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8/3/2019 Reducing Poverty Through Mainstreaming Of Disaster Management Into The Governance
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―REDUCING POVERTY THROUGH
MAINSTREAMING OF DISASTERMANAGEMENT INTO THE GOVERNANCE‖
BY Gen (retd) N C Vij
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Comprehensive Management Approach Comprises:
Hazard Assessment.
Vulnerability Analysis.
Setting up of Sizeable Management Capacity.
RISK REDUCTION – MANAGEMENTAPPROACH
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Vulnerability Leads to-
1. Potential damage to Population- Life Health Wellness
2. Capital Losses- Infrastructure Housing
3. Loss of Natural Capital- Forests Agricultural Land etc
4. Homelessness, Malnutrition and Epidemics.
VULNERABILITY
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Expanding Population.
INDIA - FACTORS CONTIBUTING TOVULNERABILITY
UnregulatedRapid Urbanization
Industrial Development
Environmental Degradation.
Climate Change.
Non Compliance of regulatory Regimen.
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GLOBAL DISASTERS : TREND
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GLOBAL - NATURAL DISASTERS REPORTED:1975-2008
1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2008
N u m
b e r o f D i s a s t e r s R e p o r t e d
0
50
100
150
200
300
350
250
400
450
500
550
Annx. 1
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0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
Richest Nations Poorest Nations
Economic Losses in US $ Billion
Richest Nations Poorest Nations
DISASTER LOSSES IN THE RICHEST ANDPOOREST NATIONS (1985-99)
Source: UNISDR 2004, adapted from Munich Re 1999.
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
Poorest NationsRichest Nations
Economic Losses as % of GrossDomestic Product
Poorest Nations Richest Nations
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TOTAL AMMOUNT OF DISASTER DAMAGEBETWEEN 1991 - 2000 IN MILLIONS OF $ US
AMERICA
ASIAEUROPE
AFRICA 1,64,868.1(21 %)
4,00,641.8 (52 %)2,04,434(26 %)
2,140.2(0 %)
11,753.2(1 %)
OCEANIA
Annx. 3
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MAJOR DISASTERS IN INDIA : 1990 - 2009
YEAR PLACES DISASTER LOSS OF LIVES (APPROX)
1991 Uttarkashi Earthquake 2000
1993 Latur Earthquake 9500
1997 Jabalpur Earthquake 200
1999 Chamoli Earthquake 2000
1999 Orissa S Cyclone 9887
2001 Bhuj Earthquake 14000
2004 SE India Tsunami 15000
2004 Assam & Bihar Floods 700
2005 J&K Avalanche 350
2005 Mah, Guj, HP,
Karnataka, T’Nadu
Floods 1569
2005 J&K Earthquakes 1336
2008 Bihar Floods (Kosi) 300
2009 West Bengal Cyclone & Landslides 264
2009 Karnataka & Andhra Pradesh Floods 200
TOTAL 61206 *
* Excludes 1200-1500 Casualties due to Natural Disasters every year.
Annx. 4
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DYNAMICS OF DISASERS
Developing Countries suffer more severely from the
effects of natural disasters than the Developed Countries
Twenty Four developing countries are under extreme threat –
India is the most affected.
Ninety percent of all human deaths due to disasters is from
developing countries
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Resolution Passed-- Mainstreaming of Disaster Risk Management in all areasof developmental cooperation
DISASTER RISK REDUCTIONWORLD CONFERENCE AT KOBE(JAPAN)
JAN 2005
Only way to Achieve
United Nations Millennium Development Goals
For Disaster Risk Reduction Measures to be
incorporated in National Poverty AlleviationPolicies.
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1. Centre staging disaster risk reduction Measures into
Developmental policies and programmes.
2. Ensuring that benefits of Prevention, Mitigation,
Preparedness and Response, Measures reach weaker
sections effectively.
3. Empowering the Community.
4. Recovery measures to include alternatives means of
livelihood.
5. Technological measures as force multipliers.
INDIA - SPECIFIC AREAS WARRANTINGEMPHASIS
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MAINSTREAMING DISASTER MANAGEMENT INTO
GOVERNANCE
POLICY INITIATIVES AND MEASURES INISTITUTED
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DM ACT 2005 - SALIENT FEATURES
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APPROACH
Paradigm Shift from Response Centric to a Holistic and IntegratedApproach.
Backed by – Institutional Framework and Statutory Authority.
Supported by Financial Mechanism, Creation of new Funds, i.e., Response
Fund and Mitigation Fund.
DM STRUCTURE
NDMA set up as the Apex Body with Hon’ble PM as Chairperson.
DM Structure – At all three levels i.e. National, State and District. National Executive Committee (NEC) - Secretaries of 14 Ministries and
Chief of Integrated Defence Staff Function as Executive Committee of NDMA.
Responsibility Rests Primarily with States. Centre acts as Facilitator
DM ACT - SALIENT FEATURES
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VISION AND STRATEGYVISION FOR PARADIGM SHIFT
―To build A SAFE AND DISASTER RESILIENT INDIA by developing a holistic, proactive,multi-disaster and technology-driven strategy through a culture of prevention, mitigation,preparedness and efficient response.‖
STRATEGY
A multi-dimensional Strategy, focusing on –
Pre-disaster Phase:
1. Prevention.
2. Mitigation.
3. Preparedness.
4. Capacity Building
5. Community based Disaster Management (including Public Awareness).
Post-disaster Phase:
6. Prompt and Efficient Response – Proactive.
7. Reconstruction and Recovery (Building back better).
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MAINSTREAMING DM INTO DEVELOPMENTAL PLANS
1. All new Projects/ Programmes will mandatorily have DM resilience inbuilt (at
times of conceptualization, formulation and implementation2. Modalities finalized with Planning Commission and instituted.
• All Expenditure Finance Committee (EFC), Cabinet Committee on EconomicAffairs (CCEA) and Public Investment Board (PIB) notes to contain DM AuditCertification.
• Need for DM Audit Accepted for – (a) All New and Ongoing Projects/ Programmes.
(b) Selective revisiting of project
3. Planning Commission has also agreed to allocate additionalfunds allocation for –
(a) Ensuring Disaster Resilience.
(b) Measures thrown up by the DM Plans prepared by CentralMinistries/ Departments and States/ UTs – following theGuidelines of the NDMA.3).
4. Similar measure under institutionalization by the states,.
5. Private and Housing Sectors still under finalisation. ( Most Important)
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MITIGATION PROJECTS
Projects - Approved
And Started
1. Cyclones
No of States and UTs affected 13.30% of the population
World Bank Project 1496 Cr
Commenced in Odisha & AP
22 States in Zones IV & V2 Distt per State (200 Schools
per Distt)Outlay Rs 50 Crore.
2. School SafetyPilot Project
Fore runner to a full National Project
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MITIGATION PROJECTS
Projects Under
Govt Approval
3. Earthquakes
Outlay 1850 Crores.All States at risks58.6% of land Mass.To Train
Engineers 90,000 Architects 24,000 Masons 5 lacs
Enforce Building Bye Laws.
Awareness Campaign
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MITIGATION PROJECTS (contd)
4.Information andCommunication Network
Outlay 986 Cr Last mile Connectivity Will cover both natural and
manmade disasters
5.National Response Reserves Outlay 229 Cr Response Stores for
400,000 People(150,000 inhilly areas
Stores located with NDRFBns.
Replenishment will beexpenditure related
Projects on Floods, Landslides and Medical preparedness are under preparation
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CAPACITY BUILDING:MAJOR INITIATIVES
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CREATION OF RESPONSE FORCES
3. National Disaster ResponseForce Battalions(State of the Art Equipment)
Raised 8Under raising 2
. Each State to raise at leastone battalion equivalent force.
. Dedicated Force
. State of the art Equipment
1. National CD Act
Amended
2. CD to be Distt
Centric
3. 100 Distt to be
covered
4. 100 Crore
Project
1. Revamp of Civil Defence.(All States)
2. Revamp of Fire Services
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NDRF BNS – LOCATIONS
BhatindaPunjab
Ghaziabad
Uttar Pradesh
Vadodara
Gujarat
Pune
Maharashtra
Mundali
Odisha
Kolkata
West Bengal
Guwahati
Assam
Patna
Bihar
Arakkonam
Tamil Nadu LEGEND
BNs
CBRN BNs
New Raisings
Guntur Andhra Pradesh
Two more Battalions Approved
Annx. 6
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OPERATIONS AND CAPACITY BUILDING
NDRF AND CIVIL DEFENCE
People Rescued 2.43 Lakhs.
Community Training for Disaster Response 10.5 Lakhs.
TOT for SDRF 510.
Training of State Police Personnel 980.
Deployed
136 times in
22 States
Annx. 5
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SURAT, HAZIRA, GUJARAT
Chemical (Industrial) Disasters.
• Exercises. :41.
• Major Accident Hazard (MAH) Units Exercised. :69.
• MAH Industries Sensitized. : 140.
• On Site Workers Participated. :879,700.
• Off-Site People Sensitized. :3.03 Lakhs.
CAPACITY BUILDING (contd)
IOCL PANIPAT, HARYANA,
Nuclear Power Plants
Off site Exercise carried outin all plants. Civil Administration andcommunity exercised.
Annx. 7
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NSS Training at Pune
Training of Students and Youth.
• Training of Students. : 1,03 Lakhs (Including 3,527 Teachers).
• NCC. : 92,300.
• NSS. : 800.
• NYKS. : 1000.
NCC Training at Hyderabad
CAPACITY BUILDING (contd)
Annx. 8
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STRENGTHENING OF FIRE & EMERGENCYSERVICES.
Status
• Present shortage : 91%.
• Weakest link presently in DM apparatus of the Country – Matter of GraveConcern.
Financial Allocation Finances allotted by Thirteenth Finance Commission under
―Local Bodies Grant‖.
Performance based.
To be published in State Gazette.
Finance Commission also sanctioned finances separately for six states.
Planning Commission also sanctioned -200 crore.
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CAPACITY BUILDING INITIATIVES BY
NDMA AND UNDP
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NDMA-UNDP ASSISTED PROGRAMMES FOR CAPACITYBUILDING
Established ―Disaster Management Committees‖ in176 distt at Community, Block ,Gram Panchayat andDistt level to respond to natural disasters.
Disaster Management and Mitigation plans weredeveloped in-
243 Districts . 32,374 GramPanchhhayats
1485 Blocks. 72739 Villages
Annx. 9
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NDMA - UNDP ASSISTED PROGRAMMES FOR CAPACITY
BUILDING
Emergency operations Centres established in-
States 12.Distts 89 ( Distts at risk-302)
Integrated Control Rooms set up in—
NDMA
MHA
Institutional strengthening of arrangements in: -. 26 State Disaster Management Authorities
. 3 Districts Disaster Management Authorities in each State.
Annx. 10
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SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNOLOGICALINITIATIVES
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SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNOLOGICAL INITIATIVES
1. Preparation of Digital Maps.
2. Preparation of Upgraded Hazard Maps.
3. Development of GIS Platform for Vulnerability Analysis and
Risk Assessment and Decision Support System.4. Seismic Microzonation.
5. Improved Modeling for Advanced Forecasting Capability.
6. National Disaster Management Information System (NDMIS)
7. National Disaster Communication Network (NDCN).
8. Additional Emergency Response Centres.
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MEDICAL PREPAREDNESS
MEDICAL PREPAREDNESS
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MEDICAL PREPAREDNESSStructural Measures:
1. Upgradation of Poison Information Centres 3
2. All State Forensic Laboratories being upgraded.
3. Bio Safety Laboratories (BSL).
• Under upgradation to Level 4&3 – 14 & 5 Total 19.
• Upgraded to Level 2+ – 44 (Govt. 23, PrivateSector 21) to carry out H1N1
Testing.3. Mobile Field Hospitals.
• Mobile Field Hospitals in pipeline – 5
(MHA – 03 and MoH&FW – 02).
4. Ambulance Services.
• Already functional [ 9 States- Already completed12 States – In progress ]
5. Trauma Centres 3 Hospitals
6. Training
Basic life support and advance trauma & CBRN training for doctors under
progress.
EDUCATION
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EDUCATION
1. School Education
Already part of CBSE Stream.
States are also introducing in Board education.
2 Disaster Management Education planned to be included
in curriculum for all post and under graduate courses:
All colleges ( Under progress).
Technical and Non-technical Education.
Agriculture. Already Done.
Medical Selective syllabai already introduced.
ROAD AHEAD
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ROAD AHEAD
1. Govt. must adopt this Subject as a part of―National
Agenda‖– Business as Usual approach will nothelp.
2. Assured Financial Support Minimum25,000 Crore
over next five years.
3. Compliance of Techno-legal Regime .
4. Empowerment of Disaster Management Authorities.
POLITICAL WILL----- HONESTY OF PURPOSE
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CONCLUSION
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THANK YOU