Reference

ReferenceSuggested ReadingOnline ResourcesProfessional OrganizationsManufacturersLegal & Ethical IssuesGlossaryCalculate the Right SPIPermissions

!

published by: HAYWOOD + SULLIVAN

Suggested Reading

All text excerpted from Make Your Scanner a Great Design and Production Tool 1995 Michael J. Sullivan

Advanced Adobe PhotoshopHayden Books, a division ofMacMillan Computer Publishing,USAISBN 1-56830-117-0

An Introduction to DigitalScanningAgfa-GevaertBelgium

Color Publishing on the Macintoshby Kim and Sunny Bakur

Designer Photoshopby Rob DayRandom House, Inc.New YorkISBN 0-679-74394-4

Four Colors/One Imageby Mathias Nyman

Halftone Effectsby Peter Bridgewater andGerald Woods

Imaging Essentialsby Luanne Seymour Cohen,Russell Brown andTanya WendlingAdobe PressMountain View, California

Make Your Scanner a GreatDesign & Production Toolby Michael J. SullivanNorth Light BooksISBN: 0-89134-617-1

Production Essentialsby Diane Tapscott, Lisa Jeans,Pat Soberanis, Rita Amladi andJim RyanAdobe PressMountain View, CaliforniaISBN 1-56830-124-3

Real World Scanning andHalftonesby David Blatner and Steve Roth

Super Scanning Techniques :The Hewlett-Packard Guide toBlack-and-White Imagingby Jerry B. DayRandom House ElectronicPublicationISBN: 0-67975-157-2

The Color Macby Marc D. Miller andRandy Zaucha

The Color Resource CompleteColor Guideby Miles Southworth, ThadMcIlroy and Donna Southworth

The Color Scanner Bookby Stephen Beale andJames CavuotoMicro PublicationISBN: 0-94184-511-7

The Complete Scanner Handbookfor Desktop Publishing, 1991-1992Macintosh Editionby David D. BuschBusiness One Irwin ComputerPublicationISBN: 1-55623-576-3

The Official Adobe PhotoshopHandbookby David Biedny, Bert Monroy andMark Siprut

The Photoshop Wow! Bookby Linnea Dayton and Jack DavisPeachpit Press, Inc.Berkley, CaliforniaISBN 1-56609-004-0

On-line Resources

DPI Electronic Imaging SystemsDPI Electronic Imaging Systems is offering, to the Internet and the entireon-line community, 24 hour a day, 7 day a week access to the latestinformation about desktop flatbed color scanners. DPI Electronic Imag-ing Systems is on the forefront of scanning technology, and is the prouddeveloper of the Art-Scan Professional scanning software.

Michael J. Sullivans Scanning Tips WebsiteMr. Sullivans online scanning tips resource is available to anyone with amodem and access to the Internet. Winner of Publish Magazines BestWebsite Design for the January 1996 Design Annual issue.

Manufacturers Websites:

Adobe Systems Inc. http://www.adobe.com/

Agfa http://www.agfa.com

Agfa, Bayer Corporation http://www.agfahome.com

ANA Tech Homepage http://www.emporiumone.com/anatech/

Apple Computer http://www.apple.com/

APS Technologies http://www.apstech.com

Cytopia Software http://www.cytopia.com/

DayStar Digital http://www.daystar.com/

Eastman Kodak http://www.kodak.com/

Electronics For Imaging http://www.efi.com/

Fractal Design Corporation http://www.fractal.com/

Hewlett Packard http://www.hp.com

IMACON ApS. http://www.imacon.dk

LaCie http://www.lacie.com/

LightSource http://www.ls.com

Logitech http://www.logitech.com/

MetaTools, Inc. http://www.hsc.com

Microtek Lab, Inc. http://www.mteklab.com

Polaroid http://www.polaroid.com

Ray Dream, Inc. http://www.raydream.com

Ron Scott, Inc. http://www.qfx.com

UMAX http://www.umax.com

VisionShape http://www.techexpo.com/WWW/visionshape

WacomTechnology Corporation http://www.wacom.com


Professional Organizations/Services

American Institue of Graphic Artists (AIGA)New York, NY 10010(212) 242-6438The oldest professional organization in the USA dedicated to graphic designissues. Local chapters available throughout the country put on an assort-ment of lectures/classes/events.

The Color Center8 Oak Park Drive, Bedford, MA 01730(800) 229-0007Basic and advanced training in popular desktop publishing applicationsand processes. Cities serviced include: Boston, New York, Chicago, LosAngeles, San Fransico, Atlanta and Washington DC.

The Graphic Arts Technical Foundation (GATF)Pittsburgh, PA(800) 214-1120 (412) 621-6941GATF publishes a list of post-secondary printing and graphic arts pro-grams offered at U.S. institutions.

International Prepress AssociationEdina, Minnesota(612) 896-1908Training and referrals for prepress.

Association for Graphics Arts TrainingNashville, Tennessee(615) 386-6124Training and referrals for the graphic arts.

ColorExpert Inc.Toronto, Canada(416) 540-3894Represented by Image Club at:(800) 387-9193Produces a series of interactive CD-ROM training programs covering allmanner of color imaging topics.

United Digital ArtistsNew York, New York(212) 777-7200http://www.uda.com

Basic and advanced training in popular desktop publishing applicationsand processes. Classes take place at the Apple Market Center on the29th floor of the Citibank building..


Manufacturers Scanning-Specific Software Other Related Software Digital Cameras Other Related Hardware

Flatbed Scanners High-end Scanners Transparency Scanners Specialty Scanners

Scanning-Specific Software

Agfa Division Bayer Corporation200 Ballardvale, Wilmington, MA 01887-1069(800) 685-4271, (800) 343-1237, fax: (508) 658-4193FotoTune Agfas color management system includes over 100ColorTag profiles for various scanners, monitors, and printers, an IT8color reference target, and calibration software. Macintosh & Windows

FotoLook Extended Fototune support for Agfa scanners.

Cytopia Software1735 E. Bayshore Road, Suite 30B, Redwood City, CA 94063(415) 948-0396, fax: (415) 364-4592PhotoLab Set of integrated photographic plug-ins for Photoshop.Includes Accurate Color Negative Inversal and others.

ScanPrepPro Totally automated image processing, scanner auto-mation, descreening plug-in for Photoshop.

Envisions Solutions Technology, Inc.47400 Seabridge Drive, Fremont, CA 94538(800) 365-7226, fax: (510) 438-6709DynaScan 3.0 Produces sharp, balanced scans automatically,32-bit code, zoomable preview windows, more precise color controls,and automatic image recognition. Macintosh, Power Macintoshand Windows

Extensis Corporation55 S.W. Yamhill Street, Fourth Floor, Portland, OR 97204(503) 274-2020, fax: (503) 274-0530Intellihance An intelligent tool that optimizes your photo images ina single step and is compatible with other applications that use AdobePhotoshop plug-ins.

Jetsoft Development Company629 Old State Route 74, Suite #1, Cincinnati, OH 45244(800) 374-7401, fax: (513) 528-8670Art-Scan Professional Powerful, easy-to-use third-party scanningsoftware for a wide variety of desktop scanners. A great way to breathelife into your old scanner. Macintosh & Windows

LightSource17 East Sir Francis Drake Boulevard, Suite 100, Larkspur, CA 94939(415) 925-4200, fax: (415) 461-801Ofoto Automated scanning environment for popular desktop scanners.Macintosh and Windows

Monaco Systems, Inc.100 Burtt Road, Suite 110, Andover, MA 01810(508) 749-9944, fax: (508) 749-9977MonacoCOLOR Color correction, color separation software;Photoshop plug-in; IT8 targets for accurate scanner calibration; selectivecolor correction; automatic image enhancement.

MonacoMATCH Scan-to-print calibration; includes XRite DTP 51;ICC (ColorSync) compatible.MonacoEXPERT Selective color correction; Photoshop plug-in.

PixelCraft, Inc.A Xerox Company, 130 Doolittle Drive, #19, San Leandro, CA 94577(800) 933-0330, (510) 562-2480, fax: (510) 562-6451QuickScan Image Acquisition Software Stand-alone scanningsoftware for high-end scanners. Supports: Sharp, PixelCraft, Xerox, andothers. Macintosh and Windows

ColorAcess Color Production Software High-end image cor-rection and prepress tool for Macintosh and Power Macintosh.

Second Glance Software7248 Sunset Avenue N.E., Bremerton, WA 98311(306) 692-3694, fax: (500) [email protected]

ScanTastic ps (for the Macintosh) ScanTastic provides directscanner access from within Photoshop. Available versions include sup-port for selected scanners from Apple, Epson, and Hewlett Packard.ScanTastic ps features a unique Icon Bar that provides a simple methodfor users to choose a resolution based on output requirements. Otherfunctions include a live, zoomable, resizable preview that automaticallyrescans, automatic image balance, tone curves, sharpening, saturationcorrection, and variable depth support.

Southwest Software, Inc.3435 Greystone Drive, Suite 104, Austin, TX 78731(512) 345-2493, fax: (512) 345-2697Color Encore Calibration software for desktop color scanners; forcolor laser copiers RIP based output calibration.

Color Encore ILS/QC RIP based imagesetter output calibration.

RIP Master II Production control software for imagesetting.

Proofcheck Calibration and quality control software foroff-press proofers.

Digital Press Correction For imagesetters and platesetters, sto-chastic screening, direct imaging, direct to plate, multiple presses.


Manufacturers Scanning-Specific Software Other Related Software Digital Cameras Other Related Hardware



Other Related Software

Adobe Systems Inc.1585 Charleston Road, Mountain View, CA 94043(415) 961-4400, (800) 833-6687Adobe Photoshop The defacto-standard image manipulationsoftware. Macintosh and Windows

Adobe Streamline A robust, stand-alone autotracing tool.Macintosh and Windows

Adobe Photo Deluxe Entry-level image manipulation softwarebased on Adobes Photoshop engine. Macintosh and Windows

Apple Computer Inc.1 Infinite Loop, Cupertino, CA 95014(800) 776-2333, (408) 996-1010, fax: (408) 974-8932PhotoFlash Image access, correction, and management tool. Macintosh.

QuickTime Core system image, video, and sound technology.Macintosh and Windows

QuickDraw GX Core system graphics toolbox technology. Macintosh

ColorSync Core system color management technology. Macintosh

Caere Corporation100 Cooper Court, Los Gatos, CA 95030(800) 535-7226, (408) 395-7000, fax: (408) 354-2743OmniPage Pro 6.0 Optical character recognition (OCR) softwarethat converts documents into editable text, eliminating the need to retypeinformation. Macintosh and Windows

Canto Software330 Townsend Street, Suite 212, San Francisco, CA 94107(415) 905-0300, fax: (415) [email protected],[email protected]

Cirrus 2.1 Scriptable image editing, color correction, color managementand scanning support for many popular desktop scanners. Macintosh

DayStar Digital5556 Atlanta Highway, Flowery Branch, GA 30542(800) 962-2077PhotoMatic Photoshop plug-in that automates repetitive tasks usinga macro recording technology.

ColorMatch Color management system that includes monitor cali-bration, Kodak device profiles, color correction, CMYK preview andsupport for Photoshop, Quark XPress and PageMaker. Optional 8-bitcolor Colorimeter. Macintosh

Eastman Kodak CompanyDiams 2/5, State 901 Elmgrove Road, Rochester, NY 14653(800) 242-2424, (716) 726-9488, fax: (716) 726-9460Kodak PhotoCD Access Stand-alone PhotoCD image captureapplication. Macintosh and Windows

Electronics For Imaging2855 Campus Drive, San Mateo, CA 94403(415) 286-8600EfiColor Works A complete color management system, includingtargets, profiles, profile editor, QuarkXTensions and Photoshop plug in.

Fractal Design Corporation335 Spreckels Drive, Aptos, CA 95003(408) 688-8800, fax: (685) 685-8528Fractal Design Painter Natural-media paint and image editingprogram for the Macintosh and Windows platforms.

Fractal Design Poser The remarkable 3-D human-figure creationreference tool.

MetaTools, Inc.6303 Carpinteria Avenue, Carpinteria, CA 93013(805) 566-6220, fax: (805) [email protected]

Kais Power Tools Incredible plug-in special effects (gradients,textures, fractals, spheres, animation) for Photoshop and other plug-in com-patible products. Macintosh, Power Macintosh, Windows and Windows 95

KPT Vector Effects Powerful, vector-based plug-ins for Illustratorand FreeHand. Macintosh and Power Macintosh

KPT Convolver Creative and corrective custom filter generator forPhotoshop and other plug-in compatible products. Macintosh, PowerMacintosh, Windows, Windows NT and Windows 95

KPT Bryce Stand alone 3D landscape generator. Macintosh andPower Macintosh

KPT Power Photos High-resolution, royalty-free photographs onCD-ROM. Macintosh and Windows

Pre-Press Technologies2443 Impala Drive, Carlsbad, CA 92008(619) 931-2695SpectrePlug-In Color Correction Plug-in utility for Photoshopthat allows selective color correction.

Ray Dream, Inc.1804 N. Shoreline Boulevard, Mountain View, CA 94043(800) 846-0111, (415) 960-0768JAG II & JAG for Windows Jaggies Are Gone! Patented anti-alaising technique eliminates the jaggies in bitmap images and animationsthrough resolution boosting and antialiasing. Macintosh and Windows

Ray Dream Studio Cutting edge 3D illustration and animation forWindows 95, NT, 3.1. Macintosh and Power Macintosh

Ron Scott, Inc.1000 Jackson Boulevard, Houston, TX 77006(713) 529-5868, fax: (713) 529-937071147,[email protected]

QFX for Windows 95 and Windows NT The ultimate image-editing software for Intel, DEC Alpha and NEC MIPS graphics systems.

Digital Cameras

Apple Computer Inc.1 Infinite Loop, Cupertino, CA 95014(800) 538-9696, (408) 996-1010, fax: (408) 974-8932QuickTake 150 Lightweight, portable digital color camera, 24-bit color,640 x 480 optical resolution, Apple PhotoFlash. Macintosh and Windows

Chinon1065 Bristol Road, Mountainside, NJ 07092(800) 932-0374, fax: (908) 654-6656ES-3000 24-bit color, 3 selectable resolution modes, 640 x 480optical resolution. Macintosh and Windows

Eastman Kodak CompanyDiams 2/5, State 901 Elmgrove Road, Rochester, NY 14653(800) 242-2424, (716) 726-9488, fax: (716) 726-9460Professional DCS 460 36-bit color, 2036 x 3060 optical resolu-tion, uses Nikon body w/ PCMCIA card. Macintosh and Windows

Professional DCS 420 36-bit color, 1012 x 1524 optical resolu-tion, uses Nikon body w/ PCMCIA card. Macintosh and Windows

Digtial Science DC40 24-bit color, 768 x 504 optical resolution,PictureWorks PhotoEnhancer. Macintosh and Windows

Leaf Systems Inc.a Scitex Company, 8 Technology Drive, Westborough, MA 01581(508) 836-5500, fax: (508) 836-5588Lumina Unique, midlevel, 30-bit color, lens mounted, 3600 lineresolution, scanner/camera. Macintosh and Windows

Leaf Digital Back High-end, 24-bit color, 2000 x 2000 pixel,digital back for Hasselblad and Mamiya studio cameras. Macintosh

Logitech.

6505 Kaiser Drive, Fremont, CA 94555(800) 231-7717, (510) 795-8500FotoMan Pixtura 24-bit color, 768 x 512 optical resolution, Pic-ture Works PhotoEnhancer. Windows

Polaroid565 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA 02139(617) 386-2000, fax: (386)-3584PDC-2000 Featuring a "megapixel" sensor based on Polaroid'simaging science technology, the sleek PDC-2000 captures sharp, vibrant,24-bit color digital images that can be easily transferred to any computeror printed at a resolution level as high as 1600 x 1200 pixels. Macintoshand Windows

Manufacturers Flatbed Scanners High-end Scanners Transparency Scanners Specialty Scanners

Scanning-Specific Software Other Related Software Digital Cameras Other Related Hardware





Other Related Hardware

APS Technologies6131 Deramus, Kansas City, MO 64120(816) 483-1600SCSI Sentry Active termination for SCSI chains eliminates SCSIelectrical problems for any SCSI-equipped computer.

Lasergraphics, Inc.20 Ada, Irvine, CA 92718(800) 727-2655LFR Mark III Midlevel, 8000 line resolution slide recorder.Macintosh and Windows

LightSource17 East Sir Francis Drake Boulevard, Suite 100, Larkspur, CA 94939(415) 925-4200, fax: (415) 461-801Colortron Affordable, accurate and easy-to-use color spectropho-tometer, densitometer and monitor calibrator. Macintosh

WacomTechnology Corporation501 SE Columbia Shores Boulevard, Suite 300, Vancouver, WA 98661(206) 750-8882ArtPad II Graphics Tablet Entry level graphics tablet in 4" x 5" size.

ARTZ II Graphics Tablets Professional graphics tablets availablein 6" x 8", 12" x 12", 12" x 18" and 18" x 25" for Macintosh, PC,SGI. 6" x 8" also comes in ADB port version for the Macintosh.



Flatbed Scanners

A4Tech (USA) Corporation717 Brea Canyon, Suite 12, Walnut, CA 91789(909) 468-0071AF-2400c Entry-level, 8.5" x 14", 24-bit color, 600 x 1200-spi,flatbed scanner. Optional transparency adapter. Macintosh and Windows

AF-1200T 24-bit color, 300 x 600 spi, flatbed scanner, 8.5" x 14". Windows

AF-1200C 24-bit color, 300 x 600-spi, flatbed scanner, 8.5" x 14". Windows

Agfa Division Bayer Corporation200 Ballardvale Street, Wilmington, MA 01887-1069(800) 685-4271, (508) 658-5600, fax: (508) 658-4193Agfa StudioScan II Si New low-cost color flatbed scanner in-tended for the corporate small office/home office. Features batch scan-ning, 8.5" x 14", 400 x 800-spi, electronic sharpening, descreening andtone correction during the scanning process. Optional transparencyadapter. Macintosh and Windows

Agfa Arcus II Midlevel, 8 1/3" x 14", one-pass, 36-bit color, 600 x1200-spi, flatbed scanner. Scans both reflective and transmisive. Featuresbatch scanning. Dynamic range of 3.0D. Macintosh, Windows and UNIX

Agfa DuoScan Midlevel 8" x 14", 36-bit color, 1000 x 2000-spi.Scans both reflective and transmisive. Dynamic range 3.3D. Featuresbatch scanning. Macintosh, Windows and UNIX

Apple Computer Inc.1 Infinite Loop, Cupertino, CA 95014(800) 776-2333, (408) 996-1010, fax: (408) 974-8932Apple One Scanner Entry-level, 8.5 "x 14", grayscale, 300 x 600-spi,flatbed scanner. Includes Ofoto. Macintosh and Windows

Apple Color One Scanner Entry-level, 8.5" x 14", 8-bit color,300 x 600-spi, flatbed scanner. Includes Ofoto. Macintoshand Windows

Canon Computer Systems, Inc.2995 Redhill Avenue, Costa Mesa, CA 92626-5048(800) 848-4123, (714) 438-3000, fax: (714) 438-3795IX-4015 Entry-level, 8.5" x 11", one-pass, 24-bit color, 400 x 800-spi,flatbed scanner. Optional automatic document feeder. Includes Ofoto.Macintosh and Windows

IX-4025 Flatbed scanner, 24-bit color, 300 x 600-spi. Optional auto-matic document feeder. Includes Ofoto 2.0. Macintosh and Windows

DPI Electronic Imaging Systems629 Old State Route 74, Suite 1, Cincinnati, OH 45244(800) 597-3837, (513) 528-8668, fax: (513) [email protected]

ArtGetter Mid-level, 8.5" x 11", three-pass, 30-bit color,600 x 1200-spi, flatbed scanner. OEM version of the Umax 1200S.Macintosh and Windows

Envisions Solutions Technology47400 Seabridge Drive, Fremont, CA 94538(800) 365-7226, (510) 661-4300, fax: (510) [email protected]

8800S Single-pass, 8.5" x 11", 24-bit color, 400 x 800-spi, flatbedscanner. Optional transparency adapter. Macintosh and Windows

4e Single-pass, 8.5" x 11", 24-bit color, 300 x 600-spi, flatbed scan-ner. Optional transparency adapter. Macintosh and Windows

24-Pro Entry-level, three-pass, 8.5" x 11", 24-bit color, 600 x 1200-spi,flatbed scanner. Optional transparency adapter. Macintosh and Windows

Epson America, Inc.20770 Madrona Avenue, P.O. Box 2903, Torrance, CA 90509(800) 922-8911, (310) 782-0770, fax: (310) [email protected]

ActionScanning System II Entry-level, 8.5" x 11.7", one-passand three-pass, 24-bit color, 300 x 600-spi (optical) flatbed scanner. Textenhancement technology improves OCR accuracy. Includes imagingediting and OCR software and all drivers and cables. Macintosh andPC versions

ES-1000C Business, productivity and low-cost, 8.5" x 11", one-passand three-pass, 30-bit color, 400 x 800-spi (optical) flatbed scanner. Textenhancement technology improves OCR accuracy. Bidirectional paralleland SCSI ports for easy sharing. Includes Photoshop 3.0 LE and XeroxTextbridge OCR, and all drivers and cables. Optional transparency andsheet feed adapters. Macintosh and PC versions

ES-1200C Midlevel graphics, 8.5" x 11", one-pass and three-pass,30-bit color, 600 x 1200-spi (optical) flatbed scanner. Bidirectionalparallel and SCSI ports for easy sharing. Includes full version Photoshop3.0 and Kais Power Tools, and all cables and drivers. Optional transpar-ency unit and sheet feeder. Macintosh and PC versions

Personal Document Station /PDS Entry level, business card tolegal size, 8-bit gray scale, 400 x 800-spi optical sheet fed scanner. Textenhancement technology for more accurate OCR and Auto Area Segmenta-tion for scanning pictures and text together. Includes Xerox Personal Docu-ment Management Suite and all cables and drivers. Macintosh and PC

Fujitsu Computer Products of America, Inc.2904 Orchard Parkway, San Jose, CA 95134-2009(800) 626-4686, fax: (408) 894-1706ScanPartner 10 Entry-level, 8.5" x 14", one-pass, 8-bit grayscale,300 x 600-spi, flatbed scanner. Optional automatic document feeder.Macintosh and Windows

ScanPartner 10C Entry-level, 8.5" x 14", one-pass, 24-bit color,300 x 600-spi, flatbed scanner. Optional automatic document feeder.Macintosh and Windows

Hewlett-Packard CompanyP.O. Box 58059, MS511L-SJ, Santa Clara, CA 95051-8059(800) 722-6538ScanJet 4c 8.5" x 14", one-pass, 30-bit color internal, 600-spioptical. Optional transparency adapter and automatic document feeder.Includes HP DeskScan II, Visioneer PaperPort paper-management soft-ware, Adobe Photoshop LE (Macintosh), Corel PHOTO-PAINT 5 (PC),Caere Omni-Page Limited Edition OCR, HP ScanJet copy utility. SCSIcable and SCSI adapter for the PC. Macintosh and Windows

KYE International Corp.2605 E. Cedar Street, Ontario, CA 91761-8511(800) 456-7593, (909) 923-3510, fax: (909) 923-1469Genius Color Page-ISP PRO 24-bit color, single pass, 300 x 600-spi, flatbed scanner, 8.5" x 13.5", optional transparency media adaptorTMA-SP and document feeder ADF-1. Windows

LaCie Limited8700 SW Creekside Place, Beaverton, OR 97008(800) 999-0143, (503) 520-9000Silverscanner II Entry-level, 8.5" x 11", one-pass, 24-bit color,400 x 800-spi, flatbed scanner. Optional transparency adapter. Macintoshand Windows


...continues



Flatbed Scanners ...continued

Microtek Lab, Inc.3715 Doolittle Drive, Redondo Beach, CA 90278(800) 654-4160, (310) 297-5000fax: (310) 297-5050, fax back: (310) 297-5101ScanMaker III 36-bit single-pass color flatbed scanner.600 x 1200-spi (optical), 4800 x 4800-spi interpolated. 8.3" x 13.5" scanframe. 3.4 optical density. Transparency adapter included; Auto Docu-ment Feeder optional. Adobe Photoshop full version; Microtek DCRcolor calibration system; Caere OCR and Microtek ScanWizard scannercontroller with functions for advanced image enhancement. Windows 95and Power Macintosh

ScanMaker E6 30-bit single-pass color flatbed scanner. 600 x1200-spi (optical), 2400 x 2400-spi interpolated. 8.5" x 13" scan frame.3.0 optical density. Included; Transparent Media Adaptor and AutomaticDocument Feeder. Standard Package: Microtek ImageStar II or ULeadPhoto Impact image-editing (PC); MicroFrontier Color It! (Mac). ProPackage: Adobe Photoshop full version (PC); Live Picture 2.1 full ver-sion (Mac). Caere OCR software and Microtek ScanWizard scannercontroller with advanced image enhancement functions included in allpackages. Windows 95 and Power Macintosh

ScanMaker E3 24-bit single-pass color flatbed scanner.300 x 600-spi (optical), 8.5" x 11.67" scan frame. Options include Trans-parent Media Adapter and Automatic Document Feeder. MicrotekImageStar II (PC); MicroFrontier Color It! (Mac); Caere OCR softwareand Microtek ScanWizard scanner controller with functions for advancedimage enhancement. Windows 95 and Power Macintosh

Mirror5198 W. 76th Street, Edine, MN 55439(800) 654-5294, (612) 832-5406Mirror 800 Plus Entry-level, 8.5 " x 14", three-pass, 24-bit color,400 x 800-spi, flatbed scanner. Optional transparency adapter. IncludesAdobe Photoshop. Macintosh and Windows

Nikon Electronic Imaging1300 Walt Whitman Road, Melville, NY 11747(800) 526-4566, (516) 547-4355, fax: (516) 547-0305AX 1200 ScanTouch Entry-level, 30-bit color, low-cost, flatbedscanner. Macintosh and Windows

Panasonic1 Panasonic Way, Secaucus, NJ 07094(708) 468-4308, (800) 742-8086FX-RS308Ci Entry-level, 600 x 600-spi, 8.5" x 14", one-pass, 24-bitcolor, flatbed scanner. Includes Adobe Photoshop LE for Windows.

Relisys919 Hanson Court, Milpitas, CA 95035(800) 945-0900RELI 9624 8 1/3" x 11.7", one-pass, 24-bit color, cold-scan,2400 x 600-spi, flatbed scanner with built-in transparency adapter.Optional automatic document feeder. Macintosh and Windows

RELI 4816 8.5" x 14", one-pass, 24-bit color, cold-scan,1600 x 400-spi, flatbed scanner with built-in transparency adapter.Optional automatic document feeder. Macintosh and Windows

RELI 2412 8.5" x 14", one-pass, 24-bit color, cold-scan,1200 x 300-spi, flatbed scanner with built-in transparency adapter.Optional automatic document feeder. Macintosh and Windows

Ricoh Corporation Peripheral Products Division3001 Orchard Parkway, San Jose, CA 95134-2088(800) 955-3453, (408) 432-8800, fax: (408) 432-9266FS2 8.3" x 14", one-pass, 30-bit color, 600 x 1200-spi, flatbed scanner.Optional transparency adapter. Macintosh and Windows

CS-300 Large scan area, 24-bit color, 300 x 600-spi, desktop flatbedscanner. Macintosh and Windows

Sharp Electronic CorporationSharp Plaza, Box F1, Mahwah, NJ 07430-2135(800) 237-4277 #3, fax: (201) 529-9637JX 610 High-level, 11" x 17", one-pass, 3-lamp, 36-bit color, 600 x 600-spi, flatbed scanner. Optional transparency adapter. Macintosh and Windows

Spark International, Inc.P.O. Box 314, Glenview, IL 60025(708) 998-6640, fax: (708) 998-8840Spectrum Scan III 8.5" x 11", one-pass 24-bit color, 600 x 1200-spi,flatbed scanner with integrated transparency adapter optional automaticdocument feeder. Macintosh and Windows

Spectrum III+ Scanner 8.5" x 11", 30-bit input, 24-bit output. (allother features same as Spectrum III, above).

Umax Technologies, Inc.3353 Gateway Boulevard, Fremont, CA 94538(800) 562-0311, (510) 651-8883, fax: (510) 651-8834Vista-T630 Soho Duo 24-bit color, 300 x 600-spi, 8.5" x 11.7",flatbed scanner. Macintosh and Windows (in 1 box)Vista-S6 Pro 2 24-bit color, 300 x 600-spi, 8.5" x 11.7", flatbedscanner. Macintosh and Windows

Vista-S6 LE2 24-bit color, 300 x 600-spi, 8.5" x 11.7", flatbed scanner.Macintosh and Windows

Vista-S8 LE2 24-bit color, 400 x 800-spi, 8.5" x 11.7", flatbed scanner.Macintosh and Windows

Vista-S8 Pro 2 24-bit color, 400 x 800-spi, 8.5" x 11.7", flatbedscanner. Macintosh and Windows

Vista-S12 LE2 24-bit color, 600 x 1200-spi, 8.5" x 11.7", flatbedscanner. Macintosh and Windows

Vista-S12 Pro2 33-bit color equivalent, 24-bit color output,600 x 1200-spi, 8.5" x 11.7", flatbed scanner. Macintosh and Windows

Gemini D-16 LE2 - 30-bit color, 400 x 800-spi, 800 x 1600-spi duallens, 8.5" x 11.7", flatbed scanner. Macintosh and Windows

Gemini D-16 Pro2 30-bit color, 400 x 800-spi, 800 x 1600-spi duallens, 8.5" x 11.7", flatbed scanner. Macintosh and Windows

Mirage D-16L Pro2 30-bit color, 400 x 800-spi, 800 x 1600-spidual lens, 12" x 17", flatbed scanner. Macintosh and Windows

Mirage D-16L Metatools 30-bit color, 400 x 800-spi,800 x 1600-spi dual lens, 12" x 17", flatbed scanner. Macintoshand Windows





High-end Scanners

ANA Tech HomepageANA Tech an Intergraph Division, designs, manufactures and mar-kets both color and monochrome large format production scanners to awide spectrum of market segments. In addition to its strong presence inthe traditional A/E/C markets, the company has also gained momentumin the mapping/GIS, CAD/CAM, utilities, transportation and governmentindustries, as those areas increasingly commit to electronic documentmanagement.

Eagle SLI 3840 monochrome scanner provides 400-dpi real resolu-tion in a high speed desktop model. It features a scan width of 38 inchesand 1 to 800-dpi variable scan resolution, plus 256 levels of grayscaledata. The scanner uses a new technology image sensor that allows face-up scanning of documents. The Eagle SLI 3840 scans an E/A0 size docu-ment at 200-dpi in only 15 seconds flat.

Eagle 3640C color scanner, priced for affordability in both worksta-tion and high-end PC markets, concurrently scans, classifies, compressesand saves to disk original color documents up to 41 inches wide, maxi-mum scan width 36 inches, with a realscan resolution of 400-dpi.

Eagle 3640 monochrome scanner, offering true 400-dpi and inter-polated 800-dpi resolutions, is designed for document managementapplications in manufacturing, design engineering, A/E/C and govern-ment markets, among others. It additionally offers 8-bit grayscale, 256levels of grayscale data and advanced CCD data capture.

Eagle 4080C color scanner, priced at less than half the cost ofdrum-type scanners, concurrently scans, classifies, compresses and savesto disk original color documents up to 41 inches wide, maximum scanwidth 40 inches, with a real scan resolution of 800-dpi.

Eagle 4080ET monochrome scanner offers a real scan resolution of800-dpi and an interpolated resolution up to 1600-dpi to users in the GIS/mapping markets. It additionally offers 8-bit grayscale, 256 levels ofgrayscale data and advanced CCD data capture.

Agfa Division Bayer Corporation200 Ballardvale Street, Wilmington, MA 01887-1069(800) 685-4271, (508) 658-5600, fax: (508) 658-4193Agfa Horizon Ultra High-end, 11.7" x 16.5", three-pass, 36-bitcolor, 1200 x 2000-spi flatbed scanner. Scans both reflective and trans-missive. Dynamic range of 3.2D with 3.4Dmax. Features batch scanning.Macintosh, Windows and UNIX

Agfa SelectScan Plus High end 8" x 10" transmisive, 8" x 11"reflective, single pass. Captures data at 16-bits per color, outputs 39-bitRGB, 400 x 8000-spi. Dynamic range of 3.7D with 4.0D max. Scansboth reflective and tranmissive. Features batch scanning. Macintosh

Envisions Solutions Technology, Inc.47400 Seabridge Drive, Fremont CA 94538(800) 365-7226, fax: (510) 438-67094cx High-end single pass, 32-bit color, 8-bit gray scale, 600 x 1200-spi,8.5" x 11". When used with Envisions Dynascan 3.0 Twain software willscan at resolutions up to 9600-spi. Macintosh and Windows

Howtek, Inc.21 Park Avenue, Hudson, NH 03051(603) 882-5200, fax: (603) 880-3843Scanmaster 7500 Pro High-end, high resolution, large format,production oriented, multiplatform drum scanner.

Scanmaster 4500 Trade shop color quality, precise reproductions,easy to use multiplatform drum scanner.

Scanmaster 2500 Large format, high density, wide dynamic range,tri-linear CCD array, multiplatform flatbed scanner.

ICG North America113 Main Street, Hackenstown, NJ 07840(908) 813-3101, fax: (908) [email protected]

Telesto 4" x 5" digital camera system

308i Callisto 308i desktop scanner 10.5" x 12.5" format, 32-bit color,4,000-spi. Macintosh

330i deskslide vertical scanner, 9.5" x 18.5".

Camino slimline vertical scanner, 12.7" x 18.7", 36-bit color,4,000-spi. Macintosh

350i vertical scanner, 12.5" x 18.7", 36-bit color, 4,000-spi. Macintosh

355i vertical scanner, 12.5" x 18.7", 36-bit color, 4,000-spi. Macintosh

Each ICG input product operates through ICG ScanXact color software.ScanXact provides high-end control functionality, 2 second artificial intelli-gence copy setup, and mixed media batch scanning. The same interface isused on all products, making movement from one device to another possiblewith minimal training. ICG vertical scanners feature QuickMount copyloading which brings flatbed ease of use to high quality drum scanning.

Imacon ApS.26 Hejrevej, SK-2400 Copenhagen NV, Denmark+45 38 88 4050, fax: +45 38 88 40 52

Flextight High-end desktop scanner for professional Postscriptenvironments, 42-bit color, 4,800-spi, Trans - 35mm- 4 x 5, Refex,32 x 22 cm. Macintosh and Windows

Imapro Corporation2400 St. Laurent Boulevard, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1G 5A4(613) 738-3000, fax: (613) 738-5038QCS-3200 High-end desktop CCD flatbed with transparency adapter,35-bit color, 3200 x 1500-spi, 11" x 17". Imapro Winscan (PC) orPhotoshop plug-in (Macintosh).

Optronicsan Intergraph Division, 7 Stuart Road, Chelmsford, MA 01824(800) 331-7568, (508) 256-4511, fax: (508) [email protected]

Optronics ColorGetter 3 Turbo Desktop Drum Scanners

Incomparable but low-cost, 8,128-dpi, 1200 RPM drum speed, highestquality available.

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High-end Scanners ...continued

PixelCraft, Inc.A Xerox Company, 130 Doolittle Drive, #19, San Leandro, CA 94577(800) 933-0330, (510) 562-2480, fax: (510) 562-6451Pro Imager 8100 Unparalleled value in productivity, quality andcost-effectiveness. The fastest full-size reflective scanner on the market isnow even faster with exceptionally clean shadow detail and optimumtonal range for scanning reflective originals. And, QuickScans produc-tivity features, such as batch scanning, zoom preview and auto-highlightand shadow selection ensure the maximum return on you reflective scan-ner investment. Macintosh and Windows

Pro Imager 8200 Unparalleled value in productivity, quality andcost-effectiveness and the additional capability of transparency scanning,built-in. With all of the performance features of the Pro Imager 8100, thePro Imager 8200 scans transparent originals up to 8" x 10". And,QuickScans productivity features, such as batch scanning, zoom previewand auto-highlight and shadow selection ensure the maximum return onyour multi-purpose scanner investment. Macintosh and Windows

Pro Imager 7000 Large format, high-productivity, grayscale,line art and 24-bit color image production system. Includes QuickScanand ColorAccess.

ScanView, Inc.330A Hatch Drive, Foster City, CA 94404(415) 378-6360, fax: (415) 378-6368ScanMate Plus II Desktop-drum scanner, 8.5" x 11", 36-bit color,2,600-spi. Macintosh and Windows

ScanMate Magic Desktop Drum, 36-bit color, 2,000-spi, 8.5" x 11.5".Macintosh and Windows

ScanMate 3000 Desktop Drum, 36-bit color, 3,000-spi, 8.5" x 11.5".Macintosh and Windows

ScanMate 4000 Desktop Drum, 36-bit color, 4,000-spi, 8 3/4" x 12".Macintosh and Windows

ScanMate 5000 Desktop Drum, 36-bit color 5,000-spi, 8 3/4" x 12".Macintosh and Windows

ScanMate 11000 Desktop Drum, 42-bit color, 11,000-spi, 8 3/4" x 12".Macintosh and Windows

Screen USA5110 Tollview Drive, Rolling Meadows, IL 60008(708) 870-7400, fax: (708) 870-0149FT-S700 Small format, high resolution, CCD scanner for Macintosh.

DT-S 1030AI Small format (10" x 12"), high resolution, desktopdrum scanner for Macintosh and Windows.

DT-S1045AI Large format (12" x 17"), high resolution, digital drumscanner for Macintosh.

Vision Shape1434 West Taft Avenue, Orange, CA 92665(800) 962-3585, (714) 282-2668, fax: (714) 282-2673VS-1251 B&W check scanner. 200, 240 & 300-spi, GPIB (serial/video, like Fujitsu and Bell & Howell), 5" x 5" up to 11" x 17". WindowsB-1000 Gray scale, 100 & 200-spi. Windows

VS-1000 2-bit, B&W check scanner. 200, 240, 300 & 400-spi, GPIB(serial/video, like Fujitsu and Bell & Howell), 8.5" x 14". WindowsVS-2500 Duplex 2-bit, B&W check, scanner. 200, 240 & 300-spi,GPIB (serial/video, like Fujitsu and Bell & Howell), 5" x 5" up to11" x 17". Windows



Manufacturers





Transparency Scanners

Eastman Kodak CompanyDiams 2/5, State 901 Elmgrove Road, Rochester, NY 14653(800) 242-2424, (716) 726-9488, fax: (716) 726-9460RFS 2035 Plus Up to 2000, line resolution, 36-bit color, 35mm slidescanner. Macintosh and Windows

RFS 3570 Up to 2000 ppi, 36-bit color, 35mm slide scanner.Macintosh and Windows

Leaf Systems Inc.,a Scitex Company, 8 Technology Drive, Westborough, MA 01581(508) 836-5500, fax: (508) 836-5588Leafscan 35 High-end, 42-bit color, 4000 line resolution, 35mmfilm scanner. Macintosh and Windows

Leafscan 45 High-end, 42-bit color, 4000 line resolution, multi-format, film scanner. Macintosh and Windows

Microtek Lab, Inc.3715 Doolittle Drive, Redondo Beach, CA 90278(800) 654-4160, (310) 297-5000, fax: (310) 297-5050ScanMaker 35t 24-bit three-pass film scanner. 1,828-spi (optical);interpolated 3,656-dpi (Mac)/7312-dpi (PC). 36 x 36mm maximum scanarea. Advanced image enhancement. Adobe Photoshop LE (Mac) orMicrotek PhotoStar (PC); Microtek ScanWizard scanner controller.Windows 95 and Power Macintosh

Minolta Corporation101 Williams Drive, Ramsey, NJ 07446(201) 825-4000 x 5308, fax: (201) 825-0282QuickScan 35 Entry-level, 30-bit color, 2,820-spi, 35mm filmscanner. Macintosh and Windows

Nikon Electronic Imaging1300 Walt Whitman Road, Melville, NY 11747(800) 526-4566, (516) 547-4355, fax: (516) 547-0305Nikon LS 3510 AF Midlevel, 36-bit color, autofocus, 3600 lineresolution, slide scanner. Macintosh and Windows

Nikon CoolScan II entry-level, 24-bit color, low-cost,1850 line resolution, slide scanner. Macintosh and Windows

Nikon SuperCoolScan Midlevel, 36-bit color, low-cost,1850 line resolution, slide scanner with optional batch operation.Macintosh and Windows

Polaroid565 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA 02139(617) 386-2000, fax: (386)-3584SprintScan 35 Midlevel, 30-bit color, 2700 line resolution, 35mmfilm scanner. Macintosh and Windows

SprintScan 45 Midlevel, 36-bit color, 4000 line resolution, multi-format transparency scanner. Macintosh and Windows



Logitech6505 Kaiser Drive, Fremont, CA 94555(800) 231-7717, (510) 795-8500, fax: (510) 713-5034ScanMan Color 24-bit color, 100 to 400-spi, hand-held scannerwith 4" wide scanning area. Windows

PageScan Color 24-bit color, sheet-fed scanner with flatbed versa-tility. Bidirectional parallel port interface. Windows

Microtek3715 Doolittle Drive, Redondo Beach, CA 90278(800) 654-4160, (310) 297-5000, fax: (310) 297-5050PageWiz Single-pass personal scanner; 300-dpi, 16 shades of gray.Scan, fax, OCR, e-mail, print, annotation, document storage and retrievalfunctions. Parallel port interface. Optional 10-page sheet feeder. Dimen-sions 11 x 4.3 x 2.2 (lxwxh); 2.4 lbs. Caere OmniPage Direct LimitedEdition; PageSuite scanner software; Quick Panel utility. Windows 95

Panasonic1 Panasonic Way, Secaucus, NJ 07094(708) 468-4308, (800) 742-8086KV-SS50/55 High performance 40 ppm scanners, letter size, 200-dpi, CCD image sensor. Duplex scanning capabilities (KV-SS55 SCSI).100 page automatic document feeder, flexible document handling - businesscard to legal. Up to 300-dpi scanning resolution.

Polaroid565 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA 02139(617) 386-2000, fax: (386)-3584Print-to-Press Unique 4" x 6" hardware/software scanning solutionfor time-sensitive catalog and studio production environments. Optimizedfor Polaroid professional films. Macintosh and Windows

PhotoPad 4" x 6" sheet-fed, 24-bit color, 400-spi, Parallel. Windows

CS-500 PtP 4" x 6" sheet-fed, 24-bit color, 500-spi. Macintosh

Umax Technologies, Inc.3353 Gateway Boulevard, Fremont, CA 94538(800) 562-0311, (510) 651-8883, fax: (510) 651-8834BizCard Reader Small, inexpensive, parallel port-driven, businesscard scanner for Macintosh and Windows.

Page Office Duo Sheet-fed, 8-bit gray scale, 300-spi, 8.5" x 14".Macintosh Windows (in 1 box)

VisionShape1434 West Taft Avenue, Orange, CA 92665(714) 282-2668, fax: (714) [email protected]

VS-1000E 40 page/min. simplex scanner, size 8.5" x 11" to 14", 200to 400-spi, straight paper path, with built-in automatic document feeder.Video RS232 interface with Dunord, Kofax, Xionics and all Fujitsucompatible boards, includes a double feed detector.

SS-1000E-D/K Package of VS-1000E scanner with Dunord orKofax interface card and AutoScan scanning software, on Windowsplatform (Dunord requires Pentium).VS-1251E 40 page/min. simplex scanner, size 5" x 5" up to 11" x 17",200 to 300-spi, straight paper path, with built-in automatic documentfeeder. Video RS232 interface with Dunord, Kofax, Xionics and allFujitsu compatible boards, includes a double feed detector.SS-1251E-D/K Package of VS-1251E scanner with Dunord or Kofaxinterface card and AutoScan scanning Software, on Windows platform(Dunord requires Pentium).VS-2500D Duplex scanner, 38 pages and 76 images per minutescanner. Designed for volume production of thousands of documents perday. Includes scanner, compression cards, scanning software (PentiumPC optional).B-1000 Two-sided 25 page/min. check scanner, gray scale, 100 to200-spi, reads both images and MICR line. Windows

Specialty Scanners

A4 Tech (USA) Corp.717 Brea Canyon, Suite 12, Walnut, CA 91789(909) 468-0071AG-800 Hand-held scanner, Gray scale (64 levels), 400-spi, 4.1 x11.4. Windows

PRO-800 Hand-held scanner, 24-bit color, 400-spi, 4.1 x 11.4. Windows

Caere Corporation100 Cooper Court, Los Gatos, CA 95030(800) 535-7226, (408) 395-7000, fax: (408) 354-2743Omniscan 24-bit color, 400-spi, hand-held scanner with 4" widescanning area. Macintosh and Windows

CalComp Inc.2411 West La Palma Avenue, P.O. Box 3250, Anaheim, CA 92803-3250(800) 932-1212, (714) 821-2000, fax: (714) 821-2832ScanPlus III 300, ScanPlus III 600, ScanPlus 800 andScanPlus III 1000 (300, 600, 800 and 1,000 dots per inch respec-tively), one-pass scanning, low-cost, high-volume, 256 levels of grayscale, 25 to 1,000-spi, images up to 36-inches wide, CalScan software.Macintosh and Windows

Envisions Solutions Technology, Inc.47400 Seabridge Drive, Fremont, CA 94538(800) 365-7226, fax: (510) 438-6709ENVColor 24-bit color, 400-spi, hand-held scanner with 4" widescanning area. Macintosh and Windows

PV100 24-bit color, 300-spi, one-pass sheet-fed, 8.5" x 14".Macintosh and Windows

Fujitsu Computer Products of America, Inc.2904 Orchard Parkway, San Jose, CA 95134-2009(800) 626-4686, fax: (408) 894-1706Scan Partner Jr. 256 grayscale, 300 x 600-spi, sheet-fed scanner,8.5" x 14". Macintosh and Windows

Hewlett-Packard CompanyP.O. Box 58059, MS511L-SJ, Santa Clara, CA 95051-8059(800) 722-6538ScanJet 4s 8.5" x 30", one-pass, 4-bit grayscale, 200-spi (400-dpienhanced), sheet-fed scanner. Includes Visioneer PaperPort paper-man-agement software with integrated OCR, AC adapter and serial cable.Macintosh and Windows

I.R.I.S. USA1600 NW Boca Raton Boulveard, Suite 20, Boca Raton, FL 33432(407) 395-7831, fax: (407) 347-6267IRISPen Line scanner, built-in OCR in 11 languages. Omnifonttechnology coupled with a powerful learning module. Character sizefrom 8 to 22 points, line length up to 11" per scan, 300-spi. Serial/paral-lel connection. Macintosh and Windows

Leaf Systems Inc.a Scitex Company, 8 Technology Drive, Westborough, MA 01581(508) 836-5500, fax: (508) 836-5588Lumina Unique, midlevel, 30-bit color, lens mounted, 3600 lineresolution, scanner/camera. Macintosh and Windows


Legal & Ethical Issues

Scanning an image which somebody else has created is, by legal defini-tion, reproducing an image an act that requires the granting of repro-duction rights from the images owner. Once the image is scanned, digi-tally altering it is creating, by legal definition, a derivative work. Creatinga derivative work requires permission from the owner of the original whothen grants adaption rights.

There are a host of issues surrounding what images can and cannot le-gally be used for scanning purposes. Knowing these issues could preventyou from facing a lawsuit. There are, in fact, several different laws whichmay cumulatively or separately apply to an image that you intend toscan. They are:

Copyright

Moral Rights

Trademark

Trade secret

Copyright

The most widely used, and misunderstood, law regarding the use of imagesis the copyright. Under current U.S. law, an image doesnt have to have acopyright notice (i.e. the symbol) to be protected by copyright.The idea of a copyright is to give an artist exclusive rights to profit froma work that he or she created for a set period of time. After the term hasexpired, the copyrighted work automatically falls into the public domain.Thus, the public has a right to use a work once the original artist has beengiven fair chance to make money from it.

Images created prior to 1978 become public domain twenty-eight yearsafter their creation, unless their copyright has been renewed, which en-titles them to an additional forty-seven years of protection. Images cre-ated on or after January 1, since 1978, are covered under copyright pro-tection until seventy-five years after their creation. Unpublished worksare protected for fifty years after a copyright holders death.

Using an image, including scanning it, without a license from the copy-right owner is an infringement of the copyright. Infringers may be suedby the copyright owner or heirs for damages, legal fees and more.

Whats Copyright Free?

Clip Art Images You can scan any clip art images that are clearlymarked as copyright free images.

Old Images Basically anything seventy-five years old or more (i.e.,28 + 47) is safe to scan, although other protection may apply. Imagestwenty-eight years old or older may also be useable, but you shouldfirst determine if a copyright extension was applied for before you scansuch an image.

Public Domain Any image that has been deliberately given to thepublic is OK to use. The problem is determining what images qualify.Note that most NASA images are available to the public, with propercredit, since your tax dollars paid for them. But the problem is that ifyou scan a NASA image from a magazine or book you may beviolating that publishers copyright since they may have enhanced theoriginal image in ways that you are unaware of.

Moral Rights

A new twist to the copyright law is the passage of the Visual ArtistsRights Act of 1990. In effect, this law gives an artist the right to claimauthorship of a work, the right to prevent associating an artist with awork that artist didnt create, and the right to prevent any intentionaldistortion or modification of a work. Using such protection, artists mayprevent you from changing, in any way, a scan of their work, even if thatwork is in the public domain. Thus, if you photograph an artists paint-ing, scan it, and modify it in an image manipulation program, then youmay be violating the artists moral rights. Again, if it isnt yours, getpermission first.

Trademarks

You should also be aware of another legal protection device the trade-mark. Corporate logos are usually protected under trademark law andshouldnt be scanned or used without permission. Watch out for familiargraphics or characters Snoopy, Dilbert, Mickey Mouse and Opus are alltrademarked, and using their images, even innocently, can be hazardous toyour pocketbook. Some trademark holders are particularly litigious.

Trade Secrets

Trade secrets protection offer perpetual protection as long as the informa-tion being copied remains a secret. Copying plans, drawings, diagrams,lists, documents and even certain photographs that belong to a corpora-tion may expose you to a lawsuit especially if you move to anothercorporation and bring those copies with you. Your former employer canenjoin you from going to work with a competitor, especially if yousigned a nondisclosure agreement.

Ethics

Perhaps most important of all are ethical considerations. To be fair, youshould always attempt to get permission to use someone elses image.You might be surprised you may get to use it for free if your cause isgood and the originator feels sympathetic. On the other hand, if you aremaking beaucoup bucks on a project, then it is reasonable to expect toshare some of the proceeds with others.

For many people, taking pictures, producing art and creating illustrationsis their only means of earning a living. Additionally, an entire industry ofsupport people from photo labs to artist's reps to publishers dependon the work that photographers, artists and illustrators create. This com-munity is damaged each time someone makes a copy of something thatbelongs to someone else. It is up to you to respect the work of otherswhen scanning, as much as you expect others to respect your own.

How to Protect Your Own Images From Plagiarism

Your work is your copyrighted material and it doesnt necessarily have tobe registered with the Copyright Office to be protected under copyrightlaws. Significantly altering or modifying a scanned public domain imagequalifies as a new, derivative work and is automatically protected. Allpictorial, graphic and three-dimensional artwork can be copyrighted. You candiscourage others from plagiarizing your work or otherwise profiting from itby including a copyright (such as your name, year) on your original.To register your work, contact the Federal Copyright Office, Library ofCongress, LM 455, Washington DC 20559, phone (202) 707-3000. Youcan request a number of publications prepared by the Copyright Office.Circular 1 is Copyright Basics, Circular 2 lists all other publications.Circulars 22 and 23 cover searching Copyright Office records to deter-mine the copyright status and/or ownership of a work.


Who owns this image?

...continues

For More Information

American Society of Media Photographers14 Washington Road, Suite 502, Princeton Junction, NJ 08550(609) 799-8330The society offers a several pertinant publications: Membership Directory($18.00), Copyright Guide for Photographers ($5.00), and Stock Photogra-phy Handbook ($29.95), which includes a list of stock picture agencies.Graphic Artists Guild11 West 20th Street, New York, NY(212) 463-7730The Graphic Artists Guild offers a number of publications, includingEthical Guide to Graphic Design and Illustration Services ($29.95)The Guild is a strong advocate for the rights of visual artists.

Picture Research: A Practical Guide ($37.95)by John Schultz and Barbara Schultzpublished by Van Nostrand Reinhold7625 Empire Drive, Florence, KY 41042(800) 842-3636Covering the background and techniques of aquiring reproduction rightsand researching ownership for photographs and other pictures, thishighly-recommended book includes chapters on copyright law as well aselectronic publishing.

The Art Law Primer: A Manual for Visual Artists ($9.95)by Linda F. Pinkerton and John T. Guardalabenepublished by Lyons & Burford31 W. 21st Street, New York, NY 10010(212) 620-9580An introduction to all sorts of legal areas that photographers and other visualartists are likely to encounter, including an excellent chapter on copyright.

Copyright Office of the Library of Congress, LM 455, Library of Con-gress, Washington DC, 20559 (202) 707-9100Legal Guide for the Visual Artist ($19.95)by Tad Crawford, published by Allworth Pressdistributed by F&W Publications1507 Dana Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45207(513) 531-2690This is an introduction to all sorts of legal areas that photographers, illustra-tors and other visual artists are likely to encounter. Includes examples oflegal contracts and provides an excellent overview on copyright.

Multimedia: Law & Practice ($125.80)by Michael D. Scott, published by Prentice Hall Law & Business270 Sylvan Avenue, Englewood Cliffs, NJ 07632(800) 223-0231 (1993)An excellent, easy-to-read survey of the legal issues involved in usingmaterial for multimedia in regard to copyrights, moral rights, trademarksand patent law.

Legal & Ethical Issues ...continued


Glossary

A/D converter Analog-to-digital converter. An electronic devicethat converts an analog signal, such as that generated by a CCD, intodigital information.additive primaries Another name for Red, Green, and Blue. Calledadditive because when all three are combined they create pure white.aliasing See jaggiesanalog Continuously variable signals or data, as opposed to digital.bit Binary digit. The basic unit of information that all computers useto manipulate data. The value of a bit (0 or 1) represents a two-waychoice, such as yes/no, on/off, or black/white.bit depth The amount of tone data per sample expressed in numberof bits. Typical bit depths are 1 (for line art), 8 (for grayscale), and 24(for color images).bitmap Originally a term used to describe a memory model whereeach bit in screen memory was mapped to a corresponding screenpixel, hence the term bit-mapped. Today it is used universally to describeall manner of pixel oriented displays, from 1-bit (true bitmapped) tograyscale (8-bits per pixel) to full color (16 or 24-bits per pixel).black point See shadow pointbrightness The intensity of light reflected from a print, transmittedby a transparency, or emitted by a pixel.byte A computer term equal to 256 levels of information (28). Also,the number of bits used to represent a character. 1 byte equals 8-bits. Astandard unit of measure for file size. See kilobyte, megabyte, gigabyte,and terabyteCCD Charged-Coupled Device. A light-sensitive electronic device thatemits an electrical signal proportional to the amount of light striking it.Used in scanners and video cameras.CIE Commission Internationale de lEclairage. An international stan-dards committee that defined the de facto standard color model used inall color management systems.

CD-ROM Compact Disc Read-Only Memory. A CD-ROM drive usesthe CD (compact disc) format as a computer storage medium. One CDcan store approximately 640 megabytes of data and other mixed mediaon a disc about the size of a traditional 51/4" floppy disk.channel Analogous to a plate in the printing process, a channel is thefoundation of a computer image. Some image types have only one chan-nel, while others have several, with up to sixteen channels.

CMS Color Management System. A comprehensive hardware/soft-ware solution for maintaining color fidelity of an image from scanner tomonitor to printer.

CMYK Cyan, Magenta, Yellow, blacK. The subtractive primary colorsplus black, also known as process colors, used in color printing.See subtractive primaries

color cast The effect of one color dominating the overall look of animage. Often caused by improper exposure, wrong film type, or unusuallighting conditions when shooting the original image. In scanning, alsocaused by the sometimes unpredictable interaction between an image anda scanner.

color separation An image that has been converted or separatedfrom RGB into the four process colors. See CMYKcompression Algorithms used to create smaller file sizes of storedimages. There are two kinds of compression: lossless and lossycontrast The difference in brightness between the lightest and dark-est tones in an image. Also, a steep region in a tone curve.

crop To permanently discard unwanted information in the perimeterarea of an image.

DCS Desktop color separation. A five-file EPS file format consistingof four high-resolution color separations and a fifth position-only file forplacement within documents.decompression The opposite of compression. Decompressedimages are as big as and have the same resolution as the original imagebefore compression.default The settings in a computer program that takes effect if nochanges are made.density The measure of light blocking (in the case of transparencies)or absorption (in the case of prints), expressed logarithmically. Typicalslides have a density of 3.0 while typical prints have a density of 2.0.descreening The technique of eliminating moir patterns when scanning.digital Discrete data made up of steps or levels as opposed to analog.dithering A technique of using patterns of dots or pixels to createthe effect of an intermediate tonal value.Dmax The maximum density in an image. See shadow pointDmin The minimum density in an image. See white pointdot gain The effect of ink spread and absorption into paper duringprinting resulting in darker tones, especially midtones.DPI Dots Per Inch. A measure of the output resolution produced bylaser printers or imagesetters. See LPI

driver A small software module that contains specific informationneeded by an application to control or drive a peripheral such as amonitor, scanner or printer.

drum scanner A high-end scanning device, utilizing PMT techno-logy, used to digitize prints, transparencies and artwork.EPS Encapsulated PostScript. A subset of the PostScript page de-scription language that allows any single-page artwork, be it line art orimage data, to be saved and placed into any other EPS-compatible docu-ment. See PostScriptEPS 5 Another term for DCSexposure Defines the overall brightness of an image resulting froma combination of time and intensity of light allowed to the film.file A named collection of binary information stored as an apparentunit on a secondary storage medium such as a computer disk drive.film recorder A device that renders digital data onto analog film.Typical film sizes are 35mm and 4" x 5".flatbed scanner A popular type of desktop scanner so called be-cause of its glass platen, or bed, upon which originals are placed to bescanned.FPO For Position Only. Typically a low-resolution image positionedin a document only to be replaced later with a higher resolution versionof the same image.

frame grabber A device that captures and digitizes a single frameof a video sequence. Typical resolution is 640 x 480 samples.gamma correction the measure of contrast that results in lighten-ing or darkening the midtone regions of an image. Also, the amount bywhich midtones need to be adjusted on a monitor.gigabyte Equivalent to exactly 1,073,741,824 bytes of information (230).grayscale A continuous tone image made up of a number of shadesof gray. See monochrome

halftone A technique of converting a continuous-tone (grayscale)image into variable-sized spots representing the individual tones of theimage.

halo A consequence of using too high a setting of radius in unsharpmasking. The effect is one of a light region surrounding the perimeter ofa darker region.hard disk A secondary storage medium for computer files. A placeto store your scanned images.high key An image that is primarily composed of light tones.highlight The lightest desireable tone in an image. The tonal valuein an image above which all tones are rendered pure white. See dmin andwhite pointhistogram A graphic representation of the number of samples cor-responding to each tone in an image. See tone curvehue The main differentiating attribute of a color. The wavelength oflight which represents a color.

icon In a graphical user interface, an on-screen symbol that repre-sents a program file or computer function.

imagesetter A high-end device for taking rasterized data (See RIP)and exposing film used for printing processes.interpolation The technique of estimating the tonal value that liesbetween two known tone samples. Used for enlarging an existing image.Also used when capturing an image during the scanning process toachieve higher than optical resolution.

inverting Creating a negative of an image.IT8 An industry standard color reference target used to calibratescanners and printers. Many color management systems use IT8 targets.jaggies The pixelated or stairstep appearance of low-resolutioncomputer-generated images.JPEG Joint Photographic Experts Group. An industry standard lossyform of compression for image data. JPEG offers one of the best com-pression schemes available.kilobyte Equivalent to exactly 1,024 bytes of information (210).

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laser printer A printing device using electrostatic toner to create animage derived from page description information.line art Images comprised of only pure black-and-white data. Also amode of capturing such images.lossless A technique of compressing an image without loss of data.lossy A technique of compressing an image by eliminating redundantor unneccesary information, but resulting in lost data.low key An image that is primarily composed of dark tones.LPI Lines Per Inch. A measure of the frequency of a halftone screenused in printing. The archaic, and now misleading, term line harkensback to the diffraction line etchings used to create analog halftones.LZW Lempel-Ziv-Welch. A popular, lossless image compression algorithm.

matrix A grid of horizontal and vertical cells. For example, videocameras use a matrix of CCDs.megabyte Equivalent to exactly 1,048,576 bytes of information (220).midtone The range of tones in an image located approximatelyhalfway between highlights and shadows.modem MOdulator/DEModulator. An electronic device used toconvert a computers digital signal to an analog one and vice versa. Theresult is a signal that can be transmitted over telephone lines.moir An undesirable interference pattern in color printing oftenresulting from misaligned or improper screen angles. Also created whenpreviously halftoned images are scanned.monochrome An image comprised of various shades of one hue.See grayscale.

monitor The device that produces an on-screen display. Synony-mous with video display unit. There are three types of monitors: black-and-white, grayscale and color.Newton Rings A pattern of concentric, multicolored rings occa-sionally introduced in a scanned image by contact of transparency filmwith the glass platen in a scanner.

noise Extraneous or random samples introduced into a scannedimage via the electronic components of a scanner.

OCR Optical Character Recognition. Software that uses pattern recog-nition to distinguish character shapes in a bitmapped image. Typicallyused with scanners.offset lithography A commonly used printing process utilizing anintermediate blanket cylinder to transfer or offset an image from theplate to the paper.

optical resolution The true number of discrete samples per inchthat a scanner can distinguish in an image.oversampling Scanning an image at a higher than 8-bits per channel.Used for high-end image manipulation greater bit depths allow for greaterimage fidelity. Available from mid- to high-level scanning equipment.overscanning Scanning an image at a higher resolution than isnecessary. Used for archiving images for later use.PICT A Macintosh-based format for storage and exchange of graphicdocuments, containing bitmap and/or object-based images.pixel Picture element. One of the individual elements that comprise avideo monitors image area. Typical monitor pixel resolutions are 640 x480, 800 x 600, 1024 x 768.platen The glass scanning region on a flatbed scanner.PMT Photo Multiplier Tube. The kind of technology used in drumscanners.

PostScript A robust, general purpose page description languagewhich has become the de facto standard in the prepress industry. Used inmany laser printers.

PPI Pixels Per Inch. The frequency of the number of samples used todisplay an image on a computer monitor.prescan A quick, low-resolution preview scan of an image to bescanned.primary color A base color used to create other colors. Examplesare red, magenta, green, yellow, blue and cyan. Also loosely used todescribe any highly saturated color.profile The compiled color characteristics of a known device, suchas a monitor or scanner, as used with a color management system.process color The CMY primary colors (plus black) used in print-ing to produce the widest spectrum of printable colors.See color separationquarter tones Tones in an image that lie between betweenmidtones and highlights. Three-quarter tones are tones between midtonesand shadows.RAM Random Access Memory. The memory a computer needs tostore the information it is processing at any given moment. BecauseRAM is short-term memory, it is lost when the power is shut off. Thelarger the amount of RAM, the larger the size of files that can be pro-cessed and the greater the speed with which they can be processed.raster A bit mapped representation of data. See RIPresample To change the resolution (and the resulting file size) of animage. Resampling to a higher resolution introduces more data throughinterpolation.

resolution The output measurement of an image, expressed in dotsper inch (dpi), pixels per inch (ppi) or lines per inch (lpi).

RGB Red, Green, Blue. The additive primary colors used in computermonitors and image recorders.RIP Raster Image Processor. The software/hardware device thatinterprets output data (such as page description information) to create abitmapped image comprised of output dots and deliver that image to aprint engine.

sample The smallest, discrete amount of data captured by a scanner.Expressed in bit-depths of 1, 8, or 24-bits.saturation The amount of gray in a color. Less gray results in moresaturation.

screen frequency See Halftone, LPISCSI Small Computer System Interface. A standard that allows com-munication between computers and peripheral devices.separations See color separationsshadow point The samples in an image that will print the darkesttone possible of the intended output device. Tonal values below this willprint pure black. See Dmaxsharpening A technique of accentuating the contrast between allareas of tonal difference within an image.spectral highlight Pure white with no tone. Spectral highlightswithin an image should not be used for set white pointsubtractive primaries Another term for Cyan, Magenta and Yel-low. Called subtractive because when all three are combined they absorball light (theoretically) and create black. See CMYKterabyte Equivalent to exactly 1,099,511,627,776 bytes of informa-tion (240).threshold The tonal value, used when scanning line art or convertinggrayscale images to bitmapped, above which is rendered white and belowwhich is rendered black. Typically expressed in percentage of gray.TIFF Tag Image File Format. A popular file format used for storingimages. TIFF formats support a wide range of color models and bit depths.tone curves A linear graphic representaion of the mapping of inputtones to output tones. See histogramunsharp masking Also known as USM. A technique of accentuatingthe contrast at border areas of significant tonal difference within an image.With proper controls, USM will only sharpen areas of important detail.See sharpeningwhite point The samples in an image that will print the lightesttone possible of the intended output device. Tonal values above this willprint pure white. Not to be confused with spectral highlight. See Dmin

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Note: An important downsideto 2-to-1 scanning is that filmoutput takes longer and inmany cases you are chargedextra for the RIP time. That1.5-to-1 ratio looks better allthe time, doesnt it? On theupside, you can change yourmind and enlarge the picturemuch more if you have 2-to-1sampling. As I said, for im-portant images 2-to-1 is agood bet.

ost scannning experts advise that high-quality halftones requirea scan with 2 pixels per printed halftone dot. However, I havefound that a 1-to-1 pixel per halftone dot ratio is adequate for

some purposes. I use that sample rate for all my cover designs forthe Boston Computer Society IBM User Group Newsletter, PC Report.The obvious advantage of a 1-to-1 sample rate is smaller file size. Forinstance, each of my PC Report covers is just 6.3MB. A scan of 2 pixelsper halftone dot would result in an image exactly four times as big!

Although purists insist that optimal imagesetting requires a 2-to-1 samplerate, newer thinking suggests that a 1.5-to-1 sampling rate is more than agood compromise. It is difficult to see the difference and the file size ismuch smaller.

For small images I suggest using 2-to-1, as this will give you more roomto change your mind when sizing an image and shouldn't vastly affectstorage space on your hard disk.

Scanning FormulaHeres a formula that can help you calculate the appropriate number ofsamples per inch (spi) when scanning:Halftone Screen (lpi) x Sampling Rate (spi) = Output Resolution (ppi)Magnification/100 x Output Resolution (ppi) = Target ScanningResolution (spi)Heres how it works: if you want to scan an image at a sample rate of 1.5and output it to a 150-line screen for final reproduction at 80% of itsoriginal size: Output resolution is 150 x 1.5 = 225-ppi. Since the reduction is80%, the target scanning resolution is 80/100 x 225 = 180 spi.

I created the tables on this page with a spreadsheet program using theformula above for each cell. You can create other application-specifictables for your own use or even program a hand calculator to do the same.

Calculate the Right SPI

M

Halftone Screen Frequency

SPI 65 85 100 133 150

75 77% 59% 50% 38% 33%

90 92% 71% 60% 45% 40%

100 103% 78% 67% 50% 44%

120 123% 94% 80% 60% 53%

150 154% 118% 100% 75% 67%

180 185% 141% 120% 90% 80%

200 205% 157% 133% 100% 89%

210 215% 165% 140% 105% 93%

240 246% 188% 160% 120% 107%

270 277% 212% 180% 135% 120%

300 308% 235% 200% 150% 133%

360 369% 282% 240% 180% 160%

400 410% 314% 267% 201% 178%

480 492% 376% 320% 241% 213%

600 615% 471% 400% 301% 267%

800 821% 627% 533% 401% 356%

1200 1231% 941% 800% 602% 533%


SPI 65 85 100 133 150

75 58% 44% 38% 28% 25%

90 69% 53% 45% 34% 30%

100 77% 59% 50% 38% 33%

120 92% 71% 60% 45% 40%

150 115% 88% 75% 56% 50%

180 138% 106% 90% 68% 60%

200 154% 118% 100% 75% 67%

210 162% 124% 105% 79% 70%

240 185% 141% 120% 90% 80%

270 208% 159% 135% 102% 90%

300 231% 176% 150% 113% 100%

360 277% 212% 180% 135% 120%

400 308% 235% 200% 150% 133%

480 369% 282% 240% 180% 160%

600 462% 353% 300% 226% 200%

800 615% 471% 400% 301% 267%

1200 923% 706% 600% 451% 400%


SPI 65 85 100 133 150

75 115% 88% 75% 56% 50%

90 138% 106% 90% 68% 60%

100 154% 118% 100% 75% 67%

120 185% 141% 120% 90% 80%

150 231% 176% 150% 113% 100%

180 277% 212% 180% 135% 120%

200 308% 235% 200% 150% 133%

210 323% 247% 210% 158% 140%

240 369% 282% 240% 180% 160%

270 415% 318% 270% 203% 180%

300 462% 353% 300% 226% 200%

360 554% 424% 360% 271% 240%

400 615% 471% 400% 301% 267%

480 738% 565% 480% 361% 320%

600 923% 706% 600% 451% 400%

800 1231% 941% 800% 602% 533%

1200 1846% 1412% 1200% 902% 800%


Calculating the optimal scan for agiven output is relatively easy. Justplug in the enlargement or reduc-tion percentage you want for theappropriate halftone screen.

Optimal spi settings at 2.0 sampling ratio



Scanning Calculator no longer availableat http://www.hsdesign.com/scancalc

Permissions


Diagram courtesy of Agfa Division,Miles Inc. Used by permission.

Courtesy of Jonathan Reff. Copyright 1994 Jonathan Reff. Used by permission.

Jonathan ReffImaging Solutions2210 Wiltshire BoulevardSanta Monica, CA 90403

(310) 829-0783(310) 260-0068 fax

Copyright ArtScan. Photographer:Graham Nash. Used by permission.

Davis & Susan CoonsArtScans1145 Oak AvenueManhattan Beach, CA 90266

(310) 545-2356Nash Editions2309 N. Sepulveda BoulevardManhattan Beach, CA 90266

(310) 545-4352

Copyright 1994 Bob and LoisSchlowsky, Schlowsky ComputerImagery, Weston, Massachusetts.Used by permission.

Bob & Lois SchlowskySchlowsky PhotographyStudio73 Old RoadWeston, MA 02193

(617) 899-5110(617) 647-1608 fax

Ron MecklerRe:Design, Inc.5 East 19th Street, 2nd FloorNew York, NY 10003

(212) 475-3711(212) 475-4429 faxCopyright 1994 Ron Meckler,Re: Design, New York City, New York.Used by permission.

Copyright 1992 Schmeltz + Warren.Photographer: Crit Warren. Designer:Crit Warren.

Crit Warren & Catherine SchmeltzSchmeltz + Warren74 Sheffield RoadColumbus, OH 43214

(614) 262-3055(614) 262-3330 fax

Copyright 1994 Photonics Graphics.Photographer: Erik Von Fischer.Computer Illustration: Augie Zawatsky,Alan Brown and Matt Strippelhoff.Art Director: Al Hidalgo, Huffy, Inc.Used by permission.

Alan BrownPhotonics Graphics700 Pete Rose Way, Suite 360Cincinnati, OH 45203

(513) 723-4440(513) 723-4442 fax

Copyright 1994 Rob Day,Illustrations published by CreativeEducation. Art Director: Rita Marshall.Used by permission.

Rob DayEvans Day Design10 State StreetNewburyport, MA 01950

(508) 465-1386(508) 465-8632 fax

Front MatterAbout the AuthorIntroductionCredits & AcknowledgementsPerformance Issues

Table of ContentsScanning OverviewHow Scanners WorkThe Scanning ProcessScanning & Its Relationship to OutputScanning for Output MethodBit Depth, Scan Mode & File SizeOptimal Resolution SizingTone Curves & HistogramsUsing Tone ControlsDot Gain or Spot VariationMaking Linear AdjustmentsFile Size & Storage

Types of Scans & ScannersHow to Buy a ScannerMinimize NoiseProper SetupTaking Care of Your EquipmentTypes of ScannersTypes of ScansScanning-Related SoftwareFile Formats & StorageLossy CompressionCalibrating Your System

Tips & TechniquesEliminate MoirsFinding Your Scanner's "Sweet Spot"Higher than Optimal Resolution3-D ObjectsGreat Background EffectsHigh-Key ImagesLow-Key ImagesHigh Contrast OriginalCorrecting Poor ColorColor Scans From B&W ScannerScanning Color NegativesSharpening Scanned ImagesHigh-Res Backgrounds From Low-Res DataHigh-Res Line Art From Low-Res DataSalvaging a Faded OriginalColorizing an Old PhotoScanning Fine Line ArtScanning Borders & FramesPostal Codes & SignaturesUsing a Polaroid Camera Wiyh a ScannerCreating Custom Computer ScreensReducing Cracks & ScratchesB&W Scans from ColorOptimal Color Bit-Depth for GIF Files

Gallery SectionIntroductionEvans Day DesignArtScansSchlowsky Computer ImageryImaging SolutionsPhotonics GraphicsRe:Design, Inc.Darryl CurranSchmeltz + Warren

ReferenceSuggested ReadingOnline ResourcesProfessional Organizations/ServicesManufacturers:Scanning Specific SoftwareOther Related SoftwareDigital CameraOther Related HardwareFlatbed ScannersHigh-end ScannersTransparency ScannersSpecialty Scanners

Legal & Ethical IssuesGlossaryCalculate the Right SPIPermissions

How to Buy the BookLicense Agreement

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Reference