.2% absolute. Maintain positive drainage slope towards pavement drainage system.

Other ground surfaces Absolute level tolerance: ± 50 mm, provided the area matches adjacent construction.

Horizontal surfaces Absolute tolerance: ± 50 mm, except where alignment with an existing road structure is necessary. Join new construction to the existing work in a smooth manner.

3.7 DEGREE OF SATURATION General: Where directed by the Superintendent, determine degree of saturation of the pavement layer if excessive moisture content is suspected. Sources of water entry during the construction phase may include inadequate pavement surface drainage, exposure of surface to rain, pavements left primed but not sealed for extended periods, use of high moisture content for compaction, and excessive watering of the pavement.


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Test method: Determine degree of saturation in accordance with Queensland Department of Main Roads test method Q111D. Perform test within a period of 6 hours prior to the placement of the next pavement layer or surfacing.

Moisture content limits: Limit the maximum degrees of saturation to 65% for Class 1 material, and 70% for Class 2 and Class 3 materials. Where the moisture content limits are exceeded during construction, dry back pavement prior to covering with the next layer of pavement or surfacing.

4.0 ASPHALT SURFACING Use Brisbane City Council standard asphalt types in accordance with Table 4.1. Refer annexure. Table 4.1 – Mix design applications

Mix type

Nominal aggregate size Typical applications

1* 5 mm Thin wearing course, footpaths, sheet patching, and overlays in local residential streets.

2* 10 mm Surfacing course for local access roads (type A and B pavements) and neighbourhood access roads (type C pavement).

3* 18 mm

Surfacing course for district access/ suburban route (type D pavement) and industrial access (type E pavement). Surfacing and structural courses for arterial route (types F and G pavements).

4* 35 mm Unsuitable for final surfacing. Generally used as structural layers for deep lift asphaltic concrete pavements.

* Denotes dense graded asphalt

5.0 CONCRETE KERBS & CHANNELS

5.1 GENERAL Scope: Kerbs, channels, mowing strips and other linear elements.

Profile: To Standard Drawings UMS 211 and UMS 212. Refer annexure.

Hand placed (in situ) concrete: Grade N25.

Precast concrete: Grade N25.

Machine placed (slip formed or extruded) concrete: Grade S32, minimum cementitious content of the concrete is 320 kg/m3 for all roads.

Surface finish: A mortar surfacing is required on extruded work and a comparable finish required for other placing methods.

Placing and curing: The provisions of S200 Concrete Work Clause 6.0 do not apply. Provide kerbs and channels with no cracks greater than 0.3 mm wide (other than at control joints) and without impairment of slip resistance.

Excavation limit: When excavating the existing pavement to construct the kerb and channel, limit excavation to the minimum required for a mechanical compactor and kerb machine. Excavate at least 75 mm past the back of the kerb.

Pre-wetting: Wet the bedding material immediately before laying concrete without resulting in free water remaining on the surface.


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Bedding. Construct bedding from the same pavement material or approved free draining non-plastic material with permeability not less than the adjoining pavement material. Continue pavement at least 75 mm past the extremities of the kerb to ensure stability of the pavement edge. Extend bedding to the bottom of the pavement box, but the minimum bedding thickness must not be less than 75 mm.

Contraction or shrinkage control joints: Install between expansion joints at regular intervals not exceeding 4 m. Construct joints by forming grooves 40 mm deep by 6 mm wide in all exposed surfaces of the concrete kerb and channel. Provide grooves normal to the top surface and square to the alignment of the concrete kerb and channel. Where relevant, locate joints to line up with contraction joints in adjacent structures.

Expansion joints: Provide expansion joints between the concrete kerb and channel and any abutting structures (such as bridges, rigid pavements and concrete slabs), or where directed. Where relevant, locate joints to line up with the expansion joints in adjacent structures. Construct joints by installing 10 mm thick compressible packing for the full width and depth of the concrete kerb and channel. Seal surface of joint with a suitable polyurethane sealant, Thioflex 600 or equivalent.

All other requirements: To AS 2876.

5.2 PLACING CONCRETE Machine placing Slump: Use the maximum slump that will maintain shape without support immediately after laying.

Hand placing Maximum Length: No more than 20 metres in contiguous lengths (including vehicular entrances and kerb ramps).

Cast together: Cast the kerb and channel simultaneously.

5.3 KERB ADAPTORS General Standard: Comply with the relevant Standard Drawing UMS 351 or UMS 353 or UMS 354 regarding placement and shape.

Acceptable materials: Injection moulded, ultraviolet light stabilised UPVC to AS 1254. Fabricated steel galvanised to AS 4680. Ferrous hollow sections galvanised to AS 4792. Aluminium casting to AS 1874.

Installation: Saw cut opening in kerb and fix kerb adaptor flush with the top of kerb. Fill gaps on sides with materials approved by the manufacturer, for example, cement or grout or epoxy resin.

Scope of application: Use Class C (medium duty) kerb adaptor on local access and neighbourhood access roads. Use Class D (heavy duty) kerb adaptor on all the other higher order road hierarchy classification.

Location New work: Near the lower boundary of each lot, which drains towards the road, and clear of existing or planned service pits and meters.

Reconstruction: At each existing roofwater outlet.


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Testing Apparatus: A testing jig in accordance with Standard Drawing UMS 355, a hydraulic test press capable of applying a load of up to 50 kN, and a dial gauge (with extendable arm) capable of measuring permanent set and deflection to an accuracy of 0.1 mm. The load bearing block must correspond to the shape of the kerb adaptor and maintain a 10 mm clearance from the outer edge of the test specimen. For example, a 80 x 55 mm load bearing block would be appropriate in the testing of a 100 x 75 mm kerb adaptor.

Load classification: In accordance with Table 5.1.

Test loads: For rectangular opening (RO) where both sides are <240 mm, test loads are calculated to be the serviceability and ultimate design loads given in Table 5.1 multiplied by (area of the rectangular opening / 2402). For example, the Class D serviceability test load corresponding to a 80 x 55 mm load bearing block (for 100 x 75 mm kerb adaptor) is calculated as 140 x (80 x 55) / 2402 (= 10.7 kN).

Procedure: Fit appropriate attachments (side formers and base plate) to testing jig. Slide movable plate to firmly secure the kerb adaptor in the rig, then tighten nuts on movable plate. Place the testing jig assembly in the hydraulic press unit, with vertical axis of the load bearing block perpendicular to the test surface. Position dial gauge and pointer arm to record the maximum deflection at the underside of the test surface.

Acceptance criteria: Ability of test specimen to sustain the following type tests. Measurement of elastic deflection after application of load at a rate of between 2 kN/s

to 5 kN/s up to the serviceability design load. The deflection limit must not exceed 13.5 mm.

Measurement of the permanent set after five applications of load at a rate of between 2 kN/s to 5 kN/s up to the serviceability design load. Maintain design load on specimen for a minimum time of 5 seconds each time. The permanent set limit must not exceed 6.0 mm. (Note: Measurement for plastic devices may need to be recorded after 24 hours.)

Sustaining the ultimate limit state design load without collapse or other similar forms of structural failure. Apply load at a rate of between 2 kN/s to 5 kN/s up to the ultimate limit state design load. Maintain design load on specimen for a minimum time of 30 seconds.

Table 5.1 – Load classification Loading condition Class C (medium duty) Class D (heavy duty)

Application Local access and neighbourhood access roads

All other higher order road hierarchy classification

Nominal wheel load (kg) 5000 8000

Serviceability design load (kN) 100 140

Ultimate limit state design load (kN) 150 210

Note: The load classification table is generally in accordance with AS 3996 – 2004.

5.4 TOLERANCES General requirement: Channels do not pond water and the kerb line has no noticeable kinks in line or level.

Vertical alignment: ± 10 mm from the design level at any point.

Horizontal alignment: ± 25 mm from the design alignment at any point.


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Deviation from a 3 m straightedge laid in parallel to the centreline: Maximum 5 mm at any point.

Profile dimensions: The overall width does not differ by more than 15 mm and the dimension at any point does not differ by more than 5 mm.

6.0 CONCRETE SLABS

6.1 GENERAL Scope: Footpaths, bikeways, vehicular crossings, kerb ramps, median infills and other like elements.

Formwork: Provide formwork to sides, construction joints and ends. Class 3 surface finish to AS 3610.

Concrete: All concrete to be N25 grade.

Placing and curing: The provisions of S200-Concrete Work Clause 6.0 do not apply. Provide concrete with no cracks greater than 0.3 mm wide (other than in control joints) and with unimpaired slip resistance and colour uniformity.

6.2 JOINTS Spacing: Space to match service pits and other discontinuity in cross-section.

Construction joints: Locate at contraction or expansion joints.

Contraction or shrinkage control joints: Unless specified otherwise, maximum spacing in unreinforced or nominally reinforced concrete is 4 m. Use weakened plane joints to at least one-third depth and 6 mm wide. Saw cut or use crack inducers with a life of 25 years. Bolster cut joints must be to half depth and faired to surface with a radius of 5 - 6 mm. Where relevant, locate joints to line up with contraction joints in adjacent structures or edge restraints.

Expansion joints: Unless specified otherwise, the maximum spacing in un-reinforced or nominally reinforced concrete is 16 m. Provide additional expansion joints between the concrete slab and abutting edge restraints. Form joints with full depth 10 mm closed cell close linked polyethylene foam 85 – 150 kg/m3 (with 10 mm removable top section) securely taped to the end form. Seal surface of joint with a suitable polyurethane sealant, Thioflex 600 or equivalent.

6.3 TOLERANCES Pavement edges: Shape new pavement surface to match existing features such as pit covers or driveways to within 5 mm.

Absolute level tolerance: ± 25 mm.

Maximum deviation relative to a 3 m straightedge: 5 mm.

Discontinuity in pavement surface levels: For pedestrian areas 1.5 mm, for roadways 2 mm.

Maximum deviation of edge from design alignment: 25 mm.

Width: - 0 mm, + 35 mm.

Thickness: - 5 mm, + 30 mm.

Maximum deviation from a 3 m straightedge placed on vertical, or sloping surfaces required to be straight: 10 mm.

Drainage: All surfaces must be free draining.


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7.0 SURFACE TREATMENTS

7.1 GENERAL This clause applies to coloured treatments, texturing, decorative, and high friction surfacing systems on asphalt and concrete surfaces.

7.2 SLIP RESISTANCE Scope: Applies to pedestrian surfaces.

Standard: Generally to AS 4586 for new surface and AS 4663 for existing surface.

Slip resistance requirement: Maintain minimum enduring slip resistance (coefficient of friction in wet condition) values specified in Table 7.1.

Table 7.1 – Minimum enduring slip resistance values Slope of surface

S (%) Coefficient of friction(wet)*

0.4 + 0.0125S Equiv skid resistance value*

(BPN) 0 0.40 39 2 0.425 41 4 0.45 43 6 0.475 45 8 0.50 47 10 0.525 49 15 0.59 54 20 0.65 59

* As the pedestrian surface may deteriorate over time, the initial slip resistance is expected to be higher than the specified minimum enduring slip resistance value.

7.3 SKID RESISTANCE Scope: Applies to vehicular trafficked surfaces.

Definition: Skid resistance is a measure of the friction between the vehicle tyre and the paved surface. The skid resistance depends on both the micro texture of the aggregate in the surfacing, the macro texture (surface texture) of the surfacing, as well as the presence of moisture and film thickness.

Bituminous surfaces: Micro texture relates primarily to the surface texture of the individual aggregate particles, which is in turn influenced by the degree of polishing of the aggregate. The shape of and the space between the aggregate particles provides the macro texture.

Concrete surfaces: The fine aggregate particles in the mix provide the micro texture. Texturing in accordance with S200-Concrete Clause 10.1 provides the macro texture.

Portable pendulum skid resistance tests (British Pendulum): Carry out tests on wet surfaces in accordance with QDMR method Q704 or ASTME 303-69. The testing device measures the coefficient of friction between the road surface and a rubber slider, mounted on a pendulum. The skid resistance measurements are recorded as the BPN.

Requirement: The skid resistance requirement of an applied surface treatment is specified in Table 7.2. Maintain the minimum skid resistance values for the duration of the product guarantee period.


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Table 7.2 – Minimum enduring skid resistance values

Surface Treatment Type Minimum skid resistance value* (BPN)

Type 1 Treatment (See 7.4.1 & 7.4.2) 55 Type 2 Treatment (See 7.4.1 & 7.4.3) 65

* Record measurement at the end of the defects liability period (ie 12 months from the date of on maintenance acceptance). The initial skid resistance is expected to be higher than the specified minimum value to ensure achievement of the minimum enduring requirement.

7.4 COLOURED PAVEMENT TREATMENT

7.4.1 General Requirements Treatment locations: Thresholds at local traffic areas to visually enhance traffic control devices such as mini-roundabouts, diamond slow-ways, single lane angled slow-ways, approaches to intersections, and road humps (traffic calming device) and to visually enhance school zones or demarcation of parking area, bicycle lanes or bus lanes. Type 1 Treatment is generally used for these locations.

Type 2 Treatment is required for locations requiring high skid resistance. (eg accident black spots and locations with high incidence of wet weather skidding)

Visual assessment: Inspect the installed coloured treatment to assess uniformity and compliance with the minimum skid resistance requirement. Use test boards (product samples that have been tested for skid resistance and found to be satisfactory) to aid the visual assessment. Conduct visual assessment during the on maintenance inspection.

British Pendulum tests: Undertake a minimum of 2 skid resistance tests in each treatment area. Increase test frequency as required (minimum 1 test per 100 m2 or part thereof per site in the wheel path) to delineate any non-conforming areas. If required, rectify defects. Conduct tests at the end of the defects liability period (ie 12 months from the date of on maintenance acceptance).

Manufacturer’s guarantee: Minimum period of 3 years against the loss of colour, stripping and delamination, and maintaining the skid resistance characteristics specified in Clause 7.3. The product guarantee does not extend to defects arising from damage caused by settlement, subsidence or failure of the underlying stratum.

7.4.2 Type 1 Treatment (Stencilled or Stamped/Imprinted Surfacing System) General Surfacing system: Generally a proprietary treatment approved by Brisbane City Council (Approving Authority: Manager City Assets) that has been specifically developed for installation by trained personnel to produce a uniformly coloured, highly durable, and seamless surface finish of adequate skid resistance (on road surface) or slip resistance (on pedestrian surface). Refer annexure.

Approval of treatment system: Comply with one or more of the following criteria. The system has a minimum of 3 years of documented history of satisfactory

performance/trials and or usage locally or interstate. Brisbane City Council may require further trials before approval.

The system is approved by an internationally recognised body such as the HAPAS British Board of Agreement (BBA) for its intended purpose.

The system has been subjected to accelerated testings for scuffing, wear and tensile adhesion in accordance with the defined tests in TRL Report 176, Appendix G, H and J respectively (or equivalent NATA certified tests) and the results are satisfactory to Brisbane City Council.


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Surface preparation: Water blast the substrate to be treated to remove all oil, grease, dirt and anything foreign to the surface. Remove thermoplastic road markings. Treat joints and cracks in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions.

Coating system Base coat (colour required): Use base coat that is capable of filling voids in the asphalt and concrete surfaces.

Top coat (colour required): Incorporate uniformly the UV stable organic and/or metallic oxide pigments, graded aggregates, specialty resins and other additives such as wetting agents and super plasticisers.

Protective sealer: Provide protection against petroleum based fuels and oils as experienced on road surfaces.

Resin bonded aggregate system Where a resin bonded aggregate system is used as a Type 1 Treatment; Clause 7.4.3 applies except that the aggregate requirements are as follows:

Aggregates requirement: Provide aggregates that are clean, dry, hard, tough, durable, moderately sharp grains of pre-coated coloured natural stone, of uniform quality, free of dust, dirt and other deleterious matter.

Grading: Not more than 5% (by weight) is retained on a 2.36 mm A.S. sieve and not more than 5% (by weight) passes a 0.6 mm A.S. sieve.

Frictional characteristic: Achieve a Polished Aggregate Friction Value (PAFV) of not less than 60 as determined by test method AS 1141.41.

7.4.3 Type 2 Treatment (High Friction Surfacing System) General High Friction Surfacing system: Generally a proprietary anti skid and resin bonded aggregate system approved by Brisbane City Council (Approving Authority: Manager City Assets) and that has been specifically developed for installation by trained personnel to produce a textured, durable surfacing of high skid resistance. Refer annexure.

Approval of treatment system: Comply with one or more of the following criteria. The system is an approved high friction surface product/method for this application

under the HAPAS British Board of Agreement (BBA) or an equivalent internationally recognised body.

The system has been subjected to accelerated testing for scuffing, wear and tensile adhesion in accordance with the defined tests in TRL Report 176, Appendix G, H and J respectively (or equivalent NATA certified tests) in accordance with the requirements detailed in Table 7.3.


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Table 7.3 – Accelerated testings Test parameter Requirement

Scuffing (test method TRL 176 Appendix G, conducted at 45 C)

Initially Texture depth ≥ 1.4 mm

After 500 wheel passes Texture depth (mm) ≥ 1.2 mm

Erosion index ≤ 3

After heat ageing for 112 days at (70 ± 3)°C and 500 wheel passes

Texture depth (mm) ≥ 1.2 mm Erosion index ≤ 5

Wear (test method TRL 176 Appendix H)

Initially Texture depth ≥ 1.4 mm

BPN ≥ 65

After 100 000 wheel passes Texture depth ≥ 1.1 mm

Erosion index ≤ 3 BPN ≥ 65

Tensile adhesion (test method TRL 176 Appendix J)

Stress at (–10 ± 2)ºC ≥ 1.0 N/mm2

Stress at (+20 ± 2)ºC ≥ 0.5 N/mm2

Surface preparation: Treat surface vigorously by either hot chemical application or dry surface abrasive blasting (as determined by a site inspection) to remove dust laitance and other loose material. Wash and scrub the surface with a mild detergent solution to remove any remaining visible oil stains and flush with clean water. Allow surface to dry prior to surface application of the binder. Do not apply binder to surface that has been exposed to rain in the previous 48 hours when the treatment system is used in full lane/carriageway application. Suitably mask all existing utility pit covers and raised pavement markers.

Asphalt surface: Subject newly laid asphalt surface to vehicular traffic for a period of at least 6 weeks prior to surface binder application.

Resin binder General: Use a certified industrial grade thermosetting two component polymer resin binder suitably pigmented to provide the necessary depth of specified colour in the finished surface coating.

Binder properties: Maintain a maximum in service time of 4 hours at an ambient surface temperature of 20ºC upon mixing and application of binder to the pavement surface. Comply with Table 7.4 for other material properties.

Table 7.4 – Binder properties Test Parameter Requirement

Tensile adhesion (TRL 176 Appendix J) Stress at –10 ± 2ºC ≥ 1.0 N/mm2

Tensile adhesion (TRL 176 Appendix J) Stress at 20 ± 2ºC ≥ 0.5 N/mm2

Elongation at break (BS 2782) 7 days at 23ºC ≥ 30%

Tensile strength (BS 2782) 7 days at 23ºC ≥ 10.5 N/mm2

Application: Spray, brush or squeegee binder on to a dry surface at a rate to suit the surface texture and porosity. On a smooth closed textured surface the amount of binder must not be less than what is required to hold the aggregate permanently in position. Use a temperature gauge accurate to ± 2ºC to measure the temperature of the heated binder components to facilitate the mixing or spray application. Do not exceed the maximum


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temperature recommended by the manufacturer. Allow heated binders to cool prior to the application of aggregate.

Aggregates Requirement: Provide aggregates that are clean, dry, hard, tough, durable, moderately sharp grains of either natural stone or calcined bauxite, of uniform quality, free of dust, dirt and other deleterious matter.

Grading: Not more than 5% (by weight) is retained on a 3.35 mm A.S. sieve and not more than 5% (by weight) passes a 1.18 mm A.S. sieve.

Frictional characteristics: Achieve a Polished Aggregate Friction Value (PAFV) of not less than 70 as determined by test method AS 1141.41.

Application: After binder application, broadcast aggregates to cover the binder uniformly and to excess, in accordance with manufacturer’s instructions. Do not roll aggregates. Upon initial curing, remove all excess aggregates by a vacuum sweeper or equivalent means.

7.4.4 Colour General Colour: Produce surfacing colour to be an approximate match to the specified AS 2700 colour standard. Undertake assessment of colour matching in the test light booth in accordance with the procedure prescribed in AS/NZS 1580.601.1.

Local traffic area/LATM schemes Permitted colours for threshold treatments on pavement: Red of an approximate match to any of the standard colours R13 Signal red or R14 Waratah or R15 Crimson.

Permitted colours for edge strips of threshold treatments on pavement: Yellow of an approximate match to any of the standard colours Y11 Canary or Y12 Wattle or Y13 Vivid yellow or Y15 Sunflower or Y22 Custard or Y23 Buttercup.

Permitted colours at median infill: Red of an approximate match to any of the standard colours R42 Salmon pink or R43 Red dust or R52 Terracotta.

Bicycle lanes Permitted colours: Green of an approximate match to any of the standard colours G13 Emerald or G21 Jade or G27 Homebush green or G51 Spruce.

Bus lanes Permitted colours: Red of an approximate match to any of the standard colours R13 Signal red or R14 Waratah or R15 Crimson.

Decorative streetscape

Permitted colours: Do not use red or green or light shaded colours.


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8.0 TRAFFIC SIGNS

8.1 GENERAL REQUIREMENT Supply signs, poles and fitments to Queensland Department Main Roads Standard Specification MRS 11.14 Road Furniture. All signs to be manufactured in accordance with current edition of the Manual of Uniform Traffic Control Devices (MUTCD) issued by the Executive Director (Traffic and Road Use Management), Queensland Department Main Roads.

8.2 BRISBANE CITY COUNCIL SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS

8.2.1 Reference Marking All sign shall have painted, imprinted or indelibly marked in black onto the substrate on the reverse side of the sign in the lower right hand corner the following details: - the month and year of manufacture (15 mm high lettering); - The class and manufacture’s code of material used as background on the sign (codes

3M, Ni, Ki, St, Re); - an approved identification of the manufacturer's name (15 mm high lettering); - the letters “BCC” in 10-20 mm high lettering and/or Brisbane City Council corporate

logo of size 50 mm high in the format as shown in Figure 8.1.

8.2.2 Materials Sign plate For all sign types (except street name and G5.10 (“No Through Road”) signs), plates shall be manufactured from an aluminium alloy with a thickness of 1.6 mm. The aluminium alloy shall be type 5251, temper H38 as specified in AS 1734, “Aluminium and Aluminium Alloys – Flat Sheet, Coiled Sheet and Plate”.

For street name and G5.10 (“No Through Road”) signs, sign blades shall be manufactured from an aluminium alloy. Provide 3 mm thick aluminium plates with 16 mm diameter rolled edges top and bottom made of one piece. Signs to be rectangular with overall depth of 200 mm. Vary length from 500 mm to 1150 mm to suit the legend.

For parking signs, the minimum size of sign plate to be used is 225 mm x 450 mm

The sign plate shall be deburred, free of cracks, tears and other surface blemishes and the deburred edges are to be true and smooth.

Tolerances on the overall dimensions of the sign plate shall be ±5 mm.

The maximum allowable warp, twist or other departure from flatness of the sign shall be 5 mm/metre in any direction.

Figure 8.1 – Brisbane City Council Corporate Logo


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Retroreflective materials The retroreflective materials shall conform in colour to those shown in Appendix C of AS 1743-1992. The photometric performance requirements for retroreflective materials shall be in accordance with AS/NZS 1906, Part 1-1993, “Retroreflective Materials”.

All sheeting, transparent and opaque screening inks used in the manufacture of a sign shall be a fully approved product of the base sheeting manufacturer and show no loss of the colour coat with normal handling, cutting and application.

Non-reflective materials Non-reflective material used for figures, letters, symbols and borders shall be of uniform density and compatible with the background material, both in application and durability.

Non-reflective sheeting specified for backgrounds shall be of uniform density and shall be compatible with both the substrate material onto which the material is applied and with any retroreflective sheeting applied to the material

The sheeting surface shall be compatible with screening inks and show no loss of colour coat with normal handling, cutting and application.

Screening inks and electro-cut films Screening inks and electro-cut films shall be of an approved brand and compatible with the paint, non-reflective sheeting or retroreflective sheeting used. The screening ink or electro-cut film shall be applied using materials and techniques recommended by the sheeting manufacturer.

All legends, diagrams and backgrounds in the colour red are to be screened with “Traffic Sign Red” (3M Code No. 990-12- if printing on Class 2 or 3M Code No. 882 if printing on Class 1) or equivalent product recommended by the sheeting manufacturer.

Signface material requirements Signface material is to be as described in Table 8.1.

Table 8.1 – Brisbane City Council Signface Material Requirements

Sign Type and Application Minimum Class of Sign Material

Legend Background Special Requirements

Regulatory Sign STOP (R1-1) Class 1W Class 1W N/A GIVE WAY (R1-2) N-R Class 1W N/A Roundabout (R1-3) N-R Class 1W N/A Pedestrian Crossing (R3-1) N-R Class 1W YG Safety Zone (R3-2) N-R Class 1W YG SCHOOL ZONE Speed Limit (R4-Q01)

- Target Board N/A Class 1W O - SCHOOL ZONE Panel Screened Class 1W YG - Remainder of Sign Screened Class 1W N/A

Parking Regulatory Signs^ (R5 Series) - Parking Restrictions, No Stopping, No

Parking, Special Zones (Taxi, Loading, Bus, Truck, Mail, Works, Permit)

Screened Screened N/A

- Other Parking Signs (Remainder R5 Series) Screened Class 1 N/A Target Boards N-R Class 1W O All other regulatory signs Class 1 Class 1 N/A


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Sign Type and Application Minimum Class of Sign Material

Legend Background Special Requirements

Warning Signs Stop Sign Ahead (W3-1) Class 1 Class 1 N/A Roundabout Sign (W3-2) Class 1 Class 1 N/A RAILWAY CROSSING Position (W6-24) N-R Class 1 N/A (Number)…..Tracks (W7-2) N-R Class 1 N/A Pedestrian Crossing Ahead (W6-2) N-R Class 1W YG CHILDREN (W6-3) N-R Class 1W YG SCHOOL (W6-4) N-R Class 1W YG SCHOOL (Auxiliary Plate) (W8-14) N-R Class 1W YG CROSSING AHEAD (Auxiliary Plate) (W8-22) N-R Class 1W YG BUS STOP (Auxiliary Plate) (W8-Q03A) N-R Class 1W YG Warning signs for freeway applications N-R Class 1 N/A All other warning signs N-R Class 1 N/A

Guide Signs

Advance, Intersection, Reassurance Direction Signs and Advance Lane Signs Class 1 Class 1 N/A

Tourist and Service Signs Class 1 Class 1 N/A Geographical Feature and Street Name Signs N-R Class 1 N/A Freeway Signs(white on green background; black on white background; white on blue background; white on red background):

- All Applications Class 1 Class 1 N/A Traffic Instruction Signs:

- REDUCE SPEED (G9-9) Class 1 Class 1 N/A Temporary and Special Hazard Signs N-R Class 1 N/A Hazard Markers (D Series) N-R Class 1 N/A

Delineators Class 1A or Corner Cube

(Type A) N/A

Flood Gauge Markers N-R Class 1 N/A

YG = Class 1W Fluorescent Yellow-Green

O = Class 1W Fluorescent Orange

N-R = Non-reflective

N/A = No special/extra requirements

^ = Refer to “Brisbane City Council Kerbside Allocation Sign Codes” for BCC naming practice (UMS 826).

Any signs not specifically referred to in the above table are to be completed in Class 2 material.

8.2.3 Substrate preparation Before application of the retroreflective or non-reflective sheeting and after completion of sheet metal works, the aluminium sign panel shall be thoroughly cleaned and degreased


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and shall be mechanically abraded in accordance with the requirements of the sheeting manufacturer. Chemical or Acid Bath Treatment shall not be used.

8.2.4 Sheeting application Retroreflective and non-reflective sheeting shall be applied to the face of the sign blank as specified by the sheeting manufacturer.

All signs shall be finished with the appropriate class of reflective or non-reflective materials as indicated in Table 8.1. The reflective or non-reflective background shall be applied in one piece with no horizontal or vertical joins.

All letters, arrows, symbols and borders shall be applied by:- A screen printing process and/or Applying pre-cut retroreflective or non-reflective material and/or Electro-cut translucent film Screening may be accomplished either before or after application of the sheeting to the sign blank.

Reflectorised signs shall not be clear coated, except where recommended by the manufacturer of the reflective sheeting.

8.2.5 Provision for mounting signs Sign plates 400 mm or greater in depth Provide two 11 mm x 11 mm square holes punched cleanly through sign substrate 305 mm apart centred on the vertical axis.

Sign plates less than 400mm in depth Provide two 11 mm x 11 mm square holes punched cleanly through sign substrate. Holes to be located between the sign legend and border centred on the vertical axis.

Street name and no through road signs Signs to be manufactured with two 11 mm diameter holes in the vertical axis of the sign blanks. These holes shall be drilled at 117 mm centres, centred in the vertical axis and located 20 mm from the vertical edge of the plate.

Extrusions for stiffening large signs Stiffening braces are required for hazard boards, guide signs and other signs as directed. Extrusions to be Type 1, Type 2A or Modified Type 2A to Queensland Department of Main Roads Standard Drawing 1364 and are to be fixed horizontally at maximum 305 mm centres vertically up the sign.

Sign plates shall be fitted to stiffener rails by either: 4.8 to 5 mm diameter monel or stainless steel rivets; 4.0 mm blind aluminium head rivets; Self piercing riveting systems; The heads of rivets or other similar fixings shall be coloured to match the surrounding material

The maximum spacing of mechanical fixings shall be 200 mm and the distance from the first fixing to the edge of the stiffener shall be no greater than 30 mm or as specified by the suppliers of the fixing system. An additional fixing 20 mm from the first fixing shall be applied. An exception to this is the use of the “Henrob” self-piercing system, for which the maximum fixing spacing shall be 250 mm.


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Number of stiffening rails per sign size shall be at location shown in Table 8.2.

Table 8.2 – Stiffening Rail Locations

Sign Depth (mm) Minimum Number of Stiffeners

(Modular Construction) 330 to 800 2 825 to 1300 3

1325 to 1400 4 1425 to 1925 5 1950 to 2400 6 2425 to 2600 7 2625 to 3125 8 3150 to 3600 9 3625 to 3800 10 3825 to 4325 11 4350 to 4800 12 4825 to 5000 13 5025 to 5525 14 5550 to 6000 15 6025 to 6200 16 6225 to 6725 17 6725 to 7200 18 7225 to 7400 19 7425 to 7925 20 7950 to 8400 21

8.2.6 Sign Fixing Fixing Clamps Parking signs – Appleton type BR-60-A.

Street name signs – Aluminium fixing bracket AL1949, AL1950

Direction signs – 60 mm or 80 mm sign fix clamps

Other fixing methods Fixing to timber poles (electricity/utility poles) – 10 mm x 35 mm galvanised coach bolts (fix trough sign only) or 10 mm x 90 mm galvanised coach bolts (fix through sign and stiffening extrusion)

Fixing to steel poles (>80 mm, electricity/utility poles) – 13 mm wide bandit stainless steel strapping.

8.2.7 Post Installation 50 mm NB posts and standards: For normal ground conditions and no constructed surface (concrete path for example), minimum 450 mm deep post spike maybe used. Where constructed surface exists, either cleanly punch hole through surface and install in minimum 300 mm deep concrete footing or weld 100 mm x 100 mm x 10 mm flat plate to bottom of standard and use either dyna bolt or chemset type fixings to fix to surface.

8.2.8 Post Caps Plastic caps: Provide plastic post caps to all 50 mm NB posts that are below 1.8 m in height.


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Galvanised steel caps: Provide galvanised steel post caps to all posts greater than 50 mm NB and below 1.8 m in height.

Do not provide post caps to posts greater than 1.8 m in height.

8.2.9 Redundant posts and footings Redundant post footings: Posts are cut off at ground level and/or hammered below ground level and then backfilled.

8.2.10 Non-standard signs Street name signs 100 mm series ‘C’ letters with narrow spacing and 50 mm series ‘C’ numbers are to be used, except for the smaller letters in the abbreviation of Street, Road, etc. These letters are 75 mm series ‘C’. Abbreviations are to be as per Part 5 Clause 2.5 of the Manual of Uniform Traffic Control Devices. Where the length of a street name blade would exceed 1150 mm all lettering is to be reduced to 75 mm. The top of the legend shall always be positioned 5 mm from the top of the reflective sheeting whether street numbers are available or not.

The following examples of spacings are to be observed between the street name and any abbreviation which follow [such as Rd or Av etc]:

Between an E [being an upright letter on the right side], followed by an E [being an upright letter on the left face] – a spacing of 80 mm between the closest points.

Between an E [being an upright letter on the right side], followed by an A [being a right sloping letter on the left face] – a spacing of 75 mm between the closest points.

Between a V [being a right sloping letter on the right side], followed by a W [being a left sloping letter on the left side] – a spacing of 70 mm between the closest points. The same spacing would apply for an L followed by an A.

The space above the street name, the space between the name and numbers, and the space below the numbers, shall be equal. The space bar between the numbers shall have the following characteristics, and be located as follows:

Space bars shall be 4 mm high by 50 mm long.

The spacing between the numbers and the space bar shall be 50 mm.

The lettering shall not be positioned closer than 30 mm from the end of the retro reflective sheeting [not applicable to the top and bottom of the sign]. The entire wording is to be centrally positioned on the retro reflective sheeting.

No Through Road signs (G5-10) As for street name signs, 850 mm long.

8.2.11 Brisbane City Council Kerbside Allocation Sign Codes The Brisbane City Council makes departures in sign design for kerbside control signs from AS 1742 and the Manual of Uniform Traffic Control Devices. These departures are known as kerbside allocation sign codes and are detailed on UMS 826.


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9.0 PAVEMENT MARKING

9.1 GENERAL Definitions Pavement markings: Longitudinal lines and transverse markings.

Longitudinal lines: Centre lines, lane lines, edge lines, turn lines and continuity lines. Line type dimensions to comply with Brisbane City Council Drawing No. UMS 841.

Transverse markings: Transverse lines, shapes and symbols. Line type dimensions to comply with the Manual of Uniform Traffic Control Devices (Queensland Department of Main Roads) except as indicated on Brisbane City Council Drawings No. UMS 842, UMS 846, UMS 847, UMS 848 and UMS 849.

Redundant lines Unless approved otherwise, remove redundant lines only by abrasive blasting (including water blasting) or by cold planing/grinding. ‘Blacking out’ is not considered a removal method and is not to be used. Where the profiled depth exceeds 10 mm, overlay the affected area of road with a minimum thickness of bituminous surfacing appropriate to the road type prior to pavement marking.

Colour White: Equivalent to or whiter than “Y35 Off White” as defined in AS 2700.

Yellow: Equivalent to “Y14 Golden Yellow” as defined in AS 2700.

9.2 MATERIALS Paint General: Use paint suitable for application by airless spray equipment tested in accordance with AS 1580.205.4.

Water-borne road marking paint: A paint that conforms to the requirements of AS 4049.3 and has approval under Australian Paint Approval Scheme Specification number 0041/5.

Solvent-borne road marking paint: This form of road marking paint is not acceptable for use within the Brisbane City Council area.

Thermoplastic materials A material that complies with the requirements of AS 4049.2 and has approval under Australian Paint Approval Scheme Specification number 0041/5. Considered an appropriate longlife treatment.

Two-part cold applied materials A Poly Methyl Methacrylate resin based pavement marking material that complies with the requirements for colour, luminance and bead content of AS 4049.2. Considered an appropriate longlife treatment.

Pavement marking tape A pliant self adhesive polymer pavement marking tape (either temporary or permanent) suitable for application to bituminous coated, concrete or other surface as directed. Tape must be durable (suitable for external application under traffic loading and weathering conditions) and retain colourfastness.

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Reflective glass beads Requirement: Silica glass marking beads to have retroreflective properties to comply with the requirements of AS 2009.

Drop-on beads: Use Class ‘C’ intermix glass beads for all transverse markings and painted traffic islands/kerbs. Class ‘D’ large uniform sized glass beads to be used in all the longitudinal marking applications. Class ‘D’ beads to have adhesive coating to manufacturers requirements where used with longlife materials (thermoplastic and two-part cold applied materials).

Intermix beads: Use Class ‘C’ glass beads for premixing with longlife materials. Glass beads to form minimum 20% mass of total mixture for thermoplastic material.

Anti-skid material Scope of application: Apply anti-skid treatment to all transverse markings, excluding chevron markings. Apply anti-skid material to all longitudinal markings on bicycle facilities.

Anti-skid material: Crushed quartz, or other material matching or exceeding the properties of crushed quartz. The quartz must be clean, durable, non-plastic and free from adherent coatings and any foreign matter. It must be sound grained, very angular to semi angular, with particle size complying with Table 9.1 below.

Application: Apply anti-skid material either as a drop-on material to paint or sprayed, screeded or extruded longlife material or premixed in a preformed longlife material.

For white pavement markings: Use white (whiter than “Y35 Off White” as defined in AS 2700) crushed quartz.

For coloured pavement markings: Use a coloured anti-skid material that matches or exceeds the properties of crushed quartz, to match the finished colour of the marking.

Table 9.1 – Quartz size to glass bead class Glass Bead Class/Size Anti-skid Material Nominal Size

Class ‘B’ Not used Class ‘C’ 1-1.6 mm Class ‘D’ 1-2 mm

Raised retroreflective pavement markers Requirement: Provide reflective surfaces that are self-cleaning under normal traffic conditions.

Type: Type A either uni-directional or bi-directional raised retroreflective pavement markers, conforming to the requirements of AS 1906.3.

Dimension and shape: Dimensions of pavement markers to comply with AS 1906.3.

Colour in traffic situations: Uni-directional raised retroreflective pavement markers to be white, red, green or yellow as specified on the drawings. Bi-directional raised retroreflective pavement markers to be white or yellow as specified on the drawings.

Colour to indicate fire hydrant location: Uni-directional raised retroreflective pavement markers to be blue in accordance with Brisbane Water Standard Drawing Nos. 486/4/25-WB010/1 to 486/4/25-WB010/13.

Raised non-retroreflective pavement markers Type: Type B raised pavement markers, conforming to the requirements of AS 1906.3.

Dimension and shape: Circular approximately 100 mm in diameter and maximum 15 mm high, domed.

Colour: White.

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Adhesives for raised pavement markers Certification: Provide certificate from the adhesive manufacturer stating that the adhesive is appropriate for the application. Adhesives may be soft, hard or mid-range.

Soft adhesives: Single part bituminous based materials, applied by heating to high temperatures.

Hard adhesives: Hybrid cement or two-part epoxy materials mixed and applied at ambient temperatures to manufacturer requirements.

Mid-range adhesives: Two-part urethane based materials, mixed and applied at ambient temperatures to manufacturer requirements.

9.3 EXECUTION Weather conditions Rain and condensation: Do not carry out pavement markings when there is possibility of the freshly applied pavement markings becoming damaged by rain, fog, or condensation before they have dried or set.

Application temperatures: Do not install pavement markings when the atmospheric temperatures are below or likely to drop below 10°C for water-borne paint. The surface temperature must not drop below 7°C during the application of thermoplastic material.

Surface preparation Remove all dirt, loose material and other contaminants from surfaces that are to receive pavement markings. Apply pavement markings to surfaces that are clean and dry. Additionally remove all laitance and curing compound by mechanical wire brushing or abrasive blast cleaning, before the application of thermoplastic material to concrete surfaces.

Spotting Spotting: Paint 30 mm wide by 30 mm long spot.

Longitudinal lines: Carry out spotting at 5 m intervals on straight lines and a maximum of 2 m intervals on curved lines.

Transverse markings: Carry out spotting as shown on the drawings.

Tolerances: Comply with Table 9.2.

Table 9.2 – Spotting tolerances Dimension Tolerance Distance between spots ± 300 mm Lateral position of longitudinal lines:

- New construction ± 40 mm - Reseals and asphalt overlays ± 40 mm

Placement of transverse markings - New construction ± 20 mm - Reseals and asphalt overlays ± 20 mm

Applying paint Paint temperature: Do not heat above 65°C for water-borne paint.

Painting longitudinal line: Apply paint in any longitudinal line group pattern, including glass beads and anti-skid material, in one pass of the longitudinal line application machine. Apply one coat of paint to achieve wet film thickness of 500 µm ± 25 µm for painting work involving Class ‘D’ large uniform sized glass beads.

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Transverse markings: Paint using stencils, boards and hand spray equipment. Apply one coat of paint to achieve wet film thickness of 375 µm ± 25 µm.

Applying thermoplastic material Primer: Use a resinous primer when thermoplastic material is applied to concrete, smooth or polished surfaces and to any surface after grinding or removal activities. Where required by the manufacturer, apply primer to other surface types to ensure adhesion of the thermoplastic material. Apply primer to the surface immediately in advance of, but concurrent with, the application of thermoplastic material. Do not thin primer. Apply at the application rate recommended by the manufacturer.

Thermoplastic material: Apply by screeding, spraying or extrusion methods, including glass beads and anti-skid material in a single uniform layer or as preformed material. Apply to pavement at a temperature between 180°C and 200°C, unless the manufacturer recommends a different temperature. Completely coat pavement surface with thermoplastic material and fill any surface voids. Apply at a rate to achieve a thickness of 2.5 mm + 0.5 mm - 0.0 mm for longitudinal lines and transverse markings.

Applying two-part cold applied material Apply by spraying, screeding, trowelling or extrusion methods, including glass beads and anti-skid material in a single uniform layer or as preformed material. For longitudinal lines and transverse markings, apply material at a rate to achieve a final thickness of 1.0 mm + 0.5 mm - 0.0 mm for spray applications and maximum 2.5 mm ± 0.5 mm for application by screeding, trowelling or extrusion methods.

Applying drop-on glass beads Application Rate: Achieve coverage of not less than the application rates shown in Table 9.3. Application rate to be strictly adhered to unless specified otherwise.

Table 9.3 – Anti-skid material application rates Glass Bead Class/Size

Anti-skid Material Application Rate Line Application Material

Class ‘B’ Not used Class ‘C’ 325 g/m2 ± 25 g/m2 Transverse markings All Class ‘D’ 450 g/m2 ± 25 g/m2 Longitudinal markings All

Longitudinal paint application: Incorporate Class ‘D’ glass beads uniformly in all coats of paint concurrently with the application of the paint.

Transverse paint application: Apply Class ‘C’ glass beads uniformly to all coats of paint concurrently with the application of the paint. Do not use Class ‘D’ beads for this application.

Longitudinal Thermoplastic material and Two-part cold applied plastic material: Apply Class ‘D’ glass beads immediately to the surface of the fresh plastic material. Incorporate Class ‘C’ intermix beads uniformly and evenly through the thermoplastic material.

Transverse Thermoplastic material and Two-part cold applied plastic material: Apply Class ‘C’ glass beads immediately to the surface of fresh plastic material. Incorporate Class ‘C’ intermix beads uniformly and evenly through the thermoplastic material.

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Applying anti-skid material Application rate: Where an anti-skid treatment is required, achieve coverage of not less than the application rates shown in Table 9.4.

Table 9.4 – Anti-skid material application rates Glass Bead Class/Size

Anti-skid Material Application Rate Line Application Material

Class ‘B’ Not used Class ‘C’ 175 g/m2 ± 25 g/m2 Transverse markings All Class ‘D’ 250 g/m2 ± 25 g/m2 Longitudinal markings All

Waterborne paint: Incorporate anti-skid material in all coats of paint concurrently with the application of the paint.

Thermoplastic material: Apply anti-skid material immediately to the molten thermoplastic material.

Two-part cold applied material: Apply the anti-skid material immediately to the fresh plastic material.

Applying pavement marking tape Undertake surface preparation, tape installation and removal (where necessary) in accordance with the manufacturers recommendations.

Applying raised pavement markers Using soft adhesive: Place adhesive pad on road surface and heat to manufacturer/supplier requirements. Place raised pavement marker directly to heated pad.

Using hard and mid-range adhesive: Butter back of marker with prepared adhesive to manufacturer/supplier requirements. Place raised pavement marker directly to road surface. Alignment and finish Protection: Protect newly placed pavement markings from damage by traffic or other causes until the paint is dry (no pick up condition) or thermoplastic material has hardened sufficiently. Use approved traffic management procedures.

Improper markings: Remove immediately from the pavement surface any drip, overspray, improper marking, and paint and thermoplastic material tracked by traffic. Use methods that minimise damage to the pavement surface (abrasive blasting is the preferred method).

Appearance: Completed pavement markings must be uniform, have clean and well defined edges without running or deformation, and conform to the dimensions shown on the drawings.

Longitudinal lines: Lines must be straight on straight alignment and a true arc on curved alignment.

Arrows and letters: Place parallel to the centre alignment of the traffic lane.

Tolerances: Conform to the values specified in Table 9.5.

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Table 9.5 – Pavement marking tolerances Dimension Tolerance

Longitudinal lines

Width of line ± 10 mm Width of gap between adjacent lines ± 10 mm Length of line and/or gap

- New construction - Reseals and asphalt overlays

± 100 mm ± 300 mm

Lateral Placement from spotting - New construction - Reseals and asphalt overlays

± 20 mm ± 40 mm

Lateral Placement from existing line (repaints) ± 25 mm Trueness of line < 15 mm in 10 m Transverse markings Dimension of transverse markings and shapes ± 20 mm Placement from spotting ± 20 mm Placement from existing markings ± 20 mm Raised pavement markers Lateral position

- Barrier and edge line - Broken line - Flush medians

+ 25 mm, - 50 mm from longitudinal line

± 20 mm ± 20 mm

Longitudinal position - New construction - Replacement

± 100 mm ± 300 mm

9.4 INSTALLATION REQUIREMENTS Marking dimensions and layout Pavement markings (longitudinal lines, transverse lines, symbology, lettering, raised pavement markers and the like) should be installed as per Brisbane City Council Drawings No. UMS 841 to UMS 852. Where no BCC standard exists, refer to the Queensland Manual of Uniform Traffic Control Devices (MUTCD) 2003.

Road hierarchy Table 9.5 – Road Hierarchy Types and Descriptions

Hierarchy Plan Road Type Description

Local Access Routes (50kph, Including LATM schemes)

Provide for individual property access and on-carriageway parking

Neighbourhood Access Routes (50kph, Including LATM schemes)

Collect low volumes of local traffic and provide direct property access and on-carriageway parking, often a local

bus route. District Access or Suburban Routes

(Generally 50-60kph) Connect arterial routes through and around suburbs and/or

carry primarily district-based traffic

Industrial Access/CBD) Generally 50kph)

Provide for individual property access by trucks in industrial areas and link to district access routes

Arterial Routes (Generally 60kph and greater)

Provide intra-regional connections between major activity centres and residential areas of the City, also CDB

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A diagram of the road hierarchy concept plan is shown in Figure 9.1.

Colour Application White markings: The installation of standard pavement markings (longitudinal, transverse lines and symbology) shall be white for all markings, with the following exceptions;

Yellow markings: The following pavement marking types are to be completed in yellow material: “No Stopping” zones (longitudinal edge lines); Bus stopping zones; Bicycle symbols in “Bicycle Awareness Zones”; Crosshatch markings at railway crossings to Queensland Department of Main Roads

Drawing No. TC1428. Specialist pavement markings: There are special colour requirements for the installation of bus, transit and dedicated bicycle lanes, which require a coloured pavement treatment. Coloured pavement surface treatments for a local area traffic management (LATM) schemes fulfil a critical traffic function and they are to be installed or re-instated with an appropriate system. For acceptable material and colour details, refer Section 7 of this Specification.

Figure 9.1 – Road hierarchy concept plan

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Table 9.5 – Longitudinal lines material: material application requirements

Hierarchy Plan Road Type Line Type Material

Local and Neighbourhood Access Routes

(Other than LATM schemes)

All Longitudinal Lines and Bikeway Markings Waterborne paint

LATM Schemes All Longitudinal Lines Longlife material

District Access, Suburban and Arterial Routes

(Generally 60kph and greater)

Centrelines on all roads Longlife material

Lane lines on Multi-Lane roads Longlife material

Island outlines Waterborne paint

Edge lines (Non-bicycle facilities)

Longlife material

Edge lines (Bicycle facilities)

Waterborne paint/Cold Applied Plastic

Continuity lines Longlife material

Industrial Routes (Light) All Longitudinal Lines Waterborne paint

Industrial Routes (Heavy)/CBD

All Longitudinal Lines except Island outlines Longlife material

Island outlines Waterborne paint

* Continuity lines across intersections (where required) are to be completed in a longlife material.

Table 9.5 – Transverse markings (including symbology): material application requirements

Hierarchy Plan Road Type Line Type Material

Local and Neighbourhood Access Routes All Transverse Markings Longlife material

District Access, Suburban and Arterial Routes

(Generally 60kph and greater) All Transverse Markings Longlife material

Industrial Routes/CBD All Transverse Markings Longlife material

All Roads except LATM Schemes Chevron markings Waterborne paint

LATM Schemes Chevron markings Longlife material

* All transverse markings (with the exception of chevron markings) are to be treated with an anti-skid material at application.

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Symbology and markings Any symbology (other than bicycle facilities) not covered by the sections above shall be completed in waterborne paint.

Pedestrian crossings Pedestrian (“Zebra”) crossings are to be completed to Brisbane City Council Drawing No. UMS 842 in a long life material with anti-skid additives or a Type 2 Skid Resistant material as outlined in Section 7.

Bicycle facilities Any markings in or along bicycle facilities are to be completed in waterborne paint or sprayed cold applied plastic material ensuring that the finished thickness of the material does not exceed 1.0 mm + 0.5 mm -0.0mm. Hot applied thermoplastic is not to be used for these installations.

The installation of raised retroreflective pavement markers is to be avoided in bicycle areas. Where they must be used (island tails, hydrant markers and longitudinal lines on major roads), the raised retroreflective pavement markers is to be placed out of the direct bicycle wheel path.

Raised retroreflective pavement markers – longitudinal markings For longitudinal markings, raised retroreflective pavement markers are only to be used for the centreline, lane and edge line marking of District Access, Suburban and Arterial Routes. Raised retroreflective pavement markers are not to be used on any other longitudinal line marking. Raised retroreflective pavement markers to be installed on longitudinal markings as shown in to Brisbane City Council Drawing No. UMS 844.

Raised retroreflective pavement markers – island tails and medians Raised retroreflective pavement markers to be used in painted island tails and medians as shown in to Brisbane City Council Drawing No. UMS 845.

Fire hydrant markers Blue Raised retroreflective pavement markers are to be installed to mark fire hydrants as per Brisbane Water Standard Drawings No. 486/4/25-WB010/1 to 486/4/25-WB010/13.

Raised retroreflective pavement markers – other locations Raised pavement markers are not to be used on transverse markings or symbology. See bicycle requirements above.

Amend #3 – Jan 08


S150 Roadworks


10.0 OTHER SURFACE FEATURES Road edge guide posts: Comply with Standard Drawing UMS 131 and the relevant requirements of Queensland Department of Main Roads standard specification MRS 11.14 Road Furniture. Refer annexure.

Steel beam guardrail: Components and general installation to comply with the relevant requirements of Queensland Department of Main Roads standard specification MRS 11.14 Road Furniture. Testing requirements to conform to AS/NZS 3845.

Non-flared gating guardrail end terminals: Comply with Standard Drawing UMS 134, the relevant requirements of Queensland Department of Main Roads ‘Road Safety Barrier Systems & End Treatments’ Manual and requirements of US Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) NCHRP 350 Test Level 2 (TL2 – certified up to 70kph). Evidence of testing and compliance to be submitted for approval.

Energy absorbing bollard (including guardrail end terminals): Submit independent evidence of testing showing end terminal system rated to (or above) 60kph for installation in an urban environment.

Amend #3 – Jan 08

Documents

Reference Specifications for Civil Engineering Work … · Reference Specifications for Civil Engineering Work ... Revision of road types/descriptions to align with ... Reference