Red Cross, Red Crescent Magazine. No. 2, 2010

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a

a R e W e a L L

d O n O R F a T I G e

C R I $ I S 1 n 1

C L I M a T e C a n G e

P O V e R T C O n F L I C T

First aid or allHaving condence to perorm simple, lie-saving skills

MigrationAs destination states get tough, migrants take greater risks

Henry Dunant – Gustave MoynierSeparated by the birth o a humanitarian movementRed Cross Red CrescentI S S E 2 . 2 0 1 0 r e d c r o s s . i n t

T H E M A G A Z I N E F T H E I N T E R N A T I N A L

R E D C R O S S A N D R E D C R E S C E N T M V E M E N T



The International Red Cross and

Red Crescent Movement is made up of theInternational Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC), the

International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent

Societies (IFRC) and the National Societies.

The International Committee o the Red

Cross is an impartial, neutral and independent

organization whose exclusively humanitarian

mission is to protect the lives and dignity o

victims o armed conict and other situations o violence and to provide them with assistance.

The ICRC also endeavours to prevent sufering by

promoting and strengthening humanitarian law

and universal humanitarian principles. Established

in 1863, the ICRC is at the origin o the Geneva

Conventions and the International Red Cross and

Red Crescent Movement. It directs and coordinates

the international activities conducted by the

Movement in armed conicts and other situations

o violence.

The International Federation o Red Cross

and Red Crescent Societies works on the basis

o the Fundamental Principles o the International

Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement to inspire,

acilitate and promote all humanitarian activitiescarried out by its member National Societies to

improve the situation o the most vulnerable

people. Founded in 1919, the IFRC directs and

coordinates international assistance o the

Movement to victims o natural and technological

disasters, to reugees and in health emergencies.

It acts as the ocial representative o its member

societies in the international eld. It promotes

cooperation between National Societies and

works to strengthen their capacity to carry out

efective disaster preparedness, health and social

programmes.

The International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement

is guided by seven Fundamental Principles:

humanity, impartiality, neutrality, independence, voluntary service, unity and universality.

All Red Cross and Red Crescent activities have one central purpose:

to help without discrimination those who sufer and thus contribute to peace in the world.

Itrtiol Frtio of

R Cross R Crsct Socitis

National Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies

embody the work and principles o

the International Red Cross and Red Crescent

Movement in more than 186 countries. National

Societies act as auxiliaries to the public authoritieso their own countries in the humanitarian eld

and provide a range o services including disaster

relie, health and social programmes. During

wartime, National Societies assist the afected

civilian population and support the army medical

services where appropriate.

ICRC



One ndRed eaRS go this yr, two

fours of th Itrtiol R Cross

R Crsct Movmt, ry dut

Gustv Moyir, pss wy. although thy

i oly fw moths from ch othr, thy i

ot i s fris. I fct, ths two ky Movmt

rchitcts — th visiory ilist dut

th ‘builr’ Moyir — wr ply t os.

Thir isgrmts rg from pricipl bt

ovr th Movmt’s rol irctio to ptty

squbbls ovr tctics jlousy ovr public

rcogitio — oft xprss i sippy p--

ik xchgs, commcig curtly with “Mosiur”.

Still, without both of ths m, th Movmt s

w kow it woul probbly ot xist. This yr, th

cotributios of th two m th rltioship

btw thm r big commmort with

sris of vts xhibits (s rticl o pgs

22-23). aftr lst yr’s clbrtios i Solfrio,i which w ft dut’s ispirtiol rol,

2010 ors chc to rct o th prticulr

cotributios of Moyir.

Builig o dut’s ispirtio, Moyir’s ogg

prsistc, politicl skill xtrm work thic

sur tht th Itrtiol Committ for

Rlif to th Wou (s it ws th kow) h

prmt promit plc both i globl

forums o th bttll.

Th 100th ivrsry of dut Moyir’s

ths my lso b goo tim to rct o

th rol of bt ivrsity withi th

humitri sctor th Movmt, s wll s

i this mgzi. If two Movmt fours c

isgr so strogly still lv such powrful

lgcy, th th ivrsity of viws pprochs

vit i th humitri l is i fct sig

of strgth. W my ot stop wrfr, turl

isstrs, fmi iss i th xt 100 yrs,but through bt, iscussio isgrmt

w will lr from mistks, improv our rspos

xp our humitri impct.

Editorial

I S S E 2 . 2 0 1 0 | R E D C R S S R E D C R E S C E N T | 1

The ounders’ legacy

One hundred years

ater the death o

Dunant and Moynier,

these questions are

as relevant as ever

as we continue to

refne our role and

our relationships with

other players within a

complex and growing

humanitarian space.

I Henry Dunant (above), the visionary who inspired theMovement, and Gustave Moynier (below), the ‘builder’ who had

the political skill and determination to make it work.

Photo o Dunant: Frédéric Boissonnas/ICRC; photo o Moynier: Pierre

George/ICRC

I rct survy of Red Cross Red Crescent

mgzi rrs, my si thy woul lik to s

mor ivrsity of viw rct i th pgs of this

mgzi. amog othr thigs, thy woul lik

us to o lss Movmt slf-promotio mor

rticls tht sk tough qustios brig mor

xtrl viwpoits. I this itio, this is rct

i svrl storis tht ris importt qustios:

• ar w losig grou i th ght gist IV?

• ow o w sur uivrsl ccss to rst

i wh v my vlop coutris r fr

from rchig this gol?

• ow c th Movmt full th strtgy of

ssistig migrts ‘irrspctiv of sttus’ giv th

complx vst tur of th problm?

a i comig issus, w will hv storis tht

xmi whthr th vry humitri ctio

ispir by dut Moyir somtims cuss

uit hrm — prologig coict, crtig

pcis or comptig with locl coomis.

O hur yrs ftr th th of

dut Moyir, ths qustios

r s rlvt s vr s w cotiu

to r our rol our rltioships

with othr plyrs withi complx

growig humitri spc.

Red Cross Red Crescent mgzi

c bcom importt forum for

iscussios of ths issus i th

Movmt w wlcom your

commts bout our covrg log

th wy.

Malcolm Lucard

Editor, Red Cross Red Crescent



First transitionalsheltersas rlif workrs rsits

scrmbl to protct vulrbl

cmpmts from th loomig

hurric sso this summr,som of th rst trsitiol

shltrs bg to ppr i th

mkshift cmps of Port-u-Pric’s

Cité Solil ighbourhoo.

M from th cmp work

logsi R Cross-tri

crptrs volutrs i

costructig th rst of 300

trsitiol shltrs — smll

woo-frm houss with

corrugt iro roofs. Th projct

mrks th rst tim tht th R

Cross hs scur public l

for costructio of trsitiol

shltrs.

Mwhil, th iti

govrmt hs gr to llow

th costructio of othr 800

trsitiol shltrs i L Pist,

o of th biggst cmps housig

som 50,000 popl i Port-u-

Pric. Th sit hs b clr

IFRC Ci R Cross

tms r survyig th plot. Th

Ci, Spish dutch R

Cross Socitis r lso builig

homs outsi th cpitl iLéogâ, Jcml Ptit Gov.

Volutrs r prprig for

th hurric sso by stppig

up isstr prprss fforts,

pr-positioig rlif supplis

rplcig trpulis big

us by 80,000 houshols, s

wll s hlpig 50,000 mor

fmilis i .

Sanitation situation direMor rsourcs solutios

r urgtly to supportiti uthoritis to provi

improv sittio srvics to

th 2 millio popl ct

by th 12 Jury rthquk,

ccorig to rport rls this

summr by th IFRC.

Th R Cross R Crsct,

l by th iti ntiol R

Cross Socity, hs built lmost

2,700 ltris i cmps cross

Port-u-Pric, ch y

istributs 2.4 millio litrs of

cl wtr — ough for 280,000

popl. owvr, t lst hlf of

th irctly ct popultio r

yt to s y improvmt i thir

sittio wtr situtio.

China’s Yushu quakesurvivors ace tough

winterWith sow ustig th irport

i mi-Ju — th mrcury

swigig btw zro grs

Clsius t ight 20 urig th

y — R Cross R Crsct

volutrs st i ushu, Chi

r worri tht homlss survivors

of th 2010 rthquk will fc

witr without qut shltr. O

th rmot, wiswpt 4,000-mtr-

high Qighi pltu, tht ms

tht tmprturs r likly to

plug to mius 25 grs Clsius.

“Th costructio prio is

rltivly short, bcus witr

coms s rly s Octobr, so it will

b hug chllg for popl hr

to complt thir houss bfor

th,” sys eks Chu, lr of

smll tm from th R Cross

Socity of Chi, og Kog spcil

miistrtiv rgio brch.

From earthquakes tomajor eventsaftr vsttig 7.8 mgiturthquk hit Chi’s Sichu

provic two yrs go, Wg Xi

u ws o of th octors from

Chis R Cross hospitl who

cr for locl villgrs r th city

of Miyg.

By cotrst, his rol t rst-

i post t Shghi’s expo 2010,

which is xpct to rw 70 millio

visitors hs ttrct 189

coutris, is fr mor st.

St by 165 volutrs R

Cross octors i rottig 16-hour

shifts, th rst-i posts r o wy

for th Movmt to b ivolv i

o of this yr’s mjor itrtiol

vts. “Our work hr ivolvs

ICRC challenges blockadeI th wk of th cofrottio

btw Isrli forcs ctivists

o otill hig for th GzStrip i lt My, th ICRC hs put

th focus o th closur impos by

Isrl o Gz. For th rst tim, ICRC

hs cll th closur “collctiv

puishmt” tht violts Isrl’s

obligtios ur itrtiol

humitri lw.

“Th closur is hvig

vsttig impct o th 1.5

millio popl livig i Gz,” si

Bétric Mégv-Roggo, th

ICRC’s h of oprtios for th

Mil est. “Tht is why w r

urgig Isrl to put to this

closur cll upo ll thos who

hv iuc o th situtio,

icluig ms, to o thir utmost

to hlp Gz’s civili popultio.”

Th ICRC lso rw its cll to

th Plstii group ms to llow

fmily cotct with Isrli solir

Gil Shlit, who hs b ti

by ms sic 2006.

Agatha makes or rough

times in Central AmericaMuslis, sik hols, collpsig

ifrstructur, rivrs ooig thir

bks. Th hvy ri ccompyig

Tropicl Storm agth rsult i

sris of ly clmitis i Ctrl

amric urig fw short wks

ovr th summr.

“Th sp t which th

storm form touch

l complict th situtio

cosirbly,” sys Flip l Ci,

isstr mgmt lgt with

th IFRC’s P amric disstr

Rspos it, which is ow hlpig

th rgio to buil o prprss

orts iitit ftr urric Mitch

i orr to mitigt futur storms.

mior srvics, such s proviig

bg or lig out whlchirs,”

sys Wg, who ormlly works

i th ifctious isss uit of

Shghi’s R Cross ush

ospitl. Sustrok blistrs rth most commo ilmt ctig

visitors, expo rst-i workrs si.

Kyrgyzstan still tensealog with th R Crsct Socitis

of Kyrgyzst zbkist, th

ICRC cotius to or micl,

foo, wtr, sittio fmily-

trcig srvics to ts of thouss

of rfugs i zbkist, s wll

s to thos isplc ftr violc

rupt i Kyrgyszst i Ju.

Tsios r still high, with victimssurig from p psychologicl

scrs, rports Pscl Mig Wgr,

th ICRC’s h of oprtios for

estr europ Ctrl asi. “W

fr tht tsios will ot b rsolv

soo, tht thos currtly

ct will furthr protctio

ssistc util, hopfully, th

situtio ormlizs,” sh si.

Relie or IDPs risesRoughly 4.6 millio itrlly

isplc popl (IdPs) i

33 coutris bt fromhumitri ssistc provi

by th ICRC, i ssocitio with

ntiol R Cross R Crsct

Socitis, i 2009. Tht’s 20 pr ct

mor th i 2008.

Th ICRC vot pproximtly

15 pr ct of its oprtiol bugt,

or 150 millio Swiss frcs, to rss

th s of popl riv from thir

homs u to rm coict

othr violc. “Th hrship fc

by millios of isplc m, wom

chilr rou th worl,

by th rltivs or commuitis tht

oft tk thm i, is xtrm

c cotiu for cs,” si a

Zi, h of th ICRC’s IdP projct.

In brief...

2 | R E D C R S S R E D C R E S C E N T | I S S E 2 . 2 0 1 0

M a r k o K o k i c / I C R C

I C R C

R e d C r o s s S o c i e t y o f C h i n a ,

o n g K o n g s p e c i a l

a d m i n i s t r a t i v e r e g i o n b r a n c h





FIFTeen eaRS aGO, octors livr

nzrov strtlig uwlcom pic of

ws. at th g of 19, sh ws ocilly IV

positiv. as wll s lttig hr kow tht hr log-

trm progosis ws prtty much o-xistt, of-

cils m hr sig form ckowlgig hr IV

sttus tht sh ws wr tht trsmittig th

virus to yo ls ws puishbl by lw.

Prvtio cmpigs th cosrvtism of

Blrus’s crky public hlth pprtus oly co-

rm hr grim prospcts. “at tht tim, I rlly flt

my lif ws ovr tol myslf tht,” sys nzrov,

who h b usig rugs throughout hr tg

yrs. Th suig “rful yrs” pss i blur.

“Sic I h oly fw moths to liv, I ci to

joy whtvr tim I h lft.”

nzrov sc furthr ito hr ictio.

rs pss nzrov — spit hr ow

bst orts — liv. Th tirtrovirl (aRV) rugs

itrouc i Blrus soo ftr sh lr of hr

sttus wr workig thir pculir br of timi-

crobil mgic.

nzrov vtully kick hr ictio isow op bout hr IV-positiv sttus, works

s Blrusi R Cross volutr pr uctor.

I oly proxicl wy, IV sv hr lif, but

oly bcus sh coul ccss tirtrovirl thrpy

(aRT) — somthig tht th mjority of popl liv-

ig with IV r still ubl to o.

Lie-extending miraclea tstmt to th lif-givig powr of aRV rugs,

nzrov’s xpric is bcomig uxcptiol.

Th IV rspos hs com log wy sic th is-

s rst mystriously mrg from th jugls of

Ctrl afric mor th 30 yrs go.

dcs billios of ollrs i rsrch ltr,

it hs morph from trmil iss ito m-

gbl chroic coitio — lrgly thks to th

vt of aRV rugs.

Financial crisis and growing poverty could reverse decades o HIV/AIDS progress

“It is ironic this crisis

is occurring at the

very moment in

history where we

can see, or the very

frst time, a way

out o this terrible

epidemic.” Julio Montaner, president

o the International AIDS Society

and Director o the British

Columbia Centre o Excellence in

HIV/AIDS


AIDS index 33.4 millio [31.1 millio–35.8 millio]

popl r livig with IV worlwi

5.2 millio popl i low- mil-icom

coutris r ow rcivig lif-svig aRV

rug thrpy

2.7 millio [2.4 millio–3.0 millio]

popl wr wly ifct i 2008

2 millio [1.7–2.4 millio]

popl i of aIdS-rlt illss i 2008

Are we alllosing focuson HIV/AIDS?



as bous, vic ow suggsts tht

th vry mictios tht prolog lif lso pot-

tilly hol th ky to hltig trsmissio ltogthr.

nvrthlss, v s scitists cquir grtr i-

sight ito how th virus c b coti —

possibly vquish ltogthr — th cil crisis,

coupl with oor ftigu moutig criticism

ovr th costs of IV progrmmig, is thrtig to

ril cs of progrss.

Morovr, aRT progrmmig cotius to b

stymi by lck of fuig follow-up, poor i-

frstructur, isucit tstig, ocil lssitu

stigm. evry yr, stimt 2 millio po-

pl still i of aIdS-rlt illsss — mkig IV

th lig ifctious killr i th worl toy.

accorig to th dcmbr 2009 Joit it

ntios Progrmm o IV/aIdS (naIdS) Report

on the Impact of the Global Financial and Economic

Crisis on the AIDS Response, th prctg of cou-

tris rportig problms i mitiig aRV pro-

grmmig ros from 11 to 21 pr ct. From th

totl umbr of survy coutris, 59 pr ct x-

pct impct o prvtio progrmms ur-ig th xt 12 moths. Ths coutris r hom

to 75 pr ct of th popl livig with IV. Filly,

th rport’s uthors ot: “It is ticipt tht th

crisis, togthr with th icrsig m for

trtmt, will hv srious gtiv impct o

tirtrovirl trtmt i th log ru.”

A growing needa shift towrs rlir trtmt is likwis puttig

stri o ovrbur hlth systms mk-

ig ky oors qustio to wht xtt thy c

cotiu fuig aRT progrmms. Wh th

Worl lth Orgiztio (WO) m its

‘wh-to-strt’ guilis upwrs from Cd4

cout of 250 to 350, th umbr of popl o-

cilly rquirig trtmt lso ros rmticlly

(Cd4 clls iitit th boy’s rspos to ivig

micro-orgisms such s viruss).

I 2008, th ssssmt of ws bout 9.7

millio popl. Followig th oucmt of th

w guilis, th stimt of roughly ou-

bl — v s th globl i viromt bg to

rl ur cotiuous fusill of cil shocks.

Morovr, v though th pmic pk i

1996, th umbrs of wly ifct popl co-

tiu to climb, lbit mor slowly th i th pst.For vry two popl who bgi trtmt,

v mor will bcom ifct. I som coutris

ovrll prvlc is bgiig to ug upwrs

L Thanks to antiretroviral drug

therapy, Hanna Nazarova o Belarus

is looking at a brighter uture. She

spends much o her time ocusing

on prevention as a volunteer or the

Belarusian Red Cross, counselling

others living with HIV or who are

practising risky behaviours.

Photo: Jean-Luc Martinage/IFRC




gi ftr mor th c of stbl or cli-

ig rts. I g, for xmpl, th govrmt

rports tht prvlc ros to 6.4 pr ct i 2009

from 6 pr ct four yrs go.

I sub-Shr afric, growig proportio of

w css r occurrig i olr popultios, whil

i th it Stts, The New England Journal of

Medicine rports tht prvlc rts mog cr-ti groups (most otbly youg blck gy m)

r comprbl to thos fou i th most bly

ct afric coutris.

elswhr i estr europ th formr So-

vit Bloc, naIdS rports tht th virus is mkig its

stlthy wy from ‘coctrt pimics’ mog

ijctig rug usrs sx workrs ito th

grl popultio. Sic 2001, IV prvlc i

Russi, estr europ Ctrl asi hs roughly

oubl, mkig th rgio hom to th worl’s

most rpily xpig pimic.

“Donor atigue is real”It is suy sprig y i owtow Vcouvr,

C, but th bright light brly ptrts th

uorsct gloom of lig IV rsrchr Julio

Motr’s crmp oc t th ivrsity of Brit-

ish Columbi’s St Pul’s ospitl.

Th prsit of th Itrtiol aIdS Socity

irctor of th British Columbi Ctr of excl-

lc i IV/aIdS, Motr hs o groubrk-

ig rsrch which rst show tht highly ctiv

tirtrovirl trtmt (aaRT) rmticlly r-ucs trsmissio. Th problm is how to gt tht

trtmt to thos who it.

“door ftigu is rl,” sys Motr tly. “Gov-

rmts, multi- biltrl oors r ll lookig

to cut costs. It is iroic this crisis is occurrig t th vry

momt i history whr w c s, for th vry rst

tim, wy out of this trribl pimic.”

I 2006, Motr his tm mostrt

tht aaRT supprss rplictio to th poit tht

th virus coul ot b pss o. a WO-uthor r-ticl subsqutly publish i The Lancet i Jury

2009 mostrt through mthmticl mollig

tht th combitio of ul uivrsl volutry

tstig immit trtmt with aRVs coul

ruc IV trsmissio by 95 pr ct i t yrs.

Morovr, Motr his tm r ow ucovr-

ig vic tht IV is i fct ‘chroic immtory

coitio’ tht c cus vrity of lif-thrtig

ilmts (hrt iss, smll vi thromboss

icrs liklihoo of strok) v bfor it wrks

hvoc o th immu systm — o mor rso to

bgi thrpy s rly s possibl.

Toy, naIdS hs mbrc th rpi xp-

sio of tstig aRT ccss (ow kow s ‘tst

trt’) hs m aRT for prvtio th c-

trpic of globl voccy orts. Th mi stum-

blig blocks, vocts cot, r both growig

rluctc to fu log-trm aRT progrmms

th cotiu ibility of th most highly bur

impovrish coutris to mout ctiv

rspos bs o ‘lck of bsorptiv cpcity’ — i

lyprso’s spk: iqut ifrstructur, i-

qut stg growig povrty.

Accountability vs saving livesaccorig to o-govrmtl humitri

orgiztios workig i th l, th impct of

cutbcks is lry big flt bos ill for th

futur of aRT xpsio. Frçois L Go, th IFRC’s

h of zo for Southr afric, ots tht volu-

trs r lry sig rop i th umbrs of

popl rollig i aRT.

“W t th R Cross R Crsct r lso r-

lly bgiig to fl it,” sys L Go. “doors r

shiftig thir prioritis, thir focus is bcomig

rrowr w r sig thm isist o grtr

ccoutbility — oft t th xps of th vry

progrmms thmslvs.”

Prhps th biggst isppoitmt is S gov-

rmt cisio to put th brks o its IV fu-

ig commitmts. Th Prsit’s emrgcy Pl

for aIdS Rlif (PePFaR), which ws wily lu

s th Bush amiistrtio’s oly forig policy suc-

css story, plg S$ 15 billio i 2003 to com-

bt IV ovr v-yr prio. I 2008, bfor th

globl coomic mltow hit, Cogrss icrscotributios to S$ 48 billio.

although S Prsit Brck Obm plg

to icrs ul spig by S$ 1 billio urig


Last year, the

overall amount

o money that 70

National Societies

worldwide were

able to raise or the

Global Alliance was

36 million Swiss

rancs — a 22 per

cent drop rom 2008

levels.

Number of people living with HIV

40

30

20

10

0

1990

N u m b e r ( m i l l i o n s )

1993 1996 20021999 2005 2008

Number of people newly infected with HIV

5

4

3

2

1

0

1990

N u m b e r

( m i l l i o n s )

1993 1996 20021999 2005 2008

I The story behind the charts:

Worldwide, the number o people

inected with HIV continues to climb

(top), while the number o new

inections is generally declining. That

means a growing number o people

need access to HIV treatment; but

it also shows the contribution HIV

drugs are making towards reducing

transmission. Meanwhile, the

prevalence o HIV is rising within

certain groups in the S and Europe,

while regions such as Eastern Europe,

Russia and Central Asia have seen

the prevelance o HIV nearly double

since 2001.

Source: NAIDS Aids Epidemic pdate 2009



his lctio cmpig, i 2009 h rqust tht

Cogrss oly pprov S$ 366 millio for 2010.

cit th rcssio th cssity of rfocusig

orts o th ir omstic situtio.

O th grou, shortgs r lry big flt.

nth For, h of th micl uit for Mécis

ss Frotièrs (MSF) South afric, corms tht th

situtio is v mor ir th ws rports sug-gst. “W r ot oly hrig rports of aRV stock

outs [shortgs] i PePFaR coutris, but w r s-

ig fr mor ‘trtmt migrts’ — popl who r


A holistic, globalapproachIn Malawi, Red Cross volunteers work with local

men, women and children raising vegetables, as

part o a nutrition programme or people with

HIV. In Zimbabwe, volunteers support orphanswho have lost one or two parents by protecting

them with shelter, paying school ees or helping

grandparents provide care.

These are just a ew o the activities o Red Cross

Red Crescent volunteers throughout Southern Arica

engaged in the struggle against HIV/AIDS. They are

also part o the Southern Arica regional component

o the Global Alliance on HIV — an approach adopted

by National Societies in 2007 — which has been

piloting programmes in ten o the highest-prevalence

countries in Southern Arica.

As part o the programme, volunteers have been

trained to deliver a wide range o services including

home-based and community care, support or AIDS

orphans, peer-to-peer education, ood security, harm

reduction and prevention programmes to combat

stigma and discrimination.

In 2009 alone, some 7,700 volunteers were trained in

programme implementation in Southern Arica; 103,897

orphans received psychosocial support; 81,645 people

living with HIV/AIDS received psychosocial and treatment-

adherence support; and, in some key areas, Red Cross

Red Crescent staf and volunteers provided access to ART

treatment where governments cannot.

The problem is that unding or these

programmes is waning. Last year, the overall amount

o money that 70 National Societies worldwide were

able to raise or the Global Alliance was 36 million

Swiss rancs — a 22 per cent drop rom 2008 levels.

Meanwhile, total Global Alliance unding is alling ar

short o the original 347 million Swiss ranc appeal.

“At the time when we are ready to — and should

be — scaling these eforts up, we are seeing the

global unding commitment decreasing,” says IFRC’s

manager o the global HIV, tuberculosis and malaria

programmes, Getachew Gizaw.

Within the Movement, National Societies

and the IFRC must step up resource mobilization

and humanitarian diplomacy activities, he says. I

comprehensive HIV programmes can be scaled up —

at a time when there’s clear evidence that ART helps

prevent transmission — the grass-roots network o

volunteers mobilized or these projects ofers a chance

to make a real and lasting impact.

L Pedro Rosário Saide, home-based care volunteer or the Mozambique Red Cross Society, brings HIV support to rural areas. “Many people

sufer in my community,” he says. “And why do we need outside help i I can help?” Photo: Damien Schumann/IFRC

trvllig log istcs to ccss micis.”

Th frthr popl hv to trvl, th lss likly

thy r to comply with rug rgims. “This sts up

th prfct coitios for rsistc icrs

trsmissio,” h sys. “I this l, complic is

vrythig.”

Overwhelmed health systemsaccorig to L Go, prvtio progrmms tr-

gtig vulrbl groups r o th w , l-

though wispr trtmt itrruptio hs ot

40,000,000

35,000,000

30,000,000

25,000,000

20,000,000

15,000,000

10,000,000

5,000,000

02005

2006 2007 2008 2009

Resources mobilized by National Societies andused for HIV programmes in Africa (in CHF)

SouthernAfrica

EasternAfrica

West &Central

Africa

100,000

80,000

60,000

40,000

20,000

0

2005

SouthernAfrica

EasternAfrica

West &CentralAfrica

2006 2007 2008 2009

PLHIV supported by African National Societies

LI Since 2005, the number o people living with HIV (PLHIV) who are ofered psychosocial, treatment

adherence and/or home-based support by Southern Arican National Societies has risen overall to more

than 80,000 people (see graph above). Meanwhile, the graph on the right shows that unding mobilizedby the ten National Societies within the Southern Arica zone — which continues to make the largest

contribution to the Global Alliance — has allen since 2007. Sourc: Globl allic o IV Globl Rport for 2009



occurr (yt), w rolmts r ow — v s

th ssssmt of spiks. “lth systms r

ovrwhlm support from othr hum-

itri ctors to sur hrc to trtmt t

th commuity lvl,” sh sys, ig tht icrs-

ig ccoutbility ms from oors r mor

th my orgiztios c cop with.

Th upshot, sh sys, is tht smll mor im-bl implmtig o-govrmtl orgiztios

(nGOs) r closig thir oors turig clits

wy. “Prvtio is o logr big fu to th

sm xtt hom-bs cr is rlly sur-

ig. It is srious, srious situtio,” sys L Go. Sh

lso ots tht progrmms focusig o utritio

r icrsigly bst with fuig shortflls. nutri-

tious foo ot oly bls thos livig with IV to

sty hlthy s thy rol i aRV progrmms, but

hlps voi mictio si cts.

“ou c’t rss IV without rssig

th bsic rquirmts of foo scurity,” sh sys.

“W’v ll work so hr to stblish holistic p-

proch to IV prvtio, trtmt, cr sup-

port ow w r sig ll of tht hr work

com to othig.”

aig to th icrsigly isml i viro-

mt r critics who chrg tht rsourcs r big

sipho wy from othr isss — tht IV pro-grmms r too ‘vrticl’ (i.., tht thy oly bt

thos ct by IV) tht thy r gobblig

up th lio’s shr of scrc rsourcs — clims tht

For rfuts s compltly ufou.

“IV progrmms ccout for o-fourth of

MSF fuig bcus w still cosir it hu-

mitri mrgcy,” h sys. “It is’t possibl

to mov wy from IV. Th vry otio tht IV

is rcivig isproportiot mout of fuig

is ot corrct ot bs o pimiologiclly

sou vic.”


Once a guitar player in a local Kiev rock band

and a ormer long-time drug user, Volodymyr

Moiseyev is now a social worker at a syringe-

exchange point in an AIDS centre in Kiev, the

capital o Ukraine.

“I managed to get out o drugs but I have seen

many o my riends die,” he says, as he looks or

some krainian ‘underground’ rock music to put onhis CD player. “I also have a daughter and I know it is

so important to prevent her rom going through the

ordeal I went through.”

Because injecting drug users make up one o the

groups most afected by HIV, the krainian Red Cross

Society has included the syringe-exchange project,

in partnership with NGs such as Eney (‘drug users

anonymous’), as part o its HIV programme.

“Drug users, some o them living with HIV, can

saely come to exchange syringes and needles,” says

Moiseyev. “But I am also here to talk to them, share theirconcerns and answer their questions over a cup o tea.”

The krainian syringe exchange is part o a holistic

approach that educates people about how to protect

themselves, helps them cope and stay on proper

treatment, provides a sae haven ree o social stigma

and keeps them — and their

immune systems — as healthy

as possible.

With the support o sister

societies such as the American,

French and Italian Red Cross (and

in the past, the Netherlands Red

Cross), the krainian Red Cross has

also established a visiting nursesprogramme to help clients who

need additional support. The nurses

not only bring ood parcels, they also

help with applications or benets

when necessary and provide all

kinds o advice and services.

“Working with people living

with HIV and ghting stigma

against them has been at the core

o our policy,” says Alla Khabarova,

executive director o the krainian

Red Cross Society.The reason why the exchange

point has been so popular is that

it is one o the ew places in Kiev

where drug users can come and

get some support without ear o

getting into trouble with the authorities. For those

living with HIV, the threat is even greater as they

are likely to be rejected by neighbours and amily

members due to the high level o stigma.

L Social worker Volodymyr Moiseyev not only exchanges syringes but provides psychosocial support to clients, many o whom a re livingwith HIV. “I always take some time to share a cup o tea with them beore they go,” he says. Photo: Jean-Luc Martinage/IFRC

Fighting stigmaand reducingharm — one cupo tea, one needle

at a timeBy Jean-Luc Martinage




Stf embl, h of rsourc mobiliztio for

th Globl Fu to Fight aIdS, Tubrculosis M-

lri, lso corms tht oors r strtig to qustio

currt fuig lvls. “I o’t ss thr is oor f-

tigu with th Globl Fu or th issus tht w l

with, but I woul sy tht th currt scl viro-

mt is icribly icult oors r lttig us

kow tht,” h sys. “all thigs big qul, with thw [WO] guilis, costs will go up substtilly s

w sk to gt mor popl o trtmt.”

Whil eric Goosby, S globl aIdS cooritor,

isists tht th S agcy for Itrtiol dvlop-

mt is ot plig to ‘cp’ rolmts, h os

coc tht th S will ot push to implmt th

w guilis i afric. PePFaR is optig ist to

cut costs ggrssivly by courgig th vtul

trsfr of rsposibility for aIdS trtmt to gov-

rmts surig tht xistig cliics r up to

scrtch, rthr th opig mor. Th orgiztio

is lso courgig implmtrs to trt th sickli-

st ptits rst — strtgy tht, whil it mks

crti mout of ss, critics com s short-

sight fr mor costly i th log ru.

Test and treatFormr WO pimiologist Bri Willims, co-u-

thor of th smil ‘tst trt’ Lancet molligppr, sys tht lyig trtmt is ttmout to

tllig wom with brst ccr tht sh s

to bcom trmil bfor sh c rciv chmo-

thrpy. “Look,” h sys, “wh you fctor i tht

trtmt stops trsmissio th it bcoms o

brir. So why r’t w oig it?”

Willims ots tht lyig trtmt cp-

pig rolmt to cut costs will oly rsult i i-

crs lvls of tubrculosis, mor hospitliztios,

grtr for itsiv pllitiv cr srvics,

highr mortlity, mor orphs , of cours, fr

mor trsmissio. “W r tlkig bout rgims

tht cost o mor th o ollr y,” h sys.

Morovr, umrous stuis show tht ccss to

trtmt courgs thos most t risk to b tst.

as L Go, “If thy c’t gt trt th my of

thm sk: ‘Wht’s th poit of big tst? Wht c

b gi by kowig tht you r goig to i?’”

This is too b sic kowig o’s sttus hs my

vtgs tht c llow popl to prolog thir

livs v i th bsc of rug trtmt.

argus Motr, frrig trtmt shvs

o oly two or thr yrs’ worth of aRT costs —t most. Wh o fctors i th bcil impct

to ovrll hlth th fct tht aRT rucs virl

lo to th poit whr IV is o logr trsmis-

sibl, th scl rgumts simply o logr pply.

Costs r comig ow wr mictios

m rgims r bcomig lss toxic sir

to igst. Wh complic is ssur, th likli-

hoo of rsistc crss th ovrll prog-

osis bcoms fr rosir.

owvr, h lso mitis tht th S govr-

mt sts i “vry limit compy” cot

cotiu to shoulr th mjority of costs o its

ow. “Prsit Obm s to l o th G8

th G20 to hlp py for th roll-out of xp

trtmt,” h sys, ig tht “othrs” shoul b

courg to cotribut thir “fir shr”.

nots Motr ryly: “It woul tk lss moy

to xp trtmt to ll who it th it i to

bil out Wll Strt — for fr grtr rtur.”

By Patricia Leidl, with Jean-Luc Martinage

Patricia Leidl is a reelance writer and consultant who has reported

extensively about HIV/AIDS and has worked at WH’s HIV/AIDS Depart-ment, the nited Nations Population Fund and NAIDS, among others.

Jean-Luc Martinage is ormer senior communications and advocacy

ocer or global health at the IFRC in Geneva.

“Discrimination in kraine against people living with

HIV is very high,” explains Volodymyr Zhoutik, director o

the All krainian Network o People living with HIV. “Every

day we receive testimonies rom members whose children

are no longer accepted in schools or are reused treatment at

hospital when nurses and doctors become aware that they are

living with HIV.”

Getting past social stigmas to treatment is critical as

some 360,000 people are currently living with HIV in kraine,notes NAIDS country coordinator Ani Shakirishvili. “kraine

has the highest contamination rate among all countries

ormerly part o the Soviet nion,” she says. “I the response

continues to be inadequate, statistics are likely to rise urther,

up to 800,000 living with HIV by 2015, which would a big

burden or kraine.”

L krainian Red Cross visiting nurse Valentina Kulik takes care o her clientKaterina’s oot in her at on the o utskirts o Kiev. Photo: Jean-Luc Martinage/IFRC

“When you actor

in that treatment

stops transmission

then it becomes a no

brainer. So why

aren’t we doing it?” Brian Williams, ormer WH

epidemiologist



To bring rst aid to more people, many

Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies are

ocusing on simple lie-saving skills. It’s

not about textbooks and certicates.

It’s about empowering communities with

the condence to act.

“Te LaST tim you show m this I ws

too wk to blow up th chst,” sys

quit, mil-g wom — lt’s cll

hr Mry — s sh kls tttivly o th crpt

xt to liflss rst-i mqui. Mry is livig i

rhbilittio ctr i Bfor, it Kigom,

ghtig to ovrcom lcohol ictio.

a rst-i trir for th British R Cross, d

Shri, hs com to this two-story brick hous to

tch th sco of two brif rst-i courss to Mry

thr othr rsits, i th fmilirity of thir

tmporry hom. Shri structurs th cours s covrstio rthr th lsso, skig qustios,

mkig joks courgig thm t vry stp.

“Thr you go, rlx, it’s ot so hr,” h cochs.


First aid for all



Mry bs ovr, pichs th mqui’s os

brths ito its mouth. Wh th chst riss,

sh smils i rlif. Ths ys sh sps most of

hr tim lrig to hl hrslf. Toy, sh hs c-

quir th skills to sv somboy ls.

“Tht’s grt,” sys Shri. “S, you c o it.”

A civic dutyFirst i hs b t th cor of th R Cross R

Crsct Movmt vr sic ry dut or-

giz civilis to hlp ijur solirs ftr th

bttl of Solfrio i 1859. It’s mor th skill —

it’s ct of humity. Giv without iscrimi-

tio, it hlps mpowr commuitis to tk grtr

cr of thir ow survivl wll-big. It’s r-

sposibility of globl citizship sstil

lmt for sf rsilit commuitis.

“First-i triig is ky ctivity for us,” sys

nhl fy of th egypti R Crsct Socity,

otig tht thr is rl sir for triig t th

commuity lvl bcus, vry oft, city or stt

mrgcy srvics cot rspo quickly ough

i my prts of th coutry. “Th triig is o of

our mi ctivitis it ’s vry populr.”

Whthr it’s ir-city Ciro, rmot villg i

Mymr, th favelas of Brzil or Loo suburb,

rst-i triig ors popl th chc to tk lif-

svig ctio mostrt humitri vlus

i thir ow commuity. I plcs whr thr is lit-

tl or o ccss to mrgcy srvics, thr is rl

hugr for bsic lif-svig skills. “Popl r oftrlly lookig for th skills to b bl to prvt

rspo to mrgcis by thmslvs,” sys eric

Brs, rst-i spcilist for th ICRC.

“evryo hs th pottil to sv livs,” s

Grc Lo, IFRC rst-i spcilist.

Rchig out to vulrbl commuitis, sh sys,

is ky to ttiig th gol of

‘First ai for all’, th thm

of 2010’s Worl First ai dy,

pl by th R Cross R

Crsct for 11 Sptmbr. To

mrk th occsio, th IFRC

hs publish voccy

rport followig up ntiol

Socity first-i triig f-

forts rou th worl.

Still, i my prts of th

worl — i both high-

low-icom coutris —

first-i triig s to

b brought to my mor

popl commuitis. I

my high-icom coutrisi europ, for xmpl, th

public oft viws rst i

s optiol skill. Thos

who hv tk cours i th pst might thik

thy hv pi thir us, v if thy cot r-

mmbr thig toy (stuis show tht illy,

prso shoul hv rfrshr cours vry 6 to

12 moths).

di Issr, mgr of th europ Rfr-

c Ctr for First ai euctio, sys tht to -

sur hlp is withi rch t ll tims, t lst 30 prct of th popultio shoul kow rst i. a

yt, rct IFRC voccy rport shows tht v

i europ, thr r grt ispritis. I norwy, for

xmpl, 95 pr ct of th popultio kows bsic

rst-i tchiqus, whil i ugry, lss th 1 pr

ct of th public is tri.

Prt of th rso is lgisltio. Wh govr-

mt rquirs citizs to lr rst i t school,

mks it coitio for obtiig rivig licc

or rquirs it t th workplc, th umbrs uto-

mticlly go up. fortutly, my govrmts

oft o’t s rst i s politicl priority. School

curricul r lry ovrlo. drivig liccs

r costly ough. This poit of viw ovrlooks th

fct tht rst i c sv ot oly livs but moy,

by rucig th cost of micl trtmt.

O coutry tht is movig towr rquirig

rst-i triig is Gh, whr trc ccits

r lig cus of ftlitis: mor th 1,600

ully. With th support of tiol uthoritis,

th Gh R Cross Socity is workig to xp

progrmm i str Gh tht hs lry of-

fr rst i triig to mor th 3,000 licc p-plicts.Th victory is ot without chllgs — th

most immit o big lck of mquis,

costly ivstmt for vlopig coutris. “now

tht w hv th mt,” sys Ko ao, th

Gh R Cross Socity’s ctig scrtry grl,

“w must mostrt th cpcity to livr.”


L Tuvalu Red Cross instructor

Matakina Simii, 31, teaches rst

aid to new volunteers with the

help o a local police ocer during

a weekend training session on the

Pacic island nation.

Photo: Rob Few/IFRC

IA volunteer rom the Mozambique

Red Cross Society helps with rst aid

and advice on proper use o water to

residents o the Chacalane camp.

Photo: Christopher Black/IFRC



I Chi, som provics oblig popl to u-

rgo R Cross triig bfor obtiig thir

rivig liccs. O th othr h, thr is littl

public courgmt for lrig rst-i skills

o mtory rquirmt for high-risk ius-

tris. With support from tiol lottry fus, th

R Cross Socity of Chi hs b workig i r-

ct yrs to improv qulity, striz courssthroughout th coutry commuict th im-

portc of rst i to th public t lrg.

Back to basicsBut rst-i triig is ot just bout lrig tchi-

cl skills. It’s bout givig th public th coc

to ct. ev wh popl r tri i rst i,

thy somtims hsitt. Som r fri of bloo

or of ctchig isss. My r cocr bout

lwsuits, spit th fct tht lgl jugmts i

such css r xtrmly rr. nothlss, worris

bout mkig mistk oft l to th so-cll

bystr ct, whrby vryboy couts o

somboy ls to ct. Tht is ufortut — v

clumsily prform cric mssg c sv lif,

whrs o ctio t ll is crti to i th.

as rsult, umbr of ntiol Socitis r

comig to th sm coclusio, tht tchig com-

plict rst-i mouvrs puts popl o. I th

nthrls, fwr th 2 pr ct of th popul-

tio hs lr rst i, bcus for yrs th pub-

lic ws or oly o typ of cours, which lst

32 hours ws xpsiv.I 2005, th nthrls R Cross lly r-

civ th right to tch rst i ci to

rthik th tir procss. “Som ntiol Socitis

focus o issuig rst-i crticts,” sys rst-i

spcilist Ptrick Logistr. “But v i coutris

whr 80 or 90 pr ct of th public is crti, if

oboy hlps, or is tught ctiv tchiqus, th

ct is o-xistt.” Th dutch hv chopp

ow th cours lgth, put mor focus o trgt

groups such s youg prts r tryig to -

courg propsity to ct by uctig th publictht lwsuits shoul ot tr yo from tryig to

provi lif-svig rst i.

I argti, th R Cross is lso strivig to im-

prov simplify istructio mthos, ftr rl-

izig tht most of wht thy tch is forgott ftr

o yr. “First i ws lwys tught lik school,

with muls lik txtbooks,” sys Mrti Roth,

sthsiologist log-tim R Cross volu-

tr. “Th tchr givs lsso you prctis.

Tht my b goo for kis, but ults hv othr

wy of lrig.”

Th ntiol Socity work with ult

uctio xprt, who suggst cs-stuy p-

proch, with bbrvit cott, smll iscussio

groups lots of prctic. “W’r focusig o th

most lmtl, vitl thigs, so thy c b rmm-

br,” sys Roth.

d Shri grs. “Ths popl o’t wt

to b lctur or prch t,” h sys. “Th trir

s fot of kowlg — tht just crts brrir.

Mk it sf fmilir, tll thm, ‘ou lry hv

th swrs, guys, just brig it out’.”

Th gol is to mk rst i ccssibl to ll, i-cluig th most vulrbl mmbrs of socity.

Th Itli R Cross th llic R Cross

i Grc r triig bli popl to prvt

l with omstic ccits, th

Fiish R Cross tris lrly popl

youth t risk, th armi R

Cross Socity hs progrmm for

rmot commuitis, th Frch R

Cross hs work with youg popl

i ir citis, th nthrls R

Cross is vlopig progrmm for

Muslim commuitis, th Russi R

Cross Socity tris fctory workrs

som Chis R Cross brchs

tri migrt workrs. For its prt, th

British R Cross hs b givig mor

tttio to mpowrig popl with

physicl mtl isbilitis.

I afghist, th ICRC provis

rst-i triig to ll prtis i th co-

ict, s wll s supportig th afgh

R Crsct Socity i th livry of

rst-i srvics triig to civil so-city mmbrs such s txi rivrs, who

oft tk th ijur to hospitl. “Txi

rivrs tll us tht rst-i skills r rlly


“These people don’t

want to be lectured

or preached at.

The trainer as a ont

o knowledge —

that just createsa barrier.” Dan Sheridan, rst-aid trainer

or the British Red Cross

K Volunteers with the Brazilian

Red Cross, along with the ICRC, ofer

ree rst-aid services and training to

residents o Rio de Janeiro’s favelas,

where health and emergency services

are largely unavailable.

Photo: Patricia Santos/ICRC



spcilly wh you hv situtio of violc,

whthr it’s wr, ggs, bitry or whtvr. act-

ig i ths situtios crts lvl of hop tht

popl r ot oly structiv but c lso ct to

hlp ch othr.

“It rlly is th dna of th Movmt,” h sys of

rst i. “Sic Solfrio, it’s rmi xtror-

iry vhicl. a hllmrk of th Movmt thtowys s to b rlly riforc.”

Opening the doorFirst i c lso bcom try poit towrs

vlopig popl’s trust clrig pth to

mor ssitiv issus. I Irl, commuity-bs

hlth rst-i progrmm ws itrouc i

2009 i dubli’s Whtl priso, mium- to

high-scurity fcility hom to 450 ml pris-

ors, my of whom r log-trm imts. Th

projct, prtrship btw th Irish R Cross,

th priso’s hlthcr ivisio th city of dub-

li’s voctiol uctio committ, strt s

wy to voi brigig th 1n1 pimic ito th

pittiry.

Twlv prisors wr chos to prticipt

s R Cross volutrs rciv first-i u-

ctio with rlvt hlth wrss. Thy took

clsss two hours wk, th pss o wht

thy h lr to th rst of th prisors. It

sm to work: ighbourig priso h sv-

rl css of swi flu, but thr ws ot sigl

o t Whtfil.But Grhm Btts-Symos, th priso’s hlth-

cr ursig mgr, ws most struck by th

trsformtio i th volutrs who prticipt.

“Whil som [prisors] h bhviourl icultis

i th pst, thy ppr to hv compltly chg

s R Cross volutrs,” h sys. Prhps th most

mzig rsult ws th rspos to mss IV tst-

ig projct i Ju 2010, ftr rst-i courss high-

light IV wrss s ky hlth issu. I th

ys lig up to th tsts, th volutrs pss

out lts, courg othr prisors to go

tlk oply bout th virus. Th turout xc

ll xpcttios.

a survy ws hl urig th tsts th pris-

ors’ rsposs prov tht, without pr support,

my woul ot hv bothr showig up.

“If micl popl cm rou, prisors woul

go bck ito clls,” wrot o.

“RC guys 1,000 pr ct bttr oig this th

st oig it,” ot othr.

“Mks you mor o th bll bout IV/aIdS, s-

pcilly bout uprotct sx,” si thir.

a o prisor wrot: “Thk Go it’s bigo.”

Amy Seran is a reelance writer based in Paris.


importt for thm,” sys Bij Frric Froui, th

ICRC’s commuictios ocr i Kbul. “Thy c’t

vcut prso to th hospitl i th orml tim

frm of two hours, but to tk complict,

iirct routs, so th joury my tk up to sv

hours. Thos xtr hours r oft th irc b-

tw lif th.”

I coict zos, or i rs with chroic vio-

lc, such s th favelas of Rio Jiro or Cité u

Solil i Port-u-Pric, iti, rst i is lso ms

to mk coctio, to op ilogu with ky

plyrs combtts crt crti “hu-

mitri spc”, sys ICRC’s Brs.

“It’s much mor th bg,” h sys, -

ig tht thos who provi rst i i grous

situtios r lso sttig th highst xmpl of humitri vlus i ctio. “s, th rst-i

givrs r svig livs. But just s importtly, thy

r rstorig ss of coc hop —

First aid by the numbers

More than 7 million: number o people trained worldwide by Red Cross and

Red Crescent Societies in 52 countries surveyed as part o the IFRC’s 2010 advocacy report, First

aid for a safer future. This is a 20 per cent increase compared to 2006.

17 million: total number o people who received courses o less than six hours by

the 52 Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies covered in the IFRC survey. An additional 46 million

were reached by rst-aid and preventive messages.

4 million: number o people who received rst-aid certied training rom the Indian

Red Cross Society and the Red Cross Society o China in 2009.

More than 90 per cent: increase in number o rst-aid courses provided

by Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies in Europe between 2006 and 2009.

350,000: approximate number o active rst-aid volunteers in the Asia Pacic region.

This is an increase o more than 50 per cent since 2006.

51,000: total number o active rst-aid volunteers in the Middle East and North Arica

in 2009. This is a 62 per cent increase since 2006. The total number o people trained in certied

rst-aid courses in 2009 was more than 586,000.

Key recommendations:

• Governments should promote compulsory rst-aid education in schools or among those

applying or driving licences, according to the advocacy report. A similar approach should be

taken in the workplace.

• The report calls or time limits on rst-aid certicates that would trigger reresher courses.

• Protect those who respond. nly eight o the 52 countries surveyed have legislation to protectpeople providing rst aid, yet ear o liability oten discourages people rom giving rst aid.

• Invest. First-aid training and education is cost efective, it reduces the severity o injuries and

the subsequent cost o medical treatment.

Source: First aid for a safer future – Advocacy report 2010. Geneva: IFRC, 2010.



The Central Arican Republic is one o the poorest countries in the world. It is torn

by conicts that are complex and unpredictable. While the ghting in surrounding

countries draws some attention, the violence within the Central Arican Republic and

the spillover rom its neighbours attract almost none. These photographs, by the ICRC’s

Marko Kokic, were taken in two remote areas o the country and show some o theconsequences o violence. They are a partial description o a much larger tragedy.


Focus

K Lives and homes destroyedSorovo Sarvatoriopai, ather o seven, sits in ront o his destroyed hut inGubere Bassima, a small village near the town o bo. The inhabitants o thevillage ed in 2009 ater an attack attributed to an armed group known as

the Lord’s Resistance Army. Two months ago, Sarvatoriopai’s wie and sisterdisappeared while oraging or ood just outside bo. He says that hunterslater ound their corpses deep in the jungle.

Ftt ASFtt ppL




K A lesson on humanitarian lawThese members o the Central Arican Republic’s armed orces learn about international

humanitarian law rom the ICRC delegate and the Central Arican Red Cross Society.

April 2010. “My nightmares will go away only when I know I am ar away

enough, in a place where they can never nd me,” she says.

L A second chanceThis child was abducted by the Lord’s Resistance Army in March 2008. She

managed to escape and returned to her community in the town o bo in




L A ght for survivalThe men o bo have ormed a citizens’ militia to protect themselves and their amilies rom the armed groups and bandits that

have been robbing, abducting and killing people since late 2008. The militia use handmade weapons.

J Life in uxConict and banditry have orced

thousands o people to ee their

homes. This camp or internally

displaced people, on the outskirts

o bo, houses nearly 5,000 people

— all o whom ed neighbouring

villages that had been attacked by

an armed group. Their arrival has

doubled the population o bo.



J A clash of culturesIn the northern province o uham,

cattle herders in search o grazing

land oten clash with local armers

over land use.

I Drops of hopeThe ICRC and the Central Arican

Red Cross Society help villagersgain access to clean water —

essential or good health. This is

an aspect o the efort to resettle

villages abandoned ater attacks

in 2007. Looted and largely

destroyed by the attackers, the

villages were deserted until

recently, when residents returned

rom as ar away as Chad.

I Four walls and a

small humanitarianspaceIn the village o uogo, an

introductory session on

international humanitarian law

conducted by the ICRC and the

Central Arican Red Cross Society or

members o the Popular Army or

the Restoration o Democracy.



up. Th villgrs hv limit optios to just to

th thrt of th s.“W o’t lik to mov il,” Johso sys,

scrtchig his stubbl fc. “Thr r too my

isputs btw th villgrs o th rticil

isls thos il. This is cusig so my

problms.”

For sltwtr popl who mov il, th

chllgs iclu highr cost of livig, th lck

of mploymt, ucrti ccss to hlth

uctiol fcilitis, s wll s th pottil for

tsios btw thic groups ovr limit jobs

rsourcs.

dspit th problms, growig umbr

of sltwtr popl r movig to urb rs

som r ow skig th provicil Mlit

govrmt for hlp i rsttlig. Th most populr

stitio is oir, th cpitl of th Solomo

Isls. It is hlf hour wy by pl four

hours by bot. Th isls, th uiqu cultur

thy support, my soo isppr.

Since time immemorial Th islrs will mor th thir isl-

builig skills to coutr ths thrts to thirlivlihoos xistc. Lik my othr

ihbitts of Pcic isl tios, th popl

of Mlit r srchig for locl solutios s thy

L Ater six-and-a-hal decades living

on the sea, Desderio Johnson aces

an uncertain uture. Like many in his

village, he may have to move inland

and give up his way o lie i seawaters

continue to rise.

All photos: Josua Wainigasau Tuwere/ICRC


when the king tideGlobal warming is leading to uncertain times or the ‘saltwater people’

in Langa Langa, a lagoon on the west coast o Malaita, Solomon Islands.

DeSdeRIO JOnSOn aS liv i Luluglo,

villg built o m-m corl islstht strtch ito th zur wtrs of Lg

Lg lgoo, o th isl of Mlit i th

Solomo Isls, sic 1945. now ftr six---

hlf cs livig o th s, h his villg

fc ucrti futur.

“Lst dcmbr, w h ‘kig ti’ it covr

th whol villg,” Johso sys of th bormlly

high til surg tht iut his hom with k-

p wtr. “Tht’s ot th oly problm.”

Johso shrs Lg Lg lgoo with th rst

of th ‘sltwtr popl’, who hv mstr th rt

of builig houss o m-m corl isls, put

i plc ovr yrs, somtims ftr grtios of

lbour. Lik his ighbours’ homs, Johso’s hous

is built with woo thtchig m with sgo

plm lvs.

Roughly 15 corl isls r spr cross th

log rrow lgoo, which strtchs orth–south

log 20 kilomtrs of Mlit’s wstr cost. Som

of th biggr isls host 10 to 15 fmilis whil o

othrs, lo hous sts bov th wvs.

as s lvls ris wthr pttrs chg,

th islrs r o logr sf i homs soitimt with th s. as villgrs buil up th

isls to sty bov th wtr, th stos, which

oc covr th lgoo oor, hv ll b us



ppl for ssistc itrtiol ctio o

globl wrmig.

I north Mlit, th Solomo Isls R Cross

is workig with islrs t Lu lgoo, which lso

hs rticil isls, o vrious hlth progrmms

to hlp villgrs pt to chg. Lck of ccss to

usbl wtr is mjor problm u to icrsigsliiztio of locl wtr tbls cus by risig

s lvls.

aftr survyig th commuitis’ s, th R

Cross istll wtr tks provi hmmrs,

ils crowbrs to hlp villgrs fshio crft

rocks for builig th rticil isls highr. Th

tools r lso us to hlp villgrs buil ltris.

Fu by th austrli R Cross, th projct

covrs ight commuitis s i 2011.

at itrtiol lvl, th Solomo Isls

govrmt is tryig to ris wrss

support. I Sptmbr 2009, it m urgt

pl to th 64th sssio of th it ntios (n)

Grl assmbly.

“This yr s-lvl ris kig tis hv

hit vrious prts of th coutry [stroyig] foo

grs, wlligs wtr sourcs,” ccorig

to th govrmt’s rport to th n. “Thos

impct r mostly popultios rsiig i low

lyig isls (tolls), Mlit outr isls icluig

thos occupyig Mlit rticil isls sic tim

immmoril.

“Th frqucy of ths wthr vts hsrsticlly icrs,” th rport cotius, “

is bcomig ily phomo tht ths

popultios r copig with.’’

Ruined crops and ruitMiful of ths thrts, Pio Bisi, isstr risk

ructio ocr for th Solomo Isls, hs m

svrl trips to th isl stt’s t-risk rs. Climt

chg is issu clos to th hrt of this tiv of

ablolo villg i Lg Lg.

ablolo is o th mil but it ws built omgrov swmp rclim by villgrs who us

rubbl, corl limsto s foutio. Th

villgrs hv lso ris thir houss o stilts

pils s prcutio gist th s. It is ccssibl

by ro, hlf hour’s riv from auki, th cpitl of

Mlit isl.

as w riv from auki, h poits out svrl

plcs log th cost whr th crochmt of

slty swtr hs rui cropls. “r, this is

whr thy us to hv plttios, growig swt

pottos othr crops. now th soil is too slty for

ythig to grow proprly. now thr’s just bush.”

Th lck of foo from th turl surrouigs

ms islrs ow hv to rly o import ric,

ti mt othr foostus. This is ot sy

for villgrs whos lifstyl coomy r bs

mily o subsistc frmig shig.

Bisi hs ot b log o th job, just

fw moths. But h sss th urgcy i th tsk.

“Som fruit trs r o logr brig fruit u to

icrs sltwtr,” h sys. “ev i swmpy rs

thr r chgs. Muy rs hv bcom sy,

it’s imiishig th umbr of mu oystrs,shllsh mu crbs tht w collct.”

Josua Wainigasau Tuwere is an ICRC delegate based in Fiji.

“Some ruit trees

are no longer bearing ruit

due to increased

saltwater. Even

in swampy areas

there are changes.

Muddy areas have

become sandy, and

it’s diminishing the

number o mud

oysters, shellfsh

and mud crabs that

we collect.” Pio Baenisia, disaster risk

reduction ocer or the Solomon

Islands


comesL Lie in Luluagalo is all about the sea. The village stretches across into the azure waters o Langa Langa

lagoon, on the island o Malaita in the Solomon Islands.

L Villagers build oundations and pathways by piling rocks and coral into small islands that rise

just above sea level.




Yves Daccord: I’m xtrmly hoourto b irctor grl of th ICRC. It’s

grt orgiztio with ftstic

missio; it’s i rlly goo hlth with

ky comptcis i my rs which

will gurt cotiuity. It’s criticl to

kp ourslvs focus o th sstils,

hlpig thos who us most.

This si, w liv i worl whr

thr is lot of chg so w lso to

pt, somtims mor quickly th w

woul lik. Wh it coms to th scop

of our ctio, th ICRC will cotiu to

focus rst formost o situtios of

violc: wr rm coicts.

It’s mor mor icult to rw

li btw wht is rm coict

wht is ot. Wht is mor strikig

is tht if you look t our t lrgst

oprtios, you rliz tht w hv

b ivolv i most of thm for mor

th c. W r cofrot toy

with my cut s but lso ligrig

chroic os. W r lso cofrotwith popl who hv to cop with

combitio of prssurs — whthr

wr-rlt, climt chg-rlt or

v migrtio-rlt. afghist,

Somli, Su m r goo

xmpls of protrct rm coicts.

Som of th qustios w sk ourslvs

rgulrly r: “Wht ki of support shoul

w or? Wht s shoul w rss?”

For us, thr is to rlly look t th

scop of our ctios, to b clrr

ivst mor tim rgy i wht w

cll ‘othr situtios of violc’ [chroic

urb violc gg-rlt or triblcoicts s xmpls]. Our mbitio

is ot to itrv vrywhr t ll

tims. But to itrv whr w c

mk irc vlop clr

migful ctio tht will improv th

livs of popl o th grou.

Is this where partnership comes in?

You’ve spoken o the need or ICRC to

increase its ability to partner.

W r orgiztio tht os lot

by itslf. Tht’s grt. But to icrs th

impct of our humitri rspos, w

will hv to prtr mor. r, I’m rlly

spkig bout prtrship with locl

R Cross R Crsct Socitis. Th

ICRC will hv to vlop visio tht is

mor log trm, ot yr-by-yr, bcus

prtrs wt to kow wht you c brig

i. W s ICRC will hv to th right

blc btw our focus o mrgcy

oprtios how to work with prtrs

i th mi to log ru.

Why aren’t there more partnerships?

Thr r mor prtrships th you

might thik. almost o-thir of our

ctivitis r crri out with R Cross

or R Crsct prtr. So it’s lry

gttig bttr. I thik tht i th pst, ICRC

flt tht it coul o it lo. Toy, wh

you fc complx mrgcy, popl

xpct you to thik bout rlvc

sp — but thy lso xpct you to thik

vry quickly bout sustibility. W o’t

wt th ICRC to bcom vlopmt

gcy but w wt it to b bl tobrig th gp btw mrgcy

vlopmt phss. a to chiv tht,

it is importt to work with locl prtrs

who urst locl rlitis.

What’s the diference between an

emergency response based on that

awareness and one that isn’t?

Wh you strt humitri ctio,

you immitly thik from y o

tht you’r ot just thr for y or

moth. From y o, you will lso strt

to thik bout, for xmpl, th problms

of thos who hv go missig or th

cotmitio of wpos. I th pst,

tht ws somthig you thought bout

wh th coict ws ovr.

W kow ow tht wh wr gos

o for 20 yrs, ths problms hv to b

rss from th vry bgiig. Look

t afghist or Isrl–Plsti. Wh

os th mrgcy strt or ? OK,

thr r momts of mrgcy. TkGz for xmpl. Thr is wr for

o moth, it’s xtrm mrgcy.

But wht o you cll ‘bfor th wr’

A thin red line

As the ormer communications director or the ICRC, Yves Daccord revels in a tough question and a complex

challenge. That’s a good thing because there’s nothing simple and straightorward about the times in which

Daccord takes the post o director general o the ICRC. Humanitarianism is being used by some governments to

win hearts and minds and to build nations. The aid industry is prolierating and, at the same time, key principles o

neutrality and independence are under attack. Red Cross Red Crescent magazine asked the ormer journalist how

the ICRC will chart its course during these times o crisis, change and opportunity.

New Director General

Yves Daccord says the

ICRC needs to ocus on

core principles while

adapting to change




‘ftr th wr’ i Gz? Popl r

block thr lik i priso, fc with

lot of mtl hlth problms, lot of

hlth problms bsic scurity is ot

ssur. ow o w rspo to tht?

Tht is wht I wt popl to b mor

wr of, to b mor wr of th s

of th popl. W s humitris r

icli to look t problms through th

lss of our comptcis. W sy: “I ’m

goo t wtr so o you wtr?” But

myb th mi problm is isplcmt.

Myb your kis o’t hv ccss to thir

fmily o th othr si of th brig.

There has been a prolieration o

humanitarian groups and agendas.

Humanitarian action is being used by

governments to win ‘hearts and minds’

and build nations. How should the ICRC

and the Movement dene themselves is

this context?

W to hv ss of whr wwt to b rlvt how w c

iuc th trms of th bt. Of

cours th ICRC will hv to tk th

l vry strogly o itrtiol

humitri lw issus.

But I lso s us hvig strog l

o th Fumtl Pricipls i ctio.

It’s rlly tim to riscovr som of our

cor pricipls. It’s lso prt of th IFRC’s

Strategy 2020. For m, imprtility is

pricipl tht I thik w rlly topush. not so much i trms of tchig

bout it, but i trms of ctig. To show

ths pricipls i our ctios. a hr

I m ot oly tlkig bout th ICRC but

lso bout ntiol R Cross or R

Crsct Socitis.

If w look t whr th humitri

sctor might go, I’m ot sur tht

imprtility will b sy, with stts big

mor mor ivolv i humitri

ctio, spcilly if thy r

supportig o fctio ovr othr. It will

b icult to hv imprtil viw of th

s w shoul b lig i how to

vlop imprtil s ssssmts.

I’m lso xpctig us to l th

bt o hlth micl issus

s wll s o th combi cts

tht problms such s climt chg,

migrtio pmics hv o

popl. Thr r lot of gcis tht

r vry goo t lig with prticulr

issus. But I thik withi th R CrossR Crsct, w hv uiqu

vry strog urstig of th

combitio of prssurs tht ll ths

issus hv o spcic popultios.

“For me, impartiality

is a principle that

we really need to

push. Not so much

in terms o teaching

about it, but in termso acting. To show

these principles in our

actions. And here I am

not only talking about

the ICRC but also

about National Red

Cross or Red Crescent

Societies.”

Five quick questions or Yves Daccord1 Who has most inuenced or inspired you?

Nelson Mandela and, on a daily basis, my wie and my three daughters.

2 Which book or books that you have read recently that you ound enjoyable or interesting .

The Road by Cormac Mc Carthy and The Italian Shoes by Henning Mankell. The Road is the kind o book

that almost has a physical impact on you. It’s an incredibly powerul story about a ather and son trying to

survive in a devastated world. The Italian Shoes portrays great characters who have a very original way o

acting, thinking and reecting about their lives.

3 What quote, poem, song or phrase particularly inspires you?

Hallelujah sung by Jef Buckley. A very relevant quote or me is: “I preer to be broadly right than

precisely wrong.”

4 Is there a blog or writer that you fnd particularly interesting?

TED [a non-prot dedicated to ‘ideas worth spreading’], 10x10 [an internet news site], the Sartorialist

[a blog dedicated to everyday ashion] and Paul Krugman’s blog [on economic and social issues].5 I you could ask a question o one person, who would it be and what would the question be?

To Nelson Mandela: where did you nd the orce to orgive?

T h i e r r y G a s s m a n n / I C R C




he

dreamerand the

builder

Separated bythe birth of a

humanitarianmovement

T TTI FRATELLI ’, aLL BROTeRS. Ths r th

wors rpt by th wom of Cstiglio

who work logsi ry dut s thy

hlp th wou o th bttll of Solfrio.

It bcm o of th ig phrss of th rly

R Cross. t iroy h it tht th two pricipl

rchitcts of wht woul bcom th lrgst

humitri orgiztio i th worl flt ythig

but frtrl lov for ch othr.

Much hs b writt bout Solfrio its

trribl csultis, bout dut’s prsc o

th bttll. But fr lss bout th xt stps i

th R Cross story. This yr, th 100th ivrsry

of dut’s th tht of Gustv Moyir, th

co-four of th R Cross, provis opportuity

to r-xmi thir livs qustio how ccurt

history hs b wh ssssig th vry irt

cotributios ch m.

Thos xt stps cm ftr dut’s bttll

mmoirs, A Memory of Solferino, fll ito th hs of

th lrly hro of th Sorbu wr (Switzrl’s

19th ctury civil coict), Grl dufour, , mor

importtly, ito thos of stocky, srious-mi,touchy ogg lwyr m Gustv Moyir.

Th Protstt grso of mstr wtchmkr,

Moyir ws itrstig figur. Tri s

lwyr, his mrrig to th ughtr of rich bkr

h brought him ough moy to vot his lif to

wi rg of philthropic itrsts.

lik th imprcticl, imptuous dut,

Moyir ws shrw, coscitious vry hr

workig. Bfor log, workig prty to tk

dut’s is forwr h b st up, which soo

cll itslf th Itrtiol Committ for Rlif

to th Wou, with dufour s prsit, Moyir

s vic prsit dut s scrtry. Thr

wr two othr mmbrs, both m with micl

bckgrous: Louis appi, who ws somwht

gloomy, Théoor Muoir, who ws humorous

rtirig. at 35, dut ws th yougst. Both

h Moyir woul sy, t vrious tims, tht thy

h b ispir by Go.

Most crucilly for th futur of thir i, th

tims wr propitious. Though it h vr quit lost

th stmp of Clvi’s ustrity, Gv i th 1850s

ws wsh with frmtig philthropic is thr ws strog spirit of humitriism mog

popl who rgr thmslvs s light

cosrvtivs. Furthrmor, europ’s miistrs of

‘

I C R C



I 1887, dut fou hv i i,

prtty sp tow i th cto of appzll i

str Switzrl, surrou by orchrs. Fiv

yrs ltr h rtir thr prmtly, to smll

rsitil hospitl whr h spt his ys writig

his mmoirs brooig bittrly o th pst. But

th, s Moyir must log hv r, h ws

spott by trprisig youg jourlist. Th

story of th forgott visiory hrmit ws pick up

spr rou th worl. Visitors rriv to py

dut homg; lttrs, hoours, psios pour

i. Wors, for Moyir, ws to com. I 1901, hil

s ‘th four of th R Cross’ dut shr th

rst nobl Pc Priz with th pcist Frééric

Pssy; Moyir m som orts to b iclu,

but i vi. It ws si tht s h grw olr, Moyir

fou it hrr to ccpt tht m h cosir

uscrupulous coul hv h th ispirtio for

i h h com to thik of s his ow.

dut Moyir both i i 1910, withi

moths of ch othr. istory hs ot b ki

to th rigi Moyir, whil dut, cst s hro

mrtyr, hs b clbrt i iumrblbiogrphis, mmoirs, ocumtris v

ovls. Soo ftr his th, Moyir fll ito oblivio.

It hs tk most of th ctury to brig rightful

rcogitio to m without whos prsvrc

trmitio dut’s rm might hv

rmi prcisly wht it ws — rm.

Caroline Moorehead is the author o Dunant’s Dream: War,

Switzerland and the History of the Red Cross. Her most recent book is

Dancing to the Precipice: The Life of Lucie de la Tour Du Pin, Eyewitness

to an Era (Harper, 2009).

wr h lry xprss sir to limit th vils

of wr to iscuss forms of rbitrtio. dut’s

suggstios, hum but ot subvrsivly pcist,

wr prfctly i tu with th pious utilitri

currts of th y.

a mtig o 23 Octobr 1863 brought togthr

sttsm from cross europ, who put thir ms

to rsolutios cllig for humitri co of

couct i wrfr, th optio of mblm,

th sig of volutr micl prsol to th

bttll th sttig-up of tiol committs

to ssist th rmy micl srvics. as Pirr Boissir,

ocil histori of th R Cross, woul ltr sy,

thy i othig to o wy with wr, but thy h

“ruc its mpir ovr mki”.

But ot bfor dut h lit Moyir

by his filur to cosult his collgus ovr th

qustio of utrlity by his cvlir ttitu

towrs forml procurs. I th rly pprs of th

R Cross, it is hr to ythig tht poits to

y ki of prsol rltioship btw Moyir

dut. But o sss i Moyir profou

imptic with dut’s hphzr wys. isupright, slf-rightous soul c oly hv b

m by dut’s occsiol slippriss

itttio to til.

I 1864, dut’s busiss irs four

h wt bkrupt. h o choic but to or his

rsigtio, which ws ccpt, with som lcrity,

by Moyir. nithr h or y othr mmbr

of th committ show y sigs of chrity or

compssio towrs dut who, though h pi

o his bts, sur th furthr humilitio of

big jug by th court s hvig “kowigly

swil” his collgus. ws lso lft pilss.

Ltr, dut woul writ: “I ws l stry through

rt imgitio, too xcitbl tur, too

trustig chrctr.”

dut lft Gv spt th xt yrs

hutig th frigs of th growig R Cross

movmt, whil Moyir st bout piig ow

thir is i cohrt, prcis lglly biig

wy, oig his bst to xpug dut’s vry

m from its istitutiol history. For th xt

40 yrs, s prsit, h cov mtigs,

trsform rsolutios ito covtios, worko rfts trtis corrspo with

sct socitis sttsm from Wshigto

to St Ptrsburg.


It has taken most o

the century to bring

rightul recognition

to Moynier, a man

without whose

perseverance and

determination

Dunant’s dreammight have

remained precisely

what it was — a

dream.

Making historynumrous historicl vts xhibitios this yr lv ito th

rltioship rols of ths two fours of th Movmt. From

21 Sptmbr 2010 to 23 Jury 2011, th Itrtiol R Cross

R Crsct Musum will host:

Henry Dunant + Gustave Moynier — An Intense CombatCurt by th associtio dut + Moyir.

For iformtio o othr vts, s www.ut-moyir.org.



24 | R E D C R S S R E D C R E S C E N T | I S S E 1 . 2 0 1 024 | R E D C R S S R E D C R E S C E N T | I S S E 2 . 2 0 1 0

“I aM a WOMan lik ll wom with rms

tht I woul lik to rliz,” sys Rougui,

20-yr-ol Gui. “I ws stut

I’v lft vrythig bhi m. I lft my two chilr

— my 3-yr-ol ughtr 5-yr-ol boy.”now i Morocco, Rougui lft hr villg i Gui

trvll through Mli, Sgl Muriti

bfor filly sttlig i th city of Ouj, o

Morocco’s str borr with algri, whr sh is

still srchig for work, tryig to lr th lgug

t i.

“My prprtios for th voyg wr m

from o y to th xt,” sh sys. “It’s ot sy

to surviv. I still o’t hv work, so I o’t hv

moy to f myslf. Thr’s lso th problm of

commuictio. I o’t urst yo

thr’s o o to tlk to.”

I toy’s icrsigly mobil worl, Rougui’s

story is th sm s millios of othrs, s mor

mor popl rou th worl povrty, wr,

rought or fmi i srch of bttr lif. Oft

pyig xorbitt sums to tk prilous routs, thy

fc ttio or liv for yrs i lgl limbo. Thy

my lso fc xclusio iscrimitio i thir

w commuitis whil my r forcibly rptrit

or just st bck cross th rst borr.

Th migrts’ storis fy th commo

prcptios hl i my stitio coutris,whr th migrtio issu is oft scrib by th

mi s o-tim piso, usully t borr —

bot pick up by th Itli costgur, migrts

scrmblig to ry l o th Cry Isls,

fright wgo full of frm workrs suoctig i th

hot Txs su.

But for th migrts thmslvs, ths pisos

r just o i strig log ruous rout thtoft sms without . Th joury of Koumé

abli, for xmpl, bg v yrs go wh

sh wr i hr tiv Côt ’Ivoir t th g

of 15, spig two yrs i Mli, th thr i

Muriti bfor sttlig i Morocco. “I i’t

hv y stbility or propr cr i my coutry,”

sh sys of hr olsct yrs. “My mothr i

urig th wr my brothrs sistrs h ll

go to Mli.”

now, i th post-9/11 scurity-riv politicl

viromt, th 2008 ficil mltow hs

m th migrt’s joury mor grous th

vr. “Bcus of public opiio th cil

crisis, stitio stts hv bcom strictr

strictr,” sys J-Christoph Soz, migrtio

spcilist for th ICRC. “This hs ot imiish th

umbr of migrts who try to mk thir wy to

richr coutris. Rthr it hs push thm to tk

grtr risks.”

I Wst afric, migrts tkig bots to th Cry

Isls go much furthr out to s to voi th mri

ptrols of Frotx, scurity forc st up to protct

th xtrl borrs of th europ io.“Popl r lso tkig mor mor

grous routs through th srt,” Soz

s. I th smll, rmot tow of Ti Zoutè, for

“Because o public

opinion and the

fnancial crisis,

destination states

have become stricter

and stricter. This has

not diminished thenumber o migrants

who try to make

their way to richer

countries. Rather it

has pushed them to

take greater risks.” Jean-Christophe Sandoz , a

migration specialist or the ICRC




xmpl, r Mli’s orthr borr with algri,

rly 1,000, oft highly istrss migrts from

vrious Wst afric coutris pss through vry

moth, som hig orth, othrs st bck from

algri. Th Mli R Cross th ICRC ssist thstr voygrs with micl cr, shltr, foo,

trsporttio from iscur borr rs or

pho cll hom.

New destinations Ths storis lso bli th myth — oft hl i

europ th it Stts — tht migrtio is

oly issu of south-to-orth. I fct, migrtio

from southr coutris to highr-icom orthr

coutris oly ccouts for o-thir of th globl

migrtio pictur.

Th Mil est Gulf stts or goo

xmpls of south-to-south migrtio. ech yr

i m, th bois of migrts from Somli,

ethiopi eritr wsh up o th shors of

th Gulf of a. Thy r oft migrts whos

ovrlo bots cpsiz or wr ttck by

pirts. I som css, thy wr push ovrbor

wh costgur ships itrcpt th smugglrs.

Th migrts r ig wrfr or lookig for

work o th arbi Pisul, stitio poit

for workrs from Wst afric to th Philippis.

I th south Pcic, austrli ttrcts migrtsfrom s fr wy s afghist, Burui, Mymr,

Sri Lk th formr ugoslvi. Th migrts’

jourys my tk yrs th trvllrs my

up styig i y of oz coutris log th wy.

My r grt rfug sttus whil i cmps

bro. Othrs who surviv ruous s voyg

might b plc i immigrtio ttio ctr

o Christms Isl, trritory of austrli loct ith Ii Oc south of Iosi.

Mwhil, tios tht wr tritiolly trsit

coutris r icrsigly bcomig stitio

coutris. ight forcmt fr of

migrtio i europ, th it Stts austrli

m mor migrts r styig logr i coutris

such s Mxico, Mli, Morocco or Iosi.

For R Cross R Crsct Socitis, th

chllg is how to ssist migrts whil t th

sm tim ithr litig host commuitis or

bcomig (or big prciv by migrtig groups

s) gts of th stt urig forc porttio or

ttio.

ntiol Socitis or micl srvics, foo

shltr ssistc, vrious protctio

srvics i ttio sttigs,

hlp with vigtig th w

socitis i which thy liv.

Th Spish R Cross, for

xmpl, rctly bg proviig

protctio, hlth psycho-

socil support i miistrtiv

ttio fcility i Mri, (log with vrious prtrs) it

hlps oprt 14 ccommotio

ctrs tht provi shltr for

As rontiers close and migration is increasingly criminalized, theRed Cross Red Crescent Movement strives or a ‘response without

distinction’ to legal status and relie along the perilous path.

K A man walks near the border

between Morocco and Algeria nearujda.

Photo: RETERS/Raael Marchante, courtesy

www.alertnet.org

L The many aces o migration (rom

let to right): A man weeps ater

arriving in Spain’s Canary Islands;

Iranian migrants look out rom behind

bars at an immigration detention

house in Indonesia’s East Java province

in March; one o 65 migrants who

came by shing boat to the Spanish

island o Tenerie; a migrant worker

looks on rom behind a glass door as

she waits or her documents to be

processed in Jakarta, Indonesia.

Photo credits, let to right: RETERS/

Borja Suarez; RETERS/Sigit Pamungkas;

RETERS/Santiago Ferrero; RETERS/

Beawiharta. All photos courtesy

www.alertnet.org



wly rriv migrts for up to six moths. Th

Spish R Cross lso hs vrity of progrmms

to rss xophobi, hlp orit migrts i thir

w socity provi rlif mog th growig

umbr of sttlmts crt by umploy

griculturl workrs.

I north afric, th focus hs lso b o

hlpig migrt commuitis cop with wirg of hrships: umploymt, povrty,

iscrimitio crti ivisibility withi thir

opt socitis.

“Migrtio i my north afric coutris hs

b prciv oly ur th frmwork of scurity,”

sys a Lclrc, h of th IFRC’s north afric rgio

oc. “Civil socity hs uclr rol i lig with

migrtio thy (icluig th R Cross R

Crsct) r lookig t clrifyig thir rol with locl

uthoritis to livr ctiv srvics focusig o

th vulrbility rsultig from migrtio.”

alog with offrig cocrt srvics —

trsport, orittio, courss, commuity ctrs

— th Morocc R Crsct th Tuisi

R Crsct luch cmpig (cll Liv our

humity. It’s our mov.) with IFRC support

fu by th europ io, to ris wrss

chg mists towrs th situtio of

migrts mog host commuitis.

a two-yr stuy, couct by th associtio

for Morocc Migrtio Stuis Rsrch, o

bhlf of th cmpig, fou tht sub-Shr

migrts fl mrgiliz by Morocc socity

thy fl is uwlcomig to migrts. By cotrst,

86 pr ct of Moroccs who liv i cotct with

migrts fl tht thr is o rl rcism towr

sub-Shr migrts.

Th storis of Rougui Koumé r just o

prt of th ort to brig culturl gps. Thir

storis, log with bout oz othrs, hv b

put ito rcip book of Morocc Wst africcuisi. Th book coicis with commuity

kitch projct tht hs Morocc migrt

wom cookig, shrig rcips brkig

br togthr. I th xt two yrs, th Liv our

humity cmpig is xpct to xp ito

Liby algri.

Regional approachBut th story os’t stop thr. Svrl europ

Wst north afric ntiol Socitis,

log with th ICRC th IFRC, r hopig to

mov towrs mor systmic rgiol pproch,

crtig biltrl rgiol cooprtio

kowlg-shrig rou issu tht trscs

tiol borrs.

Tht ws o gol of rgiol mtig i

dkr, Sgl, i My, tht brought togthr

ntiol Socitis from Wst afric (Côt ’Ivoir,

Gmbi, Mli, nigr Sgl), north afric

(Liby, Morocco Tuisi) europ (Blgium,

Frc Spi). alry cofrot with povrty,

coict, srtictio, rought iss, ntiol

Socitis i th rgio r oig mor to l with


“I you’re speaking

with a migrant you

have to talk about

all the options.

We want them to

make the decisionby themselves. We

should not try to

inuence them.” Catherine Stubbes, head o

tracing and migration services or

the Belgian Red Cross

K Some 48 nautical miles of Malta,

115 migrants were picked up last year

by the Maltese armed orces when

their boat ran into trouble on its way to

Europe rom Arica.

Photo: RETERS/Ho New,

courtesy www.alertnet.org



growig migrtio problm. Th chllgs r

prticulrly cut i plcs such s Ti Zoutè,

whr migrts r oft str i th mil of

th srt i highly iscur viromt.

“Thr is o sig tht ths xpulsios t th

algri borr r goig to stop ytim soo,”

sys Mmou Troré of th Mli R Cross. “c

th to rspos pt to th prticulrs of migrts i this hostil zo.”

ntiol Socitis, th IFRC th ICRC r

proviig rg of mrgcy srvics — from

bsic rst i to rstorig fmily liks — but it’s

ot ough. I th tow of Rosso, Sgl, r

th borr with Muriti, th Sgls

Spish R Cross work togthr to provi bsic

ssistc to migrts xpll cross th borr

from Muriti. “Th ctios r crri out o

mrgcy bsis bcus th migrts rciv

thr vr sty mor th four or fiv hours,

sstilly to stisfy thir bsic s,” sys Ibrhim

Fll of th Sgls R Cross.

Ths r just fw of th rsposs. Cofrot

with lck of fuig host of othr issus to

tckl, howvr, ntiol Socitis i th rgio fc

log ro bfor cocrt, sustibl rgiol

pproch c b scl up.

A delicate lineaothr ky thm of th dkr mtig ws th

lict li tht ntiol Socitis must wlk to

crry out thir mt imprtilly to ssist migrtsi istrss, rgrlss of thir lgl sttus, whil (i

som css) xrcisig thir rol s uxiliris to

stt uthoritis.

Somtims, ssistc is rqust by stts

urig th xpulsio of migrts, risig icult

thicl politicl choic. I Ju 2010, th IFRC

rls visory ot cousllig tht “to voi

big prciv s supportig corciv ctio,

ntiol Socitis shoul s rul, rfri from

proviig ssistc urig rmovl oprtios”.

“If ntiol Socitis wr to b prt of policis to

promot or courg rtur,” th ot r, “thy

woul risk losig cribility trust with migrt

commuitis up icpbl of ssistig

protctig thos i . Morovr, i coutris of

rtur, th img of th [R Cross R Crsct]

coul b gtivly ct.”

Oly o europ ntiol Socity ors rlif

o ights for forcibl rptritios it is ur

prssur from othr ntiol Socitis to stop. But

whr shoul ntiol Socitis rw th li?

Wht bout volutry rtur? europ tios r

ow pushig this otio, i which migrts rcivssistc fus if thy gr to go bck to thir

coutry of origi. Som europ ntiol Socitis

ssist i this procss or fl prssur to o so.


The train that runsover dreamsHugo Leonel (right) was 15 and already working on

his own when he decided to leave Guatemala or

better opportunities in Mexico. In order to avoid

an immigration checkpoint, Leonel and his travel

companions needed to board a moving train —

commonly called ‘the train o death’.

Ater walking all day to nd the train, the young men ran

to catch it. “I was the last one,” Leonel says. “The others were ar ahead. I grabbed the lower

section o a ladder; the train was dragging me. My body was hanging rom the train.

“I just prayed to God to have mercy on my soul i I was going to die. Then I just elt a strong

pull that threw me to the ground.

“I did not eel what had happened to me. I lay next to the tracks. I could barely see the

train. I stood up and when I tried to walk, I ell to the ground

again. That’s when I realized the train had run over me. I

looked down and my oot was smashed.”Those who made it onto the train inormed people at

the next town o the accident and immigration ocials took

Leonel to a nearby hospital, where he was treated and taken

to a shelter. Two years later, on leaving the shelter, he had to

look or both a job and a new prosthesis because, according to

Carlos Delgado, a specialist with the ICRC’s Special Fund or the

Disabled, Leonel had outgrown his earlier prosthesis.

Since then, he has worked in agriculture, construction and

cleaning a local cemetery. “Without it I cannot get around,” he says. “I you are missing anything,

you cannot get a job. With my prosthesis, it’s more possible because people see you complete.”

ne o a ew such stories with a happy ending, Leonel’s story illustrates a chronic problem

in Guatemala, where some 1.5 million people live with some kind o disability and, as a result,

many o them live in extreme poverty.

The ICRC and the Special Fund or the Disabled have been active in the eld o physical

rehabilitation in Latin America since the 1980s and are well aware o the plight o migrant train

victims, who are becoming increasingly common in Nicaragua, Honduras and El Salvador.

By Catherine Godoy, ICRC.

L Jose Hernandez, 24, poses with a picture o himsel taken in El Progreso beore his accident. A migrant worker on his

way to the nited States, Hernandez was run over by a train in Mexico in 2004. He lost his right arm and leg, as well as three

ngers on his let hand. Photo: RETERS/Edgard Garrido, courtesy ww w.alertnet.org

“I you are missing

anything, you cannot get a job. With my

prosthesis, it’s more

possible because

people see you

complete.”

C a t h e r i n e G o d o y / I C R C




Thy shoul rsist, sys Cthri Stubbs, h

of trcig migrtio srvics for th Blgi R

Cross. “If you’r spkig with migrt you hv totlk bout ll th optios: volutry rtur, sylum,

irrgulr sttus,” sh sys. “W shoul b workig

o th mpowrmt of migrts. W wt thm

to mk th cisio by thmslvs. W shoul ot

try to iuc thm.”

‘Irrespective o status’ Th IFRC’s Globl Policy o Migrtio clls for “

itgrt imprtil pproch, combiig

immit ctio for migrts i urgt

with logr-trm ssistc mpowrmt.

It is thrfor importt tht ntiol Socitis

b prmitt to work with ll migrts, without

iscrimitio irrspctiv of thir sttus.”

It’s tricky blc, spcilly sic my stts

hv ct lws to iscourg Smrits from

hlpig irrgulr migrts — v rquirig thm

to rport irrgulr migrts to uthoritis. Th ICRC’s

Soz woul lik to s mor coutris follow th

l of norwy, which rctly ct rgultios

tht llow humitris to hlp irrgulr migrts

without fr of proscutio.

a thr’s lwys th court of publicopiio, which i lctio yr, oft brs

misiformtio. “W rctly i survy of public

opiio which iict tht th public is much

mor urstig sympthtic towrs

th plight of rfugs sylum skrs th

prviously thought,” sys Stv Frcis, tiolmgr of Movmt Rltios avoccy for

th austrli R Cross.

Still, thr r my miscocptios bout

migrts, h si. “W’r itig to urtk

slow-buil public uctio iititiv ovr th

yrs to ris wrss with th public bout th

tru tur of th migrtio joury to tckl

iscrimitio prjuic.”

To muy th wtrs furthr, thr is o clr,

uivrslly ccpt lgl itio of wht

migrt is. Thr’s tcy mog hum rights

humitri gcis — bs o log

tritio of rfug sylum lw — to group

migrts ito ctgoris. Most otbly, btw

thos who r ‘forc’ to migrt by turl

isstr, coict or prscutio thos who r

movig by ‘choic’.

Icrsigly, ths istictios r isucit

iqut to gui our humitri rspos,

sys Thoms Li, spcil rprsttiv for

migrtio t th IFRC, who rgus for “iclusiv

pproch” i which “th s vulrbilitis of

th migrts shoul prvil ovr th lgl (or othr)ctgory to which thy blog”.

Malcolm Lucard is the editor o Red Cross Red Crescent.

“The needs and

vulnerabilities o

the migrants should

prevail over the

legal (or other )

category to which

they belong.” Thomas Linde, special

representative or migration at

the IFRC

L A migrant worker looks on as

other workers rom Myanmar sleep

under the picture o Thailand’s King

Bhumibol Adulyadej in a crowded

minority settlement near Bangkok.

Photo: RETERS/Damir Sagolj, courtesy

www.alertnet.org



The DomesticImplementationo InternationalHumanitarian LawManualICRC, 2010

Th popl most svrly ffct

by rm coflict r icrsigly

thos who r ot or who r o

logr tkig prt i th fightig.

Itrtiol humitri lw

(IL) hs b vlop s st

of ruls tht ims t miimizig

th ffcts of rm coflict o

ths groups. Th Manual on the

Implementation of International

Humanitarian Law hs b

rft mily for policy-mkrs

lgisltors, for thos

ssistig thm i thir fforts to

comply with thir obligtio to

sur rspct for IL.

Available in English. Sr. 40

Owner Driven HousingReconstructionGuidelinesIFRC, 2010Withi th rlif sctor, thr is

growig itrst i pprochs

tht llow isstr victims

rol i rbuilig thir homs.

Th Owner Driven Housing

Reconstruction Guidelines r

sigict cotributio to

istitutiolizig this pproch

withi th Movmt. It forprogrmm cooritors l

lgts to support prticiptory

plig cisio-mkig,

th guilis iclu stps to

sur qulity cotrol, pproprit

tchicl suprvisio cil

mgmt.

Available in English

Not Gone, But ForgottenBritish Red Cross, 2010Fiig itslf supportig growig

umbr of stitut popl who

hv b rfus sylum but

rmi i th K, th British R

Cross hs publish rport o this

uiqu vulrbl popultio.

My sylum skrs hv com to

th British R Cross s lst rsort,ccorig to th R Cross rport,

which tils th humitri

situtio fc by th sylum

skrs clls for mor hum

sylum systm.


Empoweringcommunities to prepareor cyclonesIFRC, 2010

Th Cox’s Bzr district, i th

south-str corr of Bglsh,is prticulrly vulrbl to tropicl

cyclos. Th worst i rct yrs

took plc i 1991, rsultig i

150,000 ths – mor th 90 pr

ct of whom wr wom

chilr. This brig sts out th

impct of th commuity-bs

isstr prprss progrmm

– piorig iititiv to bl

commuitis i th rgio to bttr

prpr for cyclos miimiz

thir impct o thir livs

livlihoos.


Exhibition:Missing livesICRC, 2010

Th wrs tht scrr th

Blks i th 1990s cost th

livs of bout 140,000 popl,

qurtr of whom simply

vish wr rport

missig by thir fmilis. I

2010, lmost 15,000 p opl

rmi uccout for. British

photogrphr nick dzigr

Ci writr Rory McL

hv ocumt — i book xhibitio — th plight

of 15 fmilis slct mog

thouss still witig for ws

of th ft of thir lov os.

Th xhibitio lso shows th

work th ICRC hs b oig

sic 1991 to trc missig

prsos i th Blks. Th

xhibitio op i Loo i

July will visit citis cross

th wstr Blks, will

lso trvl to othr prts of

europ to north amric.

Looking or a ewgreat nursesevr sic ry dut

hlp orgiz wom i

Cstiglio, Itly urig th

bttl of Solfrio, ursig

hs b cor Movmt

ctiv ity. Toy, urss cotiu

to prform xcptiol cts

i orr to hlp th wou

sick i rm coflict

turl isstrs — s wll s

improv th qulity of cr /

or triig.

Th Florc nightigl

Ml, stblish i 1912,

rcogizs xcptiol courg

votio to th wou,

sick or isbl o th prt

of urss workig i th l.

It is wr vry othr

yr th ICRC will ivit

th Ctrl Committs of

ntiol Socitis to propos

cits for th ml i rly

Sptmbr 2010 (th lifor submissios is i Mrch 2011).

all pplictios must go through

ntiol Socitis.

BKS

esourcesICRC materials are available rom the International Committee o the Red Cross,

19 avenue de la Paix, CH-1202 Geneva, Switzerland. www.icrc.org.

IFRC materials are available rom the International Federation o Red Cross and Red Crescent

Societies, P.. Box 372, CH-1211 Geneva 19, Switzerland. www.irc.org.

World Disasters Report2010IFRC, 2010For th rst tim i hum history,

thr r ow mor popl livig

i citis tows th i th

coutrysi. To b rls i

Sptmbr, th World Disasters

Reports 2010: Focus on urban risk

lyss th cosqucs of

urbiztio for humitri

ctio. s vlopmt i kpt

pc with this rmtic shift?

Why r lmost billio popl

worlwi livig i slums? ow c

vulrbl citis protct thmslvs

from climt chg? Wht r th

cosqucs for hlthcr, for

growig ir city violc? ow

shoul th Movmt rspo?

Available in English with summaries in Arabic,

French and Spanish

Customary IHL Database

ICRC, 2010Customry itrtiol

humitri lw (CIL) is th

bsic str of couct i rm

coict ccpt by th worl

commuity. ivrslly pplicbl,

ipt of trty lw,

rspct for CIL rucs th hum

cost of coict. Th ICRC luch

w tbs of Customry

Itrtiol umitri Lw

Volum II i august 2010. Th

tbs iclus w itrtiol

cs lw it ntios

mtrils up util th of 2007.pts will b twic yrly.

Th ICRC tm up with th British

R Cross to iitit th projct.

www.icrc.org/customary-ihl




“The ounding o the Red Cross”

Alexandre Cingria, 1930.

The man in beige is Red Cross Red Crescent ounder Henry Dunant. The eagle and the key in the top

right corner are important symbols or the city o Geneva, where the Movement was ormed. The

lonely tower at the centre is an enduring symbol o the battle o Solerino, the Movement’s inspiration.

From the collection of the International Red Cross Red Crescent Museum.www.micr.ch

Documents

Red Cross, Red Crescent Magazine. No. 2, 2010