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Recourse “from below” :Strengthening Systems for Accountability and Global Governance
Werner KieneChairman
Serge SelwanOperations Officer
The World Bank Inspection Panel
Marrakech, MoroccoJuly 22, 2009
Political Institutions• Political competition, broad-based political
parties• Transparency & regulation of party financing
Citizen
s
Citizens
Cit
izen
s
Citizens
Local Governments & Communities• Decentralization with downward accountability• Community Driven Development (CDD)• Oversight by parent-teacher associations & user groups
Civil Society & Media• Right to information• Freedom of press• Civil society watchdogs
Private Sector• Contracting out • Extractive Industry
Transparency Initiative• Collective business
associations
Executive
• Transparent budgeting & procurement
• Civil service meritocracy & adequate pay
• User participation & Accountability in service delivery agencies
Complexity: Issues in National Accountability System
Actors, Functions and Problems of accountability breakdowns
Outcomes: Services,
Corruption,Inequity
Formal Oversight Institutions
• Independent judiciary• Legislative oversight • Independent
oversight (SAI)• Global initiatives: UN,
OECD Convention, anti-money laundering
State Capture
Patronage &
nepotism
administrative corruption
CSO and IFIs: Three key relationships
1. CSO and the Bank as an intern. Institution1. Directly
2. Through their Representative on the Ex. Board
2. CSO and the Bank as financier of specific projects and programs
3. CSO an the Bank as a supporter of improved governance and accountability in Partner Countries
Financial Institutions within the overal Accountability System
YES ! : In development we make mistakes. BUT
there are safeguards and “checks and balances” to minimize and correct them
Financial institutions “preaches accountability and good governance ” (DGG !) BUT also lives by it.
Financial institutions have: Policies, Procedures, Rules
Evaluation, Audit Corruption investigations The Inspection Panel (and similar mechanisms)
Governance / Accountability Innovations:
Supply-sideSupply-side: Capacities and organizational arrangements in government institutions –human resource & financial management systems – to deliver public goods and services and control them
Demand-sideDemand-side: Capacities of non-Executive institutions & accountability arrangements – elections, political parties, parliaments, judicial systems, private
sector, media, civil society organizations, local communities – that enable citizens and firms to hold public institutions to account
Countries differ in “supply”/”demand” approaches Trajectories are driven by political forces Key issue: How to sequence reforms? Key issue: Role of CSO
Execu
tive C
ap
ab
ilit
y
Quality of checks and balance institutions
Ι ΙΙ ΙΙΙ
Source: Global Monitoring Report, 2006
Reforming accountability systemsReforming accountability systems: :
In some countries, this will mean moving from reforms of In some countries, this will mean moving from reforms of bureaucracy to support checks and balancesbureaucracy to support checks and balances
A steady shift of the Development paradigmDevelopment “from the top” Development “at the base”Development “from” below
Similar shift in the Accountability paradigmAccountability “to the top” i.e to financiers Accountability “initiated by the top”Accountability “initiated from below”
We are part of important shift : From “Push” mechanisms
To “Pull” mechanisms
Examples of “New Demand-led” initiatives…
from “below”… from the “affected”1. At level of Projects / Programs:
“Participatory Budget- and Public Expenditure Tracking”
“Community Score Cards”
“Citizen Report Cards”
2. At level of Dev. Institutions: Independent Grievance Mechanisms
World Bank Inspection Panel Copied now by other Int. Financial Institutions Discussions on similar mechanisms in other organizations In Developing Countries ??
1:Policies/Procedures (Safeguards and Standards)
2: Inspection Panel / CAO / IRM
Important internal accountability “innovations” in the development Banks to support this shift to “bottom-up paradigm”
Core Project Objective
“What to do” Objectives
“How to do” Objectives Social Safeguards
Environmental Safeguards
“How to do ” ObjectivesRequirements on consultation
………..on project design …………..on supervision
World Bank Vision:
A World Without Poverty
1.Innovation: “Safeguards, Policies and Procedures”
Do the “right” things….. But also do them right
The logic behind a Complaint to the World Bank Inspection Panel
Harm orFear of harm
Implementation by national/localorganization
Legal ProjectAgreement
Project Document
CAS Project Idea
Designed outcomes
Nat. GovmtWorld Bank
Bank
Policies/ Procedures
Implementation Plan
NatPolicies
Complaint
Affected Pop.
CSO’s
Conclusion One:
•Accountability is essential •Bank and CSO are important partners
1. In Bank’s own governance2. In assisting in governance expansion
among its partners•Key ingredients of accountability are
1. Information disclosure2. Recourse
•There is a need to learn and teach about universal and specific skills to manage and enhance accountability•This is overarching purpose of workshop
Conclusion Two:
Shift in the Accountability paradigm
Demand-led Accountability , “initiated from below” is central for success
New demand-led institutions are emerging and need to be further developed and experiemented with… Bank pushes DGG
World Bank Inspection Panel is a model: Ingredients can be adaptedBUT note Demand and Supply interaction
Conclusion Three:
“Recourse mechanisms”….The next “frontier” to support the move to more democracy and sustainable development:
With structure and budget With procedures With independence
