RED CLOUD’S WAR.ppt

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    RED CLOUDS WAR:AN INSURGENCY CASE STUDY

    Role play

    COIN & Leadership

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    1866-1890

    Army

    statistics:

    1065

    encounters

    70%

    Indians/civilians30%

    Indians/soldiers

    Of the 30% a total of 93% involved less than 100 soldiers and the remaining 7% involved

    more than 100 soldiers eg Little Big Horn 1876

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    Read the word document COIN thoroughly

    Carrington Fetterman Grummond Umpire

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    Scenario 21stDecember 1866

    90 woodcutters [3dead] areattacked by 60 Indians [0]

    Carrington orderssave thewoodcuttersdo not crossLodge Trail Ridge

    Fetterman leads out 52infantry

    Grummond leads out &overtakes with 27 Cavalry

    Lt. Brown [without orders]borrows a horse & joins thecavalrykeen to get anIndian scalp

    2 civilian hunters [Wheatley& Fisher] ride over to join

    the soldiers The 60 indians are making

    for Lodge Trail Ridge

    On the ridge 10 indians arecovering the 60 with gun fireand shouting taunts at thesoldiers Fort

    Pines

    & Woodcutters

    Sullivant trail

    Bozeman Trail

    Lodge Trail Ridge

    60

    10

    Fetterman

    Grummond & Brown

    civilians

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    The great war party gathered in the hills. They asked ahalf man half woman for spiritual guidance. The

    Heemanah wore a woman's dress and his head wascovered by a black cloth. He blew on a bone whistle andhis horse zigzagged as he was seeking a vision. He rode tothe warriors saying I have five in the hand but he wasmet with silence. He rode about and returned saying I

    have ten in the hand , is that enough? but still thewarriors remained silent. After a while he rode back andstaggered on his feet, answer me quickly , for I have ahundred in the hand. The warriors shouted togethertheir answer Hokeyhay which means it is a good day

    to die!.

    http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2Xy4NX5RgV8
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    http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2X

    y4NX5RgV8

    400

    http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2Xy4NX5RgV8http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2Xy4NX5RgV8http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2Xy4NX5RgV8http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2Xy4NX5RgV8
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    Grummond overtook Fetterman, and the whole command followed the Bozeman Trail up Lodge Trail Ridge.

    Whether Fetterman gave the order or Grummond was acting on his own will never be known, but

    Carrington's order had been disobeyed.

    Just as the troopers reached the Peno Valley, a force of 2000 Indians rose from the high grass. as the

    ambushers unleashed their wrath.

    Grummond was probably one of the first to die. The two civilians, Wheatley and Fisher, and a few of thetroopers dismounted and formed an effective actionfor a while.

    Most of the cavalrymen retreated partway back toward the infantry, then dismounted and made a stand.

    Fetterman and the foot soldiers, unable to advance or retreat to the fort (there were also Indians behind

    them), formed a defensive circle.

    That meant there were three small, separate groups of soldiers trying to hold off a vastly superior force that

    shot an estimated 40,000 arrows during the fight. Fetterman and the infantrymen fired from their tight little

    circle, where rocks provided some cover.

    Indian participants said later that they had moved in so close that some of the arrows they unleashed struck

    their fellow warriors on the other side of the circle. In the end, the Indians rushed right up to the last

    soldiers and slashed at them with war clubs, lances and knives.

    Before that final assault, Fetterman and Brown apparently shot each other in the temple to avoid capture

    and slower, more painful deaths. Their bodies, according to most accounts, were found lying next to each

    other. In any case, Fetterman and all his command were dead.One of the last to soldiers to die was bugler Metzger, evidently fought off the last of his attackers with his

    bent and twisted bugle until finally succumbing to over a dozen wounds. Prior to withdrawing from the

    battlefield, the Indians stripped and mutilated the bodies of the soldiers according to cultural beliefs. It is

    noteworthy that the only body left unmutilated was that of Metzger. His body was found covered by a

    buffalo robe,the Indian ultimate sign of respect for bravery in battle.

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