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Reef growth stage: 1. Fringing reef 2. Barrier reef 3. Atoll

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Page 1: Reef growth stage: 1. Fringing reef 2. Barrier reef 3. Atoll
Page 2: Reef growth stage: 1. Fringing reef 2. Barrier reef 3. Atoll
Page 3: Reef growth stage: 1. Fringing reef 2. Barrier reef 3. Atoll
Page 4: Reef growth stage: 1. Fringing reef 2. Barrier reef 3. Atoll
Page 5: Reef growth stage: 1. Fringing reef 2. Barrier reef 3. Atoll

Reef growth stage:1. Fringing reef2. Barrier reef3. Atoll

Page 6: Reef growth stage: 1. Fringing reef 2. Barrier reef 3. Atoll
Page 7: Reef growth stage: 1. Fringing reef 2. Barrier reef 3. Atoll

Fringing reef - Kosrae, Federated States of Micronesia

Page 8: Reef growth stage: 1. Fringing reef 2. Barrier reef 3. Atoll

Fringing reef - Moorea, French Polynesia

Page 9: Reef growth stage: 1. Fringing reef 2. Barrier reef 3. Atoll

Fringing transition to barrier reef - Moorea, French Polynesia

Page 10: Reef growth stage: 1. Fringing reef 2. Barrier reef 3. Atoll

Barrier reef - Pohnpei, Federated States of Micronesia

Page 11: Reef growth stage: 1. Fringing reef 2. Barrier reef 3. Atoll

Shelf barrier reef - Belize

Page 12: Reef growth stage: 1. Fringing reef 2. Barrier reef 3. Atoll

Barrier to Atoll transition - Chuuk (Truk Lagoon), Federated States of Micronesia

Page 13: Reef growth stage: 1. Fringing reef 2. Barrier reef 3. Atoll

Remnant volcanic island - Chuuk, Federated States of Micronesia

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Tern Island at French Frigate Shoals

Page 15: Reef growth stage: 1. Fringing reef 2. Barrier reef 3. Atoll

Atoll rim islands - Majuro, Republic of the Marshall Islands

Page 16: Reef growth stage: 1. Fringing reef 2. Barrier reef 3. Atoll

Atoll rim airport - Republic of the Marshall Islands

Page 17: Reef growth stage: 1. Fringing reef 2. Barrier reef 3. Atoll

Oroluk Atoll, Federated States of Micronesia

Page 18: Reef growth stage: 1. Fringing reef 2. Barrier reef 3. Atoll

Fanning Island, Kiribati

Page 19: Reef growth stage: 1. Fringing reef 2. Barrier reef 3. Atoll

Transition from fringing reef to barrier reef according toCharles Darwin following his voyage on the HMS Beagle1831-1836 – it ain’t new.

Page 20: Reef growth stage: 1. Fringing reef 2. Barrier reef 3. Atoll

Transition from barrier reef to atoll (after Charles Darwin).

Page 21: Reef growth stage: 1. Fringing reef 2. Barrier reef 3. Atoll

Cross-sectional structure of a typical atoll. Enewetak and Midwayhave both been drilled to volcanic basement confirming their origins.

Page 22: Reef growth stage: 1. Fringing reef 2. Barrier reef 3. Atoll

So – Seamounts, Fringing Reefs, Barrier Reefs, Atolls,and Guyots are all linked – they are all part of theon-going tectonic activity associated with the oceans.

Where do submarine canyons fit in?

Page 23: Reef growth stage: 1. Fringing reef 2. Barrier reef 3. Atoll

What is a Seamount? What is a Guyot? In relation to Islands, reefs and atollsSeamount = the starting point for reefs and atollsGuyot = an end-point, a flat-topped seamount, many about 1300 m

underwater in the Pacific, topped by old coral reefs – erosion, subsidence, and sea level rise