Ex. No. : 1 To establish local area network and assigning IP addressesRefer record

Ex. No. : 2 Implementation of Error Detecting Codes-Completed-

Ex. No. : 3 Study of IP subnetRefer record

Ex. No. : 4 - Ethernet LAN protocolAim :

To Simulate an Ethernet LAN using 6 nodes.

Algorithm :

• Create a simulator object.• Define different colors for data flows (for NAM)• Open a nam trace file and define finish procedure then close the trace file, and execute nam on trace file.• Create six nodes that forms a network numbered from 0 to 5• Create duplex links between the nodes and add Orientation to the nodes for setting a LAN topology• Setup queue between n(2) and n(3) and monitor the queue• Set error model on link n(2) and n(3) and insert the error model• Setup TCP Connection between n(0) and n(4)• Apply FTP Application over TCP• Setup UDP Connection between n(1) and n(5)• Apply CBR Traffic over UDP• Schedule events and calculate Throughput (number of packets received/time taken for simulation)

Program :

#Create Simulatorset ns [new Simulator]

#Use colors to differentiate the traffic$ns color 1 Blue$ns color 2 Red

#Open trace and NAM trace fileset ntrace [open prog5.tr w]$ns trace-all $ntraceset namfile [open prog5.nam w]$ns namtrace-all $namfile

#Finish Procedureproc Finish {} {global ns ntrace namfile

#Dump all trace data and close the files$ns flush-traceclose $ntraceclose $namfile#Execute the nam animation fileexec nam prog5.nam &

#Calculate the throughput = (number of packets received/time taken for simulation)set TcpSize [exec grep "^r" prog5.tr | grep "tcp" | tail -n 1 | cut -d " " -f 6]set numTcp [exec grep "^r" prog5.tr | grep -c "tcp"]set tcpTime 123.0set UdpSize [exec grep "^r" prog5.tr | grep "cbr" | tail -n 1 | cut -d " " -f 6]set numUdp [exec grep "^r" prog5.tr | grep -c "cbr"]set udpTime 124.4puts "The throughput of FTP is"puts "[expr ($numTcp*$TcpSize)/$tcpTime] bytes per second"puts "The throughput of CBR is"puts "[expr ($numUdp*$UdpSize)/$udpTime] bytes per second"exit 0}#Create 6 nodesfor {set i 0} {$i < 6} {incr i} {set n($i) [$ns node]}#Create duplex links between the nodes$ns duplex-link $n(0) $n(2) 2Mb 10ms DropTail$ns duplex-link $n(1) $n(2) 2Mb 10ms DropTail$ns simplex-link $n(2) $n(3) 0.3Mb 100ms DropTail$ns simplex-link $n(3) $n(2) 0.3Mb 100ms DropTail#Node n(3), n(4) and n(5) are considered in a LANset lan [$ns newLan "$n(3) $n(4) $n(5)" 0.5Mb 40ms LL Queue/DropTail MAC/802_3 Channel]#Orientation to the nodes$ns duplex-link-op $n(0) $n(2) orient right-down$ns duplex-link-op $n(1) $n(2) orient right-up$ns simplex-link-op $n(2) $n(3) orient right

#Setup queue between n(2) and n(3) and monitor the queue$ns queue-limit $n(2) $n(3) 20$ns simplex-link-op $n(2) $n(3) queuePos 0.5

#Set error model on link n(2) and n(3) and insert the error modelset loss_module [new ErrorModel]$loss_module ranvar [new RandomVariable/Uniform]$loss_module drop-target [new Agent/Null]$ns lossmodel $loss_module $n(2) $n(3)

#Setup TCP Connection between n(0) and n(4)set tcp0 [new Agent/TCP/Newreno]$tcp0 set fid_ 1$tcp0 set window_ 8000$tcp0 set packetSize_ 552$ns attach-agent $n(0) $tcp0set sink0 [new Agent/TCPSink/DelAck]$ns attach-agent $n(4) $sink0$ns connect $tcp0 $sink0

#Apply FTP Application over TCPset ftp0 [new Application/FTP]$ftp0 set type_ FTP$ftp0 attach-agent $tcp0

#Setup UDP Connection between n(1) and n(5)set udp0 [new Agent/UDP]$udp0 set fid_ 2$ns attach-agent $n(1) $udp0set null0 [new Agent/Null]$ns attach-agent $n(5) $null0$ns connect $udp0 $null0

#Apply CBR Traffic over UDPset cbr0 [new Application/Traffic/CBR]$cbr0 set type_ CBR$cbr0 set packetSize_ 1000$cbr0 set rate_ 0.1Mb$cbr0 set random_ false$cbr0 attach-agent $udp0

#Schedule events$ns at 0.1 "$cbr0 start"$ns at 1.0 "$ftp0 start"$ns at 124.0 "$ftp0 stop"$ns at 124.5 "$cbr0 stop"$ns at 125.0 "Finish"#Run Simulation$ns runOutput:#ns prog5.tclThe throughput of FTP is72556.097560975613 bytes per secondThe throughput of CBR is37363.34405144694 bytes per second

Ex. No. : 5 - To create scenario and study the performance of CSMA/CD protocol simulationAim:

To study and simulate the CSMA/CD protocol.

Algorithm :

• Create a simulator object.• Define different colors for data flows (for NAM) and nodes • Label the nodes• Open a nam trace file and define finish procedure then close the trace file, and execute nam on trace file.• Create six nodes that forms a network numbered from 0 to 5• Create duplex links between the nodes and add Orientation to the nodes for setting a LAN topology• Setup TCP Connection between n(0) and n(2) , n(1) and n(2) , n(1) and n(0) , n(0) and n(1) and apply FTP Application over TCP• Schedule events to achieve CSMA/CD scenario

Program:#send packets one by one

set ns [new Simulator]$ns color 1 Greenforeach i " 0 1 2 3 4 5 " {set n$i [$ns node]}$n0 color "purple"$n1 color "purple"$n2 color "violet"$n3 color "violet"$n4 color "chocolate"$n5 color "chocolate"$n0 shape box ;$n1 shape box ;$n2 shape box ;$n3 shape box ;$n4 shape box ;$n5 shape box ;$ns at 0.0 "$n0 label SYS1"$ns at 0.0 "$n1 label SYS2"$ns at 0.0 "$n2 label SYS3"$ns at 0.0 "$n3 label SYS4"$ns at 0.0 "$n4 label SYS5"$ns at 0.0 "$n5 label SYS6"set nf [open csma.nam w]$ns namtrace-all $nfset f [open csma.tr w]$ns trace-all $f$ns duplex-link $n0 $n2 0.1Mb 20ms DropTail$ns duplex-link-op $n0 $n2 orient right-down$ns queue-limit $n0 $n2 5$ns duplex-link $n1 $n2 0.1Mb 20ms DropTail$ns duplex-link-op $n1 $n2 orient right-up$ns duplex-link $n2 $n3 0.1Mb 20ms DropTail$ns duplex-link-op $n2 $n3 orient right$ns duplex-link $n3 $n4 0.1Mb 20ms DropTail$ns duplex-link-op $n3 $n4 orient right-up$ns duplex-link $n3 $n5 0.1Mb 20ms DropTail$ns duplex-link-op $n3 $n5 orient right-downAgent/TCP set nam_tracevar_ trueset tcp [new Agent/TCP]$tcp set window_ 1$tcp set maxcwnd_ 1$tcp set fid_ 1$ns attach-agent $n0 $tcpset sink [new Agent/TCPSink]$ns attach-agent $n2 $sink$ns connect $tcp $sinkset ftp [new Application/FTP]$ftp attach-agent $tcpset tcp1 [new Agent/TCP]$tcp1 set window_ 1$tcp1 set maxcwnd_ 1$tcp1 set fid_ 1$ns attach-agent $n1 $tcp1

set sink1 [new Agent/TCPSink]$ns attach-agent $n2 $sink1$ns connect $tcp1 $sink1set ftp1 [new Application/FTP]$ftp1 attach-agent $tcp1set tcp2 [new Agent/TCP]$tcp2 set window_ 1$tcp2 set maxcwnd_ 1$tcp2 set fid_ 1$ns attach-agent $n1 $tcp2set sink2 [new Agent/TCPSink]$ns attach-agent $n0 $sink2$ns connect $tcp2 $sink2set ftp2 [new Application/FTP]$ftp2 attach-agent $tcp2set tcp3 [new Agent/TCP]$tcp3 set window_ 1$tcp3 set maxcwnd_ 1$tcp3 set fid_ 1$ns attach-agent $n0 $tcp3set sink3 [new Agent/TCPSink]$ns attach-agent $n1 $sink3$ns connect $tcp3 $sink3set ftp3 [new Application/FTP]$ftp3 attach-agent $tcp3$ns at 0.05 "$ftp start"$ns at 0.071 "$ns queue-limit $n2 $n0 0"$ns at 0.10 "$ns queue-limit $n2 $n0 5"$ns at 0.09 "$ns detach-agent $n0 $tcp ; $ns detach-agent $n2 $sink"$ns at 0.25 "finish"$ns at 0.05 "$ftp1 start"$ns at 0.072 "$ns queue-limit $n2 $n1 0"$ns at 0.10 "$ns queue-limit $n2 $n1 5"$ns at 0.09 "$ns detach-agent $n1 $tcp1 ; $ns detach-agent $n2 $sink1"$ns at 0.25 "finish"$ns at 0.10 "$ftp2 start"$ns at 0.13 "$ns detach-agent $n0 $tcp2 ; $ns detach-agent $n1 $sink2"$ns at 0.25 "finish"$ns at 0.12 "$ftp3 start"$ns at 0.14 "$ns detach-agent $n1 $tcp1 ; $ns detach-agent $n0 $sink3"$ns at 0.25 "finish"$ns at 0.0 "$ns trace-annotate \"CSMA/CA\""$ns at 0.05 "$ns trace-annotate \"FTP starts at 0.01\""$ns at 0.05 "$ns trace-annotate \"Send Packet_1 from SYS1 to SYS0 and Packet_2 from SYS0 to SYS1 \""$ns at 0.073 "$ns trace-annotate \"Collision Occurs so 2 Packets are lossed\""$ns at 0.10 "$ns trace-annotate \"Retransmit Packet_1 from SYS1 to SYS0 \""$ns at 0.12 "$ns trace-annotate \"Retransmit Packet_2 from SYS0 to SYS1 \""$ns at 0.20 "$ns trace-annotate \"FTP stops\""proc finish {} {global ns nf$ns flush-traceclose $nfputs "filtering..."

#exec tclsh ../bin/namfilter.tcl csma.nam#puts "running nam..."exec nam csma.nam &exit 0}$ns run

Ex. No. : 6A - Token bus protocol: To create scenario and study the performance of token bus through simulation

Aim :

To Study The Performance Of Token Bus Using Ns2 SimulationAlgorithm :

• Create a simulator object , set Bandwidth 0.5 MB and packet size 700• Define different colors for data flows (for NAM) • Create seven nodes that forms a network numbered from 0 to 6 and label the nodes for identifying sender and receiver• Open a nam trace file and define finish procedure then close the trace file, and execute nam on trace file.• Create duplex links between the nodes and add Orientation to the nodes for setting a LAN topology• Setup TCP Connection between some nodes and apply FTP Application over TCP• Setup UDP Connection between some other nodes and apply CBR Application over UDP• Schedule events to achieve Token bus scenario and view graph for the throughput calculated

Program:

set ns [new Simulator]set Bandwidth "0.5Mb"set packetsize 700set intval 0.004$ns color 1 magenta$ns color 2 seagreen$ns color 3 deepskyblue$ns color 4 brown$ns color 5 salmonforeach i "0 1 2 3 4 5 6" {set n$i [$ns node]}$n0 color "navy"$n1 color "salmon"$n2 color "seagreen"$n3 color "deepskyblue"$n4 color "steel blue"$n5 color "steel blue"

$n6 color "steel blue"$ns at 0.0 "$n0 label Sender"$ns at 0.0 "$n1 label Receiver1"$ns at 0.0 "$n2 label Receiver2"$ns at 0.0 "$n3 label Receiver3"set nf [open tokenbus.nam w]$ns namtrace-all $nfset f [open tokenbus.tr w]$ns trace-all $f$ns duplex-link $n0 $n5 $Bandwidth 30ms DropTail$ns duplex-link $n5 $n2 $Bandwidth 30ms DropTail$ns duplex-link $n4 $n1 $Bandwidth 30ms DropTail$ns duplex-link $n4 $n5 $Bandwidth 30ms DropTail$ns duplex-link $n5 $n6 $Bandwidth 30ms DropTail$ns duplex-link $n6 $n3 $Bandwidth 30ms DropTail$ns duplex-link-op $n0 $n5 orient down$ns duplex-link-op $n5 $n2 orient down$ns duplex-link-op $n4 $n1 orient down$ns duplex-link-op $n4 $n5 orient right$ns duplex-link-op $n5 $n6 orient right$ns duplex-link-op $n6 $n3 orient down$ns queue-limit $n4 $n5 10set tcp1 [new Agent/TCP]$ns attach-agent $n0 $tcp1$tcp1 set fid_ 1 ;set tcp2 [new Agent/TCP]$ns attach-agent $n1 $tcp2$tcp2 set fid_ 1 ;set tcp3 [new Agent/TCP]$ns attach-agent $n2 $tcp3$tcp3 set fid_ 1 ;set tcp4 [new Agent/TCP]$ns attach-agent $n3 $tcp4$tcp4 set fid_ 1 ;set tcp5 [new Agent/TCP]$ns attach-agent $n0 $tcp5$tcp5 set fid_ 1 ;set tcp6 [new Agent/TCP]$ns attach-agent $n1 $tcp6$tcp6 set fid_ 1 ;set tcp7 [new Agent/TCP]$ns attach-agent $n2 $tcp7$tcp7 set fid_ 1 ;set tcp8 [new Agent/TCP]$ns attach-agent $n3 $tcp8$tcp8 set fid_ 1 ;set tcp9 [new Agent/TCP]$ns attach-agent $n0 $tcp9$tcp9 set fid_ 1 ;set tcp10 [new Agent/TCP]$ns attach-agent $n1 $tcp10$tcp10 set fid_ 1 ;set tcp11 [new Agent/TCP]$ns attach-agent $n2 $tcp11

$tcp11 set fid_ 1 ;set tcp12 [new Agent/TCP]$ns attach-agent $n3 $tcp12$tcp12 set fid_ 1 ;set sink1 [new Agent/TCPSink]$ns attach-agent $n1 $sink1set sink2 [new Agent/TCPSink]$ns attach-agent $n2 $sink2set sink3 [new Agent/TCPSink]$ns attach-agent $n3 $sink3set sink4 [new Agent/TCPSink]$ns attach-agent $n0 $sink4set sink5 [new Agent/TCPSink]$ns attach-agent $n1 $sink5set sink6 [new Agent/TCPSink]$ns attach-agent $n2 $sink6set sink7 [new Agent/TCPSink]$ns attach-agent $n3 $sink7set sink8 [new Agent/TCPSink]$ns attach-agent $n0 $sink8set sink9 [new Agent/TCPSink]$ns attach-agent $n1 $sink9set sink10 [new Agent/TCPSink]$ns attach-agent $n2 $sink10set sink11 [new Agent/TCPSink]$ns attach-agent $n3 $sink11set sink12 [new Agent/TCPSink]$ns attach-agent $n0 $sink12$ns connect $tcp1 $sink1 $ns connect $tcp2 $sink2 $ns connect $tcp3 $sink3 $ns connect $tcp4 $sink4 $ns connect $tcp5 $sink5 $ns connect $tcp6 $sink6 $ns connect $tcp7 $sink7 $ns connect $tcp8 $sink8$ns connect $tcp9 $sink9 $ns connect $tcp10 $sink10 $ns connect $tcp11 $sink11 $ns connect $tcp12 $sink12set ftp1 [new Application/FTP]$ftp1 attach-agent $tcp1set ftp2 [new Application/FTP]$ftp2 attach-agent $tcp2set ftp3 [new Application/FTP]$ftp3 attach-agent $tcp3set ftp4 [new Application/FTP]$ftp4 attach-agent $tcp4set ftp5 [new Application/FTP]$ftp5 attach-agent $tcp5set ftp6 [new Application/FTP]$ftp6 attach-agent $tcp6set ftp7 [new Application/FTP]$ftp7 attach-agent $tcp7set ftp8 [new Application/FTP]$ftp8 attach-agent $tcp8set ftp9 [new Application/FTP]$ftp9 attach-agent $tcp9set ftp10 [new Application/FTP]$ftp10 attach-agent $tcp10set ftp11 [new Application/FTP]$ftp11 attach-agent $tcp11

set ftp12 [new Application/FTP]$ftp12 attach-agent $tcp12set udp0 [new Agent/UDP]$ns attach-agent $n1 $udp0$udp0 set fid_ 2 ;$tcp7 set fid_ 4 ;set cbr0 [new Application/Traffic/CBR]$cbr0 attach-agent $udp0set null0 [new Agent/Null]$ns attach-agent $n3 $null0$ns connect $udp0 $null0$cbr0 set packetSize_ $packetsize$cbr0 set interval_ $intvalset udp1 [new Agent/UDP]$ns attach-agent $n3 $udp1$udp1 set fid_ 2 ;$tcp8 set fid_ 4 ;set cbr1 [new Application/Traffic/CBR]$cbr1 attach-agent $udp1set null1 [new Agent/Null]$ns attach-agent $n0 $null1$ns connect $udp1 $null1$cbr1 set packetSize_ $packetsize$cbr1 set interval_ $intvalset udp2 [new Agent/UDP]$ns attach-agent $n3 $udp2$udp2 set fid_ 3 ;$tcp12 set fid_ 4;set cbr2 [new Application/Traffic/CBR]$cbr2 attach-agent $udp2set null2 [new Agent/Null]$ns attach-agent $n0 $null2$ns connect $udp2 $null2$cbr2 set packetSize_ $packetsize$cbr2 set interval_ $intval$ns at 0.05 "$ftp1 start"$ns at 0.13 "$ns detach-agent $n0 $tcp1;$ns detach-agent $n1 $sink1"$ns at 3.0 "finish"$ns at 0.14 "$ftp2 start"$ns at 0.20 "$ns detach-agent $n1 $tcp2;$ns detach-agent $n2 $sink2"$ns at 3.0 "finish"$ns at 0.23 "$ftp3 start"$ns at 0.30 "$ns detach-agent $n2 $tcp3;$ns detach-agent $n3 $sink3"$ns at 3.0 "finish"$ns at 0.33 "$ftp4 start"$ns at 0.40 "$ns detach-agent $n3 $tcp4;$ns detach-agent $n0 $sink4"$ns at 3.0 "finish"$ns at 0.42 "$ftp5 start"$ns at 0.50 "$ns detach-agent $n0 $tcp5;$ns detach-agent $n1 $sink5"$ns at 3.0 "finish"$ns at 0.51 "$ftp6 start"$ns at 0.60 "$ns detach-agent $n1 $tcp6;$ns detach-agent $n2 $sink6"$ns at 3.0 "finish"$ns at 0.62 "$ftp7 start"

$ns at 0.69 "$ns detach-agent $n2 $tcp7;$ns detach-agent $n3 $sink7"$ns at 3.0 "finish"$ns at 0.725 "$ftp8 start"$ns at 0.78 "$ns detach-agent $n3 $tcp8;$ns detach-agent $n0 $sink8"$ns at 3.0 "finish"$ns at 0.83 "$ftp9 start"$ns at 0.90 "$ns detach-agent $n0 $tcp9;$ns detach-agent $n1 $sink9"$ns at 3.0 "finish"$ns at 0.93 "$ftp10 start"$ns at 1.0 "$ns detach-agent $n1 $tcp10;$ns detach-agent $n2 $sink10"$ns at 3.0 "finish"$ns at 1.03 "$ftp11 start"$ns at 1.1 "$ns detach-agent $n2 $tcp11;$ns detach-agent $n3 $sink11"$ns at 3.0 "finish"$ns at 1.13 "$ftp12 start"$ns at 1.2 "$ns detach-agent $n3 $tcp12;$ns detach-agent $n0 $sink12"$ns at 3.0 "finish"$ns at 0.621 "$cbr0 start"$ns at 0.69 "$cbr0 stop"$ns at 0.726 "$cbr1 start"$ns at 0.78 "$cbr1 stop"$ns at 1.131 "$cbr2 start"$ns at 1.2 "$cbr2 stop"proc finish {} {global ns nf$ns flush-traceclose $nfexec awk {{if(($1=="-" && $5=="tcp") || ($1=="-" && $5=="cbr")) {print $2 "\t" $11}}} tokenbus.tr > throughput.dataputs "filtering..."exec nam tokenbus.nam &exec xgraph throughput.data &exit 0}$ns run

Ex. No. : 6B - Token ring protocolAim:

To study and simulate the TOKEN RING protocol.

Algorithm :

• Create a simulator object , set Bandwidth 1 MB and packet size 700• Define different colors for data flows (for NAM) • Create seven nodes that forms a network numbered from 0 to 6 and label the nodes for identifying sender and receiver• Open a nam trace file and define finish procedure then close the trace file, and

execute nam on trace file.• Create duplex links between the nodes and add Orientation to the nodes for setting a LAN topology• Setup TCP Connection between some nodes and apply FTP Application over TCP• Setup UDP Connection between some other nodes and apply CBR Application over UDP• Schedule events to achieve Token ring scenario and view graph for the throughput calculated

Program :set ns [new Simulator]set Bandwidth "1Mb"set paketsize 700set intval 0.004set nf [open out.nam w]$ns namtrace-all $nfset f [open out.tr w]$ns trace-all $fset old_data 0proc finish {} {global ns nf$ns flush-traceclose $nfexec awk {{if($1=="-"&& $5=="cbr") {print $2"\t"$11}}} out.tr > throughput.dataexec nam out.nam &exec xgraph throughput.data &exit 0}for {set i 0} {$i < 6} {incr i} {set n($i) [$ns node]}$ns color 1 purple$ns color 2 green$ns color 3 darkgreenfor {set i 0} {$i < 6} {incr i} {$ns duplex-link $n($i) $n([expr ($i+1)%6]) $Bandwidth 10ms DropTail}set tcp1 [new Agent/TCP]$ns attach-agent $n(0) $tcp1$tcp1 set fid_ 1 ;set sink1 [new Agent/TCPSink]$ns attach-agent $n(3) $sink1$ns connect $tcp1 $sink1set ftp1 [new Application/FTP]$ftp1 attach-agent $tcp1set tcp2 [new Agent/TCP]$ns attach-agent $n(3) $tcp2

$tcp2 set fid_ 1 ;set sink2 [new Agent/TCPSink]$ns attach-agent $n(5) $sink2$ns connect $tcp2 $sink2set ftp2 [new Application/FTP]$ftp2 attach-agent $tcp2set tcp3 [new Agent/TCP]$ns attach-agent $n(5) $tcp3$tcp3 set fid_ 1 ;set sink3 [new Agent/TCPSink]$ns attach-agent $n(2) $sink3$ns connect $tcp3 $sink3set ftp3 [new Application/FTP]$ftp3 attach-agent $tcp3set tcp4 [new Agent/TCP]$ns attach-agent $n(2) $tcp4$tcp4 set fid_ 1 ;set sink4 [new Agent/TCPSink]$ns attach-agent $n(4) $sink4$ns connect $tcp4 $sink4set ftp4 [new Application/FTP]$ftp4 attach-agent $tcp4set tcp5 [new Agent/TCP]$ns attach-agent $n(4) $tcp5$tcp5 set fid_ 1 ;set sink5 [new Agent/TCPSink]$ns attach-agent $n(0) $sink5$ns connect $tcp5 $sink5set ftp5 [new Application/FTP]$ftp5 attach-agent $tcp5set udp0 [new Agent/UDP]$ns attach-agent $n(5) $udp0$udp0 set fid_ 3 ;$tcp3 set fid_ 2 ;set cbr0 [new Application/Traffic/CBR]$cbr0 set interval_ $intval$cbr0 attach-agent $udp0set null0 [new Agent/Null]$ns attach-agent $n(2) $null0$ns connect $udp0 $null0$ns at 0.1 "$ftp1 start"$ns at 0.125 "$ns detach-agent $n(0) $tcp1; $ns detach-agent $n(3) $sink1"$ns at 1.0 "finish"$ns at 0.131 "$ftp2 start"$ns at 0.14 "$ns detach-agent $n(3) $tcp2; $ns detach-agent $n(5) $sink2"$ns at 1.0 "finish"$ns at 0.157 "$ftp3 start"$ns at 0.185 "$ns detach-agent $n(5) $tcp3; $ns detach-agent $n(2) $sink3"$ns at 1.0 "finish"$ns at 0.19 "$ftp4 start"$ns at 0.21 "$ns detach-agent $n(2) $tcp4; $ns detach-agent $n(4) $sink4"$ns at 1.0 "finish"$ns at 0.211 "$ftp5 start"$ns at 0.22 "$ns detach-agent $n(4) $tcp5; $ns detach-agent $n(0) $sink5"

$ns at 1.0 "finish"$ns at 0.157 "$cbr0 start"#$ns rtmodel-at 1.0 down $n(1) $n(2)#$ns rtmodel-at 2.0 up $n(1) $n(2)$ns at 0.185 "$cbr0 stop"$ns at 1.0 "finish"$ns run

Ex. No. : 7 - Wireless LAN protocolsAim :

To study a 3-node example for ad-hoc simulation with DSDVAlgorithm :• Define node options • Create a simulator object• Create seven nodes that forms a network numbered from 0 to 6 and label the nodes for identifying sender and receiver• Open a nam trace file and define finish procedure then close the trace file, and execute nam on trace file.• set up topography object• Create 3 mobilenodes ,attach them to the channel and configure the nodes• Provide initial location of mobilenodes and set up the options for movement of nodes .• Set a TCP connection between node_(0) and node_(1)• Print the window size • Define node initial position in nam, define the node size for nam• Tell nodes about the simulation ending time• End nam and the simulationProgram :# Define optionsset val(chan) Channel/WirelessChannel ;# channel typeset val(prop) Propagation/TwoRayGround ;# radio-propagation modelset val(netif) Phy/WirelessPhy ;# network interface typeset val(mac) Mac/802_11 ;# MAC typeset val(ifq) Queue/DropTail/PriQueue ;# interface queue typeset val(ll) LL ;# link layer typeset val(ant) Antenna/OmniAntenna ;# antenna modelset val(ifqlen) 50 ;# max packet in ifqset val(nn) 3 ;# number of mobilenodesset val(rp) DSDV ;# routing protocolset val(x) 500 ;# X dimension of topographyset val(y) 400 ;# Y dimension of topographyset val(stop) 150 ;# time of simulation endset ns [new Simulator]set tracefd [open simple11.tr w]set windowVsTime2 [open win11.tr w]set namtrace [open simwrls1.nam w]$ns trace-all $tracefd

$ns namtrace-all-wireless $namtrace $val(x) $val(y)# set up topography objectset topo [new Topography]$topo load_flatgrid $val(x) $val(y)create-god $val(nn)# Create nn mobilenodes [$val(nn)] and attach them to the channel.# configure the nodes$ns node-config -adhocRouting $val(rp) \-llType $val(ll) \-macType $val(mac) \-ifqType $val(ifq) \-ifqLen $val(ifqlen) \-antType $val(ant) \-propType $val(prop) \-phyType $val(netif) \-channelType $val(chan) \-topoInstance $topo \-agentTrace ON \-routerTrace ON \-macTrace OFF \-movementTrace ONfor {set i 0} {$i < $val(nn) } { incr i } {set node_($i) [$ns node]}# Provide initial location of mobilenodes$node_(0) set X_ 5.0$node_(0) set Y_ 5.0$node_(0) set Z_ 0.0$node_(1) set X_ 490.0$node_(1) set Y_ 285.0$node_(1) set Z_ 0.$node_(2) set X_ 150.0$node_(2) set Y_ 240.0$node_(2) set Z_ 0.0# Generation of movements$ns at 10.0 "$node_(0) setdest 250.0 250.0 3.0"$ns at 15.0 "$node_(1) setdest 45.0 285.0 5.0"$ns at 110.0 "$node_(0) setdest 480.0 300.0 5.0"# Set a TCP connection between node_(0) and node_(1)set tcp [new Agent/TCP/Newreno]$tcp set class_ 2set sink [new Agent/TCPSink]$ns attach-agent $node_(0) $tcp$ns attach-agent $node_(1) $sink$ns connect $tcp $sinkset ftp [new Application/FTP]$ftp attach-agent $tcp$ns at 10.0 "$ftp start"# Printing the window sizeproc plotWindow {tcpSource file} {global nsset time 0.01set now [$ns now]set cwnd [$tcpSource set cwnd_]

puts $file "$now $cwnd"$ns at [expr $now+$time] "plotWindow $tcpSource $file" }$ns at 10.1 "plotWindow $tcp $windowVsTime2"# Define node initial position in namfor {set i 0} {$i < $val(nn)} { incr i } {# 30 defines the node size for nam$ns initial_node_pos $node_($i) 30}# Telling nodes when the simulation endsfor {set i 0} {$i < $val(nn) } { incr i } {$ns at $val(stop) "$node_($i) reset";}# ending nam and the simulation$ns at $val(stop) "$ns nam-end-wireless $val(stop)"$ns at $val(stop) "stop"$ns at 150.01 "puts \"end simulation\" ; $ns halt"proc stop {} {global ns tracefd namtrace$ns flush-traceclose $tracefdclose $namtrace}$ns run

Ex. No. : 8 - Implementation and study of stop and wait protocolAim : To implement and study stop and wait protocol in normal situationAlgorithm : • Create a simulator object • Create two nodes that forms a network numbered from 0 to 1 and label the nodes for identifying sender and receiver• Open a nam trace file and define finish procedure then close the trace file, and execute nam on trace file.• Create duplex links between the nodes and add Orientation to the nodes for setting a LAN topology• Setup TCP Connection between nodes and apply FTP Application over TCP• Schedule events to achieve stop and wait scenario

Program :# stop and wait protocol in normal situation # features : labeling, annotation, nam-graph, and window size monitoring set ns [new Simulator] set n0 [$ns node] set n1 [$ns node] $ns at 0.0 "$n0 label Sender" $ns at 0.0 "$n1 label Receiver" set nf [open A1-stop-n-wait.nam w] $ns namtrace-all $nf set f [open A1-stop-n-wait.tr w] $ns trace-all $f $ns duplex-link $n0 $n1 0.2Mb 200ms DropTail $ns duplex-link-op $n0 $n1 orient right $ns queue-limit $n0 $n1 10 Agent/TCP set nam_tracevar_ true

set tcp [new Agent/TCP] $tcp set window_ 1 $tcp set maxcwnd_ 1 $ns attach-agent $n0 $tcp set sink [new Agent/TCPSink] $ns attach-agent $n1 $sink $ns connect $tcp $sink set ftp [new Application/FTP] $ftp attach-agent $tcp $ns add-agent-trace $tcp tcp $ns monitor-agent-trace $tcp $tcp tracevar cwnd_ $ns at 0.1 "$ftp start" $ns at 3.0 "$ns detach-agent $n0 $tcp ; $ns detach-agent $n1 $sink" $ns at 3.5 "finish" $ns at 0.0 "$ns trace-annotate \"Stop and Wait with normal operation\"" $ns at 0.05 "$ns trace-annotate \"FTP starts at 0.1\"" $ns at 0.11 "$ns trace-annotate \"Send Packet_0\"" $ns at 0.35 "$ns trace-annotate \"Receive Ack_0\"" $ns at 0.56 "$ns trace-annotate \"Send Packet_1\"" $ns at 0.79 "$ns trace-annotate \"Receive Ack_1\"" $ns at 0.99 "$ns trace-annotate \"Send Packet_2\"" $ns at 1.23 "$ns trace-annotate \"Receive Ack_2  \"" $ns at 1.43 "$ns trace-annotate \"Send Packet_3\"" $ns at 1.67 "$ns trace-annotate \"Receive Ack_3\"" $ns at 1.88 "$ns trace-annotate \"Send Packet_4\"" $ns at 2.11 "$ns trace-annotate \"Receive Ack_4\"" $ns at 2.32 "$ns trace-annotate \"Send Packet_5\"" $ns at 2.55 "$ns trace-annotate \"Receive Ack_5    \"" $ns at 2.75 "$ns trace-annotate \"Send Packet_6\"" $ns at 2.99 "$ns trace-annotate \"Receive Ack_6\"" $ns at 3.1 "$ns trace-annotate \"FTP stops\"" proc finish {} {  global ns nf  $ns flush-trace  close $nf  puts "filtering..."  exec tclsh ../ns-allinone-2.1b5/nam-1.0a7/bin/namfilter.tcl A1-stop-n-wait.nam         puts "running nam..."         exec nam A1-stop-n-wait.nam &  exit 0 } $ns run  

Ex. No. : 8b - Implementation and study of stop and wait protocol with packet lossAim :

To implement and study stop and wait protocol with packet lossAlgorithm : • Create a simulator object • Create two nodes that forms a network numbered from 0 to 1 and label the nodes for identifying sender and receiver

• Open a nam trace file and define finish procedure then close the trace file, and execute nam on trace file.• Create duplex links between the nodes and add Orientation to the nodes for setting a LAN topology• Setup TCP Connection between nodes and apply FTP Application over TCP• Schedule events to achieve stop and wait scenario

Program:# features : labeling, annotation, nam-graph, and window size monitoring

set ns [new Simulator]

set n0 [$ns node]set n1 [$ns node]

$ns at 0.0 "$n0 label Sender"$ns at 0.0 "$n1 label Receiver"

set nf [open out.nam w]$ns namtrace-all $nfset f [open out.tr w]$ns trace-all $f

$ns duplex-link $n0 $n1 0.2Mb 200ms DropTail$ns duplex-link-op $n0 $n1 orient right$ns duplex-link-op $n0 $n1 queuePos 0.5$ns queue-limit $n0 $n1 10

Agent/TCP set nam_tracevar_ true

set tcp [new Agent/TCP]$tcp set window_ 2$tcp set maxcwnd_ 1$ns attach-agent $n0 $tcp

set sink [new Agent/TCPSink]$ns attach-agent $n1 $sink

$ns connect $tcp $sink

set ftp [new Application/FTP]$ftp attach-agent $tcp

$ns add-agent-trace $tcp tcp$ns monitor-agent-trace $tcp$tcp tracevar cwnd_

$ns at 0.1 "$ftp start"$ns at 1.3 "$ns queue-limit $n0 $n1 0"$ns at 1.5 "$ns queue-limit $n0 $n1 10"$ns at 3.0 "$ns detach-agent $n0 $tcp ; $ns detach-agent $n1 $sink" $ns at 3.5 "finish"

$ns at 0.0 "$ns trace-annotate \"Stop and Wait with Packet Loss\""

$ns at 0.05 "$ns trace-annotate \"FTP starts at 0.1\""$ns at 0.11 "$ns trace-annotate \"Send Packet_0\""$ns at 0.35 "$ns trace-annotate \"Receive Ack_0\""$ns at 0.56 "$ns trace-annotate \"Send Packet_1\""$ns at 0.79 "$ns trace-annotate \"Receive Ack_1\""$ns at 0.99 "$ns trace-annotate \"Send Packet_2\""$ns at 1.23 "$ns trace-annotate \"Receive Ack_2 \""

$ns at 1.43 "$ns trace-annotate \"Lost Packet_3\""$ns at 1.5 "$ns trace-annotate \"Waiting for Ack_3\""$ns at 2.43 "$ns trace-annotate \"Send Packet_3 again (cause of timeout)\""$ns at 2.67 "$ns trace-annotate \"Receive Ack_3\""$ns at 2.88 "$ns trace-annotate \"Send Packet_4\""$ns at 3.1 "$ns trace-annotate \"FTP stops\""

proc finish {} {global ns nf$ns flush-traceclose $nf

puts "filtering..."exec tclsh namfilter.tcl out.nam

puts "running nam..." exec nam out.nam &

exit 0}

$ns run

Ex. No. : 9 - Implementation and study of Sliding window protocolAim : To implement and study sliding window protocol Algorithm : • Create a simulator object • Create two nodes that forms a network numbered from 0 to 1 and label the nodes for identifying sender and receiver• Open a nam trace file and define finish procedure then close the trace file, and execute nam on trace file.• Create duplex links between the nodes and add Orientation to the nodes for setting a LAN topology• Setup TCP Connection between nodes and apply FTP Application over TCP• Add the queue limits for the nodes• Schedule events to achieve sliding window protocol scenario

Program :

# sliding window mechanism with some features# such as labeling, annotation, nam-graph, and window size monitoring

set ns [new Simulator]

set n0 [$ns node]set n1 [$ns node]

$ns at 0.0 "$n0 label Sender"$ns at 0.0 "$n1 label Receiver"

set nf [open out.nam w]$ns namtrace-all $nfset f [open out.tr w]$ns trace-all $f

$ns duplex-link $n0 $n1 0.2Mb 200ms DropTail$ns duplex-link-op $n0 $n1 orient right$ns queue-limit $n0 $n1 10

Agent/TCP set nam_tracevar_ true

set tcp [new Agent/TCP]$tcp set windowInit_ 4$tcp set maxcwnd_ 4

$ns attach-agent $n0 $tcp

set sink [new Agent/TCPSink]$ns attach-agent $n1 $sink

$ns connect $tcp $sink

set ftp [new Application/FTP]$ftp attach-agent $tcp

$ns add-agent-trace $tcp tcp$ns monitor-agent-trace $tcp$tcp tracevar cwnd_

$ns at 0.1 "$ftp start"$ns at 3.0 "$ns detach-agent $n0 $tcp ; $ns detach-agent $n1 $sink"$ns at 3.5 "finish"

$ns at 0.0 "$ns trace-annotate \"Sliding Window with window size 4 (normal operation)\""

$ns at 0.05 "$ns trace-annotate \"FTP starts at 0.1\""

$ns at 0.56 "$ns trace-annotate \"Send Packet_0,1,2,3\""$ns at 0.79 "$ns trace-annotate \"Receive Ack_0,1,2,3\"" $ns at 0.99 "$ns trace-annotate \"Send Packet_4,5,6,7\""$ns at 1.23 "$ns trace-annotate \"Receive Ack_4,5,6,7\""$ns at 1.43 "$ns trace-annotate \"Send Packet_8,9,10,11\""$ns at 1.67 "$ns trace-annotate \"Receive Ack_8,9,10,11 \""

$ns at 1.88 "$ns trace-annotate \"Send Packet_12,13,14,15\""$ns at 2.11 "$ns trace-annotate \"Receive Ack_12,13,14,15\""$ns at 2.32 "$ns trace-annotate \"Send Packet_16,17,18,19\""$ns at 2.56 "$ns trace-annotate \"Receive Ack_16,17,18,19\""$ns at 2.76 "$ns trace-annotate \"Send Packet_20,21,22,23\""$ns at 3.00 "$ns trace-annotate \"Receive Ack_23\""

$ns at 3.1 "$ns trace-annotate \"FTP stops\""

proc finish {} { global ns $ns flush-trace

# puts "filtering..." exec tclsh namfilter.tcl out.nam puts "running nam..." exec nam out.nam &

exit 0}

$ns run

Ex. No. : 10 - Implementation of distance vector routing algorithmAim : To implement and study distance vector routing algorithm Algorithm : • Create a simulator object and specify the simulator to use dynamic routing or Link state routing• Open a nam trace file and define finish procedure then close the trace file, and execute nam on trace file.• Create seven nodes that forms a network numbered from 0 to 6• Create duplex links between the nodes and add Orientation to the nodes for setting a LAN topology• Setup UDP Connection between nodes 0 and 3 and apply CBR Application over UDP• Label the nodes 0 and 3 as Source and destination• Schedule route model and events to achieve distance vector routing algorithm

Program :#distvect.tclset ns [new Simulator]#Tell the simulator to use dynamic routing$ns rtproto DV#Open the nam trace fileset nf [open out.nam w]$ns namtrace-all $nf#Define finish procedureproc finish {} { global ns nf $ns flush-trace

#Close the trace file close $nf #Execute nam on the trace file exec nam –a out.nam & exit 0}#Create seven nodesfor {set i 0} {$i < 7} {incr i} { set n($i) [$ns node]}#Create links between the nodesfor {set i 0} {$i < 7} {incr i} {$ns duplex-link $n($i) $n([expr ($i+1)%7]) 1Mb 10ms DropTail}#Create a UDP agent and attach it to node n(0)set udp0 [new Agent/UDP]$ns attach-agent $n(0) $udp0#Create a CBR traffic source and attach it to udp0set cbr0 [new Application/Traffic/CBR]$cbr0 set packetSize_ 500$cbr0 set interval_ 0.005$cbr0 attach-agent $udp0set null0 [new Agent/Null]$ns attach-agent $n(3) $null0$ns connect $udp0 $null0$ns at 0.0 "$n(0) label Source"$ns at 0.0 "$n(3) label Destination"$ns at 0.5 "$cbr0 start"$ns rtmodel-at 1.0 down $n(1) $n(2)$ns rtmodel-at 2.0 up $n(1) $n(2)$ns at 4.5 "$cbr0 stop"$ns at 5.0 "finish"$ns run

Ex. No. : 11 - Implementation of Link state routing algorithmAim : To implement and study Link state routing algorithm Algorithm : • Create a simulator object and specify the simulator to use Link state routing• Open a nam trace file and define finish procedure then close the trace file, and execute nam on trace file.• Create seven nodes that forms a network numbered from 0 to 6• Create duplex links between the nodes and add Orientation to the nodes for setting a LAN topology• Setup UDP Connection between nodes 0 and 3 and apply CBR Application over UDP• Label the nodes 0 and 3 as Source and destination• Schedule route model and events to achieve Link state routing algorithm

#linkstate.tclset ns [new Simulator]#Tell the simulator to use dynamic routing$ns rtproto LS

#Open the nam trace fileset nf [open out.nam w]$ns namtrace-all $nf#Define finish procedureproc finish {} { global ns nf $ns flush-trace #Close the trace file close $nf #Execute nam on the trace file exec nam –a out.nam & exit 0}#Create seven nodesfor {set i 0} {$i < 7} {incr i} { set n($i) [$ns node]}#Create links between the nodesfor {set i 0} {$i < 7} {incr i} {$ns duplex-link $n($i) $n([expr ($i+1)%7]) 1Mb 10ms DropTail}#Create a UDP agent and attach it to node n(0)set udp0 [new Agent/UDP]$ns attach-agent $n(0) $udp0#Create a CBR traffic source and attach it to udp0set cbr0 [new Application/Traffic/CBR]$cbr0 set packetSize_ 500$cbr0 set interval_ 0.005$cbr0 attach-agent $udp0set null0 [new Agent/Null]$ns attach-agent $n(3) $null0$ns connect $udp0 $null0$ns at 0.0 "$n(0) label Source"$ns at 0.0 "$n(3) label Destination"$ns at 0.5 "$cbr0 start"$ns rtmodel-at 1.0 down $n(1) $n(2)$ns rtmodel-at 2.0 up $n(1) $n(2)$ns at 4.5 "$cbr0 stop"$ns at 5.0 "finish"$ns run

Ex. No. : 12 - Implementation of Data encryption and decryption

-- Completed --