i

A Guide to the Microfilm Edition of

Research Collections in American ImmigrationGeneral Editor: Rudolph Vecoli

RECORDS OF THEIMMIGRATION AND

NATURALIZATION SERVICESeries A: Subject Correspondence Files

Supplement to Part 1:Asian Immigration and Exclusion,

1898–1941

Editorial Adviser:Alan Kraut

Associate Editor:Randolph Boehm

Guide Compiled byRobert E. Lester

A microfilm project ofUNIVERSITY PUBLICATIONS OF AMERICA

An Imprint of CIS4520 East-West Highway • Bethesda, MD 20814-3389

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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Records of the Immigration and Naturalization Service. Series A,Subject correspondence files. Supplement to Part 1: Asianimmigration and exclusion, 1898–1941 [microform] / editorialadvisor, Alan Kraut.

microfilm reels ; 35 mm. — (Research collections in Americanimmigration)

Accompanied by printed reel guide compiled by Robert E. Lesterwith title: A guide to the microfilm edition of Records of theImmigration and Naturalization Service. Series A., Subjectcorrespondence files. Supplement to Part 1: Asian immigration andexclusion, 1898–1941.

ISBN 1-55655-605-51. United States. Immigration and Naturalization Service—

Archives. 2. United States—Emigration and immigration—History—Sources. 3. United States—Emigration and immigration—Governmentpolicy—History—Sources. 4. Asians—United States—History—Sources. I. Kraut, Alan M. II. Lester, Robert. III. UnitedStates. Immigration and Naturalization Service. IV. UniversityPublications of America (Firm) V. Title: Guide to the microfilmedition of Records of the Immigration and Naturalization Service.Series A, Subjectcorrespondence files. Supplement to Part 1: Asianimmigration and exclusion, 1898–1941. VI. Series.[JV6455]353.0081'7 93-16315

CIP

Copyright © 1997 by University Publications of America.All rights reserved.

ISBN 1-55655-605-5.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Introduction .............................................................................................................................................. v

Scope and Content Note ........................................................................................................................... ix

Note on Sources ......................................................................................................................................... xi

Editorial Note ............................................................................................................................................ xi

Reel Index

Reel 1Casefile 53161/2—Casefile 53335/154 ......................................................................................... 1

Reel 2Casefile 53360/34—Casefile 53598/30-C..................................................................................... 2

Reel 3Casefile 53598/30-D—Casefile 53620/221 .................................................................................. 3

Reel 4Casefile 53620/286—Casefile 53788/12 ....................................................................................... 4

Reel 5Casefile 53854/133—Casefile 54261/129 ..................................................................................... 6

Reel 6Casefile 54261/158—Casefile 54410/17 ....................................................................................... 6

Reel 7Casefile 54410/644—Casefile 54490/7 ......................................................................................... 8

Reel 8Casefile 54490/7-A—Casefile 54515/36 ...................................................................................... 8

Reel 9Casefile 54515/36-A—Casefile 54735/90 .................................................................................... 10

Reel 10Casefile 55374/67—Casefile 55374/227-D .................................................................................. 11

Reel 11 Casefile 55374/227-E—Casefile 55374/227-I ............................................................................. 11

Reel 12Casefile 55374/227-J—Casefile 55374/227-O.............................................................................. 12

Reel 13Casefile 55374/227-Q—Casefile 55374/227-T ............................................................................. 13

Reel 14Casefile 55374/227-U—Casefile 55374/876 ................................................................................ 14

Reel 15Casefile 55383/30—Casefile 55476/519-A .................................................................................. 14

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Reel 16Casefile 55597/912—Casefile 55466/659 ..................................................................................... 15

Subject Index ............................................................................................................................................ 17

v

INTRODUCTION

Early one morning in June 1993 the Golden Venture, a rusting old freighter, ran aground on a LongIsland, New York, beach. The ship was being used to smuggle Chinese immigrants into the United States.That tragic morning ten Chinese drowned and hundreds of others were rescued only to be held fordeportation hearings. The saga of the Golden Venture has ample historical precedent. The episodeechoed a long history of Chinese immigration restriction and evasion. In 1882, well before the nationalorigins quota system of the 1920s, the Chinese Exclusion Act barred the door against legal Chineseimmigrants. That law and later anti-Asian restrictive legislation and agreements, such as the Gentlemen’sAgreement negotiated between President Theodore Roosevelt and the Emperor of Japan, left evasionthrough misrepresentation or through circuitous and risky journeys the only remaining routes to Americafor most Asian immigrants.

Two conditions complicated the proper enforcement of the laws excluding Chinese from the UnitedStates in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. First, Chinese already in the United States andtheir American-born children and grandchildren were not subject to the 1882 restrictions. Second, otherclasses of Chinese newcomers were gradually added to the list of exemptions included in the ExclusionAct. These included traveling merchants, scholars, and stage actors. It was the job of Americanimmigration officers to make certain that illegal immigrants did not slip into the United States bymisrepresenting themselves as entitled to inclusion in one of these exempt categories. And, there werealways the problems of criminal activity such as immigrant smuggling, not infrequently aided andabetted by corrupt officials.

Every action taken by the government of the United States to close its doors to immigrants generallymet with an opposite, if not always equal, reaction from the foreign-born desperately seeking greatereconomic opportunity or refuge from persecution. A frequent response was escalation of the number andcomplexity of plots and ploys to enter the United States illegally, whatever the risk, however much thecost. Aliens willing to expose themselves to physical dangers and pay exorbitant transit fees foundsmugglers anxious to lead them to the promised land for the right price.

The reels in this collection from Record Group 85, the Records of the Immigration and NaturalizationService (INS), include detailed files on immigration cases that were the subject of correspondence withthe commissioner general of immigration in Washington. The files are a potpourri of legal cases, reports,policy statements, and official correspondence with government officials and nongovernmental agen-cies related to the pushes and pulls being exerted upon immigration policy at the end of the nineteenthand early twentieth centuries by Asian immigrants seeking admission. While the material available toresearchers from INS files is not complete, extant material in these files opens a window on the processesemployed by the U.S. government to articulate and enforce its restrictionist immigration policy towardAsians in this era. The materials on these reels are also crammed with evidence of Asian resistance, bothlegal and illegal, to exclusionary laws. Case files and records include official investigations of

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smuggling, bribery, collusion, and misrepresentation all undertaken by the Chinese for the expresspurpose of evading immigration officials’ best efforts to enforce the law of the land.

Changes in immigration regulations always caused immigration officers to proceed cautiously withenforcement. Mistakes could exclude admissible aliens while admitting those not entitled to admissionbut hopeful that they could use the confusion to their own advantage. One group added to those alreadyexempt was actors. Because traveling actors were added to the list of exempted travelers admissible tothe United States, these reels contain discussions of efforts to monitor Asian thespians traveling withMandarin theater companies on the West Coast. Bonds had to be posted by theater companies or theirfinancial supporters before admission. Actors remaining in the United States for an extended period oftime often petitioned to have their families join them. Those actors hoping to extend their stays in theUnited States had to seek government permission to transfer from one troupe to another. The Chinesetheater troupes represented a challenge to enforcement officials seeking only to do their jobs responsibly.The correspondence in the files also suggests how important these troupes were as cultural vehicles thatallowed Chinese living abroad to continue to be enriched by traditional entertainments from theirhomeland. The routine operation of these theaters will be of interest to scholars studying ethnic culturesin the United States as well as to those concerned with immigration law enforcement.

The health risks posed by the foreign-born were always an issue. Case files from the United StatesMarine Hospital Service facility on Angel Island in San Francisco Bay offer patient statistics and thework of government physicians to cope with particular health problems such as a hookworm epidemicamong Japanese arrivals in 1913. The debilitating disease caused by the entry of the hookworm into thebody, often between the toes, was quite common among those immigrants who earned their livings inagriculture and lived under the most unsanitary conditions. Similar files from Seattle, Washington,suggest that cases of Japanese wishing to be treated for hookworm and allowed to stay in the United Stateswere routinely decided by boards of special inquiry.

In addition to the proceedings of boards of special inquiry, there are also records of other kinds oflegal proceedings in these files. In Hawaii, there were a number of habeas corpus cases where individualimmigrants were neither admitted nor told why they were being detained at immigration depots.Relatives or fraternal organizations often had writs of habeas corpus filed on behalf of these immigrants.The newcomers were brought before judges and informed why they were being held and not allowed toenter the United States.

Many of the case files reflect American officials’ efforts to cope with the smuggling of Chineseimmigrants into the United States. Sometimes illegal immigrants slipped through the port of NewOrleans, Louisiana. United States consular officials in Veracruz, Mexico, reported on the clever methodsused to sneak the Chinese across the border with Texas. The corruption of a Canadian customs officeris included in the records of an investigation launched to reveal the vulnerability of the U.S.–Canadianborder to Chinese immigrants hoping to cross the long and inadequately policed boundary with ournorthern neighbor. Also included in the investigation is material of alleged corruption among Americanofficials in U.S. ports such as Baltimore, Maryland.

In addition to preventing illegal entry to the United States, immigration officers were charged withthe responsibility of deporting newcomers engaged in criminal activity after arrival. Deportees oftenincluded members of the tongs that terrorized Chinese communities in the United States. The tongs(literally translated as “halls”) were originally fraternal organizations transplanted from China. In thestreets of the United States, however, some tongs turned into violent gangs selling protection to brothelsand gambling houses. Various tongs battled with each other for influence and territory, sidestepping

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municipal police forces. Immigration officials sought to deport immigrants already active in tongs andprevent others from gaining admission.

Health, crime, theater, and so many other areas of community life were affected by mass immigrationat the turn of the last century. The files on these reels offer a unique perspective on Asian communitiesin the United States, even as they chronicle the ongoing tug-of-war between American immigrationofficials and Asians desiring to enter the United States, whatever the cost. Just as the Chinese whoboarded the Golden Venture in 1993, emigrants from China, Japan, Korea, and East India earlier thiscentury were willing to break American law and risk their lives and resources to make a fresh start in aplace they envisioned as a land of opportunity. An old immigrant saying, translated into many tongues,was “America beckons, but Americans repel.” The possibilities of better lives beckoned Asia’s sons anddaughters, but even as they heard the siren song calling them to new lives, they heard the much lessmelodious voices of American officials emphatically saying “Admission denied.” These reels tell manystories, including those of immigrants who refused to take no for an answer.

Alan M. Kraut, Ph.D.Department of History

The American University

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SCOPE AND CONTENT NOTE

The Subject Correspondence File of National Archives Record Group 85 constitutes the central fileof the commissioner general of immigration in Washington, D.C. It includes files on cases that werereported to the commissioner general by the various immigration posts throughout the United States.Such cases were often referred to Washington because the local immigration officers needed guidancein applying the immigration law to specific situtations. There are also, however, many files of reportssimply sent to keep the commissioner general’s office informed. These include reports of specialinvestigations made in the United States and abroad, correspondence files with private organizations, andfiles deliberating policy changes and pending legislation. The files are arranged by number, and thenumbers were originally in rough chronological order with lowest numbers designating the earliermaterials. The commissioner’s office frequently brought older files forward to serve as guidance onnewer policies, however. This resulted in a renumbering of many of the older files and disruptions in thechronology.

This edition is intended as a companion to an earlier edition, Records of the Immigration andNaturalization Service, Series A: Subject Correspondence Files, Part 1: Asian Immigration andExclusion, 1906–1913. It includes files dated between 1898 and 1913 that were not filmed with thecompanion edition as well as files dating later than 1913. Hence, there are files in this supplement thatdate from 1898 to 1941. During this period, American immigration laws were under almost constantrevision (especially before 1924). Revisions in the law often brought about new policies in theadministration of the law, and these files reflect those changes. One of the few constants in Americanimmigration law during the period covered by this microfilm was the requirement to exclude Chineseimmigrants. The mechanics of Chinese exclusion are the major focus of the files reproduced here.

Chinese who were already living in the United States at the time the exclusionary restrictions wereenacted (1882), however, were exempted from the law, and so were their American-born descendants.Many Asians who applied for admission thereafter claimed to be previous residents or descendants ofprevious residents. Immigration inspectors were charged with separating admissible aliens from thoseto be excluded. After 1882, several other exemptions were made for students, traveling merchants, andother travelers, as well as for laborers during World War I. Proving the veracity of aliens seekingadmission under any of these exemptions added to the burden of the inspectors’ responsibility ofseparating the admissible from those to be excluded. Traveling actors were added to the list ofexemptions, and there is a massive file in this edition on efforts to monitor actors traveling with theMandarin theaters in California (see Reel 10, frame 0194 through Reel 14, frame 0895). Numerousadditional files address the efforts of local immigration inspectors in New York, San Francisco, Seattle,and elsewhere to devise effective policies to follow the law.

Other files document attempts at illegal entry. Investigations of smuggling operations are scatteredthroughout the edition. There are also accounts of raids and deportations. Official corruption was also

x

a concern. A major investigation of official corruption along the New York State border with Canada canbe found on Reel 1, frames 0331 through 0955. There are other investigations of official misconduct byINS employees, including charges of abuse and brutality, for example at frame 0001 of Reel 15.

Judicial and quasi-judicial proceedings were often required to implement the law. An extensive fileof Board of Special Inquiry proceedings at the port of Seattle between 1912 and 1914 is reproduced onReel 2 at frame 0541 through Reel 3, frame 0902. A series of habeas corpus cases from Hawaii duringthe years 1913 through 1915 can be found on Reel 4 beginning at frame 0001. A large compilation ofpending court cases in many jurisdictions with immigration stations can be found at Reel 8, frame 0285through Reel 9, frame 0103.

Proponents of immigration restriction and of more open immigration for Asians are represented invarious files of the collection. Restrictionists protest the admission of Asian laborers during World WarI in the file beginning on Reel 6. Groups supportive of immigration in the collection include the ChineseConsolidated Benevolent Association and the Japanese Association of North America (Reel 6, frame0369), the Korean National Association of North America (Reel 3, frame 0903), the Committee onFriendly Relations Among Foreign Students (Reel 3, frame 0986), and the Chinese Students’ Alliance,U.S.A. (Reel 9, frame 0431).

The problem of whether to exclude other Asian nationalities as “Chinese” was also a concern of theINS. A series of files on whether to exclude East Indian “Hindus” can be found at the beginning of Reel5 through frame 0538.

There are separate files that document tong wars in American Chinatowns. Reel 14 at frame 0896begins a large file on tong wars in several cities in America. Reel 10, frame 0086 covers a 1924 tong warin San Francisco.

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NOTE ON SOURCES

This edition is drawn from the Subject Correspondence series of Record Group 85, Records of theImmigration and Naturalization Service held by the National Archives, Washington, D.C.

EDITORIAL NOTE

This edition was made after a comprehensive survey of the entire Subject Correspondence, duringwhich all files pertaining to Asian immigration were noted. In 1996 the Immigration and NaturalizationService (INS) deposited a massive new accession of central file records at the National Archives. Theserecords span the years 1906 through 1957 and constitute the remainder of INS central files for the yearsbefore 1957. The bulk of the deposit covers the years from 1924 through 1957. Included in this depositare many of the individual case files on alien radicals that were withdrawn by the INS from the NationalArchives in the 1960s. UPA plans to develop further editions from this deposit when the records areopened.

1

Frame No.

REEL INDEX

The following is a sequential listing of Immigration and Naturalization Bureau casefiles that pertain to Asian (particularlyChinese, Japanese, and Hindu) immigrants and their emigration to the United States. These files illuminate the administrationand activities of the U.S. Immigration Service in application of the Chinese Exclusion Laws/Rules. In the interest of accessingmaterial in these files, this index denotes significant issues, places, events, policies, organizations, and individuals. The four-digit number on the far left is the frame number at which a particular file or folder begins. The file title in brackets denotesthe general subject of the folder and is taken from the Immigration Service’s Subject Correspondence Finding Aid. Thebracketed titles are followed by the casefile number, the inclusive dates of the documents within the file, and the total numberof pages.

The abbreviation H.R. is used in place of “U.S. House of Representatives Resolution”; sec. is used in place of the word“section.”

Reel 10001 [Chinese Smuggling—New Orleans District, 1911] Casefile 53161/2. [December 1910–

March 1911.] 68pp.Subjects: Smuggling methods; U.S. Consulate, Veracruz, Mexico, intelligence activities;West Indian transshipment ports; illegal entry at Florida and Mississippi ports; G.M. Cochrane;Kingston, Jamaica.

0069 [Subsequent File on New Orleans Smuggling, 1911–12] Casefile 53161/2–A. [March 1911–August 1912.] 82pp.

Subjects: Delta investigation; U.S. Consulate, Kingston, Jamaica, intelligence activities;Claude H. Daughdrill; Pascagoula, Mississippi; Wallace A. McDonald; smuggling activitiesby American citizens of Greek descent; Pensacola, Florida; Barataria area, Louisiana.

0151 [General File—Handling of Warrants of Arrest Cases, 1925–26] Casefile 53244/1E.[March 1925–October 1926.] 180pp.

Subjects: Section 3(1), Immigration Act of 1924; quota system; paroles, deferments,deportations, and the Chinese Exclusion Laws; San Francisco, California, port of entry;voluntary departure procedure; narcotics arrests and imprisonment of illegal Chinese aliens;enlistment of illegal aliens in U.S. armed services; deportations and “country of origin” issue;H.R. 11753 (Appropriation Act of March 3, 1925).

0331 [U.S. v. Clemenshire [Clemishire] et al.—[Ralph] Izard Investigation, 1898] Casefile53266/58. [January–October 1898.] 128pp.

Subjects: Enforcement of Chinese Exclusion Laws investigation; Montreal, Canada; Plattsburg,New York, port of entry; statistics on entry of Chinese merchants in Champlain District;investigation of alleged corrupt immigration officials at Baltimore, Maryland, port of entry;irregularities in admission of Chinese boys; Malone, New York, port of entry.

0459 [U.S. v. Clemenshire [Clemishire] et al.—[Ralph] Izard Investigation, 1898–99] Casefile53266/58A. [October 1898–January 1899.] 128pp.

Subjects: Alleged misconduct in enforcement of Chinese Exclusion Laws at Malone, NewYork, port of entry; bribery of immigration official Moy Loy; Nelson W. Porter; Wong King;Yen Hing; statements from illegal Chinese aliens regarding efforts to circumvent immigrationlaws; statistics on entry of Chinese aliens.

2

Frame No.

0587 [U.S. v. Clemenshire [Clemishire] et al.—[Ralph] Izard Investigation, 1899] Casefile53266/58B. [January–October 1899.] 157pp.

Subjects: Pretrial correspondence; memo on allegations and charges; indictments.0744 [U.S. v. Clemenshire [Clemishire] et al.—[Ralph] Izard Investigation, 1899–1900] Casefile

53266/58C. [October 1899–January 1900.] 125pp.Subjects: Sang Kee testimony and Immigration Bureau employment; postponement of trial;George S. Weed testimony; evidence of accounting irregularities.

0869 [U.S. v. Clemenshire [Clemishire] et al.—[Ralph] Izard Investigation, 1900–1911] Casefile53266/58D. [December 1899–May 1900.] 81pp.

Subjects: U.S. complaint against Canadian Customs officer William Saunders; Sang Keestatement; bribe to Moy Loy; trial at Albany, New York.

0950 [U.S. v. Clemenshire [Clemishire] et al.—[Ralph] Izard Investigation, 1911] Casefile53266/58E. [June 1911.] 6pp.

Subject: Dislocation of case records.0956 [Chinese Exclusion Cases, 1911–1915] Casefile 53333/127. [September 1911–February

1915.] 67pp.Subjects: Authority of Chinese inspectors; United States v. Ng On et al.; bribery; Louie Somdeportation case.

1023 [Chang Kiu Sing—Attorney for Chinese, 1914] Casefile 53335/154. [June 1912–November1911.] 11pp.

Subject: Yeung Shong Yuen.

Reel 20001 [Various Chinese Interpreters, 1907–1924] Casefile 53360/34. [June 1907–May 1924.]

143pp.Subjects: U Yin Ping application; listing of inspectors; examination of applicants; Wong Aloy;investigations of interpreters.

0144 [General File—Chinese Smuggling on Canadian Border, 1911–1915] Casefile 53371/72.[October 1911–September 1913.] 127pp.

Subjects: Kingston and Sarnia, Canada; transshipment of illegal aliens through Ohio; Ted MellCass Coal Company; intelligence on smuggling operations.

0271 [General File—Chinese Smuggling on Canadian Border, 1911–1915] Casefile 53371/72A.[October 1913–August 1915.] 109pp.

Subjects: Kingston, Canada; Buffalo, New York; use of railroads in smuggling operations;Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, as terminus for smuggling operations; intelligence on smugglingoperations; circular on enforcement of Chinese Exclusion Laws.

0380 [Hospital—A. I. [Angel Island, San Francisco Harbor], 1912–1915] Casefile 53438/54.[February 1912–November 1918.] 46pp.

Subjects: U.S. Public Health and Marine Hospital Service; hookworm epidemic; patientstatistics; Japanese aliens.

0426 [Chinese Indictments, California, 1912–1917] Casefile 53507/32. [September 1912–June1917.] 115pp.

Subjects: Luis Fernandez smuggling case; Muy Fat illegal entry case; smuggling of Chinesevia Mexico; intelligence activities.

[The files between Reel 2, frame 0541 and Reel 3, frame 0751 consist of Board of Special Inquiry meetingtranscripts and findings; passport application; medical certificate from port of entry; medical inspection card fromport of departure; and various addenda, including letters of reference on employment and/or prior residentialstatus, consulate correspondence, and affidavits as to the character of alien. Reopened cases consist only of newhearing transcripts and additional addenda material.]

3

Frame No.

0541 [Record of Hearings—Aliens Permitted Hookworm Treatment, 1913] Casefile 53598/30.[December 1912–March 1913.] 138pp.

Subjects: Japanese aliens; aliens transported on Panama Maru and Seattle Maru; Tacoma,Washington, port of entry; Seattle, Washington, port of entry.

0679 [Records of Hearings of Aliens Permitted to Take Treatment for Hookworm, Seattle,1913] Casefile 53598/30-A. [March–May 1913.] 144pp.

Subjects: Japanese aliens; aliens transported on Panama Maru; Tacoma, Washington, port ofentry.

0823 [Records of Hearings of Aliens Permitted to Take Treatment for Hookworm, Seattle,1913] Casefile 53598/30-B. [May–July 1913.] 138pp.

Subjects: Chinese aliens; Japanese aliens; aliens transported on Chicago Maru, YokohamaMaru, and Sado Maru.

0961 [Records of Hearings of Aliens Permitted to Take Treatment for Hookworm, Seattle,1913] Casefile 53598/30-C. [July–August 1913.] 150pp.

Subjects: Tacoma, Washington, port of entry; Seattle, Washington, port of entry; Japanesealiens; aliens transported on Tacoma Maru, Awa Maru, Sado Maru, Shizuoka Maru, andTamba Maru.

Reel 30001 [Records of Hearings of Aliens Permitted to Take Treatment for Hookworm, Seattle,

1913] Casefile 53598/30-D. [July–October 1913.] 202pp.Subjects: Japanese aliens; Seattle, Washington, port of entry; aliens transported on TambaMaru, Sanuki Maru, Chicago Maru, Mexico Maru, Yokohama Maru, Seattle Maru, andPanama Maru; Chinese aliens; Tacoma, Washington, port of entry.

0204 [Records of Hearings of Aliens Permitted to Take Treatment for Hookworm, Seattle,1913] Casefile 53598/30-E. [September–November 1913.] 132pp.

Subjects: Japanese aliens; Tacoma, Washington, port of entry; aliens transported on SeattleMaru and Tacoma Maru; Seattle, Washington, port of entry; Chinese aliens.

0336 [Records of Hearings of Aliens Permitted to Take Treatment for Hookworm, Seattle,1913] Casefile 53598/30-F. [October–December 1913.] 116pp.

Subjects: Chinese aliens; Seattle, Washington, port of entry; aliens transported on Titan,Mexico Maru, Sado Maru, and Awa Maru; Japanese aliens; Tacoma, Washington, port ofentry.

0452 [Records of Hearings of Aliens Permitted to Take Treatment for Hookworm, Seattle,1913] Casefile 53598/30-G. [November–December 1913.] 129pp.

Subjects: Japanese aliens; aliens transported on Shizuoka Maru, Canada Maru, YokohamaMaru, and Chicago Maru; Tacoma, Washington, port of entry.

0581 [Records of Hearings of Aliens Permitted to Take Treatment for Hookworm, Seattle,1914] Casefile 53598/30-H. [December 1913–February 1914.] 170pp.

Subjects: Chinese aliens; Seattle, Washington, port of entry; aliens transported on Teucer,Sado Maru, Panama Maru, Aki Maru, Ajax, Tacoma Maru, Minnesota, and Tamba Maru;Japanese aliens.

0751 [Records of Hearings of Aliens Permitted to Take Treatment for Hookworm, Seattle,1914] Casefile 53598/30-I. [January–March 1914.] 152pp.

Subjects: Japanese aliens; Seattle, Washington, port of entry; aliens transported on ChicagoMaru, Awa Maru, Mexico Maru, and Yokohama Maru; Tacoma, Washington, port of entry;Chinese aliens.

4

Frame No.

0903 [Admission of Koreans (Residents of Chosen) and Objections of Japanese Government,1913–1918] Casefile 53620/91. [April 1913–May 1915.] 83pp.

Subjects: Entry of Korean students; Lincoln First Baptist Church (Nebraska) requests for entryof Korean aliens; Japanese complaints of circumvention of passport laws; U.S. Consul,Shanghai, China; asylum and political persecution issue; San Francisco, California, port ofentry; Korean National Association of North America; Japanese Consulate, San Francisco,California.

0986 [Inquiry into Treatment of Chinese by Immigration Officials on Entrance into U.S., 1914–1921] Casefile 53620/221. [April 1913–January 1921.] 95pp.

Subjects: Chinese and Japanese students; Committee on Friendly Relations Among ForeignStudents complaint; Joseph Tuck case; Seattle, Washington, port of entry; National Committeefor Constructive Immigration Legislation; accusations of mistreatment upon entry at AngelIsland, San Francisco Harbor, California; Hawaiian-born Japanese; Paul Li case.

Reel 40001 [Habeas Corpus Cases—District of Hawaii, 1914–1915] Casefile 53620/286 [Folder 1 of 2].

[April 1914–April 1915.] 224pp.Subjects: Appeals in alien habeas corpus cases; diseased aliens; Chinese aliens; Ninth CircuitCourt of Appeals; Japanese aliens.0040 Lau Lum case.0048 Torakichi Kaneshige case.0068 Toku Sakai case.0073 Mow Chan case.0079 Tatsuzo Kuramoto case.0084 Young Jack Quan case.0109 Tome Tanno case.0140 Matsuighi Matsumoto case.0168 Lau Choy (a.k.a. Lau Chee Kin) case.0199 Kimi Yamamoto case.0205 Chiye Kajikami case.0211 Mosa Kean (a.k.a. Mosa Keian) case.0218 Fusano Saski case.

0225 [Habeas Corpus Cases—District of Hawaii, 1914–1915] Casefile 53620/286 [Folder 2 of 2].[February 1913–July 1914.] 307pp.

Subjects: Appeals in alien habeas corpus cases; Japanese aliens; Chinese aliens.0225 Asano Miyazaki (a.k.a. Asano Yamada, a.k.a. Asano Tsuda) case.0230 Eitaro Yamada case.0235 Kozo Kawachi case.0243 Kumakichi Aoki case.0246 Yao Mori case.0253 Koichi (and Katsu) Ishii cases.0262 Fusayo Hirakawa case.0267 Shotaro Hokamura case.0269 Ching Lum case.0275 Lucy Thompson (Tomson) and Rose Walters case.0312 Hatsutaro Ogata case.0320 Sui Joy case.0322 Wong Yuen case.

5

Frame No.

0327 Tsuneki Fujimoto case.0355 Young Chow Yee case.0374 Chow Chiu and Wong She case.0390 Ryuzo Higa case.0420 Koichi Kimoto case.0437 Jiro Miyagusuku case.0465 Zentaro Okamato case.0488 Sui Katsuyama case.0506 Yong Boon case.0530 Lau Lum case.

0532 [Reports: Chinese Smuggling, Various States, Official Correspondence, Orders, Related,1915–1921] Casefile 53788/1-V. [June 1914–February 1921.] 162pp.

Subjects: Intercontinental transit of illegal Chinese aliens; Cuba; Bulgarian smuggling atDetroit, Michigan; Niagara River area; smuggling of Chinese on lumber and coal barges;transit between Canada and United States along Niagara frontier; Adolph Poissant (smuggler);cooperation between Canadian customs and U.S. Immigration Service officials; smuggling ofaliens from British Columbia to Washington and Oregon; use of automobiles to transportaliens; M. J. Malloy (smuggler).

0694 [Reports: Chinese Smuggling, Various States, Official Correspondence, Orders, Related,1914] Casefile 53788/2. [May–June 1914.] 11pp.

Subjects: Duluth, Minnesota; Chinese opium houses; Vancouver, British Columbia; Memphis,Tennessee.

0705 [“Billie” Low; “Bat” Nelson, Smugglers, 1914, Seattle Area] Casefile 53788/3. [May 1914.]7pp.

Subjects: Chinese aliens; opium smuggling; Great Northern Railway.0712 [Fake Certificates of Residence, California, 1914] Casefile 53788/5. [May–June 1914.]

12pp.Subjects: San Diego, California; transport of illegal certificates of residence by U.S. mail; LunHing Company.

0724 [Smuggling, California, Various Cases, 1915–1916] Casefile 53788/6. [July 1914–May1916.] 92pp.

Subjects: R. Montelezum (smuggler); transit between California and Mexico; Charles Mausir(Mansir) and R. T. O’Rourke smuggling case; Samuel Leffingwell smuggling case; SanDiego, California, port of entry.

0816 [Launch, “New Orleans” Problem, California, 1914] Casefile 53788/7. [August–September1914.] 10pp.

Subjects: U.S. Revenue Cutter Service activities; Ensenada, Mexico–San Francisco, California,terminals for smuggling traffic; intelligence activities; leaks to the press.

0826 [Chinese Smuggling, California, 1914] Casefile 53788/10. [November 1914.] 7pp.Subject: Alleged misconduct of Chinese Immigration Inspectors at San Francisco, California.

0833 [General Matters regarding Chinese Smuggling at San Francisco, 1915–1916] Casefile53788/12. [December 1914–September 1916.] 206pp.

Subjects: Investigation of immigration officials at Angel Island, San Francisco Harbor,California; Mongolia stowaways case; statements by Immigration Service and CustomsService employees; investigation of Los Angeles Immigration Service Office; defects in thehandling of Chinese deportees in detention; James L. Hughes (Immigration Service investigator);illegal landing of Chinese aliens at Bolinas, California.

6

Frame No.

Reel 50001 [Hindu Situation, 1916–1919] Casefile 53854/133. [October 1914–August 1919.] 218pp.

Subjects: Public opinion mail protesting deportation of arrested Hindu agitators; labororganizations; Immigration Act of February 5, 1917, provisions excluding admission ofnatives of India; deportation directly to India question; cooperation between U.S. andCanadian immigration officials; Seattle, Washington, port of entry; San Francisco, California,port of entry; Hindu-German Conspiracy; status of East Indians born in British Guiana;overseas transportation and transshipment of deportees; naturalization; Japanese governmentdeportation of Hindu agitators; entry into United States via Canada.

0219 [Hindu Situation, 1916–1919] Casefile 53854/133-A. [August–November 1919.] 197pp.Subjects: Public opinion mail protesting deportation of arrested Hindu agitators; labororganizations; violation of U.S. neutrality laws by Hindu aliens.

0416 [Hindu Situation, 1916–1919] Casefile 53854/133 Previously Restricted. [May 1916.] 2pp.Subject: Request for information on arrivals of Hindus at Pacific coast ports.

0418 [Hindu Situation, 1919–1926] Casefile 53854/133-B. [November 1919–May 1926.] 121pp.Subjects: Request for information on handling of Hindus under U.S. immigration laws;students; East Indians in the Caribbean; statistics on resident Hindus in the United States;cooperation between U.S. and Canadian immigration officials; desertion of East Indians fromBritish ships in New York Harbor; public opinion mail protesting against deportation ofarrested Hindu agitators.

0539 [Chinese Cases, “Jew Tem Lin [Lem],” related, 1915–1920] Casefile 53912/29. [October1915–January 1920.] 171pp.

Subjects: Investigation of misconduct of Chinese interpreters Lum J. Ying and Robert F. Lym;Angel Island, San Francisco Harbor, California; Grand (United) Parlor of the (Golden State)Native Sons (Chinese Native Son’s Society) organization; allegation of extortion of Jew TemLem; statements and testimony.

0710 [Material on Chinese Witnesses for Applicants for Admission: Angel Island, 1917]Casefile 54261/49. [February–May 1917.] 172pp.

Subjects: Notification of appearances of witnesses at various ports of entry on behalf ofindividuals claiming to be legally domiciled in the United States; statistics on Chinesewitnesses appearing at various ports of entry.

0882 [Admission of Chinese Laborers, 1917–1918] Casefile 54261/129. [April 1917–December1918.] 149pp.

Subjects: Importation of agricultural labor; labor shortage in the South and Pacific coast;appeals for relaxation of exclusion laws; Ninth Proviso, Section 3 of the Immigration Act ofFebruary 5, 1917; Chinese laborers in Mexico; request for temporary admission of illiterateMexicans.

Reel 60001 [Protests vs. Admission of Chinese Laborers, 1917–1919] Casefile 54261/158. [April 1917–

July 1919.] 211pp.Subjects: Mexican fears of U.S. companies’ importation of Chinese labor in Lower (Baja)California; Hawaii; labor unions/organizations’ opposition to admittance of Asian laborduring the war; need for unskilled agricultural labor; public opinion mail; Pacific coast states.

0212 [Protests vs. Admission of Chinese Laborers, 1919–1923] Casefile 54261/158A. [August1919–January 1923.] 157pp.

Subjects: Korean laborers; Chinese alien labor in Mexico; Mexican fears of importation ofChinese labor into Lower (Baja) California; transit of Chinese aliens from San Francisco,California, to Mexicali, Mexico; Mexican government concessions for transport of Chinesealiens; agricultural labor.

7

Frame No.

0369 [Diseased Aliens, 1919–1923] Casefile 54261/184. [May 1917–September 1923.] 163pp.Subjects: Medical inspections; hookworm infestation of Chinese aliens; immigrant hospitalstatistics, Angel Island, San Francisco Harbor, California; Chinese Consolidated BenevolentAssociation; hookworm infestation of Chinese aliens entering at Seattle, Washington, port ofentry; U.S. Public Health Service; Japanese aliens; Japanese Association of North Americaappeal for expeditious treatment of aliens with hookworm; change in classification ofhookworm from Class A (contagious disease) to Class B (disease affecting ability to earn aliving).

0532 [Japanese Smuggling, 1917–1918] Casefile 54270/1 [Folder 1 of 2]. [January 1917–August1918.] 42pp.

Subjects: Informant reports; Calexico, California; apprehension of illegal Japanese aliens inMexico; illegal entry into United States via Lower (Baja) California, Mexico; El Paso, Texas,port of entry.

0574 [Japanese Smuggling, 1917–1918—Hom Kee, Quon Loy, 1917] Casefile 54270/1 [Folder 2of 2]. [July–August 1917.] 15pp.

Subjects: Helena and Butte City, Montana; smuggling of Chinese students.0589 [Material regarding Smuggling, 1917] Casefile 54270/2. [December 1911–July 1912;

January 1917.] 42pp.Subjects: Arthur C. Maggs (smuggler); Curley Roberts (smuggler); El Paso, Texas, port ofentry.

0631 [Chinese Smuggling, 1917] Casefile 54270/4. [January–March 1917.] 7pp.Subject: Yook Fee investigation case.

0638 [Chinese Smuggling, 1917] Casefile 54270/5. [March 1917.] 3pp.Subject: Transfer of investigators to Lewiston, Idaho.

0641 [Chinese Smuggling, 1917] Casefile 54270/7. [April–May 1917.] 6pp.Subject: Liverpool, England, police interception of New York Chinese smuggler’s mail.

0647 [Chinese Smuggling, 1917] Casefile 54270/8. [June 1917.] 5pp.Subject: San Francisco, California, postal inspector’s information.

0652 [Chinese Smuggling, 1917] Casefile 54270/9. [August 1917.] 9pp.Subject: Stowaway Chinese on vessels from Salinas Cruz, Mexico, intercepted at SanFrancisco, California.

0661 [Chinese Transit Materials, 1917–1920] Casefile 54271/53. [August 1917–May 1920.]103pp.

Subjects: Japanese aliens entry from Lower (Baja) California, Mexico; transit of Chinese fromSan Francisco, California, port of entry to Mexicali, Mexico; transit of Chinese from Havana,Cuba, to China via Tampa, Florida, and San Francisco, California; Peninsular & OccidentalSteamship Company; Southern Pacific Railroad Company; transit bonds; railroad transportationof Chinese aliens.

0764 [Chinese Smuggling, 1918–1921] Casefile 54410/17. [January 1918–April 1921.] 200pp.Subjects: Bureaucratic response to smuggling problem; investigation of smuggling of aliens;Montreal, Canada; reports from immigration stations; transit problems of Chinese aliens;application of Chinese Exclusion Laws; Native Return Certificates [Form 430] and travelabroad for Chinese-Americans; rules for admission into United States.

8

Frame No.

Reel 70001 [“Hindu” Case, 1918–1920] Casefile 54410/644. [June 1918–September 1920.] 201pp.

Subjects: Chinese labor in Chester, Pennsylvania; arrests of Hindu aliens in Pennsylvania andNew Jersey; South Bethlehem, Pennsylvania; Pennsylvania Railroad Company employmentof Hindu aliens; Inspector Harold M. Rhoads; labor union discrimination and oppositiontowards employment of Hindu aliens; Hindu seamen; investigation of arrested South BethlehemHindus; arrest of Chinese sailors in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Gloucester City, New Jersey,port of entry [Philadelphia Immigration Station]; deportations of Chinese aliens; desertion ofChinese seamen while in U.S. ports.

0202 [Chinese Aliens, 1920–1921] Casefile 54410/644A. [September 1920–March 1921.] 68pp.Subjects: Gloucester City, New Jersey, port of entry [Philadelphia Immigration Station];arrests of Chinese seamen; deportation cases; Sun Shipbuilding Company, Chester,Pennsylvania; labor union complaints against illegal Asian labor; Inspector Harold M.Rhoads.

0270 [Blanket Bonds, Chinese, 1918–1922] Casefile 54415/39. [May 1918–April 1922.] 161pp.Subjects: Canadian Pacific Railway Company; transit through United States; CanadianNational Railway bond application; Canadian Northern Railway Company; Montreal, Canada;head tax; medical inspections; Boston, Massachusetts, port of entry/departure; AmericanSurety Company of New York; steamship transportation.

0431 [Blanket Bonds of Various Railroads regarding Transit of Chinese, 1918–1922] Casefile54415/39-A. [April 1922–June 1932.] 240pp.

Subjects: Canadian Pacific Railway Company; Galveston, Texas, port of transit; Montreal,Canada; steamship transportation; Canadian National Railway; ports of entry for transit;amendment to Rule 19, Chinese Exclusion Rules; Canadian Northern Railway; transit routes;Trunk Line Passenger Association; diseased aliens; Boston, Massachusetts, port of transit;New York City, New York, port of transit.

0671 [Blanket Bonds of Various Railroads regarding Transit of Chinese, 1920–1933] Casefile54415/39-B. [June 1932–November 1933.] 31pp.

Subjects: Canadian Northern Railway; Detroit, Michigan, port of transit; Boston, Massachusetts,port of transit; Canadian Pacific Railway Company.

0702 [Chinese Seamen, Alien, 1922, Bonds] Casefile 54490/7 [Folder 1 of 2]. [March 1923.] 9pp.Subjects: Landing of excluded alien seamen at U.S. ports; United States ex rel. Lum Young v.Stump.

0711 [Chinese Seamen, Alien, 1922, Bonds] Casefile 54490/7 [Folder 2 of 2]. [February 1921–August 1922.] 160pp.

Subjects: Regulations on Asian seamen landing at U.S. ports; “barred zones” issue; AtlanticFruit Company; amendment to Rule 7, Chinese Exclusion Rules; procedure for paying bondsprior to landing; Mallory Transport Lines, Inc.; Carolininan; Ward Line; desertion of seamenproblem; New York City, New York, immigration station.

Reel 80001 [Chinese Seamen, Alien, 1922–1924, Bonds] Casefile 54490/7-A. [August 1922–July 1924.]

189pp.Subjects: New York City, New York, immigration station; United States ex rel. Lum Youngv. Stump; transportation of deported alien seamen; shore leave [landing] bonds; regulations onAsian seamen landing at U.S. ports; application of Chinese Exclusion Rules to Indian andJapanese seamen; arrest of Chinese crew members from Oneka; “barred zone” issue; BarberSteamship Lines, Inc.; amendment to Rule 7, Chinese Exclusion Rules; United States ex rel.Ho Chung v. Tod.

9

Frame No.

0189 [Chinese Seamen, Alien, 1924, Bonds] Casefile 54490/7-B. [April 1923–October 1924.]96pp.

Subjects: New Orleans, Louisiana, port of call; Dollar Steamship Line; Angel Island, SanFrancisco Harbor, California, port of entry; United States ex rel. Lum Young v. Stump; UnitedStates ex rel. Ho Chung v. Tod; New York and Cuba Mail Steamship Company.

[The files between Reel 8, frame 0285 and Reel 9, frame 0001 consist of statistical analyses and narrativedescriptions of legal cases relating to arrests and prosecutions for violations of immigration laws, particularly theChinese Exclusion Laws. These are listed by reporting immigration office or district. The information in mostreports is subdivided into the following categories: criminal, civil, bond, habeas corpus, and Chinese. In addition,some files also contain lists of aliens and deportation information.]0285 [Chinese Cases, District of Columbia, 1921] Casefile 54515/1. [August 1918–May 1921.]

33pp.Subject: Statistics on pending Chinese arrest cases.

0318 [Chinese Cases, District of Columbia, 1920] Casefile 54515/2. [August 1918–April 1919;December 1920.] 38pp.

Subject: Statistics on pending Chinese and immigration court cases.0356 [Chinese Cases, Reports from Chicago [Illinois], 1918–1919] Casefile 54515/4. [July 1918–

October 1919.] 29pp.Subject: Statistics on pending Chinese and immigration cases before the 11th District Court.

0385 [Chinese Cases, Reports from Cleveland [Ohio], 1919] Casefile 54515/5. [September 1918–March 1919.] 7pp.

Subject: Status of pending Chinese and immigration cases.0392 [Chinese Cases, Reports from District #14 [Denver, Colorado], 1922] Casefile 54515/7.

[September 1918–February 1922.] 36pp.Subjects: Statements of expenses incurred in deportations of aliens; status of immigrationcases before the 14th District Court.

0428 [Court Cases, District #8, Ellis Island [New York Harbor, New York], 1920] Casefile54515/8. [September 1918–August 1920.] 25pp.

Subject: Status of pending Chinese and immigration cases.0453 [Court Cases, Galveston [Texas], 1919–1921] Casefile 54515/9. [September 1918–April

1921.] 36pp.Subject: Status of pending Chinese and immigration cases.

0489 [Court Cases, Honolulu [Hawaii], 1918–1921] Casefile 54515/11. [September 1918–March1920.] 18pp.

Subject: Status of pending Chinese and immigration cases.0507 [Court Cases, Ketchikan [Alaska], 1918–1921] Casefile 54515/13. [August 1918–May

1921.] 36pp.Subject: Status of pending Chinese and immigration cases.

0543 [Court Cases, Montreal [Canada], 1918–1919] Casefile 54515/16. [July 1918–January1919.] 15pp.

Subject: Report on prosecutions of Chinese and immigration law violations.0558 [Court Cases, New Orleans [Louisiana], 1918–1921] Casefile 54515/17. [August 1918–

March 1921.] 36pp.Subject: Status of pending Chinese and immigration cases.

0594 [Court Cases, New York [City, New York], 1918–1919] Casefile 54515/18. [October 1918–August 1919.] 8pp.

Subject: Status of pending Chinese and immigration cases.0602 [Court Cases, Pittsburgh [Pennsylvania], 1918–1921] Casefile 54515/21. [September 1918–

April 1921.] 33pp.Subject: Status of pending Chinese and immigration cases.

0635 [Court Cases, St. Louis [Missouri], 1918–1919] Casefile 54515/24. [September 1918–March1919.] 10pp.

Subjects: Status of pending Chinese and immigration cases; list of detained aliens.

10

Frame No.

0645 [Court Cases, [Angel Island] San Francisco [Harbor, California], 1918–1921] Casefile54515/27. [September 1918–April 1921.] 72pp.

Subject: Status of pending Chinese and immigration cases.0717 [Court Cases, Seattle [Washington], 1918–1921] Casefile 54515/30. [September 1918–

February 1921.] 58pp.Subjects: Status of pending Chinese and immigration cases; dispositions of old cases; whiteslave trade cases.

0775 [Court Cases, Jacksonville [Florida], 1918–1921] Casefile 54515/31. [August 1918–April1921.] 31pp.

Subjects: Status of pending Chinese and immigration cases; list of detained aliens; status onpending immigration cases at Mobile, Alabama, port of entry.

0806 [Court Cases, El Paso [Texas], 1918–1920] Casefile 54515/36. [August 1918–April 1920.]173pp.

Subject: Reports on pending Chinese and immigration cases.

Reel 90001 [Court Cases, San Juan [Puerto Rico], 1918–1921] Casefile 54515/36-A. [May 1920–May

1921.] 105pp.Subjects: Immigration Bureau circular cancellation; reports on pending Chinese and immigrationcases from El Paso, Texas, port of entry.

0106 [Chinese Deportation File, 1919] Casefile 54519/2. [January–April 1919.] 78pp.Subjects: Transport of aliens to ports of deportation; Japanese aliens; steamship transportation;ports of deportation—Boston, Massachusetts, New York, New York, Gloucester City, NewJersey, Angel Island, San Francisco Harbor, California, El Paso, Texas; Momus; SouthernPacific Steamship Line; transport of illegal aliens to U.S.–Mexican border; Montreal, Canada.

0184 [Chinese Deportation File, 1919] Casefile 54519/3. [May–July 1919.] 36pp.Subjects: Deportation officers’ expenses; lists of deportees.

0220 [Sundry File regarding Chinese Student Laborers, 1917–1921] Casefile 54549/126.[November 1915–January 1921.] 211pp.

Subjects: Industrial training; public support of Chinese vocational students; trade with China;British industrial training.

0431 [Sundry File regarding Chinese Student Laborers, 1921–1924] Casefile 54549/126-A.[December 1920–November 1924.] 201pp.

Subjects: Marriage and alien students; Chinese Students’ Alliance, U.S.A.; Section 4, ClauseE, Immigration Act of 1924; fraudulent/misuse of student certificates; American Federationof Labor (AFL); illegal importation of Chinese laborers; Immigration Bureau opposition towork-study programs.

0632 [Sundry File regarding Chinese Student Laborers, 1924–1927] Casefile 54549/126-B.[October 1925–June 1927.] 46pp.

Subjects: Immigration Bureau permission for work-study programs; alien student employmentduring vacations; Japanese students.

0678 [Section Six Denials—Chinese, 1920] Casefile 54549/460. [September 1918–March 1921.]117pp.

Subject: U.S. immigration investigator’s reports from Canton, China.0795 [Chinese Tong War in U.S., 1919] Casefile 54549/735. [December 1918–February 1919.]

29pp.Subjects: San Francisco, California; criminal gangs; Highbinder Tong; China Mail SteamshipCompany.

0824 [Admission of Chinese Officials, 1919] Casefile 54612/50. [June 1919.] 4pp.Subject: Chinese provincial government officials.

11

Frame No.

0828 [Consul, Shanghai, China, Immigration Work of, 1921–1928] Casefile 54645/335. [January1919–March 1922.] 19pp.

Subject: Annual U.S. Consular reports on Chinese emigration/immigration activities, includingvisas and Section Six applications.

0847 [Chinese Student Laborers, 1919–1926] Casefile 54735/90. [July 1919–April 1926.] 158pp.Subjects: China Club of Seattle lobbying efforts; industrial education; work-study programs;Chinese Exclusion Laws; business support of Chinese students; business scholarships.

Reel 100001 [Chinese Entry-Seekers, October 1923] Casefile 55374/67. [October–November 1923.] 7pp.

Subject: New York City, New York, Office of Chinese Inspector reports on landings anddeportations.

0008 [Chinese Application Cases, Seattle [Washington], 1923] Casefile 55374/108. [April–December 1923.] 78pp.

Subjects: Status on Chinese laborers’ return certificate applications; residency issue.0086 [Admission, Chinese Actors (Temporary), Related Chinese, California, 1924] Casefile

55374/227. [November 1923–June 1924.] 108pp.Subjects: San Francisco, California, port of entry; Mandarin Theatre; Chin Lain; Tong war;Chan Kung Woo; use of theatre as facade for criminal activities; Chinatown.

0194 [Mandarin [Theatre] Company, San Francisco, Related Chinese, California, 1924]Casefile 55374/227-A. [July–December 1924.] 206pp.

Subjects: Temporary admission of theatre troupe; alleged slave trade activities; prostitution;Chan Hing; “Bond That Alien Shall Not Become A Public Charge” [alien nonpublic chargebond] applications; Ng San and Ng Shu Ting-heung investigation.

0400 [Mandarin [Theatre] Company, San Francisco, Related Chinese, California, 1924]Casefile 55374/227-B. [December 1924–April 1925.] 210pp.

Subjects: Denial of extension of entry permit for additional troupe members; appearance at LosAngeles Mandarin Theatre; alien nonpublic charge bond extensions; entry of additionalmembers at Seattle, Washington, port of entry; Chin Lain; Chung Cay; Kuan Gen Fit.

0610 [Mandarin [Theatre] Company, San Francisco, Related Chinese, California, 1925]Casefile 55374/227-C. [April–July 1925.] 148pp.

Subjects: Admission of Lee Chi Fong; admission quota; Los Angeles Mandarin Theatre; entrypermit extension issue; alien nonpublic charge bond extensions; requests for admission ofadditional members.

0758 [Mandarin [Theatre] Company, San Francisco, Related Chinese, California, 1925]Casefile 55374/227-D. [July 1925–September 1925.] 266pp.

Subjects: Alien nonpublic charge bond extensions; requests for admission of additionalmembers; Seattle, Washington, port of entry; paroling of theatre troupe members for fund-raising; Immigration Service investigation at Los Angeles, California.

Reel 110001 [Mandarin [Theatre] Company, San Francisco, Related Chinese, California, 1925]

Casefile 55374/227-E. [September 1925–January 1926.] 196pp.Subjects: Alien nonpublic charge bonds and time limit extensions of bonds; Fidelity andDeposit Company of Maryland; Union Indemnity Company; admission quota; San Francisco,California, port of entry; requests for admission of additional actors and actresses; Seattle,Washington, port of entry; Chin Lain.

12

Frame No.

0197 [Admission Extension, Mandarin [Theatre] Company, San Francisco [California], 1925–1927] Casefile 55374/227-F. [January–April 1926.] 248pp.

Subjects: Alien nonpublic charge bonds; National Surety Company; American Surety Companyof New York; United States Fidelity & Guaranty Company; Fidelity and Deposit Company ofMaryland; Union Indemnity Company; parole of actors and actresses; requests for admissionof additional actors and actresses; San Francisco, California, port of entry; Seattle, Washington,port of entry; departures and cancellation of alien nonpublic charge bonds.

0445 [Admission Extension, Mandarin [Theatre] Company, San Francisco [California], 1925–1927] Casefile 55374/227-G. [April–October 1926.] 260pp.

Subjects: Departures and cancellation of bonds; admission quota; alien nonpublic chargebonds; Union Indemnity Company; American Surety Company of New York; requests foradmission of additional actors and actresses; Fidelity and Deposit Company of Maryland; SanFrancisco, California, port of entry; Seattle, Washington, port of entry; National SuretyCompany; extension of temporary admission and bonds.

0705 [Admission Extension, Mandarin [Theatre] Company, San Francisco [California], 1925–1927] Casefile 55374/227-H. [October 1926–May 1927.] 231pp.

Subjects: Admission of actors and actresses; Mexicali, Mexico; alien nonpublic charge bonds;Union Indemnity Company; departures of aliens and cancellation of bonds; Fidelity andDeposit Company of Maryland; requests for admission of additional actors and actresses;American Surety Company of New York; Calexico, California; San Francisco, California,port of entry; Seattle, Washington, port of entry; Great China Theatre; admission quota.

0936 [Admission Extension, Mandarin [Theatre] Company, San Francisco [California], 1925–1927] Casefile 55374/227-I. [November 1926–May 1927.] 158pp.

Subjects: Departures and cancellation of bonds; Union Indemnity Company; Seattle,Washington, port of entry; alien nonpublic charge bonds; admission of actors and actresses;Calexico, California; American Surety Company of New York.

Reel 120001 [Admission Extension, Mandarin [Theatre] Company, San Francisco [California], 1925–

1927] Casefile 55374/227-J. [May–August 1927.] 245pp.Subjects: Admission of children of troupe employees; admission of actors and actresses;Seattle, Washington, port of entry; alien nonpublic charge bonds; Union Indemnity Company;United States Fidelity & Guaranty Company; Ellis Island, New York Harbor, New York, portof entry; Fidelity and Deposit Company of Maryland; San Francisco, California, port of entry;departures and cancellation of bonds; extension of temporary admissions and bonds; LosAngeles, California; Calexico, California.

0246 [Admission Extension, Mandarin [Theatre] Company, San Francisco [California], 1925–1927] Casefile 55374/227-K. [August–December 1927.] 123pp.

Subjects: Extension of temporary admissions and bonds; admission quota; departures andcancellation of bonds; alien nonpublic charge bonds; Union Indemnity Company; transfer ofactors to Mandarin Theatre, Boston, Massachusetts; Seattle, Washington, port of entry; SanFrancisco, California, port of entry; American Surety Company of New York.

0369 [Admission Extension, Related Mandarin Theatre Troupes, California, 1927–1929]Casefile 55374/227-L. [December 1927–May 1928.] 167pp.

Subjects: Admission quota; requests for temporary admission of actors and actresses;departures and cancellation of bonds; alien nonpublic charge bonds; San Francisco, California,port of entry; Union Indemnity Company; Seattle, Washington, port of entry; Ellis Island, NewYork Harbor, New York, port of entry; Honolulu, Hawaii; Los Angeles, California.

13

Frame No.

0536 [Admission Extension, Related Mandarin Theatre Troupes, California, 1927–1929]Casefile 55374/227-M. [January–July 1928.] 180pp.

Subjects: Departures and cancellation of bonds; transfer of actors from Tai Wing Wah Theater,Chicago, Illinois, to Mandarin Theatre, San Francisco, California; requests for temporaryadmission of actors and actresses; extension of temporary admissions and bonds; UnionIndemnity Company; Honolulu, Hawaii, port of departure; Seattle, Washington, port of entryand port of departure; alien nonpublic charge bonds; United States Fidelity & GuarantyCompany; Fidelity and Deposit Company of Maryland; American Surety Company of NewYork.

0716 [Admission Extension, Related Mandarin Theatre Troupes, California, 1927–1929]Casefile 55374/227-N. [June–September 1928.] 164pp.

Subjects: Transfer of actresses from Jock Ming On Theater Company to Mandarin TheatreCompany; extension of temporary admissions and bonds; Seattle, Washington, port of entryand port of departure; departures and cancellation of bonds; transfer of actors and actresses toChoy Ding Quay Opera Company, Chicago, Illinois; alien nonpublic charge bonds; UnionIndemnity Company; requests for temporary admission of actors and actresses; AmericanSurety Company of New York.

0880 [Admission Extension, Related Mandarin Theatre Troupes, California, 1927–1929]Casefile 55374/227-P [January–May 1929.] 198pp.

Subjects: Departures and cancellation of bonds; temporary admission of actors and actresses;Mexicali, Mexico; Union Indemnity Company; alien nonpublic charge bonds; Seattle,Washington, port of entry; Tai Wing Wah Theater, Chicago, Illinois; Calexico, California;American Surety Company of New York.

1078 [Admission Extension, Related Mandarin Theatre Troupes, California, 1927–1929]Casefile 55374/227-O. [August 1928–January 1929.] 209pp.

Subjects: Departures and cancellation of bonds; requests for temporary admission of actorsand actresses; Seattle, Washington, port of entry and port of departure; alien nonpublic chargebonds; Union Indemnity Company; Mexicali, Mexico; Los Angeles, California; extension oftemporary admissions and bonds; San Francisco, California, port of entry; Calexico, California,port of departure; Honolulu, Hawaii.

Reel 130001 [Admission Extension, Related Mandarin Theatre Troupe, California, 1927–1929]

Casefile 55374/227-Q. [April–August 1929.] 195pp.Subjects: Temporary admission of actors and actresses; departures and cancellation of bonds;extension of temporary admissions and bonds; alien nonpublic charge bonds; Union IndemnityCompany; Seattle, Washington, port of entry; American Surety Company of New York;Honolulu, Hawaii.

0196 [Admission Extension, Related Mandarin Theatre Troupe, California, 1929–1933]Casefile 55374/227-R. [August 1929–February 1930.] 201pp.

Subjects: Seattle, Washington, port of entry; departures and cancellation of bonds; alienbonds; Union Indemnity Company; American Surety Company of New York; extension oftemporary admissions and bonds; Los Angeles, California.

0397 [Admission Extension, Related Mandarin Theatre Troupe, California, 1929–1933]Casefile 55374/227-S. [February–August 1930.] 195pp.

Subjects: Temporary admission of actors and actresses; Seattle, Washington, port of entry;alien nonpublic charge bonds; Union Indemnity Company; departures and cancellation ofbonds; extension of temporary admissions and bonds; Honolulu, Hawaii.

0592 [Admission Extension, Related Mandarin Theatre Troupe, California, 1929–1933]Casefile 55374/227-T. [August 1930–January 1931.] 233pp.

Subjects: Extension of temporary admissions and bonds; Union Indemnity Company; Honolulu,Hawaii, port of departure; temporary admission of actors and actresses; departures andcancellation of bonds; alien nonpublic charge bonds.

14

Frame No.

Reel 140001 [Admission Extension, Related Mandarin Theatre Troupe, California, 1929–1933]

Casefile 55374/227-U. [January 1931–September 1931.] 264pp.Subjects: Temporary admission of actors and actresses; departures and cancellation of bonds;alien nonpublic charge bonds; Union Indemnity Company; Honolulu, Hawaii, port ofdeparture; departure verifications; Seattle, Washington, port of entry; extension of temporaryadmissions and bond.

0265 [Admission Extension, Related Mandarin Theatre Troupe, California, 1929–1933]Casefile 55374/227-V. [September 1931–March 1932.] 195pp.

Subjects: Departures and cancellation of bonds; temporary admission of actors and actresses;alien nonpublic charge bonds; Union Indemnity Company; Seattle, Washington, port of entry;Chinese-Hawaiian United Corporation; Honolulu, Hawaii, port of entry and port of departure;extension of temporary admissions and bonds; New Orleans, Louisiana, port of entry;departure verifications.

0460 [Admission Extension, Related Mandarin Theatre Troupe, California, 1929–1933]Casefile 55374/227-W. [March–December 1932.] 194pp.

Subjects: Seattle, Washington, port of entry; extension of temporary admissions and bonds;alien nonpublic charge bonds; Union Indemnity Company; departures and cancellation ofbonds; departure verifications.

0654 [Admission Extension, Related Mandarin Theatre Troupe, California, 1929–1933]Casefile 55374/227-X. [December 1932–July 1933.] 242pp.

Subjects: Extension of temporary admissions and bonds; Fireman’s Fund Indemnity Company;departures and cancellation of bonds; alien nonpublic charge bonds; temporary admission ofactors and actresses; Woo Dip Ying immorality investigation; Union Indemnity Company;United States Fidelity & Guaranty Company; Seattle, Washington, port of entry; departureverifications.

0896 [Information regarding Chinese Tong Wars in California, Related Material, 1924–1926]Casefile 55374/876. [August–September 1898; February 1924–December 1926.] 164pp.

Subjects: H.R. 15535 and deportation of Tong members; Chin family ; Boston, Massachusetts;Minneapolis, Minnesota; New York City, New York; nationwide Tong leaders conference inFresno, California; San Francisco, California, police investigation of Chinese HighbinderSocieties; prostitution.

Reel 150001 [“Matsonia” Incident, Mistreatment of Orientals; Chinese Problem “Reign of Terror” in

San Francisco Chinatown, 1923] Casefile 55383/30. [November 1919–January 1934.] 146pp.Subjects: Discrimination complaints against immigration inspectors at Angel Island, SanFrancisco Harbor, California, port of entry; U.K. Embassy, Washington, complaint againstdiscrimination of British citizens of Chinese ancestry; Russian students; Chinese ConsolidatedBenevolent Association; Chinese Native Sons of San Francisco; apprehension of illegalChinese aliens; Chinese Six Companies; Luckenbach Steamship Company, Inc.

0147 [Photos “Chinese Banana Coaching Letter”; Methods Used by Chinese to Gain Entry;Photo Documented-Documents Related to Chinese System of Gaining Entry byEstablishing Relationship to Chinese Already in U.S.—Methods; Legal and Illegal,Statistics, Etc., 1925–1934] Casefile 55452/385. [January 1925–February 1934.] 193pp.

Subjects: Blood testing and paternity; citizenship claims; indentured servitude of Chinese by“steerers”; investigation of stowaways on Stanley Dollar; investigation of Chinese disembarkingat the Angel Island, San Francisco Harbor, California, port of entry; sale in China of fraudulentpassports; location of family statistics; investigation of San Francisco Trading Company;Japanese-Americans; efforts to gain entry into United States for Chinese males.

15

Frame No.

0340 [[Second] Supplemental Order to Chinese Counsel Order #13, Cases Related to;Correspondence, Documents, Etc., 1925–1933] Casefile 55476/519. [August 1925–November 1931.] 287pp.

Subjects: Students; documentation of Chinese merchants and wives and minor childrenadmitted under the Immigration Act of 1924 who are returning from temporary visit abroad;return permits; U.S. Chamber of Commerce; Chinese Chamber of Commerce of San Franciscopetition; First Supplement to Chinese General Order No. 13; documentation of Chinese treatymerchants returning to United States from temporary visit abroad; Lau Ow Bew case; ChineseExclusion Laws; San Francisco, California; National Committee for Legal Defense IfChinese; rights under the U.S.–China Treaty of Commerce and Navigation of 1880; Americanpublic opinion; Chinese Consolidated Benevolent Association; Chinese Six Companies.

0627 [[Second] Supplemental Order to Chinese Counsel Order #13, Cases Related to;Correspondence, Documents, Etc., 1925–1933] Casefile 55476/519-A. [January 1932–September 1933.] 52pp.

Subjects: Admittance of Chinese merchants with return affidavits; Chan Gon Wing investigation;procedure for handling Chinese merchants under Immigration Act of July 6, 1932, returningto United States; return status of Chinese merchants’ sons.

Reel 160001 [General File relative to Chinese Pre-Investigations, Correspondence, Documents, Forms,

Lists, Regulations] Casefile 55597/912. [November 1926–March 1939; December 1941.]285pp.

Subjects: Application of General Order C-36 to Chinese; Boston, Massachusetts, port of entry;Quon Quon Poy admission case; inspection/examination of Chinese applicants for admission;San Francisco, California, port of entry; Chinese General Order No. 11; abuses by attorneysfor immigrants; Chinese Board of Special Inquiry procedures; Calexico, California, port ofdeparture; Form 430 applicants; Gam Yok Charles Mo case; New Orleans, Louisiana, port ofentry; Form 432 return certificate for Chinese laborers domiciled in the United States; EllisIsland, New York Harbor, New York, port of entry; Seattle, Washington, port of entry;admission question regarding wives and minor children of legally domiciled Chinese merchants;Ang Pang case; use of Form 431 for returning merchants.

0284 [Data regarding Chinese Smuggling of Narcotics, Etc., New York, 1925] Casefile 55466/659. [July 1925.] 7pp.

Subject: Intercepted correspondence between alleged Chinese smugglers regarding dealingswith captain of Dollar Steamship Lines vessel President Garfield.

17

SUBJECT INDEX

The following index is a guide to the major topics, personalities, cities, and activities covered in this microformpublication. The first number after each entry or subentry refers to the reel, while the four-digit number following the colonrefers to the frame number at which a particular file folder containing information on the subject begins. Hence, 1:␣ 0151 directsthe researcher to the folder that begins at Frame 0151 of Reel 1. By referring to the Reel Index, which constitutes the initialsegment of this guide, the researcher will find the folder title, case file number, inclusive dates, and a list of subjects, arrangedin the order in which they appear on the film. Names of cities have been indexed under their state or country designation.Individual habeas corpus cases have not been indexed. Please refer to Reel 4, Frames 0001 and 0225 for a list of these cases.

Accounting irregularitiesat Malone, New York 1: 0744see also Corruption/misconduct;

Investigations/investigatorsActors and actresses, Chinese

admission of children of 12:␣ 0001departure of, from United States 11:␣ 0197–

0938; 12:␣ 0001–1078; 13:␣ 0001–0592;14:␣ 0001–0654

parole of 10:␣ 0758; 11:␣ 0197temporary admission—Mandarin Theatre

Company 10:␣ 0086–0758; 11:␣ 0001–0938;12:␣ 0001–1078; 13:␣ 0001–0592; 14:␣ 0001–0654

transfer of, between theaters 12:␣ 0246, 0536,0716

Admission/admittance/entryentry permits extension issue 10:␣ 0610entry statistics for Chinese aliens 1:␣ 0459illegal methods to gain 15:␣ 0147inspection/examination of Chinese applicants

16:␣ 0001irregularities 1:␣ 0331nonenforcement of Chinese Exclusion Laws

1:␣ 0459Quon Quon Poy admission case 16:␣ 0001quotas 10:␣ 0610; 11:␣ 0001, 0445, 0705;

12:␣ 0246, 0369return

of Chinese merchants domiciled in UnitedStates 15:␣ 0340, 0627; 16:␣ 0001

Form 430 and alien travel abroad 6:␣ 0764;16:␣ 0001

Form 431 and returning merchants16:␣ 0001

Form 432 and Chinese laborers domiciledin United States 16:␣ 0001

return certificate/permit 10:␣ 0001;15:␣ 0340

of wives and minor children of Chinesemerchants 15:␣ 0340; 16:␣ 0001

rules for 6:␣ 0764temporary

of Chinese actors and actresses 10:␣ 0086–0758; 11:␣ 0001–0938; 12:␣ 0001–1078;13:␣ 0001–0592; 14:␣ 0001–0654

of illiterate Mexicans 5:␣ 0882witnesses for applicants 5:␣ 0710see also Illegal entry/importation

AgitatorsHindu, deportations of 5:␣ 0001, 0219, 0418

Agriculturelabor 5:␣ 0882; 6:␣ 0001, 0212

Ajax3:␣ 0581

Aki Maru3:␣ 0581

AlabamaMobile 8:␣ 0775

AlaskaKetchikan 8:␣ 0507

Alien nonpublic charge bondsee Bonds

American Federation of Labor (AFL)9:␣ 0431see also Labor organizations/unions

American Surety Company of New York7:␣ 0270; 11:␣ 0197–0938; 12:␣ 0246, 0536–

0880; 13:␣ 0001, 0196

18

Angel Island, San Francisco Harbor, CaliforniaChinese admission at 5:␣ 0710; 15:␣ 0147general 8:␣ 0189hospital 2:␣ 0380; 6:␣ 0369investigation of immigration officials at

4:␣ 0826, 0833; 5:␣ 0539; 15:␣ 0147mistreatment of Chinese aliens at 3:␣ 0986;

15:␣ 0001port of deportation 9:␣ 0106port of entry 3:␣ 0986; 4:␣ 0833; 6:␣ 0369;

8:␣ 0189; 15:␣ 0001statistics 8:␣ 0645

Ang Pang16:␣ 0001

Appropriation Act of March 3, 19251:␣ 0151

Armed services, U.S.enlistment of illegal aliens 1:␣ 0151

Arrests/apprehensionof Chinese aliens

general 15:␣ 0001statistics 8:␣ 0285–0806

of Chinese sailorsgeneral 7:␣ 0202from Oneka 8:␣ 0001in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 7:␣ 0001

of Hindu aliens in Pennsylvania and NewJersey 7:␣ 0001

for narcotics violations 1:␣ 0151warrants of arrest cases 1:␣ 0151see also Indictments; Detention/

imprisonment/detainment; ParoleAsia

labor in United States 6:␣ 0001; 7:␣ 0202regulations on landing at U.S. ports of call of

Asian seamen 7:␣ 0711; 8:␣ 0001Asylum issue

Korean aliens 3:␣ 0903Atlantic Fruit Company

7:␣ 0711Attorneys at law

representing Chinese 1:␣ 1023; 16:␣ 0001Automobiles

use in smuggling aliens 4:␣ 0532Awa Maru

2:␣ 0961; 3:␣ 0336, 0581Baja California

see Lower (Baja) California, MexicoBarber Steamship Lines, Inc.

8:␣ 0001Barges

smuggling of aliens on lumber and coal4:␣ 0532

“Barred zones” issuealien seamen and 7:␣ 0711; 8:␣ 0001see also Ports

Blood testingand paternity 15:␣ 0147

Boards of Special Inquiryprocedures for Chinese aliens 16:␣ 0001

Bond casesstatistics 8:␣ 0318–0806; 9:␣ 0001

Bonds“Bond That Alien Shall Not Become A Public

Charge” (alien nonpublic charge bond)10:␣ 0194; 11:␣ 0001–0938; 12:␣ 0001–1078;13:␣ 0001–0592; 14:␣ 0001–0654

cancellations of 11:␣ 0197–0938; 12:␣ 0001–1078; 13:␣ 0001–0592; 14:␣ 0001–0654

extensions of 10:␣ 0400–0758; 11:␣ 0001, 0445;12:␣ 0001–1078; 13:␣ 0001–0592; 14:␣ 0001–0654

landing—Chinese seamen 7:␣ 0702, 0711;8:␣ 0001, 0189

transit 6:␣ 0661transit—railroad 7:␣ 0270–0671

Briberygeneral 1:␣ 0956of immigration officer Moy Loy 1:␣ 0459,

0869see also Corruption/misconduct

British Columbiasmuggling of Chinese aliens from, to

Washington and Oregon 4:␣ 0532Vancouver 4:␣ 0694

British GuianaEast Indians born in 5:␣ 0001

Business/businesses/companiesscholarships 9:␣ 0847support of Chinese students 9:␣ 0847U.S., in Mexico—importation of Chinese

labor 6:␣ 0001, 0212California

Angel Island, San Francisco Harbor 2:␣ 0380;3:␣ 0986; 4:␣ 0826, 0833; 5:␣ 0539, 0710;8:␣ 0189, 0645; 9:␣ 0106; 15:␣ 0147

Bolinas 4:␣ 0833Calexico 6:␣ 0532; 11:␣ 0705, 0938; 12:␣ 0001,

0880, 1078; 16:␣ 0001fake residence certificates 4:␣ 0712Fresno 14:␣ 0896indictments of Chinese in 2:␣ 0426Los Angeles 4:␣ 0833; 10:␣ 0400; 12:␣ 0001,

0369, 1078; 13:␣ 0196San Diego 4:␣ 0712, 0724

19

San Francisco 1:␣ 0151; 3:␣ 0903; 4:␣ 0816–0833; 6:␣ 0652, 0661; 9:␣ 0795; 10:␣ 0194–0758; 11:␣ 0001–0938; 12:␣ 0001–0536;14:␣ 0896; 15:␣ 0340; 16:␣ 0001

smuggling 4:␣ 0724–0833transit between Mexico and 6:␣ 0212, 0661

CanadaBritish Columbia 4:␣ 0532, 0694Customs cooperation with U.S. Bureau of

Immigration 4:␣ 0532entry of Hindu agitators into United States via

5:␣ 0001immigration officials’ cooperation with U.S.

immigration officials 5:␣ 0001Kingston 2:␣ 0144, 0271Montreal 1:␣ 0331; 6:␣ 0764; 7:␣ 0270, 0431;

8:␣ 0543; 9:␣ 0106Sarnia 2:␣ 0144smuggling into United States 2:␣ 0144, 0271;

4:␣ 0532Vancouver 4:␣ 0694

Canada Maru3:␣ 0452

Canadian National Railways7:␣ 0270, 0431

Canadian Northern Railway Company7:␣ 0270–0671

Canadian Pacific Railway Company7:␣ 0270–0671

CaribbeanEast Indians in 5:␣ 0418

Carolininan7:␣ 0711

Certificates of residencesee Residence certificates

Chamber of Commerce of San Francisco,Chinese

petition 15:␣ 0340see also Chinatown

Chamber of Commerce, U.S.15:␣ 0340

Champlain District (New York)1:␣ 0331

Chang Kiu Singattorney at law 1:␣ 1023

Chan Gon Wing15:␣ 0627

Chan Hingand Mandarin Theatre 10:␣ 0194

Chan Kung Wooand Mandarin Theatre 10:␣ 0086

Chicago Maru2:␣ 0823; 3:␣ 0001, 0452, 0751

Childrenadmission of actors’ and actresses’ children

12:␣ 0001of Chinese merchants and reentry into United

States 15:␣ 0340, 0627; 16:␣ 0001irregularities in admission of Chinese boys

1:␣ 0331China

Canton—U.S. immigration investigator’sreports 9:␣ 0678

sale of fraudulent U.S. passports in 15:␣ 0147Shanghai—U.S. Consulate 3:␣ 0903; 9:␣ 0828Treaty of Commerce and Navigation of 1880

15:␣ 0340U.S. admittance of provincial government

officials 9:␣ 0824U.S. trade with 9:␣ 0220

China Club of Seattlelobbying efforts 9:␣ 0847

China Mail Steamship Company9:␣ 0795

Chinatown (San Francisco, California)10:␣ 0086; 15:␣ 0001

Chinese aliens/immigrants/emigrantsarrests/apprehension 8:␣ 0285–0806, 15:␣ 0001deportation of 4:␣ 0833; 7:␣ 0001; 8:␣ 0001;

9:␣ 0106, 0184; 10:␣ 0001entry into United States statistics 1:␣ 0459fake residence certificates 4: 0712habeas corpus cases 4:␣ 0001, 0225hookworm 2:␣ 0380, 0541–0961; 3:␣ 0001–

0751; 6:␣ 0369illegal entry; importation of 4:␣ 0833; 9:␣ 0431;

15:␣ 0147indictments of, in California 2:␣ 0426intercontinental transit of 2:␣ 0144; 4:␣ 0532;

6:␣ 0661; 7:␣ 0270, 0431, 0671laborers 5:␣ 0882; 6:␣ 0212; 7:␣ 0001; 9:␣ 0220–

0632; 10:␣ 0008; 16:␣ 0001location of family statistics 15:␣ 0147male 15:␣ 0147, 0627merchants legally domiciled in United States

1:␣ 0331; 15:␣ 0340, 0627; 16:␣ 0001mistreatment of 3:␣ 0986; 4:␣ 0833; 15:␣ 0001seamen 7:␣ 0001, 0702, 0711; 8:␣ 0001, 0189slave trade and 10:␣ 0194; 15:␣ 0147statements on efforts to circumvent

immigration laws 1:␣ 0459

20

Chinese aliens/immigrants/emigrants cont.statistics on legal cases 8:␣ 0285–0806“steerers” and 15:␣ 0147students 3:␣ 0986; 6:␣ 0574; 9:␣ 0220–0632,

0847; 15:␣ 0340transit of 4:␣ 0724, 0816; 6:␣ 0212, 0661, 0764;

7:␣ 0431transshipment of 2:␣ 0144; 5:␣ 0001; 6:␣ 0661;

7:␣ 0270U.S. consular reports on 9:␣ 0828visas 9:␣ 0828see also Admission/admittance/entry; Mexico;

Smugglers; Smuggling“Chinese Banana Coaching Letter”

illegal entry methods 15:␣ 0147Chinese Consolidated Benevolent Association

6:␣ 0369; 15:␣ 0001, 0340see also Chinese Native Sons Society

Chinese exclusion cases1:␣ 0956

Chinese Exclusion Laws/Rulesamendment to Rule 7 7:␣ 0711; 8:␣ 0001amendment to Rule 19 7:␣ 0431appeals for relaxation of 5:␣ 0882application of, to Indian and Japanese seamen

8:␣ 0001deferments and 1:␣ 0151deportations and 1:␣ 0151enforcement 1:␣ 0331; 2:␣ 0271general 1:␣ 0151; 6:␣ 0764; 9:␣ 0847; 15:␣ 0340General Order

No. 11 16:␣ 0001No. 13, First Supplement 15:␣ 0340No. 13, Second Supplement 15:␣ 0340,

0627nonenforcement 1:␣ 0459parole and 1:␣ 0151Section Six denials 9:␣ 0678

Chinese-Hawaiian United Corporation14:␣ 0265

Chinese inspectors (U.S. Immigration Service)authority of 1:␣ 0956discrimination complaint against 15:␣ 0001general 10:␣ 0001; 16:␣ 0001interpreters 2:␣ 0001; 5:␣ 0539misconduct of/corrupt 4:␣ 0826; 5:␣ 0539Moy Loy 1:␣ 0459, 0869Rhoads, Harold M. 7:␣ 0001, 0202see also Investigations/investigators

Chinese Native Sons of San Francisco15:␣ 0001

Chinese Native Sons SocietyGrand (United) Parlor of the (Golden State)

Native Sons organization 5:␣ 0539Chinese Six Companies

15:␣ 0001, 0340Chinese Students’ Alliance, U.S.A.

9:␣ 0431see also Committee on Friendly Relations

Among Foreign StudentsChin family

14:␣ 0896Chin Lain

Mandarin Theatre 10:␣ 0086, 0400; 11:␣ 0001Choy Ding Quay Opera Company

12:␣ 0716Chung Cay

Mandarin Theatre 10:␣ 0400Citizenship claims

15:␣ 0147Civil law cases

statistics 8:␣ 0318–0806; 9:␣ 0001Colorado

Denver 8:␣ 0392Committee on Friendly Relations AmongForeign Students

3:␣ 0986see also Students

Companiessee Business/businesses/companies

Consular Service, JapaneseSan Francisco, California, consulate 3:␣ 0903

Consular Service, U.S.consulates

Kingston, Jamaica 1:␣ 0069Shanghai, China 3:␣ 0903; 9:␣ 0828Veracruz, Mexico 1:␣ 0001

reports on Chinese emigration 9:␣ 0828Section Six applications; denials 9:␣ 0678,

0828Corruption/misconduct

accounting irregularities 1:␣ 0744bribery 1:␣ 0459, 0869, 0956extortion 5:␣ 0539investigation of immigration officials

Angel Island, San Francisco Harbor,California 4:␣ 0826, 0833; 5:␣ 0539;15:␣ 0147

Baltimore, Maryland 1:␣ 0331Los Angeles, California 10:␣ 0758

issuance of fake residence certificates 4:␣ 0712

21

issuance of fraudulent/misuse of studentcertificates 9:␣ 0431

mishandling of detained deportees 4:␣ 0833trial of immigration officials at Malone, New

York 1:␣ 0331–0950see also Attorneys at law; Criminal activities/

organizations“Country of origin” issue

deportations and 1:␣ 0151Court/legal cases

see Arrests/apprehension; Bond cases; Civillaw cases; Criminal cases; Habeas corpuscases; Immigration cases

Crimesee Bribery; Corruption/misconduct

Criminal activities/organizationsextortion 5:␣ 0539gangs 9:␣ 0795Highbinder Society 9:␣ 0795; 14:␣ 0896opium houses 4:␣ 0694prostitution 10:␣ 0194; 14:␣ 0896slave trade/indentured servitude 10:␣ 0194;

15:␣ 0147smuggling

of aliens 1:␣ 0001, 0069; 2:␣ 0144, 0271,0426; 4:␣ 0532–0833; 6:␣ 0532, 0574,0631–0764

of narcotics 4:␣ 0705; 16:␣ 0284tong wars 9:␣ 0795; 10:␣ 0086; 14:␣ 0896use of Mandarin Theatre as facade for

10:␣ 0086white slave trade 8:␣ 0717see also Corruption/misconduct

Criminal casesstatistics 8:␣ 0318–0806; 9:␣ 0001

Cubageneral 4:␣ 0532Havana 6:␣ 0661

Customs, Canadiancooperation with U.S. Immigration Service

4:␣ 0532general 1:␣ 0869

Customs Service, U.S.personnel statements at San Francisco,

California 4:␣ 0833Daughdrill, Claude H.

1:␣ 0069Deferments

and Chinese Exclusion Laws 1:␣ 0151Delta

investigation of 1:␣ 0069

Deportationscases 1:␣ 0956; 7:␣ 0202of Chinese aliens

general 7:␣ 0001; 9:␣ 0106, 0184; 10:␣ 0001mishandling of Chinese under detention

4:␣ 0833seamen 8:␣ 0001tong members 14:␣ 0896

and Chinese Exclusion Laws 1:␣ 0151and “country of origin” issue 1:␣ 0151of Hindu agitators 5:␣ 0001Japanese aliens 9:␣ 0106see also Voluntary departure

Desertionof Chinese seamen while in U.S. ports 7:␣ 0001of East Indian seamen from British ships in

U.S. ports 5:␣ 0418Detention/imprisonment/detainment

of illegal Chinese for narcotics violations1:␣ 0151

lists of aliens 8:␣ 0635, 0775mishandling of Chinese deportees under

4:␣ 0833see also Arrests/apprehension; Parole

Discriminationcomplaints against immigration inspectors at

Angel Island, San Francisco Harbor15:␣ 0001

U.K. Embassy complaint against, of Britishcitizens 15:␣ 0001

Diseased aliens4:␣ 0001; 6:␣ 0369; 7:␣ 0431see also Hookworm; Medical inspections

District of ColumbiaChinese cases 8:␣ 0285, 0318

District #8Ellis Island, New York Harbor—Chinese

cases 8:␣ 0428District #14

Denver, Colorado—Chinese cases 8:␣ 0392Dollar Steamship Line

8:␣ 0189; 16:␣ 0284East Indians

in the Caribbean 5:␣ 0418desertion of, from British ships 5:␣ 0418status of, born in British Guiana 5:␣ 0001see also Hindu aliens

Education/trainingindustrial 9:␣ 0220, 0847work-study programs 9:␣ 0431, 0632, 0847see also Students

22

11th District CourtChinese and immigration cases 8:␣ 0356

Ellis Island, New York HarborChinese cases 8:␣ 0428port of entry 12:␣ 0001, 0369; 16:␣ 0001

Emigration/emigrantssee Chinese aliens/immigrants/emigrants;

Hindu aliens; Japanese aliens/immigrants/emigrants; Korean aliens/immigrants/emigrants

Employmentof alien students during vacations 5:␣ 0632of Hindu aliens 7:␣ 0001Pennsylvania Railroad 7:␣ 0001Sun Shipbuilding Company 7:␣ 0202see also Labor/laborers; Mandarin Theatre

CompanyEntry

see Admission/admittance/entryExclusion

see Chinese Exclusion Laws/Rules;Immigration Act of February 5, 1917

ExtortionJew Tem Lem case 5:␣ 0539

Fernandez, Luissmuggling case 2:␣ 0426

Fidelity and Deposit Company of Maryland11:␣ 0001–0705; 12:␣ 0001, 0536

Fireman’s Fund Indemnity Company14:␣ 0654

Floridaillegal entry of aliens into 1:␣ 0001, 0069Jacksonville 8:␣ 0775Pensacola 1:␣ 0069Tampa 6:␣ 0661

Gam Yok Charles Mo16:␣ 0001

General OrderC-36 16:␣ 0001No. 11 16:␣ 0001No. 13, First Supplement 15:␣ 0340No. 13, Second Supplement 15:␣ 0340, 0627

G.M. Cochrane1:␣ 0001

Government, federalbureaucratic response to smuggling of aliens

problem 6:␣ 0764Grand (United) Parlor of the (Golden State)Native Sons

Chinese Native Sons Society organization5:␣ 0539

Great China Theatre11:␣ 0705

Great Northern Railway4:␣ 0705

H.R. 117531:␣ 0151

H.R. 1553514:␣ 0896

Habeas corpus casesDistrict of Hawaii 4:␣ 0001, 0225statistics 8:␣ 0318–0806; 9:␣ 0001

HawaiiDistrict of Hawaii 4:␣ 0001, 0225general 6:␣ 0001Honolulu 8:␣ 0489; 12:␣ 0369, 0536, 1078;

13:␣ 0001, 0397, 0592; 14:␣ 0001, 0265Head tax

7:␣ 0270Highbinder Tong/Society

9:␣ 0795; 14:␣ 0896see also Tong wars

Hindu aliens5:␣ 0001–0418; 7:␣ 0001see also Seamen/sailors, alien

Hindu-German Conspiracy5:␣ 0001

Ho Chung v. Tod, United States ex rel.8:␣ 0001, 0189

Hom Keesmuggler 6:␣ 0574

Hookwormepidemic 2:␣ 0380; 6:␣ 0369treatment hearings 2:␣ 0541–0961; 3:␣ 0001–

0751Hospital facilities

Angel Island, San Francisco Harbor,California 2:␣ 0380; 6:␣ 0369

Hughes, James L.Immigration Service investigator 4:␣ 0833

IdahoLewiston 6:␣ 0638

Illegal entry/importationof Chinese at Bolinas, California 4:␣ 0833of Chinese laborers 9:␣ 0431of Japanese into Lower (Baja) California,

Mexico 6:␣ 0532methods 15:␣ 0147Muy Fat case 2:␣ 0426through ports in Florida and Mississippi

1:␣ 0001, 0069see also Smuggling

23

IllinoisChicago 8:␣ 0356; 12:␣ 0536–0880

Immigration Actof February 5, 1917

exclusion of natives of India 5:␣ 0001Ninth Proviso, Section 3 5:␣ 0882

of 1924Chinese merchants 15:␣ 0340Section 3(1) 1:␣ 0151Section 4, Clause E 9:␣ 0431

of July 6, 1932 15:␣ 0627Immigration cases

statistics 8:␣ 0285–0806; 9:␣ 0001Immigration/immigrants

see Chinese aliens/immigrants/emigrants;Hindu aliens; Japanese aliens/immigrants/emigrants; Korean aliens/immigrants/emigrants

Immigration laws, U.S.Chinese statements on efforts to circumvent

1:␣ 0459General Order C-36 16:␣ 0001handling of Hindus under 5:␣ 0418see also Chinese Exclusion Laws/Rules;

Immigration Act; National Committee forConstructive Immigration Legislation

Immigration Service/Bureau of Immigration,U.S.

Boards of Special Inquiry 16:␣ 0001bureaucratic response to smuggling problem

6:␣ 0764circulars

on cancellation of statistical report onChinese and immigration cases 9:␣ 0001

on enforcement of Chinese ExclusionLaws 2:␣ 0271

cooperation with Canadian customs officials4:␣ 0532

cooperation with Canadian immigrationofficials 5:␣ 0001

diseases—change of hookworm from Class Ato Class B 6:␣ 0369

districtsChamplain 1:␣ 0331Hawaii 4:␣ 0001, 0225New Orleans 1:␣ 0001, 0069#8 8:␣ 0428#14 8:␣ 0392

Form430 6:␣ 0764; 16:␣ 0001431 16:␣ 0001432 16:␣ 0001

immigration station reports 6:␣ 0764

personnelChinese inspectors 1:␣ 0459, 0869, 0956;

2:␣ 0001; 4:␣ 0826; 5:␣ 0539; 7:␣ 0001,0202; 10:␣ 0001; 15:␣ 0001; 16:␣ 0001

deportation officers 9:␣ 0184general 1:␣ 0331, 0459; 4:␣ 0833inspectors 2:␣ 0001; 4:␣ 0833; 7:␣ 0001,

0202; 15:␣ 0001interpreters 2:␣ 0001; 5:␣ 0539investigations of 1:␣ 0331–0950; 2:␣ 0001;

4:␣ 0826, 0833; 5:␣ 0539; 10:␣ 0758;15:␣ 0147

investigators 1:␣ 0331–0950; 4:␣ 0833;6:␣ 0638; 9:␣ 0678

on work-study programs for alien students9:␣ 0431, 0632

see also Consular Service, U.S.; Ports ofdeparture; Ports of deportation; Ports ofentry

Immigration stations/offices, U.S.California

Calexico 11:␣ 0705, 0938; 12:␣ 0001, 0880Los Angeles 10:␣ 0758; 12:␣ 0001, 0369,

1078; 13:␣ 0196Canada—Montreal 1:␣ 0331; 6:␣ 0764; 7:␣ 0270,

0431; 8:␣ 0543Colorado—Denver 8:␣ 0392Hawaii—Honolulu 12:␣ 0369Idaho—Lewiston 6:␣ 0638Illinois—Chicago 8:␣ 0356Michigan—Detroit 4:␣ 0532; 7:␣ 0671Minnesota

Duluth 4:␣ 0694Minneapolis 14:␣ 0896

Missouri—St. Louis 8:␣ 0635Montana—Helena and Butte City 6:␣ 0574New Jersey—Gloucester City 7:␣ 0001, 0202;

9:␣ 0106New York—New York City 8:␣ 0001Ohio—Cleveland 8:␣ 0385Pennsylvania—Pittsburgh 8:␣ 0602Tennessee—Memphis 4:␣ 0694see also Ports of departure; Ports of

deportation; Ports of entry; Ports of transitImprisonment

see Detention/imprisonment/detainedIndentured servitude

see Slave trade/indentured servitudeIndia

deportation of Hindu agitators to 5:␣ 0001Indictments

in California 2:␣ 0426

24

Industrial education/trainingChinese students 9:␣ 0220, 0847in United Kingdom 9:␣ 0220

Informant reportson Japanese smuggling 6:␣ 0532see also Intelligence activities

Inspectors (U.S. Immigration Service)alleged misconduct/corrupt 1:␣ 0331; 4:␣ 0833discrimination complaint against 15:␣ 0001listing of 2:␣ 0001Rhoads, Harold M. 7:␣ 0001, 0202see also Investigations/investigators

Intelligence activitieson smuggling operations 2:␣ 0144, 0271, 0426;

4:␣ 0816by U.S. Consulate, Kingston, Jamaica 1:␣ 0069by U.S. Consulate, Veracruz, Mexico 1:␣ 0001see also Informant reports

Intercontinental transitof illegal Chinese aliens 2:␣ 0144; 4:␣ 0532;

6:␣ 0661; 7:␣ 0270, 0431see also Transit of Chinese aliens;

Transshipment of illegal aliens/deporteesInterpreters (U.S. Immigration Service)

Chinese 2:␣ 0001; 5:␣ 0539Investigations/investigators (U.S. ImmigrationService)

of alleged corrupt immigration officials1:␣ 0331; 4:␣ 0833; 5:␣ 0539

of arrested Hindu aliens from SouthBethlehem 7:␣ 0001

in Canton, China 9:␣ 0678of Chan Gon Wing 15:␣ 0627of Chinese inspectors 4:␣ 0826; 5:␣ 0539;

15:␣ 0001of Chinese interpreters 2:␣ 0001Hughes, James L. 4:␣ 0833of immigration officials

Angel Island, San Francisco Harbor,California 4:␣ 0833; 5:␣ 0539; 15:␣ 0147

Baltimore, Maryland 1:␣ 0331Los Angeles, California 10:␣ 0758Malone, New York 1:␣ 0331–0950San Francisco, California 4:␣ 0826

Izard, Ralph 1:␣ 0331–0950to Lewiston, Idaho 6:␣ 0638of Ng San and Ng Shu Ting-heung 10:␣ 0194of San Francisco Trading Company 15:␣ 0147of smuggling aliens into United States 6:␣ 0764of Stanley Dollar stowaways 15:␣ 0147Woo Dip Ying and immorality allegations

14:␣ 0654Yook Fee case 6:␣ 0631

Izard, Ralphinvestigation by 1:␣ 0331–0950

JamaicaKingston 1:␣ 0001Kingston—U.S. Consulate intelligence

activities 1:␣ 0069Japan

consulate in San Francisco, California 3:␣ 0903government

complaints regarding Korean aliens inUnited States 3:␣ 0903

deportation of Hindu agitators 5:␣ 0001Japanese aliens/immigrants/emigrants

deportations 9:␣ 0106entry into United States via Lower (Baja)

California, Mexico 6:␣ 0661general 6:␣ 0369Hawaiian-born 3:␣ 0986hookworm 2:␣ 0380, 0541–0961; 3:␣ 0001–

0751; 6:␣ 0369in Mexico 6:␣ 0532, 0661smuggling of 6:␣ 0532, 0574see also Seamen/sailors, alien

Japanese-Americans15:␣ 0147

Japanese Association of North Americaappeal for hookworm treatment 6:␣ 0369

Jew Tem Lemextortion case 5:␣ 0539

Jock Ming On Theater Company12:␣ 0716

Korean aliens/immigrants/emigrants3:␣ 0903

Korean National Association of North America3:␣ 0903

Kuan Gen FitMandarin Theatre Company 10:␣ 0400

Labor/laborersagricultural 5:␣ 0882; 6:␣ 0001, 0212Asian, in United States 6:␣ 0001; 7:␣ 0202in Chester, Pennsylvania 7:␣ 0001Chinese 5:␣ 0882; 6:␣ 0212; 7:␣ 0001; 9:␣ 0431;

10:␣ 0008; 16:␣ 0001Hindus 7:␣ 0001Korean 6:␣ 0212in Mexico 5:␣ 0882; 6:␣ 0001, 0212Pacific coast 5:␣ 0882; 6:␣ 0001shortage 5:␣ 0882in South 5:␣ 0882student 9:␣ 0220–0632, 0847

25

Labor organizations/unionsAmerican Federation of Labor 9:␣ 0431complaints/opposition to Asian labor 6:␣ 0001;

7:␣ 0001, 0202discrimination against Hindu aliens 7:␣ 0001general 5:␣ 0001, 0219

Lau Ow Bewcase 15:␣ 0340

Leffingwell, Samuelsmuggling case 4:␣ 0724

Li, Paulmistreatment case 3:␣ 0986

Lincoln First Baptist Church (Nebraska)on entry into United States of Korean aliens

3:␣ 0903Lobbyists/lobbying activities

American Federation of Labor 9:␣ 0431China Club of Seattle 9:␣ 0847Chinese Chamber of Commerce of San

Francisco 15:␣ 0340Chinese Consolidated Benevolent Association

6:␣ 0369; 15:␣ 0001, 0340Chinese-Hawaiian United Corporation

14:␣ 0265Chinese Native Sons of San Francisco

15:␣ 0001Chinese Native Sons Society—Grand

(United) Parlor of the (Golden State) NativeSons organization 5:␣ 0539

Chinese Students’ Alliance, U.S.A. 9:␣ 0431Committee on Friendly Relations Among

Foreign Students 3:␣ 0986Japanese Association of North America

6:␣ 0369Korean National Association of North

America 3:␣ 0903Lincoln First Baptist Church (Nebraska)

3:␣ 0903National Committee for Constructive

Immigration Legislation 3:␣ 0986National Committee for Legal Defense If

Chinese 15:␣ 0340U.S. Chamber of Commerce 15:␣ 0340

LouisianaBarataria area 1:␣ 0069New Orleans 1:␣ 0069; 8:␣ 0189, 0558;

14:␣ 0265; 16:␣ 0001Lower (Baja) California, Mexico

Chinese labor in 6:␣ 0001, 0212Japanese aliens

entry into United States via 6:␣ 0661general 6:␣ 0532

Luckenbach Steamship Company, Inc.15:␣ 0001

Lum Young v. Stump, United States ex rel.7:␣ 0702; 8:␣ 0001, 0189

Lun Hing Company4:␣ 0712

Lym, Robert F.Chinese interpreter 5:␣ 0539

Mail, U.S.illegal use of 4:␣ 0712interception of 6:␣ 0641, 0647; 16:␣ 0284public opinion 5:␣ 0001, 0219, 0418; 6:␣ 0001see also Post Office, U.S.

Mallory Transport Lines, Inc.7:␣ 0711

Malloy, M. J.smuggler 4:␣ 0532

Mandarin Theatre Companyin Boston, Massachusetts 12:␣ 0246general 10:␣ 0086–0758; 11:␣ 0001–0938;

12:␣ 0001–1078; 13:␣ 0001–0592; 14:␣ 0001–0654

in Los Angeles, California 10:␣ 0400Marriage

and alien students 9:␣ 0431Maryland

Baltimore 1:␣ 0331Massachusetts

Boston 7:␣ 0270–0671; 9:␣ 0106; 12:␣ 0246;14:␣ 0896; 16:␣ 0001

Matsonia incident15:␣ 0001

Mausir (Mansir), Charlessmuggling case 4:␣ 0724

Medical inspections6:␣ 0369; 7:␣ 0270see also Diseased aliens; Hookworm

Merchants, Chinesedocumentation of, returning from temporary

visits abroad 15:␣ 0340, 0627; 16:␣ 0001entry statistics in Champlain, New York,

District 1:␣ 0331Form 430 16:␣ 0001Form 431 16:␣ 0001treaty rights 15:␣ 0340wives and minor children of 15:␣ 0340, 0627;

16:␣ 0001

26

MexicoChinese laborers in 5:␣ 0882; 6:␣ 0001, 0212Ensenada 4:␣ 0816government concessions for transport of

Chinese aliens 6:␣ 0212Japanese aliens in 6:␣ 0532Lower (Baja) California 6:␣ 0001, 0212, 0532Mexicali 6:␣ 0212, 0661; 11:␣ 0705; 12:␣ 0880,

1078Salinas Cruz 6:␣ 0652temporary admission of illiterate Mexicans

into United States 5:␣ 0882transit between California and 4:␣ 0724, 0816;

6:␣ 0212transport of deported aliens to U.S. border

with 9:␣ 0106Veracruz—U.S. Consulate 1:␣ 0001

Mexico Maru3:␣ 0001, 0336, 0751

MichiganDetroit 4:␣ 0532; 7:␣ 0671

MinnesotaDuluth 4:␣ 0694Minneapolis 14:␣ 0896

Minnesota3:␣ 0581

Mississippiillegal entry by aliens at ports in 1:␣ 0001, 0069Pascagoula 1:␣ 0069

MissouriSt. Louis 8:␣ 0635

Momus9:␣ 0106

Mongoliastowaways case 4:␣ 0833

MontanaHelena and Butte City 6:␣ 0574

Montelezum, R.smuggler 4:␣ 0724

Moy Loybribery of 1:␣ 0459, 0869

Muy Fatillegal entry case 2:␣ 0426

Narcoticsgeneral 1:␣ 0151opium 4:␣ 0694, 0705smuggling 4:␣ 0705; 16:␣ 0284

National Committee for ConstructiveImmigration Legislation

3:␣ 0986National Committee for Legal Defense IfChinese

15:␣ 0340

National Surety Company11:␣ 0197, 0445

Native Return Certificatessee Return (admission) certificates/permits/

formsNaturalization

5:␣ 0001Neutrality laws, U.S.

violation of 5:␣ 0219New Jersey

arrests of Hindu aliens in 7:␣ 0001Gloucester City 7:␣ 0001, 0202; 9:␣ 0106

New Orleans4:␣ 0816

New Orleans Districtsmuggling of Chinese 1:␣ 0001, 0069

New YorkAlbany 1:␣ 0869Buffalo 2:␣ 0271Champlain District 1:␣ 0331Ellis Island, New York Harbor 8:␣ 0428;

12:␣ 0001, 0369; 16:␣ 0001Malone 1:␣ 0331, 0459, 0744New York City 7:␣ 0431; 8:␣ 0001, 0594;

9:␣ 0106; 10:␣ 0001; 14:␣ 0896; 16:␣ 0284New York Harbor 5:␣ 0418Niagara River area 4:␣ 0532Plattsburg 1:␣ 0331

New York and Cuba Mail Steamship Company8:␣ 0189

Ng San and Ng Shu Ting-heunginvestigation of 10:␣ 0194

Niagara River area4:␣ 0532

Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals4:␣ 0001

OhioCleveland 8:␣ 0385intercontinental transit of illegal aliens

through 2:␣ 0144Oneka

8:␣ 0001Opium

houses 4:␣ 0694smuggling of 4:␣ 0705see also Narcotics

Oregonsmuggling of aliens between British Columbia

and 4:␣ 0532O’Rourke, R. T.

smuggling case 4:␣ 0724

27

Pacific coastlabor 6:␣ 0001labor shortage 5:␣ 0882ports 5:␣ 0416

Panama Maru2:␣ 0541, 0679; 3:␣ 0001, 0581

Paroleof actors and actresses 11:␣ 0197and Chinese Exclusion Laws 1:␣ 0151of theatre troupe members for fund-raising

10:␣ 0758Passports

Korean circumvention of Japanese laws3:␣ 0903

sale in China of fraudulent U.S. 15:␣ 0147Paternity

15:␣ 0147Peninsular & Occidental (P & O) SteamshipCompany

6:␣ 0661Pennsylvania

arrests of Hindu aliens in 7:␣ 0001Chester 7:␣ 0001, 0202Philadelphia 7:␣ 0001Pittsburgh 2:␣ 0271; 8:␣ 0602South Bethlehem 7:␣ 0001

Pennsylvania Railroad Companyemployment of Hindu aliens 7:␣ 0001

Poissant, Adolphsmuggler 4:␣ 0532

Police, localSan Francisco, California—investigation of

Highbinder Societies 14:␣ 0896Political persecution issue

Korean aliens 3:␣ 0903Porter, Nelson W.

immigration agent 1:␣ 0459Ports

West Indian 1:␣ 0001Ports, U.S.

illegal entry by aliens 1:␣ 0001, 0069New Orleans, Louisiana 8:␣ 0189New York, New York 8:␣ 0001regulations on Asian seamen landing at U.S.

7:␣ 0711; 8:␣ 0001see also Seamen/sailors, alien; Seamen/

sailors, ChinesePorts of departure

California—Calexico 12:␣ 1078; 16:␣ 0001Hawaii—Honolulu 12:␣ 0536; 13:␣ 0592;

14:␣ 0265Massachusetts—Boston 7:␣ 0270

Washington—Seattle 12:␣ 0536, 1078see also Immigration stations/offices, U.S.

Ports of deportationCalifornia—Angel Island, San Francisco

Harbor 9:␣ 0106Massachusetts—Boston 9:␣ 0106New Jersey—Gloucester City 9:␣ 0106New York—New York City 9:␣ 0106Texas—El Paso 9:␣ 0106transport of aliens to 9:␣ 0106see also Immigration stations/offices, U.S.

Ports of entryAlabama—Mobile 8:␣ 0775California

Angel Island, San Francisco Harbor3:␣ 0986; 4:␣ 0833; 6:␣ 0369; 8:␣ 0189;15:␣ 0001

San Diego 4:␣ 0724San Francisco 1:␣ 0151; 3:␣ 0903; 4:␣ 0826,

0833; 5:␣ 0001; 6:␣ 0661; 10:␣ 0086;11:␣ 0001–0705; 12:␣ 0001–0369, 1078;16:␣ 0001

Hawaii—Honolulu 14:␣ 0265Louisiana—New Orleans 14:␣ 0265; 16:␣ 0001Maryland—Baltimore 1:␣ 0331Massachusetts—Boston 7:␣ 0270; 16:␣ 0001New Jersey—Gloucester City 7:␣ 0001, 0202New York

Ellis Island, New York Harbor 12:␣ 0001,0369; 16:␣ 0001

Malone 1:␣ 0331, 0459, 0744Plattsburg 1:␣ 0331

statistics on Chinese witnesses at various portsof entry 5:␣ 0710

Texas—El Paso 6:␣ 0532, 0589; 8:␣ 0806;9:␣ 0001

for transit 7:␣ 0431Washington

Seattle 2:␣ 0541, 0961; 3:␣ 0001–0336,0581, 0751, 0986; 5:␣ 0001; 6:␣ 0369;10:␣ 0400; 11:␣ 0001–0938; 12:␣ 0001–1078; 13:␣ 0001–0397; 14:␣ 0001–0654;16:␣ 0001

Tacoma 2:␣ 0541, 0679, 0961; 3:␣ 0001–0452, 0751

see also Immigration stations/offices, U.S.Ports of transit

Massachusetts—Boston 7:␣ 0431, 0671Michigan—Detroit 7:␣ 0671New York—New York City 7:␣ 0431Texas—Galveston 7:␣ 0431see also Immigration stations/offices, U.S.

28

Post Office, U.S.inspector activities 6:␣ 0647interception of U.S. mail 6:␣ 0641, 0647;

16:␣ 0284see also Mail, U.S.

President Garfield16:␣ 0284

Pressleaks to 4:␣ 0816

Prostitution10:␣ 0194; 14:␣ 0896see also Slave trade/indentured servitude;

White slave tradePublic Health and Marine Hospital Service,U.S.

2:␣ 0380see also Medical inspections

Public Health Service, U.S.6:␣ 0369see also Medical inspections

Public opinion, Americangeneral 15:␣ 0340mail

protesting admittance of unskilled Asianlabor 6:␣ 0001

protesting deportation of Hindu agitators5:␣ 0001, 0219, 0418

Public support, Americanof Chinese vocational students 9:␣ 0220

Quon Loysmuggler 6:␣ 0574

Quon Quon Poyadmission case 16:␣ 0001

Quota system/quotasgeneral 1:␣ 0151temporary admission of Chinese actors and

actresses 10:␣ 0610; 11:␣ 0001, 0445, 0705;12:␣ 0246, 0369

see also Admission/admittance/entryRailroads

Canadian National Railway 7:␣ 0270, 0431Canadian Northern Railway Company

7:␣ 0270–0671Canadian Pacific Railway Company 7:␣ 0270–

0671Great Northern Railway 4:␣ 0705Southern Pacific Railroad Company 6:␣ 0661transit bonds 7:␣ 0270–0671transport of Chinese aliens 6:␣ 0661; 7:␣ 0270–

0671use in smuggling of Chinese aliens 2:␣ 0271see also Trunk Line Passenger Association

Residence certificatesfake 4:␣ 0712

Residency issuereturning Chinese aliens 10:␣ 0008see also Admission/admittance/entry;

Merchants, ChineseReturn (admission) certificates/permits/forms

Chinese aliens domiciled in United Statesapplications 10:␣ 0008Form 430 6:␣ 0764; 16:␣ 0001Form 431 16:␣ 0001Form 432 16:␣ 0001general 15:␣ 0340

see also Admission/admittance/entry;Merchants, Chinese

Revenue Cutter Service, U.S.4:␣ 0816

Rhoads, Harold M.inspector 7:␣ 0001, 0202

Russiastudents in United States 15:␣ 0001

Sado Maru2:␣ 0823, 0961; 3:␣ 0336, 0581

San Francisco Trading Companyinvestigation of 15:␣ 0147

Sang Keetestimony by 1:␣ 0744, 0869

Sanuki Maru3:␣ 0001

Saunders, WilliamCanadian Customs officer 1:␣ 0869

Scholarshipsbusiness 9:␣ 0847see also Public support, American

Seamen/sailors, alien“barred zones” issue 7:␣ 0711; 8:␣ 0001desertion of East Indians from British ships in

U.S. ports 5:␣ 0418excluded 7:␣ 0702Hindu 7:␣ 0001; 8:␣ 0001Japanese 8:␣ 0001regulations on landing at U.S. ports of call

7:␣ 0711see also United States ex rel. Lum Young v.

StumpSeamen/sailors, Chinese

“barred zones” issue 7:␣ 0711; 8:␣ 0001deportation of 8:␣ 0001desertion of, while in U.S. ports 7:␣ 0001general 7:␣ 0702landing bonds for 7:␣ 0702, 0711; 8:␣ 0001,

0189

29

regulations on landing at U.S. ports 7:␣ 0711see also United States ex rel. Lum Young v.

StumpSeattle Maru

2:␣ 0541; 3:␣ 0001, 0204Section Six

applications 9:␣ 0828denials 9:␣ 0678

Shizuoka Maru2:␣ 0961; 3:␣ 0452

Slave trade/indentured servitudeof Chinese emigrants by Chinese “steerers”

15:␣ 0147Mandarin Theatre Company 10:␣ 0194white slave trade cases 8:␣ 0717see also Prostitution

SmugglersAmerican citizens of Greek descent 1:␣ 0069Bulgarians 4:␣ 0532Hom Kee 6:␣ 0574Low, “Billie” 4:␣ 0705Maggs, Arthur C. 6:␣ 0589Malloy, M. J. 4:␣ 0532Montelezum, R. 4:␣ 0724Nelson, “Bat” 4:␣ 0705Poissant, Adolph 4:␣ 0532Quon Loy 6:␣ 0574Roberts, Curley 6:␣ 0589

Smugglingof aliens

bureaucratic response to 6:␣ 0764investigation of 6:␣ 0764Japanese 6:␣ 0532, 0574; 15:␣ 0147laborers 6:␣ 0001; 7:␣ 0202

of narcotics 4:␣ 0705; 16:␣ 0284see also Smuggling of Chinese aliens

Smuggling casesFernandez, Luis 2:␣ 0426Leffingwell, Samuel 4:␣ 0724Mausir (Mansir), Charles 4:␣ 0724O’Rourke, R. T. 4:␣ 0724

Smuggling of Chinese aliensin automobiles 4:␣ 0532on barges 4:␣ 0532in California

Bolinas 4:␣ 0833fake residence certificates 4:␣ 0712general 4:␣ 0724–0826San Francisco 4:␣ 0833

across Canada–U.S. border 2:␣ 0144, 0271;4:␣ 0532, 0694

“Chinese Banana Coaching Letter” 15:␣ 0147Florida 1:␣ 0001, 0069

general 1:␣ 0001, 0069; 2:␣ 0144, 0271; 4:␣ 0532,0694, 0705, 0724–0833; 6:␣ 0631–0764

intelligence activities on 1:␣ 0001, 0069;2:␣ 0144, 0271

interception of mail on 6:␣ 0641, 0647laborers 9:␣ 0431methods 1:␣ 0001, 0459; 15:␣ 0147via Mexico 2:␣ 0426Mexico—Ensenada as terminus 4:␣ 0816Michigan—Detroit 4:␣ 0532Mississippi 1:␣ 0001, 0069Niagara River area 4:␣ 0532Pennsylvania—Pittsburgh as terminus from

Canada 2:␣ 0271on railroads 2:␣ 0271San Francisco Trading Company 15:␣ 0147“steerers” 15:␣ 0147stowaways 4:␣ 0833; 6:␣ 0652; 15:␣ 0147students 6:␣ 0574into Washington and Oregon 4:␣ 0532see also Arrests/apprehension; Corruption/

misconduct; Investigations/investigators;Mandarin Theatre Company; Smuggling

Social organizationsChina Club of Seattle 9:␣ 0847Chinese Chamber of Commerce of San

Francisco 15:␣ 0340Chinese Consolidated Benevolent Association

6:␣ 0369; 15:␣ 0001, 0340Chinese Native Sons of San Francisco

15:␣ 0001Chinese Native Sons Society—Grand

(United) Parlor of the (Golden State) NativeSons organization 5:␣ 0539

Chinese Students’ Alliance, U.S.A. 9:␣ 0431Japanese Association of North America

6:␣ 0369Korean National Association of North

America 3:␣ 0903see also Highbinder Tong/Society

Som, Louiedeportation case 1:␣ 0956

Southlabor shortage in 5:␣ 0882

Southern Pacific Railroad Company6:␣ 0661

Southern Pacific Steamship Line9:␣ 0106

Stanley Dollar15:␣ 0147

StatisticsChinese cases 8:␣ 0285–0806; 9:␣ 0001Chinese witnesses at ports of entry 5:␣ 0710on entry of Chinese aliens 1:␣ 0459

30

Statistics cont.on entry of Chinese merchants into Champlain

District, New York 1:␣ 0331Immigrant Hospital, Angel Island, San

Francisco Harbor, 6:␣ 0369immigration cases 8:␣ 0285–0806; 9:␣ 0001on location of Chinese alien families 15:␣ 0147on U.S. resident Hindus 5:␣ 0418

Steamship companiesBarber Steamship Lines, Inc. 8:␣ 0001China Mail Steamship Company 9:␣ 0795Dollar Steamship Line 8:␣ 0189; 16:␣ 0284Luckenbach Steamship Company, Inc.

15:␣ 0001Mallory Transport Lines, Inc. 7:␣ 0711New York and Cuba Mail Steamship

Company 8:␣ 0189Peninsular & Occidental (P & O) Steamship

Company 6:␣ 0661Steamship transportation

7:␣ 0270, 0431“Steerers”

Chinese, and indentured servitude 15:␣ 0147Stowaways

Chinese, on vessels from Salinas Cruz,Mexico 6:␣ 0652

Mongolia case 4:␣ 0833Stanley Dollar investigation 15:␣ 0147

Student certificatesfraudulent/misuse of 9:␣ 0431

Studentsalien 9:␣ 0632businesses’ support of Chinese 9:␣ 0847Chinese 3:␣ 0986; 6:␣ 0574; 9:␣ 0220–0632,

0847; 15:␣ 0340Chinese Students’ Alliance, U.S.A. 9:␣ 0431Committee on Friendly Relations Among

Foreign Students 3:␣ 0986Hindu 5:␣ 0418Japanese 3:␣ 0986; 9:␣ 0632Korean 3:␣ 0903laborers 9:␣ 0220–0632, 0847marriage and 9:␣ 0431Russian 15:␣ 0001scholarships 9:␣ 0847see also Education/training

Sun Shipbuilding Company7:␣ 0202

Tacoma Maru2:␣ 0961; 3:␣ 0204, 0581

Tai Wing Wah Theater12:␣ 0536, 0880

Tamba Maru2:␣ 0961; 3:␣ 0001, 0581

Taxationsee Head tax

Ted Mell Cass Coal Company2:␣ 0144

TennesseeMemphis 4:␣ 0694

Teucer3:␣ 0581

TexasEl Paso 6:␣ 0532, 0589; 8:␣ 0806; 9:␣ 0001, 0106Galveston 7:␣ 0431; 8:␣ 0453

Theater companies/theaters, ChineseGreat China Theatre 11:␣ 0705Jock Ming On Theater Company 12:␣ 0716Mandarin Theatre Company 10:␣ 0086–0758;

11:␣ 0001–0938; 12:␣ 0001–1078; 13:␣ 0001–0592; 14:␣ 0001–0654

Tai Wing Wah Theater 12:␣ 0536, 0880see also Choy Ding Quay Opera Company

Titan3:␣ 0336

Tong wars9:␣ 0795; 10:␣ 0086; 14:␣ 0896see also Criminal activities/organizations

TradeU.S. with China 9:␣ 0220

Transit bonds6:␣ 0661; 7:␣ 0270–0671

Transit of Chinese aliensgeneral 4:␣ 0724intercontinental 2:␣ 0144; 4:␣ 0532; 6:␣ 0661;

7:␣ 0270, 0431problems with 6:␣ 0764by railroad 6:␣ 0661; 7:␣ 0270–0671routes 7:␣ 0431between San Francisco, California, and

Mexicali, Mexico 6:␣ 0212, 0661Transportation

of aliens to ports of deportation 9:␣ 0106general 5:␣ 0001Mexican government concessions for, of

Chinese aliens 6:␣ 0212by railroads 6:␣ 0661; 7:␣ 0270–0671of smuggled aliens

in automobiles 4:␣ 0532on barges 4:␣ 0532by railroads 2:␣ 0271

steamships 7:␣ 0270, 0431; 9:␣ 0106see also Railroads; Steamship companies

31

Transshipment of illegal aliens/deporteesfrom Havana, Cuba, to China via Tampa,

Florida, and San Francisco, California6:␣ 0661

overseas 5:␣ 0001West Indian ports 1:␣ 0001see also Intercontinental transit

Trunk Line Passenger Association7:␣ 0431

Tuck, Josephmistreatment case 3:␣ 0986

Union Indemnity Company11:␣ 0001–0938; 12:␣ 0001–1078; 13:␣ 0001–

0592; 14:␣ 0001–0654United Kingdom (U.K.)

embassy in U.S. complaint regardingdiscrimination of British citizens 15:␣ 0001

industrial training of Chinese students 9:␣ 0220Liverpool, England 6:␣ 0641

United Parlor of the Golden State Native Sonssee Grand (United) Parlor of the (Golden

State) Native SonsUnited States ex rel. Ho Chung v. Tod

8:␣ 0001, 0189United States ex rel. Lum Young v. Stump

7:␣ 0702; 8:␣ 0001United States Fidelity & Guaranty Company

11:␣ 0197; 12:␣ 0001, 0536; 14:␣ 0654United States v. Clemenshire [Clemishire] et al.

1:␣ 0331–0950United States v. Ng On et al.

1:␣ 0956U.S.–China Treaty of Commerce andNavigation of 1880

merchants’ rights under 15:␣ 0340U Yin Ping

interpreter application 2:␣ 0001Visas

reports on Chinese applications 9:␣ 0828Voluntary departure

Chinese, from United States 11:␣ 0197–0938;12:␣ 0001–1078; 13:␣ 0001–0592; 14:␣ 0001–0654

procedure 1:␣ 0151Wallace A. McDonald

1:␣ 0069

Warrants of arrest casessee Arrests/apprehension

Washington (state)Seattle 2:␣ 0541, 0961; 3:␣ 0001–0336, 0581,

0751, 0986; 4:␣ 0705; 8:␣ 0717; 9:␣ 0847;10:␣ 0008, 0400, 0758; 11:␣ 0001–0938;12:␣ 0001–1078; 13:␣ 0001–0397; 14:␣ 0001–0654; 16:␣ 0001

smuggling of aliens between British Columbiaand 4:␣ 0532

Tacoma 2:␣ 0541, 0679, 0961; 3:␣ 0001–0452,0751

Weed, George S.testimony of 1:␣ 0744

West Indiestransshipment ports in 1:␣ 0001

White slave tradecases 8:␣ 0717

Wong Aloyinterpreter applicant 2:␣ 0001

Wong King1:␣ 0459

Woo Dip Yingimmorality investigation 14:␣ 0654

Work-study programsBureau of Immigration

opposition to 9:␣ 0431permission for 9:␣ 0632

general 9:␣ 0847World War I

labor organizations’ opposition to importationof Asian labor during 6:␣ 0001

Yen Hing1:␣ 0459

Yeung Shong Yuen1:␣ 1023

Ying, Lum J.Chinese interpreter 5:␣ 0539

Yokohama Maru2:␣ 0823; 3:␣ 0001, 0452, 0751

Yook Feeinvestigation case 6:␣ 0631

UNIVERSITY PUBLICATIONS OF AMERICA

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American Immigrant Autobiographies

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Papers of the U.S. Commission on Wartime Relocationand Internment of Civilians

Records of the American Council for Nationalities Service,1921–1971

Records of the Immigration and Naturalization Service,Series A: Subject Correspondence Files

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