Upload
stan-vitton
View
119
Download
7
Tags:
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
STAN VITTON & THE FALL 2007REDRIDGE DAM SENIOR DESIGN
MICHIGAN TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
Analysis of the Redridge Dam
Special Thanks
Stanton Township BoardMr. Leonard H. Lamb Jr., P.E., Motor Castings CompanyAPL - Metallurgy & Environmental Consulting LabsMichigan Tech FacilitiesMr. Louie Garnell - WeldingDr. Nels Christopherson - AccessMs. Jen Heglund – Hydrology AnalysisDr. Terry Reynolds Social Sciences Dept. MTURedridge Study Group
Redridge Dam Presentation Outline
Study ObjectivesBackgroundTrestle Access Barricade Analysis
Stream Flow Analysis Structural Analysis
ConclusionsRecommendationsQuestions?
Objectives
Create a timeline of events which occurred at the siteDetermine the original location of the Salmon-Trout
River and its hydrologic flow levelsEvaluate structural stability of the damsProvide technical advise for use by the Stanton Township
Study GroupHelp provide information to Stanton Township to help
manage risks to township and its residentsProvide recommendations for future work
Location
Location
Lake Superior Elevation 600 feet
The Redridge Dam and Beacon Hill/Freda Road
The Redridge Dam
Timber Crib Dam
Steel Dam
Current Road Crossing
Old Road Crossing
Baltic Stamp Mill
Geology
Geology – Freda Sandstone
Freda Sandstone Precambrian – 1 billion Reddish brown sandstone
and siltstones, well bedded and consolidated
2,500 feet thick
Geology – Freda Sandstone
Geology – Freda Sandstone
Keweenaw Currents
Lake Superior Current
Stamp Sand Migration
History – Timber Crib Dam
Timber Crib Dam Constructed in 1894 Additional construction 1899 Submerged in 1902 to 1921 1921 till dam lowered?
History - Steel Dam
Steel Dam Construction (1900-1901) Completed Nov 1, 1901 Started filling Nov. 15, 1901 Completely filled Jan. 1, 1902 Over topped in 1927, 1941 and
1979
History – Steel Dam
Spillways
CompletedUnder Construction
Location
Emergency Spillway
Timeline
1884 Stamp Mill & Dam on the Salmon Trout River completed
May 1899 Construction of Steel Dam Started Nov 1 Construction Completed Nov. 15 Gates Closed Jan. 1 1900 Steel Dam Filled
1912 Atlantic Mill Closed1921 Baltic Mill Closed1927 Dam Overtopped in Spring Runoff1941 Dam Overtopped due to Beaver Dam Break
Timeline
Nov. 20, 1953 Dam Drained due to Constrcution of a Tunnel Under Road to Freda
1979 Dam Overtopped1979 Copper Range Cut Four Holes in Steel Dam1986 ASCE Designated the Redridge Dam a Historic Civil
Engineering Landmark1992 Stanton Township Took Ownership of the Dam2004 The Top 12 feet of the Timber Wood Dam Removed
The Trestle
Trestle Access Barricade
Both barricades that prevented access to trestle needed repair
Barricade design repair and reconstruction
4” Gaps or smaller (Chap. 10 International Building Code 2006)
No horizontal bracing to deter climbing
Used steel angle iron and rebar: 130 feet of angle iron 290 feet of rebar
Barbwire placed around ends & top to discourage climbing around barricade
Trestle Access Barricade
Stream Analysis
10/25/2007
Bathymetric Map
River Channel Location
Salmon Trout River Location Under Steel Dam
Salmon Trout River Location Under Steel Dam
Salmon Trout River noted at bottom of picture
Pipes located to the west side of dam
Analysis – Stream Flow
Hydrology Base flow - 50cubic feet per
second Area 42.8 mi2
CN – 58 Lag time 26.7 hours Elevation-storage-outflow
relationship Spring Snow Melt
Salmon-Trout River Watershed
Analysis – Stream Flow
Design Storm Event 100 year storm 12, 24, 48, 96 hours Reservoir elev. 652 ft+/-at a
max runoff discharge of 1246 cfs
Current Spillways
Base FlowSpring Flow
Analysis – Stream Flow
Discharge Holes cut at elev 649-652 3 Models Q637 = 43 cfs Q692 =450 cfs Q653 = 1700 cfs (with holes) Q692 =6400 cfs (with holes)
Drainage Time (to elev 650) Elev 664 – 6.6 hours
12’ +/- of Snowmelt Runoff
692
652
637
Structural Stability
Timber Crib Dam
Steel Dam – Gravity Dam
Material Life
Steel
Concrete
Timber
Analysis – Steel
Analysis – Steel
Analysis – Steel
Steel Analysis Chemical Analysis:
The sample is approximately 1006 or 1010 plain carbon structural steel.
Tensile Test: Tensile Strength = 71,700 psi Yield Strength = 54,500 psi % Elongation = 22%
Birnell Hardness (10 mm ball @ 3000kg): 126 BHN
The Electron Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectrometry (EDS) indicated a non-metallic film or coating on the surface.
Microstructural analysis: Material appears to be ferritic / pearlitic
steel
Analysis – Structural
Slag stringer
Analysis – Steel Corrosion
Analysis – Steel Corrosion Acceleration
Analysis – Steel Corrosion Acceleration
Analysis – Concrete
Concrete Deterioration Caused by water flowing
over foundation through holes cut in steel dam
Estimate of Deterioration Rate Approximately 43 yd3
currently deteriorated Rate is 1.6 yd3 per year
100 year estimation is 202 yd3 of deteriorate
Analysis – Concrete
Concrete Analysis
Main weight (gravity dam) of the Redridge Dam comes from the concrete
There are two types of concrete; a capping concrete and a primary base concrete
Analysis – Concrete
Capping Concrete Approx. 4 – 5 in thick Encases the entire
foundation of Dam Protects the primary
concrete Low permeability, very
dense
Analysis – Concrete
Primary Concrete Approx. 12 - 15% voids Design - 145 pcf - pounds/foot3
Test results 1901 165 pcf – Measured on site 1800 psi – 26 Day
Actual – 134 pcf ASTM (C -642) Large Aggregates
Mine Rock Small amounts of Copper Large Voids
Analysis – Steel Dam Stability
Stability of Steel Dam Gravity Dam - weight of
structure plus downward component of water resist sliding
Factor of Safety (FS) when fully loaded with water at 692 feet Currently FS ~1.40 for 134
pcf concrete FS ~1.35 after 100 yrs of
concrete deterioration
Steel Dam Stability
Factor of Safety current condition significantly higher
Steel corrosion of support members as well as concrete pedestals is a concern if the dam becomes fully loaded
However, we believe that the current loading on the steel support member is very low and is not significant to the stability of the dam
Rehabilitation of both the steel and the concrete is possible
Timber Crib Dam – Structural Stability
Timber Crib Dam – Structural Stability
The Civil Engineers Pocket Book, John Trautwine. 1886
Timber Crib Rockfill Dam
Timber Crib Dam – Structural Stability
Timber Crib Dam Elements
Bathymetric Map
1894 Condition
Timber Crib - Date Unknown
1899 Condition
Timber Crib Dam Mid-1960’s
2004 Condition
Timber Crib Post 2004
Steel Dam Conclusions
Our analysis indicates: More than likely the Salmon
Trout River is located in its original location
The stability of the steel dam against sliding even under fully loaded conditions is good
The current emergency spillway appears adequate for a 100 year event
Steel Dam Conclusions
Our analysis indicates: The emergency spillway has
accelerated deterioration of the steel and concrete in the dam
Deterioration of concrete has not significantly affected the factor of safety of the steel dam against sliding
Deterioration of the steel and concrete pedestals is of some concern and should be address sometime in the future
Timber Crib Dam Conclusions
Our analysis indicates: A rock fill dam supports the
timber cribbing and acts as an energy dissipating system
Timber planking was used as a water cutoff wall between rock fill and timber crib
As the wood planks deteriorate over time the timber crib dam will no longer be able to hold back water
Timber Crib Dam Conclusions
Timber crib dam stability The removal of the upper 12
feet of the dam significantly improved its stability and appears to be very stable
Over time, however, the timber cribbing will deteriorate and the rock fill inside the cribbing will come to an equilibrium consistent with the rock’s angle of repose of the rock and water flow conditions
Recommendations
Conduct a more detailed stability analysis of the steel and rock crib dams based on the following issues: Current condition Condition based on
Rate of steel corrosion Rate of concrete deterioration Deterioration of the timber
cribbing and planking
Recommendations
Determine how long the dams can remain stable without intervention
Consider the following two options: Restoration of Salmon Trout
River by removing a section of the concrete base below the steel dam; thus, preserving the historical integrity of the dam
Alternate uses of the dams or portions of the dams in a originally designed condition
Questions?