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Hydrogeologic Investigation
for the
Raymond Road Sanitary Landfill
Battle Creek, Michigan
November, 1982
A Prepared by:1
Wilkins & Vheaton Testing laboratory, Inc.Kalarozoo,
DEC 1319820000362
AW I L K I N S & W H E A T O N fz*^',^^ T E S T I N G L A B O R A T O R Y . INC.
^ "vV \ ' '
November 4, 1982
Ms. Virginia Loselle, GeologistDepartment of Natural ResourcesResource Recovery Division3800 W. SaginawP.O. Box 30028Lansing, Michigan 48909
Re: Raymond Road Sanitary Landfill1 Battle Creek, Michigan
14 Dear Ms. Loselle:i Please find enclosed the Final Hydrogeologic Investigation for the abovej referenced project. The report is being submitted on behalf of Mr. Wes Carter,
owner of the Raymond Road Sanitary Landfill. It has been prepared under therules and regulations of Act 641, Public Acts 1978, as amended.
•* Additionally, please note that there have been changes and additions to thetext from the Preliminary Hydrogeologlc Investigation. These alterations
1 are based on additional data collection since the submittal of the Preliminaryj Report.« If you have any questions or comments, please contact our office. Thank youJ for your assistance and cooperation.
Very truly yours,
WILKINS & WHEATON ENGINEERING CO.
Debra A. YervaslGeologist
1 William B FrenchVice PresidentDAY/WBF/dlJEnclosurecc: Mr. Wes Carter
169-171 Portage Street 0000363Kaluiuzoo, Michigan 49007
(61G) 345-1158
TABLE OF CONTENTSi
PAGE
j Raymond Road Sanitary landfillLocation ..................................... 1Past , Present , Future Operations ............. 1
• Area. Land u^e ................................ 4
Topography ...................................... 7
Soils ........................................... 9
GeologyArea ......................................... 14Site ..................... ................... 22
HydrologySurface Water ................................ 50Groundwater ......*.......................*••• 53
Water QualityBackground ................................... 60Site ......................................... 65
Area Water and Sever Services ................... 71
Conclusions ..................................... 74
Recommendations ................................. 76
References ........................*........»*••. 78
Appendices
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PAGE
Figure 1 - Location of itiyinond Road SanitaryUndfill .......................... 2
2 - Raymond Road Site Plan .............. 3
Figure 3 - Area Land Use Map ................... 6
Figure 4 - Topographic Map of Landfill Area .... 8
Figure 5 - Area Soils Niap ...................... 10
Figure 6 - lap of Surf iclal Geology for the BattleCreek Area ........................ 15
Figure 7 - Map of Bedrock Gaolcgy for the BattleCreek Area ........................ 17
Figure 8 - Map of Bedrock Surface for the BattleCreek Area ........................ 18
_t
Figure 9 - Map of Bedrock Surface for ProjectArea ............................... 19
Figure 10 - Glacial Drift Material In Contact WithBedrock +*. **.**... ....... **...*.... 20
- -Figure 11.- Sampling, Well, and Boring Locations. 25
Figure 12 - Soil Boring Logs from Test Holes * ... 26
Figure 13 - Log of Boring #1 .................... 27
Figure 14 - Log of Boring #1A ................... 30
0000365
i ijiU'o -j - ix/y 01 i'orir:j 1*2 .................... .vt
Figure* 1-3 - Lot; oi" Coring £2A ................... ^3
Figuro 17 - Los or lioring #3 .................... 06
Fisure 10 - Lot c:" Coring £5 .................... <!:»
Figure 21) - Log oi 3oring ir8. .................... 44
Figure 21 - Geolc~i.c Cross-Seotion A-A1 ......... 47
Figure 23 - Geologic Cross-Section C-C" ......... 49
Figure 24 - Area Surface V.'ater Features ......... 51
Figure 2j - Water '""ell log Locations ............ 53
Figure 2a - Groundwator Elevations and AreaPotentiometric Surface Map ........ 54
Figure 27 - Isopach Map of Groundwater Elevations 55
Figure 28 - Existing Municipal Water and SewerServices .......................... 72
0000366
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„ 1
LTST OF TABLES
PAGE
Table 1 - Soil Typos in the Area of RaymondRoad Landfill ...................... 11
Table 2 - Key to Soil Symbols and Terms ........ 45
Table 3 - Groundwater Elevations ............... 57
Table 4 - Background Groundwater Quality ....... 61
Table 5 - Water Sample Analysis for Area ....... 63
Table 6 - Key to Abbreviations ................. 64
Table 7 - Water Quality Results ................ 63
Table 8 - Well Inventory - Verona Well Field ... 73
APPENDICES-———• - •• • •Appendix I: U.S.G.S. Gauging Station Records
(1975-1978)
Appendix II: Area Water Well Logs
0000367
J
RAYMOND nOAO S.'.*:iTAIV.' L\MDF
Location
The Raymond Road Sanitary Landfill is located in thenorthwest corner cf H^-3tt Township, Calhoim County, Michigan. Th~City 01 rattle Cre-.il: lies ixdj-icint to Eaaett Toraship to the east,Vaile ieiinsfield ic'-nsoip borders iiuMtL Tov/i^saip u> tlie iiortu. - -jori-c^vvnys ^liir.h r.r. ;:-^r the study area include the regicTil ^rt.-ryr?**rrr.d Prod, r»rr"crlr?.tply 1,200 feet to the west, p.nd the 1 nca.lartery, Verona Read, .appronirately 1,500-feet to the north (see Figure1).
Past. Present, Future Operations
'. Tha Rayrond Road Sanitary landfill initiated operation inMarch of 1973. The site was primarily abandoned farmland with an old
; gravel pit on its western edge. At the time of its opening, the:;-;?.;~ic coitions of ths site v/ers rated favorably under the c/irrent(1975) guidelines for landfill sites by the Department of Natural
.iResources.
Presently, the landfill is licensed as a Type II Landfill-5 receiving refuse from Marshall, Kalmmron, Coldwater, Hastings, Battle-* Creek, and the surrounding area of Battle Creek. "Die owner/operator
of the landfill, Mr. Wes Carter, estimates that 80% of the refusej coning Into the landfill is cardboard, 5% is demolition wastes, and
the remaining 15% is general refuse or garbage*1
-i- 0000369
L-. • -RAYMOND ROAD S A ^ I T / \ H Y
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RAYI.'.C.iO RD. S.
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'-KINS S WH£ATON TESTING LABORATORY. INC
1The present operation basically consists of vehicles entering
from Raymond Road through Hodgson Avenue and the gate at the Landfillentrance (see Figure 2). At the office, the tipping fee is collectedand directions to the dumping area are given. In the dumping area,two men who assist and direct the dumping remove ferrous andnon/ferrous metals for recycling and review the load so that onlymaterials acceptable to a Type II landfill are received. Any liquidsor other materials that are questionable are rejected. An end loaderthen moves and compacts the material. At the end of the day, sixinches of cover material is placed over the refuse by an end loader oran earth mover. Tfee final two foot cover is brought in by an earthmover frcm other areas on the Landfill property.
CXit of the total area that comprises the Raymond RoadSanitary landfill property, only 57 acres will be utilized forlandfill purposes. An area of 5 acres is licensed at'one time toreceive waste.
It has been implied that in the near future the landfill winclose to the public, convert to a Type III, and liraLt its wasteacceptance to the OK Wrecking Company. The wrecking company, ownedand operated by Mr. Carter, will then deposit only demolition wastes*
Area land Use
Existing land use IB the Raymond Road Landfill area includeslow-density residential, commercial, and industrial developments.Industry, which occupies the largest percentage of land area in thevicinity of the project site includes the following: Rieth-RileyConstruction, Grand Trunk Railroad storage and work yard, Kelloggs,Thomas Solvents. Hannah's Cement Products, Inc., Modern Cement, BattleCreek Wrecking and Landfill, and a livestock yard (see Figure 3)*Areas between
0000371
W1UKINS & WHEATON TESTING LABORATORY. INC.
Raymond Road and the Battle Creek River are predominantly industrial.Coimercial establishments are concentrated near the intersection ofRaymond Road, Erniett Street and Verona Road. Low-density residentialareas lie to the vest and south of the study area. A trailer park islocated in the developed area southeast of the study area. Familieshoused in these low-density residential areas are expected to bemoderate to low in income.
It is anticipated that the future land use of the area willbe similar to existing land uses* The Calhoun County ComprehensivePlan predicts that the area around the project site will continue tobe largely industrial, with smaller low-density residential andconnercial land use areas.
0000372
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RAYr.OMp RO.SANITARY L. tf £
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UHANNAHi CEMENTPROOUCTLlBC.__——i——
WILKINS S WHEATQN TESTING LABORATORY. INC.
TOPOGRAPHY
The topography in the vicinity of the Raymond Road SanitaryLandfill corresponds closely with the surface geologic features.These features are describsd in the Area Geology Section of thisreport. Generally, the surface shows numerous ridges and depressionsseparated by gently undulating areas (see Figure 4). The dominanttopographic feature in the area Is the slope along the floodplain ofthe Battle Creek River. Here, there is a 60 to 70 foot change inelevation froni the relatively flat area of the floodplain to therolling hills above the slope.
Ground elevations in the area range from 820 feet (above MSL)along the Battle Creek River to 920 feet (above MSL) east of theLandfill. The elevation increases along the slope west of theLandfill, then east of the topographic high, dips down to severaldepressions in the 855 to 860 foot (above MSL) elevation range.
The topograpy of the Landfill site is the same as the gentlyrolling relief surrounding the site except for areas altered by nan's
! activities. Since a portion of the Landfill was used as a gravel pit,in addition to other excavation projects, small areas show sharply
i contrasting relief of 10 to 20 feet. These slopes are short ini expanse and are scattered throughout the Landfill property.
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Topographicj fctip of LanJfj.l! Ai-ea
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SOILS
The soils of Pennefield and Etamett Townships have baen trapped* Calhoun Soil Conservation District in 1927. Areas insitie the
, of Rattle Creek iiave not been mapped, ilowever, these areas rayI'-Tvlf'.*^ "^ an urton complex because of the amount of iron-indacod
.rixmce v.'iich has taken place. The following six general soil; liave teen identified in the vicinity of the study area (see
•rt 5). Table I summarizes some of the pertinent characteristics.,,;.) soil typa.
Fox Series:
These are well drained soils over sand and gravel on outwash:.s cue! terraces. It is free from boulders. The surface relief•.us from level to pitted. This series contains a conspicuousiish brown to dark brown gravelly clay loam subsoil underlain by:, calcareous sand and gravel at 2 to 3 1/2 feet. Glacial tilloccur at depths of 10 to 25 feet. Soils are moderately permeablethe upper part and rapidly permeable in the lower part* This soilMm ted by seepage and shallow excavation caving.
Genessee Series:X—-'
This series consists of deep, well drained soils formed inof bottomlands. In the Raymond Road area, this soil is
along the Battle Creek River. The surface texture is usually'.•nun or a silt loam. These soils are subject to overflow, however-• higher terraces are seldom under water.
_9_ 0000376
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SANITARY L; .1CALnOUN CC^:."T, Mi
AREA SOILS M
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TABU I
SOIL TYPES III THE AREA OF RATWNO ROW SM1TMT LAW* ILLCALHOUM COUNTY. MICHIGAN
NAPSYMML
344
944 ft
t»
B)
010
211
130
SOIL NAtC
rw
FM
BtMUt
ttlfc*
InugntM
Oshteao
'lalafleW
Sfitt
o-u.
u-ftfs
o-vt-n
« a
O-M
o-ts
TpnJ&.t-34
M m
11.11
•VM
•-34M tf
O-M
0-2*ZV4242-W
0-1010-«
3B1CTTT-
1»./hr.
O.K-2.0»20
————
i.i-t.t
M-4.0t.0-20
0.2-6.0
2.0-C.O1.0-20»20
f.0-1.0•.0-20
LOCAL ROADS AND STREETS
0-BX: Sllfht
I-ISX: Moderaut» scvtrt-slnpc
Stvtrt - floods
Sc«*r*-MttMSStfloodsfrost ictloH
Severe - wetness.floods .low strtngth
Slight
Sllfkt
LIHITATH
SANITMT LANDFILL (TRENCH)
Sever* - secpige
Stvvrt - f toods
Sever* - netnns.
Severe -v«toess.floods, seepage
Severe - teeptge
Mvcre ' tt«p«ft»too study
MS FOR
SANITARY LANDFILL (ARCA)
Slight
Moderate to Severe-*« — -
Severe floods
Sever* - MtMcss
Severe - vetneuseepage, floodi
Severe - seepage
Severe - seepage
DAILY COYER fCl LANDFILL
0-151: Fair - toocUyejr. thin layer
15*1: Poor - Slope
fiood
Poor - Uetness
Pqor - hard topack. Hetnest
Fair - Too sandy,seepage
Poor - too sandy
oooo
-11-
WILKINS c WHEATQN TETSTlNG LABORATORY. INC.
Gilford Series:
This series consists of very poorly drained, moderatelyrapidly permeable soils that occupy outwash plains and glaciallaMxids and drainacerays. These soils are generally forr?:?d on sandysedirrcnts. The surface texture ranges fran a loamy sind to loam.IMs soils consists of s ndy and jjravelly material over 3o?n to claywhich occurs at depths of 5 to 20 feet or more. The water table isusually at or near the surface* Seepage, wetness, and flooding arelimitations in this series.
Houghton Series:
The Houghton series consists of very poorly drained,moderately slowly to moderately rapidly permeable soils. These soilsforced in organic catsrial in bogs and other dapressicnal areas T.lthinoutwash plains, lake plains, till plains and moraines. They have ablack muck surface layer, approximately nine inches thick, over layersof dark reddish brown or black muck* Limitations are wetness, excesshumus, seepage, and flooding.
Oshtemo Series:
The Oshtemo series consists of well drained, moderatelyrapidly permeable soil on outwash plains and moraines. These soilsformed in sandy material, they have dark grayish-brown sandy loamsurface layers approximately 9 inches thick, and brown sandy loamsurface layers approximately 5 inches thick. The subsoil isdark-reddish brown, slightly firm sandy loam in the upper 21 inchesand dark-brown loamy sand in the lower 25 inches, the underlyingmaterial is grayish-brown loose stratified coarse sand and finegravel. Seepage is the main limitation of this soil series.
-12- 0000379
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Plainfield Series:
The Plainfield series, upon which the Raymond Hoad Landfillis located, consists of excessively drained soils roiv.-.i in -sandy
surface layer is 'o/cv.-a Icssy sor.d ap^roximtely ei^ht in '.v s thick.Ins subsoil is unit yellowish-brown sjnd twelve inches thick. Thesubstratum is li r.t yellowish-brown, yellov»lsh-bro7.Ti and ctrcr-j-bro'vnsand. The rcain limitation in this series is seepage.
Soils of Site:
The soils in the area of the Raymond Road Sanitary Landfillexhibit severe lijnitations for landfill activities due primarily toseepage or wetness. The Plainfield series, in v.'iich the lutdfill arealies, possesses these characteristics. However, because the map wasconstructed in 1927 as a generalized soil map, and there has beensignificant alterations to the surface due to man's activities, thesoils map is limited in value.
On-site field observations have shown that the top soil orother fill material mixed with the occassional clay lenses presentwill provide adequate cover and meet Department of Natural Resourcesrequirements. Beyond the cover material, the soils present in theLandfill area do not offer optimum conditions for a Type II sanitarylandfill.
-13- 0000580
in
OA ~"r: •:. - • -.-".
th3 site is a glacial drainage channel presently occupied by theBattle Crook River. South of the Landfill cite is a seller s--"--i"ldr?:ir.?.rrc 'cli.iiir;2! r."?~' occvci^ii «y tlie ? 1%^-:j~-_r/^o r.i.Y2i*« !"o~ii cl.:c":il
T * * , ^ — - ' - - » * f c - f — I , ^ _ ^ . * * * . ^ T . "T * —.^ * .L_ k~^»»^»-_^p -^ L n-ir-w-t-Sa I -if V ' -* * ^ -^ * J : |n-_--ui UJ ^ ^A t^ \OJ»U4-J^rifd ^JX ^f^^ U^C^^CtX^ 3 I lO ^ J Q
composed of stratified 3*uids and gravels. Further south of thesmaller glacial drainage channel lies the Battle Creek MoraineC"T*,""~""-:""" ~--7" -• ~X - ------J3 f iu'LLv.-33'L cf ;i": si'^c/. i.-3icilly, tiieai'cA shTvs a ccrplex interaction of the Li!:e .'Michigan Lot--, fomingthe Kalanazoo Moraine and Outwash from the west, and the Huron Lobe,forming the Battle Creek Moraine and Outwash from the northeast.
The glacial deposits of the area are primarily outwashstratified sands and gravels. the water well logs in the areaindicate that the sands and gravels are the dominant materials, withclay lenses or clay rich layers occuring occasionally (see Appendix 2,as located on Figure 23). However, the well logs reveal that there isextensive inter-layering. The complexity of the glacial materials aresuch that any attempt at a cross-sectional evaluation would be amatter of conjecture* Generally, the water wells In the area extendto 840 to 850 feet above mean sea level. The majority of them showthe presence of clay layers, but It cannot be conclusively determinedif there are laterally continuous or to what degree of protection theyafford to the underlying aquifer. There are, however, quite extensiveclay-rich units in the project area.
-14- 0000381
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• ->"•"• .;'-••".-*•;"?. *v?-<^
0 - r..\p of S-.a-ficial Gtolo;T for tho aattle Creek Area(Source: Vanlior, 1SXJ6).
-15- 0000382
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dr i - •. vi I"-- »:vo:» is n 1 !.. i-ip..-;: V i ].T:;-p;V\:t s ti...- : ;
•.-„:-.! w.- it a:~... i-j^v.'r ^, a r-: -jl -
southern portions of the site and to thj &iit-scutl:eAS -
I\eii, LOi.U"*..'es;; of tLe Lii'iUiill sii , osdroci; is as siiallo.; as ifeet b. cath the surface. Underlying the Marshall Fornation is t::»•*r*-., *. ... T?-_.— ,-..•„.. ^ -r,_.,_T4.J .^ V/'lifh *' '•""l*^:" V '' """ ' Cii_"*. / -I
r.vc-3 v_;;t: r:::i routh 'est of tha Erttle Ci-ts-c area. Th2 Ccj.i/— :.'FonnsLtion consists primarily of shale in these areas.
The composition of glacial drift in contact with bedrockvaries in the project area. Figure 10 illustrates the nature of thematerials in contact with bedrock. In areas south and east of thesite, clay and broken rock are codnonly in contact with bedrock. Thelateral continuity of the«e clay layers cannot be conclusivelydetermined, however, their extensiveness in the area likely inhibitsvertical groundwater movement* This concept is discussed in detail inthe Hydrology Sectioo of this report.
-16- 0000383
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Figurt 7 - "-in or Bedrock Geology for the Battle Creek Area(Source: VLmlicr, 1D3G).
0000334
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Figure 8 - Map of Bedrock Surface for the Battle Creek Area(Source: Vanlier, 1966).
-1S- 0000385
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C I H- ^4 '. D'-'.T ', -T -
MAP OF Ei".o: <SL^FA E -;.RPROJECT ii.E--.
— WELL i-CCi- or.
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RAYI..OND RO.SANITARY LAN:
CA..HQUT. CO.'. ' '. M . -
GLACIAL DRIFT NATS'OJ4TACT V;!TH BIL
RAYMOND ROADSANITARY LANDFILL
N ESTING LABORATORY. INC.
in sunnary. the geolosy in the area ol the Raymond RoadUnclUll consists predominantly of stratified sands and gavels «th
tensive clay-rich units scattered throuShout the area. Theextensive clay r infor3ation, cannot be'
tomtlo. aid. «"=«» »"« » «"™act as conduits for ground^ter
w
\^
-21- 0000388
ATCHV. INC.
The surficial deposits of the Hayraond Road Landfill project.,*ic lire predominantly glacial outv/ash, deposits, consisting of...- iw- u-:.-3 *jid gravels ".1th varying -.:.3U::ts c* clay ar.U/o;' --lit.•_":.y lenses and layers are present beneath the site, and gravel• -'- ts are connon. Clay "hard &rn" lenses were observed in ther -•'• -
•....Uv.vcst corner of the site. The surficial deposits of many portionst-. ...£ si we have been altered by historical excavation and landfilling
The s-ib-js-facs 7~olc-y of the site \vas prirorily investigatedthrough eight soil borings drilled in August and September of 1980 and'.Uy of 1C32. Of these borings, six were developed into ooservationv-?lls. Additionally, tiiree test holes were drilled in October ofiy 74 . The locations of these test holes , the soil borings ,observation wells, and water quality sampling locations are shown onFigure 11.
Figure 12 illustrates the logs of the test holes dril3.ed in1974. Figures 13 through 20 are the logs for the observation wellsand borings conducted in 1930 and 1982. Tuble 2 is included as a keyto the symbols and terms used in the well logs.
Three geologic cross-sections were constructed from the logsof the observation wells and test holes (Figures 21, 22 and 23).These figures are useful in Illustrating the topography, water table(when information was available), and geologic materials of the site.The cross-sectional lines are illustrated on Figure 11.
Cross-section A-A1 , Figure 21, extends from Observation Well#2A to Test Hole #3 and Boring 1A, running in a generally south tonorth direction. This figure is particularly useful in illustratingthe presence of a bedrock high grading into a bedrock valley acrossthe site. The Marshall Sandstone in this area is a very dense,fine-grained, inpcrmsable unit. Boring 1A penetrated approximately 70
-22- 0000389
... :. ' - -\ , _ ' . i . . • ... _. M ..J.IATQ^Y. INC.
fret of tlvj S.ir-i'-;to:v?. v;-tcr way not detected to a depth of 120 foetbelow tha rrro-.^ii surface. Above Hie sandstone is a unit consistingprimarily of gravel and rock fra^nents. The extensiveness of this !' p
u'llt cr.nr.ot l>? c.:'.clusivoly c'jt.cmincd, as irony of the borings did not ;r—:.----* :r.t^ l. ' ••.-:'•- C._.:J cj;d ^avel art; tiw Gcr**inairt glacialueposits ai. tiie site. The surface deposits, ranging froaapproximately tivo to ton feat, are primarily sand. Beneath this are*sands and grr.v-?l.s with voryins .rraunts of clay. A "hard-pan" clay1;;;.S2 or dijccr.tir.uous luy«r »^s encouiitereu in the boring forCL"2r.-tic.» '..' 11 2A cj-i^ ^*ii;g 2. 7ais unit Wj.s not encountered ins^i* of ti;2 orl".-r borings.
^
Cross-Soction B-31 , Figure 22, extends through the center ofths site in a general r.orth- outh direction, through Observation V.'ell"5, Test Hole *2, and Cj- rvation Vi'ell frO. This cross-section does
* not incorporate laud^ilied r aterial as the exact depth of material isnot known. Through this poi'uion of the site, clay is much moreprevalent. The southern and central portions of the site contain arcr.r r:rf-c3 c'~ c-'rfaca 1 ' r ci a. clay-rich sand and gravel unit.
v Surrcx-idins this unit is a sand and gravel unit containing severalgravel pockets, typical of outwash deposits. At an elevation in therange of 840 to 860 feet above mean sea level, a clay-rich sand andgravel unit appears to be continuous across much of the site. Ibisunit was encountered in all of the borings except Test Hole 3 andBoring 1A. It is likely that this unit acts as an aquitard for theunderlying aquifer.
Cross-section C-C1, Figure 23, generally runs from west toeast across the southern portion of the project site. FromObservation Well #3, the line of cross-section runs in a northwestsoutheast direction and then runs east-west through Observation Wells#4, #5 and #2A. As water was encountered in all of these wells, thiswas the only cross-section that could adequately illustrate the watertable. This figure is particularly useful in illustrating thegroundwater divide present at the site. Observation Well #5 appearsto be located very close to the highest elevation of the divide. Theapparently continuous clay-rich unit previously discussed is also
.23- 0000390
^;io«a in ULLS li^^ra- 'iiu niUcri.ii'J in this portion ol the site arev 'i'V i,7.i;'.!i lil.j 'J::osc of ti'.c t:c:itr..i portions of the ?tto. &md and^r-ov^l w' i th vp'^iper p.TTnimts of C.IMV are the dominant materials of<_ "
«• t!v:-S2 nreas.
In sururviry, uie iz-^oxo^ic nateria.is iound 'ijeneata tiie Raymondr,""1^ Landfill site are i,^-;ieju-lly ?«aiu and gravel with oxt^nsiv^
^ ;"v."-nrs of clry. An - •;::.rently continuous clay-rich sand and gravelir.il is liko-.y to act C.G ^r. ar;'^itard for the underlying aquifer.U.iJorlyins ti:3 glacial riritt is the; Mai'siiall Sandstone. The bedrociibe;.c*th tr;e LairJfill graces frc*n a bsdrosk iii'^h alcris ths northern_,„,._^«0 ^-e -!,-» 0-it^ tn a h^.r"1-?r vp"1)'-1T p'^'o^s th3 southern iind
t* I • -• -s - • ——
C7"itr;'.l pc-rtiers 01' ti"i si'^e. T^e f.u:/i = > • • . , G ^.icounii^rei in thev, borings drilled at the site was very fine-grained, dense, and
-24-
0000391
c c
OCO€0to
rWESTMOOK
FIGURE 12
SOIL BORING LOGS FROM TEST HOLES
ELEVATIONTESTHOLE
I
TESTHOLE
2920 -i- (Log *I5, Appendii 2) (Log*l4, ApptndU 2)
TESTHOLE
3 .( Log9 13, App*ndii 2)
914.73
003.03
910 . .
900 —
890 - -
860 ••
870 --
8SO - -
850 <•
840 • •
830 - -
620 -I-
VERTICAL SCALE'
I". 20'
SSS.SS
' •»'•flj-.vi
•'••i.
- i
&
SAND ftTOP SOIL
SHALL WAVEL •SAND
MCO SAND t
LITTLC 0HAVEL (4<
^*f±f.."^-"f.
LAROI fHAVEL ftCLAT
*T SANOV TOP SOIL
SANO ftSMALL ONAVEL
«*'*•*•
HEOIUU QftAVEL A
SANOsso
| j V ; ] "CD SAND ftt;';" V 9RAVEL
SLACK 8AHO
SRAVCL
LAhiiBOULOEH9
SAND ft CLAY
—I——— STATIC
•STATIC WATRRLEVEL NOT
WATCR LCVCL
*•—— STATIC WATCR LEVEL
ORANSC SRAVCL•OUC CLAV
RAYMOND ROAD SANITARYLANDFILL
WILKINS 8 V/HEATON TESTING LAB.
0000393
• • • - - r > n . M i r M i r. A N
LOG OF BORING NO. 1
u
J
1
—
7"
_
J1
£._
-
0-
-
^-
—
* AuQUSt 28. 19BO SURFACE CLEV, 910. ZT.
.u
t*
-' =
,
JC.-j5i/i
'.':•"
,*('.
cA•.**.
•*. •V.i•"•.'
» •'.
/V.9 "•
*.'•*,'.
1<«
''4.*•
;(V,
*• V"•*
* h
;V
•*ie .
DESCRIPTION
Medium brown sand.
Dark brown coarse sand and finegravel .
— — — — — — — — _
Dark brown coarse sand with fine tomedium gravel.
Coarse sand and fine tomedium gravel.
LOG AT 10 .. r>*n~.r, -* n-.HLandfill
o
00,*
7.0
10,0 ^
16.0
30.0
Zg
uUJ
903.82
.90JL82
p 894. 82
880.82
ilZ5u
*'
-r —
•
— — .
—— "" ^~
COMPLETION DEPTH " T«^ WATER DEPTH DATE AlinilCt ?fi . 1 PRfl
0000394
- O L. r\ (- *J < i i\ '• O . . I .
r ., - . ... ..;.,_.»,„,. .
LOG OF BORING NO, 1 (con't)
,\
M * oo i non Qin R?*,L""JSt 2,. n SUnFACCELEV. SlU.Ot
U
r -^
i
•"i-
'iiijij
1
J
"
—
-~
:—
j
?1.1
;'.'•
••••;
v.
•".'".
.,*
•/.:
V*.
3 * fr
JWf* *
PA 0
IK
51!-
{?/i;v,i
&
xl
DESCRIPTION
Cc3rsc sard with oil .
Fine to coarse gravel .
Bedrock "~ 'Marshall Sandstone
Gray very dense, fne grainedSandstone. Impermeable
LOCATION Ra^0n<* R°ad
LJ
a*WUJ300*
43.0
47.0
Landfill
x
;Ul
Uj
-
G67.3:
863.81
||sSon25U
,
130Blows"Refus*
'••PLETION DEPTH 65' WATER DEPTH DATE AuquSt 28, 1980
I11
0000395
1
'• ' 1 1
LOG Or LGhi.MS NO. 1
-,„... AC: =L=V. 910. R?
DESCRIPTION
•roc*' • - • s h a l l Sandstone
-v very dense, fine grained/ .store. Impermeable
•
( con ' t )Raymond Road
i OCATION l.tindf i 1 1
uuPoiCain
65.0
zcb-
5-1OJ
ils3^r
Z^U
270845.82' Blow
•>
Count
-M 65' WATCH DEPTH DATE AUQUSt 28. 1980
0000396
LOG OF Lwii lNG KO.!<oad
.OPTION
DESCRIPTION
Liyi.t l.ro..n f*r.£ to nedlum sand,Trace of coarse sand.
6.5 I 904.32"1 T —
.'.'
IIH
_, :
hit
tl
-~*
»
"
_
r
-—
i_.IT
L.!
M* tP. '
•
tV-• *
•.;•wi*t*.9/*
^'•'*'• ' r*;.:r,?
1*.'!*!**
1-.?
i'*••!;:.'::*!•'•
.* e
** *o .
Fine to coarse gravel.Trace of medium to coarse sand.
Dark brown coarse sand.Fine gravel .Occasional medium to coarse gravel.
Fine to coarse gravel.
Brown coarse sand.Fine to medium gravel.Occasional coarse gravel.Trace of silt.
Brown coarse sand.Trace of f i ne gravel .
12.0
16.0
2JL°
-
£98.82
89i.8£894.82
J85.82
>.
1MPLF.TION OCPTM 120' WATER DtPTH DATE M3V 11. 1982
000039?
LOG OF BORING NO, 1A (Con t 'd ) Q^ ^^
- L : ^ . "'" ; M;. , rtt^ELLV. 01n.Pn
D £ T. ." n ! " ; i C. N
, ' t
' . ' '." , . . . ! w -.;:-- i - - - -
LOCAT.ON I 'V^nfiil
LJ'J
:•-*
1 • ' • • "
i
(.-.---—i
-1
-
hne co r.soiuiri Gravel ..-.:•' Occasional coarse gravel.x» "(
"' ;o'-
Li
-iii •
-— ui
"Ih
_
-
~
. - 1^ •'.
**'o• 5.
•*.«o
i *
$
•*.V:
\s\ -\-*•
\\
Fine to coarse gravel.
Cobbles
Brown medium to coarse sand.Fine Gravel .
Marshall Sandstone (oxidized)
35_.0 _
44.046.0
48.0
^<I>
2
875. 82_
Co9.82
866.82864.82
862.82
-~ .--"".<Crzi-..
,
• ——
——
_ — .
1VPI.FT10N nCPTH 120' WATER OEPTM DATE MdV 11. 1932 0000398
UA> Or L,V,.;;,\O i»0. 1A (Lont 'u)Ruyrond
DESCRIPTION
.nn^uohi- (;»;•; j ized and dense)
rsc
C^tf.
c4
uUl
J
5rS<::<;
i
ii»
: ; S
S
t '
. • lii,\/.r; ":' iiarsuan Sandstone (gray, dense,
-"~ ^n1 1 v— i
-
°"1i
-
_—
-
S, 1
N *•//-
V 1
^
V• V
V*. =,'
V
It'1 *
V
impermeable)
-
•
73.0 837.82
O'/fi TTIOM OFPTM "^ WATER DEPTH OATC ™V 11 , 1*582
0000399
Ur bOhhMt? NO. i/\ (Cont ' c l )* ' n . . . . . , . , ( n
"•" 1 1 _ inov .... r,.r_ - L [ - v _ » * I M . H >
'• OFf. .:r;r>Trnrj
•
. oCAT.r .W__ .J.-\'_'<t- • 1 __
T
•" T - ,>L. -!-« J
i
f-~Z. i
t1 i
1
iroeri!..Ju'o'ic-:) . I i : i- i
1 -
-•.'"
,n-;
'\
• -.
'
.j
ilr
— jh1
^
-
1
•s
/•
V
•• 1
{^
*\\'SU-X
7?'1
\~-
'SMMarshall Sandstone (gray, dense,
impermeable).
I?i \_V (£nd of Soring) 120.0
; t
j
t
790.82
i
":• t
•
i /jn ' Miu 11 i op1?if-LLTlON T.LPTM 1(-u WATER DCPTM D*T£ rldy .1 J , I3Oi 0000400
LOG OF CORING NO. 2
SURFACE: CLEV._________Raymond Road
LOCATION Lf'M.U . 1 I j
..u
.-.";O1
DESCRIPTION
?;= i
If • ;.<
! .'.. Crown coarse sand with fine to'•'• ,' m^oi U.TI gravel .
. '. c.
i 'X
-i /•:u ; , i
1t
• 1
•:/>'•*,-**.&',••
^ 1 * t •
'* * '
/
4
911
! u
-
."^s-ff..
*'.*>
*X",* *
tf
I• A
Brown medium clayey sand.Occasional medium to coarse gravel.
t*
* 1
r i. •
:!-
i..-;
uu
t^J-T
Qoui
23.0
z0
_JUJ
-<UJ-
^-~
"*
v
,
verycompact
t
compact
PLtTION DEPTH 55' WATER DEPTH DATE "UQUSt 28, 1980 0000401
r. t -LCV
\. - " - ;
LOCATION il 1
Hi
I
o-irt
1
40.0
Brown medium to coarse sandand gravel.
- ;
'. 9'
(End of Borlna)
jMPLETION DEPTH OJ WATF.ft OCPTM
55.0
DATE AUQUSt 28, 1980
0000402
or POKING wo. ZALOCATION
f 2:
1 (
• ! - iz:
-
L
1 i >•' . •
-I
, —— n
1
Hi
TT"
..;. L' ri; -rcv.Ti ;,.,-! u;r. 'cc caarsa sisna
S'"-• ' *'
.'. •'*'•'i
H
20--_
-
25--
-JO
';•:'• »
;•:•
•*' :* ••*• •<
0',9
£•*">;'-
Jt'''
Brown coarse sand and gravel .
•5::r!'. brcv."i rreditin sand.^"sinn?.! **in-.^ to r"diun nravol.
ku_^U
y"!^""
7.0
23.0 1
28. 0_
40.0
/u
u.i
J177.42
861.42
^ 85JM2
RA4.42
in\& \
— — -
— -
COMPLCT.ON DEPTH 55' wATHRuLPTM oATt September 12, 1980
f;
.]ft I0000403
Ml-.. OO/J »'J
I tk» J . H . __ • I V
Of Al Id" I -.n.! -11
- - • • • • • • - - * •
OLSCHti-'HON
. . . - , - . - •• ,-tt. . , ;; i,.iu i -..• -' - • J •. " • • ' i finn TO Hfcuiuni grav*?l.
• • ' • • - **re to medium sand.r:-?. of clay...casicnal fine to medium gravel.
H?c*'-.' ~ :i
40.0
.£••f>iji
E ^ 4 . 4 2_ -
:• <ri
L •• -w££<•' '-.
•
— —
i
!ijii;iiii
iiii•i
t1
— • — i\
i;
Brown fine to medium sand.'race of clay.Occasional fine to medium gravel.
J; Clay Hard Paniit
Brown fine to coarse sand.Tine to medium gravel.
•/i
'. (Cnd of Boring)
47.5
Jl.O
55.0
836.92
833.42
829.42
i
ExtremeDense
»•« 55' WATER DEPTH DATE September 12, 1980
t <
I i
0000404
LOCrVi
I
V
' !'v-: ..i, ' ° "•
-!
^91 13J26
!
-
^^
Ii—1
-
'v•'.
. •
•?'•!'•
"i\«!*«
* . ,
.*'*
1 » *
V*
"
''
30.5 856.84
i:
i
V
t T 1 » •» ^ § A
'jf.-Pl.rTtON DEPTH WATER OCfTM "' •» DATE SeptefT.JQP 1^, .
i
£CO—
0000405
Cir 1-C.r.iivG WO. 3 (con't)
w
Sr5 w
ffl
Li.:iic j!x.,;ii i..iGio i sand
1 _ .
•t
18as36
/. ; r
. •_ i• " '.i
'.'
tf'.'
'•*
1
'/.
;oi .
t'f
——
V "
Brown wet sandy gravel.Trace of clay.
Marshall Sandstone
(End of Boring)
.
47. 0_47.6
53.0 __
57.0
840. 34_839.74
834. 3±
&3SL3L
'>
— —
i
— — .
TM 57' wATtn DEPTH 47.6' oATc September 12, 1982 0000406
t
fc
1
LOG OF BORING NO. 4
1037 SURFACE ELEV. 870.76
DESCRIPTION
•;o Top Soil
.ill material - gray medium sand,fine to coarse gravel,concrete.
Crown medium to coarse 'sand.occasional fine to coarse gravel.(race of silt.
• ei
•>•
••:
.'V
',*/•'.'•
™"
Brown medium to coarse sand.Fine to coarse gravel.Trace of silt.
-
* 'J Brown fine to medium clayey sand.^ Trace of fine gravel.
Raymond RoadLOCATION Landfill
DE
PT
HB
ELO
WS
UR
FA
CE
5.0
12.0
28V.O
EL
EV
AT
ION
865.76
-
858.76
842. 7«
NA
Ttm
AL
MO
IS I
UR
EC
ON
TE
NT
-
>
f
^^ ^BM
— —
™* 4
CPTM 40' WATER DEPTH DATE M3V 13, 1982
.
0000407
.».'
1 !
LOG OF BORING NO. 4
'• IUK? SURFACE ELEV, t//0,76
• " "
DESCRIPTION
. . , ,,M fine to Kisdiun clayey sand.u:c^siona'i fine gravel .
iTown cdsrse sand.Kine or^vel (clean and angular)
(End of Boring)
! :
i
Raymond RoadLOCATION L(.!\i i 1 1 I
on-T
HB
f LO
WS
uH
f A
CL
34. 0_
40.0
EL
EV
AT
ION
836.76
830.76
NA
TU
RA
LM
.:isr
uKE
CO
NT
EN
T
V
— . _
- - - .
TM 40' WATCROEFTH OAT1 MdY 13, 1982 0000408
LOG Of POKING NO. 5Raymond Road
LOCATION L i . ' . ' - - ' i ' 1
j — n
-' "*
PrM13
05trt
TTt.v.* *'V.
*• •*** \
DESCRIPTION
Ten 5?ilt
Brcv.-n radium to coarse sand.Fins *"0 rr'jdiLTi craval .Occasional coarse gravel.
•jts«tjiQtOV)
8"1 ~ '
z0
<Ul
u
P97.93r-- i8y/.l.
J^u
2-i^T^•- ^z^u
,
' Ij!
!
!
15-
-
>o-
•;o"
i
i
!
..',**
*'%';^2.
^"r
* >* *?•'.
ELp
:?'
;:•.**'.'«
> •'•'•'
:<
— _ _ __ . — . — _ _ _« „ _
Brov/n medium to coarse sand.Fine to coarse gravel.Trace of clay.
_ _ _ ^ _ _ — _ —Brown medium to coarse sand.F1 ne gravel .Occasional medium gravel.Trace of clay.
Brown medium to coarse sand.Fine to coarse gravel.Trace of clay.
JL-0
-19:£
.*.
J89JL
8Z1-6
871.6 _
—— . ——
*
*•* ^ B^B
•• ^ HI
—— _
^B^ •
— —
O.V6LCTIUN DEPTH 61' WATCH DEPTH 45' DATE Mfl V 13. 1932
0000409
. ...Jf,.. ..^ ,,_ ..U
• ' • ' " f ? 1 ~ ' 9 M . r rACFFLbV . 8°R.60 LOCATION Landfi l l
.-
• .1 a;•
?•'••
Utawr.H' r twn
' . ., ' -• - - J, - • • - „ A
L-;n^ 4..^ -«^^en crf»v°i; - ' " t Tracii ov clay.
''/•'I Ri-nwn rn^rsfi sand.
;V" wn...l: ;:.-.ii;.l. .J ^.'-3 S^.u.r i r..- v. L.'' -'Si: -:-i' j'v^l .
••;':.' Trace of clay.
i :•'.•'-- . .':*•
!••:•' Brown fine to coarse sand.';•••' Fine to coarse gravel.
]; |-.|;Trace of clay and silt.
: -r;— 1 * I , '
-i v. V-J
J—
_
_
"•
_
-
653
Vv* *^'
*.*.*.•i*i>.-.'
Sv.*•-'*.*••
V'*•:*•AV:;»•'.\
'.'•!?
¥.
,_ , ^^_ , ^ ^^^ ^ ^ i w™ ^>^M ^^B
Brown medium to coarse sand.Fine gravel.Occasional fine to medium gravel.Trace of clay.
Light brown fine to medium clayey sand.Trace of fine gravel.Trace of clay and silt.
41 J?? Brown fine to coarse sand.63 I ••*, Fir)e gravel. Occasional medium gravel.«7 i --.-.' Trace of clay and silt. (End of Boring
LJ ' ^
_•>*; 1 "
F- i. —
isi
34.0
3ll5 .
45.0
48.0
55.0
58.0
)61.0
>u
————
-IT: —ffp.7,-' "." "*
fSS
1
864.6
_?59lL
853.6
_8_50.6_
843.6" ~*
840.6
837.6
"T "-
*
_ K. _•
*" ""
>tw0i FTION nF»TM 61 ' WATER DEPTH 45* OATC MflV 13» 1982 0000410
l.CKi Ur tiU.iifvo i»U
DESCRIPTION
' ^ 3.... y
p-1--- b^'-M rrediun clayey sand.Cccr.sior.al fine LO rueaiuin grave]
Fine to'medium gravel.
2 re*, n ' rti'jn st.i'id.
KO
4.0 SC5.5-'.1
6.0 ! 834.54!
-",:
• •!'i<
'-' i
-
i
"i-
20-
-
25-
70
n
:'•''..
•!•-
Trace of fine gravel.Trace of clay.
™
'.' *'
v:• '
_ •
ix'• e.
X*
••V:
', '«
'.' .'•
Brown medium to coarse sand.Occasional fine to medium gravel.Trace of clay,(oil)
Brown medium to coarse sand.Fine to ir-'divrii gravel. ,
i Occasional coarse gravel.; Trace of clay.
22.021.5
_27.5_
30.0
868.5'_868..0<
863.0
860.5'
— _
i
— ^
, _ -
LfWPLtTION DEPTH 50 WATER DBPTM OAT* "^Y *^> *•***£
0000411
r*o. G (Cont 'd)no V it. < UUhl- ACC *.^L»'.___l. LCCA7ICN
Raynnd RoadMl
D^f C'. 'PflON
oii/i u
•"I"
Fir ° vo co-.iv
36.0
.. • ! >. . g • - in , . i ^ •> i i . i . .- •. - ... - > i _ .1 V» 1 w^ «Jf - J ' i -
.,' . . . . Cccasicnal fir.3 to ^dium gravel.i-'-'r'1
i j j.-* * •:•'.';
—
;•'
•
- L;;Jfor
i!5"h
0. 200for6"
iv;.\'/j Marshall Sandstone (weathered).its: _ __ __ _ _ _ _ __ _ _
40.5
42.5^
,-,'; Marsholl Sandstona (oxidized and/J
vi dense).7 1>;^^
^(End of Boring) 50.0
850.04
JMS^
840.54
— "" '-
•
•w
-" —
_
'Tl.rTION DEPTH 50' WATEft OtPTM DATE Hay 12. 1982
0000412
(1 [ t» > • . ! . • t - • • • . ! • < ? i r - r •> i . - i • „ ," '5 - • t • !•*> . a* d e s c r i b e d In
VtatToa. K i a r c a I V i 5 .
T ."". ' '3 rinse n c o N ' : - i > 7 E N c Y ton
CC.'.^r" PTV'.'"""^fcft- ^) «uty or t.*.dtt«rmjn»t! b/ I*bc
T'f 5 (*-«l«r <tort<Bn retained oo No. 2CO •!*¥•); Include! (1) cl*»a•..: J I* r » t « U *ecoroic£ to r«
I!I .I
Med'um d«n««
;: - *.'.' cley«, ,. J jr*vrl:y,
tea
••n^;-', or iiitv. at Indicated bf
• ' X I Clmy.y
SoftFirmStiffVeryH&rd
1;. L- l: ..r. ...... j
0.25 to 0.500.50 ta 1.001.00 to 2.092.00 to '..CO4. 00 and higher
T! '9 nurrbtr of Mow* (IS) e( a 140. pound hairxmer failing 30 tnche* vied to drive a -;*O.D. et>Ut>barrcl »»m^l*r for tlta L*»t 12 Inche* &f
. Mlie, Fill
• ; . . . - : Ji;c"-en. ," I-, tn .; f! i »•_.•«• * c!-.y« T"»y *i«v- liwer u• "rTswa above, b*e*u*» of plane* o£ weakneae or craeke la• uch eell* are bnaed 09 ptnetrotnetcr readlof*.
15
50/2WRWH
RP
PZSO
PWRAug.
AXNX
45%
0 tc ir%15 to 40%40 to 70%70 to CS%GS to 100%
: Ift-1-.i.'t* (1)clayey •lit** Cc<r.>ibvci.k./ t' i-i..L,uBr Y«adin|i or by nncoiu*iD«d com*
la»* tUi.1 1. T
2.5 ta 5.05.0 ta 10.0
10.0 to 20.020.0 ta 40.040.0 and higher
cemnre••!•>• etrcnfthe tk*naThe conalBlancy ra.ua£* c:
- Number ef blew*' (SO) u««d ta.drlv* tb« eplit-barral a certain number of Inehet (2).- Split-barrel advanced by the weight of rode only.- Split-barrel advanced by the weight of the hammer and rod*.- Rcfueal, t Ampler could aot be advanced further.- 3*» O.D. Sholbytube cample.- 3" O.D. Sholby tube pushed hydreuUcaJly. uelag a certaia proeeuro (250 p«I) ta pitch,
the laet i locnee. '. 3M OJ3. Sbelby lube advaaced 24 Incbe* by the weight of rod. only.- Auger eampla*- Rock cared wit* AX core barrel, which obtalae a 1-1/8** diameter caro.- Reck carod with NX car* barrel* which abtalae * 2-1/8" diameter corm.- Percentage (oS) of roc* ear* recovered._ Plttoet •ample*
Recovered
SimpleNet
LABORATORY TEST IDENTIFICATION
C • Coneolldatloa and •poclfl* gravity teit* performed,D - Relative denatty teit performed.X • Perm«»hlHty teet performed.M - Mechanical (alevo or hydrometer) analyal* performed.T <• Trlaidal compreaeloa teal performed*U • Unconflaed compre»«lo« teet p»rf«rmed.V f Vane ehear teet performed.
0000413
LIT «,'v."' -I
.:':•, ,.s:',v-'.r V^i
'3 • •«„•» . • •. . t. 'i •
\d'''- v' •• f:'|;:\'* •' r' i' ' '. / ' ' ' ;•• ' I •V, , " - . - .r,!. V '1- ' -
J
0000415
?$»^.\$&-^~tfe *:vf% i
F?T-T i1*'. IT:""1; J>* vlj 8:Li St.ir- >:. ».ATj-^.f^ ' ^ - i
2* n
f*
C'
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"•"•J^> ^^^-t-?•"-.:'• .•r'-Vvi :^
"•• p - * *
.9«0
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MO
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-•«
•60
WO
MO
•10
F I G U R E 23
RAYMOND ROADLANDFILL
CALHOUN COUNTY, MfCHIQAN.
GEOLOGICCROSS-SECTION C-C1
BASED ON OBSERVATION WELL LOGS)
TOP SOIL
f j
H MARS HALLSANDSTONE
.—— 5TATIC WATER!'0/l2/82)
HO*IZONTAL S C A L E . i"> too'VERTICAL SCALE: I".JO'
WflKINS • WHCATCN fESTIHB LAi.
oo
if-:iA i GRY. INL-.
HYDHOUOGY
Surface Waters:
The dominant surface water feature in the area of the Raymond iRoad Landfill is the Battle Creek River, located west of the Landfill Isite. The average discharge per year for the Battle Creek River, at Ithe gauging station north of Eanett Road (see Figure 24) is 197 cubic ]feet per second. U.S.G.S. records for the years 1975 through 1978 are iincluded in Appendix I. The Raymond Road Landfill is located in a •sutfcasin of tho Battle Creek River Basin , south of this gauging 'station. More accurate and pertinent data for this subbasin and the ;Landfill site could be recorded if a gauging station were located inthe Battle Creek River just upstream from the confluence of tne BattleCreek River and the Ka lama TOO River* The Kalamazoo River data ~ ;(Appendix I) is also of United value because this gauging station is jlocated to measure the flow of both the Battle Creek and Kalamazoo iRivers, which drain very large areas* Thus, in utilizing theavailable gauging station data, it is not possible to extract specificinfonnation concerning the contribution of the subbasin in which the iRaymond Road landfill lies to the flow of the Battle Creek River. (
iThe other drainage basin present in the study area is the
Hall Lake Outlet Drainage Basin. This basin lies to the south and . ;V . . !
southeast of the landfill site. The basin consists of a series of !lakes and wetlands which flow into the Kaiaf*'*™ River.
The drainage divide between the Battle Creek River and HallLake Outlet Drainage Basin is fairly distinct. The divide follows thetopographic highs between the basins. However, the subbasin drainagedivide separating the Battle Creek River Drainage Basin north and
-so- 0000418
c r
oo
SAI :TARY
BATTLE CREEK RIVER DRAirj.'vGZ 3ACIN(NORTH OF GAUGING/STATION)
RAYMOND ROADSAMTARY LANDFILL
BAT/TLE CREEK/ / DRAINAGE I ASIN !
\ f /(SOUTH OF I
HALL LAKEOUTLET KELLOGG tlOLOGICAL
P, ESEHVEDRAINAGE BASK I
,.">. L, A' — OVr^-M , LS ..:-._. L_."--^,rJATCJi-3Y. INC.
south of the gauging station is not distinct. It appears that theflow of surface water would run parallel to the divide in areas nearthe river. The eastern edge of the divide is at the top of a shortnorthwest to southeast trending hill.
Surface water of the subbasin occupied by the Landfill siteis limited to the Battle Creek River itself. In the Hall Lake OutletBasin, Brigham Lake, Hall Lake, and Dexter Lake comprise the majorsurface water features. A wetland area, called the Kellogg BiologicalPreserve lies tctrveen thes-3 lakes. Much of this area is County-owned.
Groundwator
Calhoun County water well logs were investigated to determinegroundwater elevations and the direction of groundwater movement inthe area of the Raymond Road Sanitary • landfill. Twenty-eight (28)well logs were located in the area of the Landfill to interpret thearea hydrology (Appendix II, as located on Figure 25).
Figure 23 shows the groundwater elevations of the wells inthe area (including the on-site observation wells) and thepotenticmetric surface of the project area. As information is limitedfor the area, minor consideration was given to the wells being drilledin different years and seasons. .This figure is particularly useful inillustrating the groundwater divide which trends northeast-southwestthrough the east side of the Landfill site and project area. Thedashed contour lines on this figure are contours of static waterlevels using data from wells completed and producing in the MarshallSandstone - The solid contour lines are contours of static waterlevels frcm water wells and soil borings completed in glacial driftand/or the Marshall Sandstone.
-52-0000420
r c
F ,V. V.C
C r
WA7E* V/ELL. '^03 . OCA
\v-
L} ?. f I •g £
oa
^ i •-.;
\
0000422
NRAYMOND ROAD
SH%^C\
Figure 27 - Map shaving elevation of ground water and direction ofmovement for the Battle Creek Area (Source: Vanlier, 1966).
0000423
The U.S.G.S. report, f.Lvv.. .. .• .;• JVrrvrc-v f **y»re1.: Area, Richly . , indicates a ^vneralized groundwater Ilow
to tho rost in the project area (Ficure 27). Because theRoad Landlill is located on the edge of this cup, information
o ths east of the site is not incorporated into the imp. Thisnlcrrration supports data <xx^±±c^ Z**c t».3 cr.st :m portion of the*-oj-3t area.
w
Static v,utor levels in the project area ran^e between 53 ieetr>e3.ow the ground surface, approxinately l,CvO ieat e3Uth"'z-st of the
' Lcr.dfill, to 12 feet below -uis suriace, ipprc^li/^ily 1.5CO feet^ nortl-...l-ieJt ol th-j si*2. Grouno*ater elevaticiis range between
approiuratsly 310 ani 970 issv .C;ove . a ^oa level in the project^ area.
• Information from six (3) observation wells installed at thesite fcrsi tii2 data bise for interpreting the groundwater hydrolos ofthe project site (refer to Figuro 11 for specific locations)* Table 3lists the static water levels and groundwater elevations from the
' wells, as measured on September 22, j£60 and Cctccer 12, 125?2.Because Observation Wells #4, #5 and ffQ were installed in Liay of 1332,data from October 12, 1982 was used for hydrologic interpretations.Static water levels at the site range between approximately 29 feet
, and in excess of 50 feet below the ground surface. Groundwater> elevations range between approxijiately 838 and 860 feet above mean sea
level.
As previously discussed, a bedrock high (Marshall Sandstone)runs along the north end of the site* The bedrock here is a verydense, impermeable sandstone* There are no detected water-bearingformations above the sandstone la this location, as confirmed by theplacement of observation Wells #1, #6 and Boring 1A. The water tableis depressed to a depth greater than 120 feet below the ground surfacein the northwest corner of the site (Boring 1A).
-56-
0000424
N
c rTABU: 3
GRDIM tfATliR rtEVATICNSRnyiu nd Read I ruuUill
Battle Creek, Michigan
Observation ScreenedVeil No. Interval
1* 42'-45'
2A .52'-55'
5 50'-53'
6 46'-50f
— : No measurement,
* : Veil pulled and
oo
GroundElevation
(above MSL)
910.82*
884.42'
887.34'
870.76'
898.60'
890.54*
Well CasingElevation
(above f..'>L)
911.93'
885.99*
888.EG*
872.17'
899.35*
891.79'
Dt-pth toStatic \v'ater Ground --atcr
lj ^ vel El c VP, t ion(9/:*2/80) (972^/80)
>50.75' <861.23*(ilry)30.28* 849.71'
40.89' 842.07'
>50.00' <840.54'
Dopth toStatic Wuter Grour: 1-Aut •:
Level Ele«. itic i(10/12/62) (10 /12 ' f 1 -
* *
38.06' 615. 3U*
40. (W1 fc"3.30'
20.81' C:0.95'
4G.63' £31.97*
dry hole <E10.51f
as wells were not placed,
plugged (dry hole).
Cl
iivo ci Vv :-_,- r crs "^^"i ,' .^ L A^u?-i*x ronY. INC.
The placement of the observation wells confirms the presenceof a prouadrt-atet divide across the site. This was expected, as theBattle Creek River lies to the v,est» the Ha.ll Lake Outlet to thesoutheast (which discharges to the Kalamzoo River to the south), andthe UuivUiil site lies at ?. higher elevation between the two.Observation "'all £5 appears to be located at the high of thegrounded ter divide , which trends north-northeast to south-southwestacross the site (Figure 23). Groundwater appsars to flow generallytowards the wast and east-southeast from the divide. The majority ofthe site lies oa uie c£.-«cm sicla of the divide , resulting in az?n?rally vest direction of flow across much of the site.
Hydraulic continuity between the glacial drift and MarshallSandstone is variable in the project area. This concept is veryimportant as domestic wells in the project area are primarilycompleted in bedrock. As many of the dcosstic water well logs in thearea identify ext3nsive clay units in contact with bedrock (refer toFigure 10), it is not likely that hydraulic continuity exists in theseareas. Lateral continuity of these clays ?;culd impede the downwardmovement of groundwaters between aquifers*
Extensive clay or clay-rich units have been identified at theproject site. Across the southern and southeastern portions of thesite, particularly, a clay-rich unit has been identified in theborings for Observation Wells #2A, #3, #4 and #5. This unit maylikely act as an aquitard for the underlying aquifer and inhibit 'vertical groundwater movement and subsurface contamination* It is .-• ,.
!*•! ' Ilikely, however, that the Marshall Sandstone is in hydraulic \{ :;continuity with the overlying glacial drift (beneath the clay-richunit) underlying the project site* The characteristics of thesandstone at the northern end of the site, very fine grained andimpermeable, isolates the site from areas to the north (see boringlogs for Observation Wells #1, #6 and Boring 1A).
,
-53- 0000426
In su-rrAry, the hyiirolo^y of the Raymond Road Landfill sitegenerally consists of a proi:r:cl'":\ter divide trending north-northeast togouth-south«est uinjugh tlie tJ/jtcrn portion of the site, resulting ina V3st&m direction of srcvj-.d'vater flow across much of the site and anL-*;,-I: Liv.jticM ;.? flew across the southeastern portion. A bedrockhigh, the Ilirsivill £3*nci*v;ciU!, runs along the northern side of theU-n-fill. T.i2 sandstone is very dense, fine-grained, and icpsroeablein tl-J.s Iccaticn. H/drolcrtically, the Landfill is isolated from areasto xl ie nor th b-cuuxio of tr. 3 nature of the sandstone here. On aS-L^.rJ. tii^is, tlii I'-irsiiall "^.dstc-e is in hydraulic continuity withthe ^Iscial drift, tsceath tne project site. In some areas surroundingt;.j LLr.ciii.il, b"- :iT'Gr, it is likely that hydraulic continuity doss notexist.
-59-0000427
£t QUALITY
Ekickc: round
Cround;.7.t3r quality is similar throughout the Battle Creolep.rei. Vt'.ter quality records tu-e £.vc.ilzble for tb/5 Verona Well field,v.-hich lies north of trs srcudy sits* Included in Table 4 isinforraation gathered on water quality li-c^i tha Verona Y'sll Field andthe River Vail Field. u.i.G.S. re'jc/-d «oll-3 are located in the VeronaV.'ell
According to Vanlier (l£-33) and Black and Veatch (1976),groundwater in the Verona. V.'all Field near Raymond Road Landfill ishard to very hard, typically containing 310 us A total hardness asO.Co-,. Dominant ions are bicarbonate (KCCXj) with values near 300ng/1; and calcium (Ca), 87 ns/i; and magnesium ('•£), 22 mg/1. Iron(Fe) concentrations are near 0.6 ms/1, which is high and may beobjectionable ior some v. cer U3-3S. Suli te (SO.,) rr-r.-ps up to abouto60 ci3/l. Nitrate nitrogen is typically less than .01 irg/l. Chlorideconcentrations range from 2 to 22 mg/1, while sodium (Na)concentrations range from approximately 250 to 370 mg/1. Theconcentrations of these chemicals is within the expected range forwater in glacial materials of the area.
The above mentioned chemical concentrations typify both theVerona Well field and the* River Well field, ftwever, the River Well
. I Ifield is not suitable as a drinking water source because of the high tj| 'j 'concentrations of cadmium (Cd) at .05 mg/1 and silver (Ag) at .08mg/1. Drinking Water Standards are set at .01 mg/1 and .05 mg/1 forcadmium and silver respectively. Therefore, this water supply is notin use.
Domestic water sample analyses, as undertaken by the CalhounCounty Health Department, in the area of the Raymond Road Sanitary
000042.8
KXISTI:;G G:XTJM> WATER QUALITYRond Snnitary ].aiKU'ill Area)
Dau for^em n«ld C»t*Back BBd V»tch
.S. O»lo«le»lby C.C.Aiftea.
. Qpm HI* tapart After 7»-332, On«d fct«r
v^ ntBT 8tu» r Uy ef BatU« ri»it HlcMi
fprei/ic O-ftu-JcUnt(-'ffrsrti/o*
r:''..it; --.'. -i
CiiTaiil f*t>3"*'1«rus
ifi-vl ''-r/Jl
)-, — _.,^
'•• „'
Itfi 'ZisrDeter zmtMTo**! ::ij
T«*l :*V-O3
Tbtal O:lrrl!i«*Xy;-.-jToluc.«C-.-trJnf*- --,- r *
M&'.l
•.;.:':.-•:•-' a----.. .. u*jmini? Nilron.iiysonla Nitp^caTOtal (SOTCivermbU)2irucl'jnIDtU i'Jrtnen (EDIA)•Rrti.1 Altai laitrauifftuDlelDjlcal TMtCu-tea. <*¥iaia01»lvodSodltn DUolMdttefBlft
POlXiUlUveury 1M»1
9tlv«r
' • • -ir*
e.s-a.s (tr.v.);.o r., , i ;:'.c.)
Ci.uj : . - i l i".i . );.>.: r.-.-i i... •.:•r._-i — . * /j i ^ >
t.O rr-/l (;.'.C.)0.5rs/l (!'.".)
iOffe/j t-'J.P.)L5O r,-/i (i.'.C.)
0.010 rc/1 ("'•?.)1.0c«:/l (M.C.)
10 &m (U.S.)O.C3 re/i
300 ppa (U.S. )400 ng/1 (U.S. )250 C«/l (U.S.)
0.003 scA (P-S->o.a. IPA0.05 ci/1 (P.3.)0.8. IPA
Calhwa1
»•?!! D-.t*f .S .G. . . -.•?.-
cm7.t>
f«7t
.t'J CiVl
fc' — ' 4
- • -T/l
^ W/l
• OOcs/l
Itt ng/1
3 «/lj u-/i/-•I =•,:/!-OOrc/l-00«*/1
< 10 UR/13200C/1261 /l53««/l
l.T^A7.0fft/la«fA•Ol«/l
•Ouf/l
ou»n
CM^kJU^«oll tot a
n.^.5.5. ?"'—
7007.6
i -Lvi. - up/1Wi«/l
Ou«/l< 3 ui/1
< a
a? ^yi
.OHK/I
<OUf/l
Vcr«i»FLc-ld5/75-
SSO«.l
3G6 RC/1
«.(?* rrr/l
«.•.* i. ;/lc.a t^/i
22.0 r?-/l
<At *,//
< .irnn/1
310 w/1
60 mi/1
B.OHE/1
« .003 ••/!
.OSi»/l
Hlvwp 9T-ollHeldr/76
«.ftim»-*<-Oi ,.,.
^/*t/y
«.i mei
<.ooa»c^.«>«/]
- t»/l •uc/1 • Bt
per litwptr Hur
0000429
.dfill are presented in Table 5. Measured pora-Totcrs includel i form, detergent, nitrate, nitrite, chloride, chlorine, iron,.iu;n, n^rjsiu.Tj, culiava, total dissolved solids, and hardness.I if cm counts ware generally very low, as were nitrates, nitrites] d«tnr?ents. Iron ranged Iron 0 to 2.6 trrsn., which is typical of:th'.v5stera Mic>J.-:-T. Tl:c?e vv^lls alro shov.'ed elevated hardness..surtif.j£ii*i;s, ar.prcaciiiiig oOD ppa. /^ain, this range in chemicaluxn'«.ratic:.s i. .y L'J expected iii uie glacial materials of this area.
I-!
-62- 0000430
FCKECU) SANITARY L^-IDFILL AREA
by Calhoua County Health Department (Bnnctt Township)
• •'"£712/73'/lG/74'01./61
• f* ;.-?n-Y « y >-/
YC3/78
3/18/76
•9/12/67Jl/14/77'.L/27/4-i
11/21/6905/19/8010/26/76
01/26/7008/25/7803/30/76
01/20/7602/14/7808/05/6903/24/7105/30/72
LOCATION
1C3 Darle.ie930 E. JUi^ett Sc.325 K'jnnond«?»-,— T7- .— r-vy*H
409 West Jameson
221 Jameson
131 Hilliard St.150 dynlee233 lasracss
142 lAgrange130 McgrathNew Water Main onMcgrath116 Mcgrath8566 Verona9417 Verona
1217 Verona307 Westbrook314 TTestbrook315 Westbrook320 Westbrook
PARAMETERS (ppn)
Colif onn - 0
Nitrite - 0Colif orm - 9.2per 100 ml
Detergent - 0Qiloride - 33
Sodium - 27
TD - 192Ooliform - 0Dstersent - 0Nitrites - 0Coliioiro - 0Cbliforra - 0Hardness - 280Nitrite - 0Collfann -<1
Cblifonn - 0Nitrite - 0Oolif ana - 0Cblifonn - 0Iron - 2.3Colifonn - 0Oolifonn - 0Nitrite - 0•Gblifoxn - 0
Nitrate - 0Nitrate - 1.0Nitrate - 1.2Nitrate - 2.0
Nitrate - 0
Magnesium-6.8
Nitrate :-( .0Hardness - 292Nitrates - 0Nitrate - 0Nitrate - 0
Nitrate - 0Nitrate - 0.3
Chlorine - <10Nitrate - 0Nitrate - 0Nitrate - 0
Nitrate - 0Nitrate - 0Nitrate - 0Nitrate - 0Nitrate - 0
Detergent - 0Detergent - 0Detergent - 0Nitrite - .012
Iron - 0
Sulfate - 32.1
"Iron - 2.6
Detergents - 0Detergent - 0Detergent - 0
Detergent - 0Detergent - 0
Detergent - 0Detergent - 0Detergent — 0
Detergent - 0Detergent - 0Detergent - 0Detergent - 0Detergent - 0
ppn * parts per millionTotal Dissolved Solids
0000431
L O
KEY 10 /..
'.F) * Filterable
(-3) = Estimated value - may not be accurate
•"7/1 * Milll gran* per liter
(M.O.) = Kethyl Orange
il-l.S.) = Michigan DcpartT.ant of Public Health Drinking Water Standards
(M.C.) « National Interim Secondary Drinking Water Standards
(h.D.) = None Cotictsd
( H . P . ) a National Interim Primary Drinking Water Standards***
(M.S.) - No StandardsF
pp.-n * Parts Per Million
ppb s Parts Per Billion
0000432
vVH-AFDN TL-STING LABORATORY. INC.
•-. Vitr-r C-j-ility
Groundvater samples were collected from Observation Wells">\, #3, #4, and #5, the plant well at Blaskie Auto Body (northwest ofi'o site), the well at Hannah's Cement Products, Inc. (southeast of'>:~ site), and a residential well northwest of the site to determine-•••? -*iter quality at the Raymond Road Sanitary Landfill (see Figure 11for specific locations). As previously discussed, water samples couldnot be obtained from Observation Wells #1 and #6, as both resulted in"dry holes". The placement of these two wells confirms the presencec' an ir:;r2TT .bl3 bedroc- hi^h on the north end of the site gradinginto a beirccii valley across the central and southern portions of theLandfill. Because a groundwater divide exists across the easternportion of the site (trending approximately north-south, see .Figure28), the designation of upgradient and downgradient wells is. morecccple*. Observation Well #5 is located on the groundwater highoutside of the fill areas; it, therefore may be considered upgradientof Observation Wells #2, #3, #4 and the well at Hannah's CementProducts, Inc. The well at Blaskie Auto Body, because of itslocation, may - be considered as "upgradient" or background waterquality. Residence A, northwest of the project site, is a bedrockwell producing from the Marshall Sandstone. The results of the waterquality analyses are listed in Table 2.
Chloride concentrations ranged between 25 mg/1 in ObservationWell #3 to 130 mg/1 at Residence A. Sodium concentrations ranged,between 4.1 mg/1 in Observation Well #3 to 31 mg/1 at Residence A. Asa correlation exists in high and low values of these two parameters,it is likely that road salts are the primary source of sodium andchloride. The EPA Secondary Drinking Water Standard for chloride is250 rog/1, a level not exceeded in any of the obtained samples*
-as- 0000433
c cWATER QUAMTY HtEU.TS
Baymond Ropd I:'anitnry landfillBattle Cr«ekf Michigan
(all results caressed ; s mg/1 except whore noted)
ChlorideSulfateBicarbonate AUcallnityIronSpecific Conductance
urrhos/cmpH, S.U.MagnesiumCalciumSodiumGODTOGNitrate-NAmnonia-NPhenolsChromium, totalLeadCackniunPhosphateStatic Water Level, feet
O.W. #2
30.27.
240.0.11
400.7.2
19.38.5.11.
22.<0.10.29
<0.002<0.02<0.05<0.010.036
46.63
O.W. #3
25.29.
210.0.11
350.7.1
22.17.4.1
65.15.<o.i7.00.092
<0.02<0.05<0.010.068
38.06
O.W. #4
30.290.410.
0.48
700.6.8
40.150.21.6.4
20.<0.10.380.008
<0.02<0.05<0.010.003
49.04
O.W. #5
80.64.
240.0.37
550.7.1
22.48.20.4.0
30.<0.10.140.004
<0.02<0.05 T
<0.0l"0.003
29.81
ttnnroh's CementPresets, Inc.
:o.49.
2cO.0.34
500.7.2
22.45.5.73.2
15.<0.10.180.004
<0.02<0.05
1 <0.01<0.003
——
Bla skieAuto "apply
25.40.
200.0.19
400.7.1
18.38.5.53.2
10.<0.10.130.004
<0.02<0.05<0.01<0.003
———
Hesi'lenc -
130G.
560.l.G
S75.G.9
51.60.31.13.15.<0.1ox.-o.o:
<0.0:?o.:u
<0.01o.o:_ _
Analysis conducted by Canton Analytical Laboratory, Ypsilantl, Michigan.
Orffe0*
An Fi'A DriP.lting Water Standard for sodium does not exist;,,.jver, bad-. ground data indicates that undifferentiated glacial?posits nay contribute 21 c^/1 of sodium to the groundwaterJa;:..*ir.iij, U'SO). " -:J:: ound data in the area shows concentrations of..-.i .-.. 1.3 t--. •:•.-.- -n 7 rnd 27 mg/1. Both sodium and chloridernccr.trations appear to Us typical of the area.
Siilfate concentrations generally range betr.-aen 6 and 64 ms/1-site, v:itli tha exception of Observation Well #4 where a
.>oe::;,r- „-.<-.! of -"- ~;/l r..s e«-?.ov.ntered. At this time, this nay beoonsiiic ud £J* cr.c::'-'.lov.s concentration. Continued monitoring willccrxl-T-.'-. y dotorrir.e if there are elevated concentrations in this
i area frcra a localized source. As this well is located en the edge, oft»e pit used by the cement company , activities at that site maycontribute to this concentration. The EPA Secondary Drinking WaterStandard for sulfate is 250 ms/1 , which was only exceeded, inObservation Well #4.
c:— tc alkalinity concentrations ranged between 200 ng/1at Blaslide Auto Eody up to 530 ir /1 at Elesidence A. Although there isno EPA Drinking Water Standard for bicarbonate, background levels inthe area, are in the realm of approximately 275 rag/1. Glacialdeposits may contribute approximately 230 rag/I of bicarbonate to thegroundwater and bedrock approximately 260 mg/1 (Cunnings, 1980)*Generally, concentrations at the Landfill ranged between 200 and 250mg/1 1 with the exception of Observation Veil #4 and Residence A. Thelocations of these wells and the concentrations present does notindicate any upgradient-downgradient patterns.
Iron concentrations ranged between 0.11 mg/1 in ObservationWells #2 and #3 up to 1.6 mg/1 at Residence A. The EPA SecondaryDrinking Water Standard for iron is 0.3 mg/1, although levels insouthwestern Michigan are characteristically high. Glacial depositsmay contribute a mean concentration of 1*76 mg/1 of iron to the
-67- 0000435
;round*'ater , and bedrock may contribute up to 3.3 ms/1 (Cuimungs,L980). Residence A is a bedrock well, which may explain the highersonccntration. Background dr.ta for the project area indicates levelsvranging from 0.6 to 1.6 mg/1- Concentrations obtained frcra thesampling at the landfill are within the realm ol background data.
Specific conductance ranged between 350 umhos/cm atW
Observation "oil #3 to 875 at Residence A. Calhoun County well data(Table 5) ranges between 550 and 700 umhos/cm. Undifferentiatedglacial deposits may contribute a mean concentration of 518 umhos/cmand the Marshall Formation will typically contribute «191 umhos/cm tothe groundwater . The bicarbonate concentration in the well atResidence A may contribute to the elevated specific conductance atthat well* The remaining wells appear to result in concentrationstypical of the area* »
The E?A S3condary Drinking Water Standard for pU is a rangebetween 6.5 and 8.5 standard units. All of the samples obtained
a pH within this range (6*8 to 7.2 standard units)*
Magnesium concentrations ranged between 18 mg/1 at theBlaskie Auto Body well to 51 mg/1 at Residennce A. There is no EPADrinking Water Standard or U.S. Public Health Service recoomeodedlimit for magnesium. Background data tor this parameter was notavailable. Literature indicates that glacial deposits may contributea mean concentration of 20 mg/1 of magnesium to the groundwater andbedrock may contribute 24 mg/1 (Cunnings, 1980).
Calcium concentrations ranged between 17 mg/1 at ObservationWell #3 to 150 mgA &t Observation Well #4. It is anticipated thatthe elevated concentration at Observation Veil #4 is due to activitiesat Hannah's Cement Products, Inc. The remaining wells sampledresulted in concentrations typical of the area.
-68-0000436
a WHGATON TESTING LABORATORY, INC.
The chemical oxygen demand (OCX)) in the wells sampled rangedv.»n 1.0 irg/1 at Observation Well #2 to 65 irg/l at Observation WellAlthough there is no EPA Drinking Water Standard for COD, the EPA
Ccrred limit is less than 50 mg/1. Background informationjrding this parameter was not available. At the present time, the.uted COD concentration at Observation Well #3 is not understood..inued ncaitoring is needed to determine if this is an anomalous;e or if there is a localized source.
Total organic carbon (TOG) concentrations ranged between 10i at tha Blaskie Auto Body well to 30 cgA at Observation Veil #5.EPA preferred limit for TOO is 50 me/1, a level not exceeded in.of the samples.
tNitrogen, as nitrate and as ammonia, was analyzed for in the,
en samples. Nitrate, as nitrate, was less than 0.1 mg/1 (theoratory detection limit) in all of the obtained samples* Nitrogen,?rnr>nia, ranged between 0.13 mg/1 in the BlaskLe Auto Body well to
> mg/1 in Observation Well #3. Ammonia concentrations at the site,xadient and downgradient, appear to be elevated. As no patternsts, the source cannot be conclusively determined at the present
TS. Background data for Calhoun County indicates a concentration of) mg/1 for amaonia (Huffman, 1979); however, glacial deposits mayitribute a mean concentration of 0*23 mgA of ammonia to theDundwater, and bedrock may contribute 0.07 mg/1 (Cunnings, 1980).ntinued monitoring is necessary to obtain more informationiceraing this*"parameter.
iIPhosphate concentrations ranged- between less than 0.003 In
3 Hannahs1 well and Blaskie Auto Body well to 0.068 in ObservationLI #3. Background information for phosphate is very limited for theoject area. Glacial deposits and the Marshall Sandstone nayatribute 0.02 mg/1 of phosphorous to the ground#ater. The only
that appeared slightly elevated .is Observation Well #3.
0000437
:r^3 £ WHEATQU TESTING LABORATORY. INC. \i
Phenol concentrations ranged between less than 0.002 rag/1 inObservation Well #2 to 0.0021 mg/1 in Observation Well #3. CalhounCounty well data for 1976 indicates an average value of 0.002 mg/1 forphenols; and background data for Michigan indicates a meanconcentration of 0.0005 mg/1 of phenols nay be attributed to glacialdeposits and 0.001 maybe frcra bedrock (Marshall Formation). Becausespecific data for the project area is not available, it cannot beconclusively determined if the levels found from the sanpling areelevated or indicative of background water quality.
Heavy metal analysis included chromium, lead, and cadmium.Chrcmium concentrations were less than 0.02 mg/1 (laboratory detectionlimit) in all of the wells sampled. The EPA Primary Drinking WaterStandard for chromium is 0.05 mg/1. Cadmium concentrations were allless than 0.01 mg/1 in the wells. The EPA Primary DrinkingWater Standard for cadmium is 0.01 mg/1. Lead concentrattionsresulted in less than 0.05 mg/1 in. all of the wells, with theexception of Residence A where a concentration of 0.21 was found. TheEPA Primary Drinking Water Standard for lead is 0.05 mg/1, a level jexceeded in the well at Residence A. The source of the lead in thislocation is currently unknown and continued monitoring is imperative.
The water quality of the Raymond Road Landfill site indicatesa certain degree of degradation. However, there is no apparentpattern within the data to attribute this degradation to activities atthe landfill site, but the potential still exists. The past land usesof and adjacent to the site mist be considered in evaluating the lowlevel degradation'It1 the site. Since there is no pattern to theelevated parameters and because some parameters normally associatedwith landfill leachate are not'elevated, no"conclusive determination.-J& **• jcan be derived from the existing information. Continued monitoring at ;the sampling locations is necessary to create a data base from whichfurther correlations can be made.
0000438-70-
>_ter and Sewer Services
The City of Battle Creek currently supplies water and sewer^ ces to the areas west and northwest of the Raymond Road. Landfill
(see Figure 28). Although areas bordering the study area:ntly do not have municipal water, it is readily available throughCity of Battle Creek system. The Battle- Creek municipal water
w _n his as a major component, the Verona'Well field, which liesh of the study area. This well field contains 29 producing wells•h supply the total water requirements of the municipal water;en (see Table 8). Wells rxr.-e in diameter from 8 inches to 16
" .j 3 and in depth from 110 feet to 152 feet. The oldest active welldrilled in 1904 and the most recent in 1952, The aquifer from
ch these wells pump is the Marshall Sandstone*
Currently! residents in Qanett Township use private wells.topply water. Private well logs indicate that groundwater is»ailable from 11 feet to 56 feet below the land surface. Preliminaryview of available data shows that groundwatar elevations range. Jrcm
- --* . J—*V ,
-proxinately 820 feet to JBpjfjroxiii&tfely 870 feet above, mean sea leveli areas near the site. v' .-..--*». r .„ ,_
The City of Battle Creek also provides sewer services to ranchi the area surrounding the study site (see Figure 28). Sanitaryaewers have been installed in areas where it has baen requested byresidents. Westtorook and Vass Streets, which lie just south of theTnnrtfm site, currently do not have sanitary sewers.
-71-
0000439
c c
RAYMOND ROADSANITARY LANDFILL
RAYMOND f 04SAMI7ARY LA 1C F
'ALL , UN -C-NT*.
EXISTING MUr.CIF\ AT3R U 3^:W£,
SE V/ICu
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X
-S
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25 ii U i iiins sss Hi ! i ii Isss ssa« « sa e as * sa ** s « a = s 55 5 5 ss q 5 ;s »2 *« a sa e » £ »'— M "* "^ ""* "* . "*• « ""
S » •» SSSS 5
f i i n.i i r 11 f i §
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5 S 5* * » * M *«***•* »••<* S S • W • «W <•«<•!• «B *•22 88 3 itiiaa 359 ana a 3 its a*at t aa
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f*-£»»*:f*
s
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-I
3 3 ti 39 S 3 a 3 ^
!M^ S WHFATONJ TPSTlNG LABOnATORY, INC.
cxwcuisiCKSw
The following nay bo concluded from the results of theHydrogeologic Investigate:! xor tlio Pwiytrond Road Sanitary Landfillproject site.
*•"1. The Raymond Rood Sanitary Landfill is a Type II
facility which receives approximately 80%cardboard, 5% demolition wastes, and 15%
* general refuse. tfith the closing of manylaniiills in the region, the caount of domestic
\~s "garbage" the Landfill receives has recentlyincreased. It is anticipated that within the
' next year, the Landfill will convert to a Type *III facility and only accept wastes from the OKWrecking Company.
* 2. The area surrounding the Raymond Road Landfillproject site is primarily industrial withlocalized areas of older residentialdevelopments* Immediate areas north and eastof the site are undeveloped.
3. The geoligic materials beneath the Raymond RoadLandfill project site consists of densesandstone bedrock overlain tor sands and gravelswith extensive amounts of clay-rich materialsand discontinuous clay lenses. These clay-richunits and clay lenses appear to be continuous •beneath the majQp&ty of the site, acting .as anaquitard and providing a. degree of protectionto the underlying aquifer* -_
0000442
• 'S -~. vVr-icf A i Qf\j I ~ - Z 3 rir\n-j i_^,L^i_Jr--iA i i_)RY, INC.v
4. The groundwatf?r beneath the Raymond RoadSanitary Landfill lias been detected to range
v between approximately 838 to 852 feet aboveraean sea level. On the eastern edge of theLanoiill site txxsts a northeast to southv/e'Jttrending ground'-vater divide, directing
^ proundv;ater movement either to the general westor southeast away from the"site.
5. The groundwater quality beneath the Rayiaond^ Road Landfill site shows a minor degree of
degradation. Though ti.e potential exists fori, activities at the Landfill site to result in
this degradation, past land uses of andadjacent to the site oust be considered. Theinconsistency of the elevated parameters do notindicate a conclusive pattern*
6. There is only one indication of a water supply"* ; :
well* being impacted by degraded ground water.This bedrock well has been discussed asResidence A in the text of this report* Thewater quality from this well warrants furthermonitoring.
-75- 0000443
VHP.ATOM' TE3~tlN»j
HEOOC.WENOATIONS
As a result of the tlydrogeologic Investigation for theRoad Sanitary Landfill, the following is recocroended :
1. The sa. ?lins locations utilied for this reportshould be designated as monitoring wellsrespectively. These include the followinglocations :
?..) O.W. #2A e.) Blaskie Auto Body Wellb.) O.W. A'3 f .) Hannah's Cementc.) O.W. #4 Products, Inc. Welld.) O.W. #5 g.) Residence A
2. A quarterly water quality sampling programshould be established for the Raymond Road N i ,
i :
project site, according to the requirements of j ;the Resource Recovery Division, Michigan IDepartment of Natural Resources. i
i ;3. The following parameters should be sampled for i •i •
on a quarterly basis:
a.) Chlorideb.) Sulfatec.) Bicarbonated.) Irone.) Specific
Conductance
f .) Magnesium-C*) Calciumh.) Sodiumi.) Chemical Oxygen Demandj.) Total Organic Carbon
-76-0000444
NS S WtHEATON TESTING LABORATORY INC.
The following parameters should be sampled foron an annual basis:
a.) ailoriclcb.) Sult'atec.) Bicarbonated.) Ircne.) Speciiic
O>n w uc t*». sic 5f . a
h.) Calciumi.) Sodium
j.) C^eiinical Oxygen Demandk.) Total Organic Carbon1.) Phenolsm.) Nitrate Nitrogenn.) Ammonia Nitrogeno.) Total Chrcniump.) Total Cactniurnq.) Total Leadr*) Phosphate
0000445-77-
3 r. .WHLATON TESTING LABORATORY. INC.
REFERENCES
Ji Department of State Highways , 1970 , Field Manual _of SoilEryrirreorim (Fifth Edition). Lansing, Michigan.
\ Department of Agriculture, 1972, Soil Survey Interpretations SoilConservation Service, Marshall, Michigan.
and Veatch , 1976 , Comprehensive Water Study for the City ofCvStl3 Cr-ck, t!iehlgan« Kansas City, Missouri.
ffman, G. C., 1979, 1977 Ground-Water Data for Michigan: U.S.Geological Survey. I nsing, Michigan. v
»•,3d tke, Gerald a.nd Associates, Inc., 1973, The Calhoun County
Comprehensive Plan. Marshall, Michigan.
oh, B. P., 1974, Glacial Aggregate Evaluation in.Kalaimzoo Counttyand Vicinity, Michigan: Michigan Department of StateHighways, Lansing, Michigan.
ulier, K.E., 1966, Ground-Water Resources of the Battle Creek Area,Michigan: Michigan Geological Survey Water Investigation4.
unmlngs, T. R., 1980, Chemical and Physical Characteristics ofNatural Ground Waters in Michigan: A Preliminary Report:U.S. Geological Survey, Open File Report, 80-953.
0000446-78-
A'HEATUN TESMNG LABORATORY. INC.
Appendix I
U.S.G.S. Gau^inn: Station Records (1975-1978)
0000447
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julo^ic Hut OtOSOOO?. on right h.ink 3SO tlI'UM nuth.
cr v--"iu."«VMieT 19JO w S*ntei«*wr 1931, October 1952 to July 1933, Jnniury 191-t lo current year, Monthly discharge only for'
-. -," I1!': I ?*.'., 19«. US"' 1S07: l9Sb,
of R.i>.re is §;j.:i ft (:S0.9:i R) ahow iwm tea level (levels by WcMfJn DcpftrmuM of Natural«'. "nor f> MIY 1*. iiil. nonrccoiuir.g t-i^-, at fcuv uto
>d e^ct^i tlose for ptncvl* of no t^i-^.i(;ht n-ccrO, Jan. !9 to .July 7, whieK at» fur. Occational s l ight.r.iier I J ^ J . Several oo^.-rvjtioru o( i.Jtcr t<r?|>craturc MFC m;klc JurinK the year. Qorp» of hjisincvr* sat*-h
: :j; 1^:1.
.Z.-« years t^atcr yrirs l-.m. 193S-77), 197 f t»/« (S.S7V **/*), 11.10 in/>T (:a: un/yr).
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'
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31
TOTAL
NAKHIMersi»It.
» , . . - * -i 1 —— . - r 1 -, _ VV 1.. • I* , «
(V~;j.'.T YWR."Mw:rtjii discharge, 576 ftVt (16.3 »*/•) Apr. 1, gate height, 1.62 ft (0.494 *), frua graph based onc.i..t.ifc, 4J f:Vf (1.27 B»/S) fill. :». £;IJ;A height, 0.54 ft (.Ifti a).
HUCnABGF. IN Cu*IC ftt1 **.* SECAKD* WATM It** OCtOIC* 14»» TO «*Tt*«« I97T*fAI» VALUES
urt 'not ncc J**» ?l* MAD AM MAT ju* jut AUQ
1?J V8 12ft 81 b4 Hi bttf 244 74 "4 44It1*Hi'(*»l
130IAOIT J1*"1.10
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777*717^74
n
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ft TOTALT TOTAL
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, MI'Tli.. --1-11 :;•:*•:!!", ic:i; ;:*;:'il", ir, s.'i *-c.l, T.I S., R.B W., Ctlhotn Couity,^ ;_ \v •..-.-•. :'••-. fcri-,.: <..' l'.-r*i.ill Street in Tittle Creek.
Uiit OtOSDOOJ. on left bank 20 ft
:--:V/T XT.I.--S:* -' C.IM in1!.1
i..:,:,.) or r.'.sHU?. • -Jul i 1917 ta C^jrcr.t yc«r. :truMy discharge only for taae periods, publish*! in KST 1307.
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^ of. rn-,Tn-;l P. rtuaticn, below 1,500 ftVi (<2.5 •*/»), ew««d by p»,-«rpl«nts thovt tut ion.« *vr« r».J — .rir.g li» year.
y^rs, 651 ftVf ll".«« »Vi). 10.7* in/yr (
obiwvttieiu
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STttAHS THIBUTAinr ID lAtt MtCMW
'j« itvrru CKIK, MI,i.nr;-"».--!jt i:r:-J':v. iuus 6S«U'il". in SW> <«.!, T.2 S.. (LI fc'., Calhmn County. IMIrolofic Uiit U40MOOS, on left bank fl) ft
VL .., ,,,.-;;,-.. ; i w i i . .-ni. i-' :*.*.**! all 1.1-1 »n -iUIe CtVuk,
,.;1CV X1 RiC^-'-'. — .Mly 1337 la current ycjr. Monthly diwturjc only for MM perioJ*, [ubliihcd In *SP 1J07.. ' V i e i i |,r,w',s...v n o;«: l«|-»9. V\p IS!': I?3I, 194S-46, I'M*.
.VT..--.',UT-Mi -" j.vnrdef. Altitu.> cf ?."•:* is SIS ft (U3 n) [run tetxfraphic KIP (neartit S ft). IT tor to Oct. 1, 1957, watcr-tt - ; i,?-.. • -t SIP: *.? ai i" , f •"•) J^.Tistvon at different Ujtun. (Vlt. I, 1*»~. to J'jw IS, 1959, nonrtconiin^ gs.;* atI,. . . I: (. .. .-. -. . [.-<.*? -L u.;'i .'L.-.L dju.«. Joi.i.' ic, 1J3J, to Oct. 15, IJuO, n«n;uco>ilui( gaje at pnunt *»« and
•VArv".--P.----4- !. M'lr-.il fl:i.:fj.«ici. he lew l .SW ft»'s (4 J.S »*/*), caj»e.i hy poverplants above station. Several< ; ...r i. .-._.:.:'. ...rv »if: m^- uurit.fi tnc xw
••"ki'i, pis.?.'.':.',:1.,-— i yc.ri, 6>0 f tV* (1«.«1 »V»), 10.71 in/>r (J?2Apr. 7, 1947, g»)» height, 9.13 ft (2.7I3 el, sit* and ditin
t:.n in a..-, -iir,j.r.. M ftV» i.i--; «*/s) Sc;>t. ::, ]9i», fito ti.un in u»«; «irua» duly, ca ft»/» 12.44 a»/») Aug. S, lf«4.
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IOCAriCW.--Lu 41'19'W. lc^ Ii»U'SlN, In S»*j MC.l, T.I S., R.I V.. Ciltna County, Hydro logic Lhlc 040S000J, on lift twk 20 ft{i = } v:prtre».a fcm lrU.» on KcnUll Street i* frittlt &»•*.
OF 1ST t» oimnt )W. Hmthlr dlKtatf* onl? far MM ptrledi. publbtud In «> U07.«: 1WJ-J9. *»P 12*7: 1HI, 194S*4«, 1941.
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0000453
WHEATON TESTING LABORATORY. INC.
Appendix II
Area Water tfell Logs
0000454
RESIDENTIAL WELL LOGS
HAVE BEEN REDACTED – 29 PAGES
CONTAINS POTENTIAL PERSONALLY-IDENTIFYING INFORMATION
