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Is essential to any commercial process .
Products may be biomass it self, an
extracellular component, or an intracellular
component.
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Recovery and purification are major expensess
in production of most fermentation product.
Comprise more than 50% of the totalmanufacturing cost,especially
for an
intracellular products. For example: citricacid.
The efficiency of the product process and thedificulty and cost
of the recoveryand
purification processes are tigthly coupled.
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1. Fermentation
2. Cell removal and concentration
3. Cell disruptiuon
4. Removal of cell debris5. Protein precipitation or aqueoust
wo-phase
extraction
6. Ultrafiltration
7. Cromatographic purification8. Solvent precipitation
9. Dialysis
10.Lyophilization
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In the step above, can be generalized to involve
four primary function:
1. Separation of insoluble product and other
solids.
2. Primary isolation or concentration of product
and removal of most of the water.
3. Purification or removal contaminating
chemical.
4. Product preparation such as drying.
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Separation of Insoluble Products
The separation of solid such as biomass
insoluble particles and macromolecules from
the fermentation broth is usually the first step
in product recovery. For examples of
pretreatment are heat treatment, pH and
ionic strength adjustment, and the adition of
coagulans and flocculants.
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The major methods
1. Filtration (both rotary vacuum filtration and
micro- or ultrafiltration)
2. Sentrifugation
3. Coagulation and flocculation.
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Filtration
Is probably the most cost-efective method for
the separationoflarge solid particles and cells
from fermentation broth.
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Continous rotary filters or rotary vacuum
precoat filters are the most widly used types
in the fermentation industry
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Filtration is commonly used for separating my
celium from fermentation broth in anti biotic
fermentations. It is also commonly used in
waste-water treatment facilities.
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Centrifugation
Is used to separate particles of size between
100 and 0,1 m from liquid by centrifugal
process. The major forces acting on a solid
particle settling in a liquid by gravitational
forces are gravitational force ( Fg), drag force (
Fd), and buoyant force ( Fb)
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Value
Fg = Fd + Fb
Where
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Coagulation And Flocculation
Are usually used to form cell aggregates
before centrifugation, grafity settling, or
filtration to improve deperformance of these
separation processes.
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