recopilatorio info sobre collares dañinos para perros

8/13/2019 recopilatorio info sobre collares dainos para perros

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Sobre els efectes fsics:

L'article de Karen Overall (adjunt)

Animal Behavior resources Institute: http://abrionline.or/article.php!id"#$%

(t'enan&o aui la part on esmenta els collars)

Punishmentmaycausephysical harmwhenadministeredat high intensity:Many punishments can cause

physical harm to the animal. Choke chains can damage the trachea, especially in the many dogs

with collapsing tracheas or hypoplastic tracheas. They can also occasionally cause Horners

syndrome (damage to the nerve to the eye). Some dogs, especially brachycephalic breeds, have

developed sudden life-threatening pulmonary edema, possibly due to the sudden upper airway

obstruction leading to a rapid swing in intrathoracic pressure. And dogs prone to glaucoma may be

more susceptible to the disorder since pressure by collars around the neck can increase intraocular

pressure.

Regardlessof the strength,punishmentcan causesomeindividualsto becomeextremelyfearful, and this fear

can generalizeto other contexts:Some punishments may not cause physical harm and may not seem

severe, but they can cause the animal to become fearful, and this fear may generalize to other

contexts. For instance, some dogs on which the citronella or electronic collar are used with a

preceding tone may react fearfully to alarm clocks, smoke detectors, or egg timers.

L'estudi de Anders allren sobre problemes d'esuena: http://.andershallren.se/en/boo*s.php

Al respecte t'adjunto tamb+ l'article de l',mma on resumei& una mica el ue diu el llibre. -i vols te'l

puc dei&ar marcant les pines on posa la inormaci0 ue ens interessa1 o si preerei&es puc mirar

d'escanejar2ho i t'ho envio.

-obre els eectes del csti:

http://.randin.com/elare/ear.pain.stress.html

3ompartir+ amb tu la carpeta on tenim tot el material recollit per si t 'ho vols mirar.

4'adjunto tamb+ una ordenan5a del 3onsell ederal su6s1 on prohibei& l'us d'auests collars1 he marcat amb

''osorito'' la part on els esmenta (pp.%7)

,spero ue et puui servir d'ajut auesta inormaci01 i si necessites res m+s no dei&is de dir2m'ho.

8rcies per tot i una abra5ada1

http://blo.smartanimaltrainin.com/%9#/9$/#/ne2indins2on2shoc*2collars2h;2the2u*2ants2to2ban2them/

New findings on shock collars: why the UK wants to ban them

In the do orld1 e subjects are as controversial as the debate on shoc* collars (electronic or e2collars).Advocates or their use claim that such devices don


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e&pect hen the do notices the stimulation. Onl; three hoever arn about the level set too hih i the dovocaliHes. All o them also arn about potential s*in irritation and pressure necrosis i improperl; itted. Ae also discourae the use o the collar on aressive dos and suest the help o a proessional trainer(harsh punishment can increase aression in dos).

4he manuals provide inormation about usin the shoc* collars or basic obedience trainin but also aboutdealin ith behavior issues. an; provide suestions to alternative strateies irst. 4o assess the riht levelo stimulation1 some suest atchin or behavior chanes such as attention redirection1 hile others suestloo*in or outard sins o discomort and conusion. ,ven more concernin is the absence o e&planationas to hen to use short over continuous stimulation or ho to use the tone or vibration modes. an; alsoemphasiHe the application and use o neative reinorcement1 hich can lead to proloned electricalstimulation until the do perorms the desired behavior. Overall1 most collars seem to lac* suicientinormation or the basic users.

-urve;s rom users also shoed that F o dos vocaliHed hen the collars ere irst used and that thelevels o stimulation applied ere not necessaril; those suested b; the manual. ,ven more concernin isthat %F o the dos ere reported to still vocaliHe on subseuent use1 indicatin that the levels ere *ept

hiher than recommended. -ome oners even reported that the; started at the hihest level then eitheradjusted don or just *ept usin the collar at the hihest level. an; simpl; didn


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used b; proessional and e&perienced trainers1 the researchers conclude that usin shoc* collars did haveneative conseuences on some dos durin trainin.

?inall;1 this stud; also pointed to the act that usin shoc* collars alon ith treats did not ma*e a dierencein the eicac; o the trainin over usin treats alone. 4his as true even or livestoc* chasin protocols1

hich is one o the most common reasons or usin such devices.

sin shoc* collars on dos ma; be eective in trainin or treatin certain problematic behaviors. But i theireicac; is not better than reard based trainin alone and presents ph;sical and emotional ris*s to some dos1their use altoether becomes hihl; uestionable. 4he results rom these studies point out1 that at the ver;least1 such devices do indeed have elare implication on the dos and should not be available to the public atlare. 4heir ease o use and immediate eicienc; over more time2consumin reard based protocols ma*ethem ver; attractive to the user. nortunatel;1 the; ma; orce the do into behavin a certain a; but the; donot address the underl;in reason or the problem in the irst place. Inducin ear and discomort also has the

potential to cause urther behavior issues. Other methods are just as eicient1 do not increase the chances oproblematic behaviors to develop1 promote a desire to respond and enhance the relationship beteen humansand their dos. ?or all those reasons1 man; animal elare oraniHations1 includin the Kennel 3lub are no

pushin or the ban o shoc* collars in the K.

Nennier 3attet Mh.>.

http://.altale&.com/inde&.php!idnot"FG$D7

el te&te intere dels collars a italia3ommenta -tampa -enala

ietato l'utiliHHo del collare anti2abbaio3assaHione penale 1 seH. III1 sentenHa #$.9D.%9# nP C9G (-imone arani)

L'utiliHHo del collare anti2abbaio costituisce la condiHione di detenHione di animali in condiHioniincompatibili con la loro natura1 nonch+ di maltrattamento di animali. ,' uanto emere dalla sentenHa #$settembre %9#1 n. C9G della 4erHa -eHione Menale della 3assaHione.-econdo li ermellini1il collare elettronico certamente incompatibile con la natura del cane, fondandosisulla produzione di scosse o altri impulsi elettrici che, tramite un comando a distanza, si trasmettono

allanimale pro!ocando reazioni !arie.4rattasi1 inatti1 Qdi un addestramento basato esclusivamente sul dolore, lieve o forte che sia, e che incide

sull'integrit psicofisica del cane poich la somministrazione di scariche elettriche per condizionarne i

riflessi ed indurlo tramite stimoli dolorosi ai comportamenti desiderati produce effetti collaterali quali paura,

ansia, depressione ed anche aggressivitQ.3ome precisato sempre dalla 4erHa -eHione Menale della 3assaHione1 nella sentenHa #7 aprile %99$1 n. #79F#1l


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n border collie lo prueba ; deja bastante clara su opini0n al respecto.

-e trata de unainiciativa de -onja eibur1 una educadora canina en alemaniapara concienciar a los dueTosde perro1 para ue intercambiaran el collar de castio por cursos de educaci0n canina.

3uando lo public0 en aceboo*1 seUn cuenta1 tuvo una enorme aceptaci0n ; ahora la iniciativa ha sidorecoida por otros centros en Austria1 -uiHa1 ,slovenia1 Lu&emburo...

>e hecho1 los collares de castigo son ilegales en Suiza y en #ustria1 pero no en Alemania (ni en ,spaTa). Vlos impulsores de esta interesante iniciativa estSn recoiendo irmas para intentar ue cambie la le; ermanaal respecto.

,n 8alestambi$n es ilegal el uso de los collares el$ctricos(shoc* collars)1 otro dispositivo ue no es ilealen ,spaTa.

M>: ,l vRdeo lo hemos encontrado en el muro de Naime idal Q-antiQ1el conocidoeducador canino enpositivo1; absolutamente contrario al uso de este tipo de collares. %od$is conocer su opini&n al respecto en

este otro artculo 'ue escribi& para Sr%erro(

Q@ecientemente he leido aluien ue deendRa el uso del collar de castio. -eUn esta persona1 era el Qmalllamado collar de pinchos o de castio1 ;a ue ni era de pinchos1 ni era para castiarQ. W3omo ue malllamado! WAcaso no son pinchos ue duelen1 el perro deja de tirar porue se le clavan! Westo no es un castio!WAcaso el perro no deja de tirar por dolor o malestar! O mejor ue le llamemos collar para premiar1 o collar demasaje aradable en el cuello... MO@ ?AO@1 llamemos a las cosas por su nombreX AUn uerran hacer creerue es aradable o no pasa nada por llevar este collarXQ

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#ffiliated

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"arkertrainin

g*%etition

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Notice

Welcome friend!
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Nice to see, that you're interested in our movement Trade Your Dog's Prong Collar forTraining.

Sonja Meiurg, o!ner of the Dog School "olledau !as the #erson !ho's idea it !as to start

a movement to trade training for o!ners' #rong collars, cho$e collar and all sorts of shoc$collars. This idea gre! out of her schools summer festival. The idea caught fire !hen she#osted the idea as #art of this very festival on her %aceoo$ calendar. &n the meantime, thismovement has ta$en on international dimensions.

Sonja did not e#ect the enormous initial res#onse to this announcement and is gratefulthat Tina M(ller )%reundschaft"und * +emeinsam durchs een, Trainings-entrum und"undeverhaltens#rais, remen, +ermany/ too$ over the entire res#onsiilities of dealing!ith the Press as !ell as creating the first !esite for the movement. Sonja and Carmen

Trautmann )"undetraining "unterunt, 0egerg, +ermany/ ta$e care of organisingaffiliated dog training schools as !ell as loo$ing after the aforementioned %aceoo$ #age1Tausche Stachelhalsand gegen Training1. "ei$e "illerand )hillerand hilft hundehaltern,

Moile "undeschule 2 3erhaltens#rais, +ermany/ is in charge of creating the majority ofthe tets needed for the movement.

Since it's ince#tion, over 455 dog training schools have align themselves !ith thismovement, not only in +ermany ut also in 6ustria, uemurg, S!it-erland and Slovenia.

6nd ecause of this immediate and s#ontaneous res#onse, Tina decided to regenerate thealready once failed attem#t at a #etition to cause legislative action to forid #rong collars in+ermany, having this clause at long last inserted into the eisting animal cruelty la!s. Tinaand "ei$e are therefore !or$ing #arallel to the initial movement to raise the necessary45,555 !ithin three !ee$s of #ulici-ing the on*line #etition. &f this is successful, the goalcan then e #resented to the #olitical ody res#onsile for further action on such #ulic#etitions.

%or further information aout this very #etition, #lease clic$ onto the menu #oint Petition.You'll find there the actual tet of the #etition as !ell as ans!ers to #rocedural 7uestions.

&f !e are to to get rid of #rong collars from our dogs' nec$s, from our stores, from internetsho#s, training estalishments and from our street, !e need Y89: hel#.

.he "o!ement .rade your dogs prong collar for training is supported by:

2 4A--O e.v. (ab Metitionsbeinn)

2 B (Berusverband der undeerHieher/innen und erhaltensberater/innen e..)

2 Bd (Berusverband der undeps;choloen)

2 Ibh (Internationaler Berusverband der undetrainer)

2 I82undeschulen (Interessenemeinschat unabhYnier undeschulen e..)

2 4iertael >eutschland
http://www.tasso.net/http://www.bhv-net.de/http://www.berufsverband-hundepsychologen.com/http://www.ibh-hundeschulen.de/http://www.ig-hundeschulen.de/http://www.tiertafel.de/http://www.tasso.net/http://www.bhv-net.de/http://www.berufsverband-hundepsychologen.com/http://www.ibh-hundeschulen.de/http://www.ig-hundeschulen.de/http://www.tiertafel.de/


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2 ealtreies undetrainin

2 undelobb; olledau

2 areno (ab Metitionsbeinn)

2 bvt Berusachverband Zr 4ierheilpra*ti*er1 4ierph;siotherapeuten und 4ierverhaltenstherapeuten

2 do-pot unde23ommunit;

+ollars which deli!er an electric shock for up to /0 seconds can harm dogs and dont beat traditional

training

Kennel Club calls for controversial electric collars to be bannedimmediately

Government research finds 'e-collars' no more effective than rewards

The collars emit 30-second shocks and are used by 00000 owners

B; -tuart =olede

%U1-2S)34:9C:G9 841 %7 Nul; %9# [ U%4#.34:9C:7 841 %7 Nul; %9#

"3 shares

7F

iecomments
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Ban: 4he 'e2collar'1 avoured b; celebrities includin oll;ood actress Nessica Biel1 are no more eectivethan traditional orms o do trainin

3ollars that ive dos electric shoc*s should be outlaed immediatel; ater 8overnment research concludedthe; ere no better or trainin dos than traditional methods o reard.

4hat is the vie o the Kennel 3lub in response to to reports commissioned b; the >epartment or,nvironment1 ?ood and @ural Aairs (>era)1 hich ound the; could actuall; cause harm to people's petsrather than chane their behaviour.

4he devices1 used b; oll;ood do hisperer 3esar illan and actress Nessica Biel1 have alread; beenbanned in =ales and pressure is no mountin on ministers to e&tend this to the rest o the K.

4he Kennel 3lub is campainin hard or action on the rounds the 'e2collars' are cruel and harmul and has

ritten to ministers callin or action.

4he controversial collars can deliver a shoc* lastin as lon as 9 seconds. p to 7991999 British oners aresaid to use them.

Kennel 3lub secretar; 3aroline Kis*o arued the reports1 hich cost 7G919991 proved the devices hurt dosand ere less eicient than manuacturers claimed.

-he said: '4here is no den;in the results o these to surve;s.

'Action needs to be ta*en no to prevent urther harm bein done to the K's dos.


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#ore$$$

Cure for cat allergies '!ill e availale !ithin 4 years' after scientists !or$ out!hat triggers a reaction

"ouse$ee#er, 4;, fights for life after #ac$ of o =hisperer 3esar illan uses electric shoc* collars to help train nelected canines1 althouh theKennel 3lub believes the; are harmul
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8ood bo;: 4raditional reards or* just as ell as the punishment meted out b; electric shoc*s >O84@AII8 -3OOL-

In the irst o the to studies1 scientists at the niversities o Bristol and Lincoln1 and the ?ood and,nvironment @esearch Aenc;1 concluded the use o e\collars 'can lead to a neative impact on elare atleast in a proportionate (number) o animals trained usin this techniue'.

It ound that man; oners used the devices ithout adherin to the instructions.


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3ruel: ,lectric collars1 such as these pictured here1 can emit shoc*s lastin 9 seconds

4he second ollo\up stud; as conducted b; the Lincoln team in conjunction ith the ,lectronic 3ollaranuacturers Association (,3A).

It shoed that the devices ere no more eective than other methods o trainin1 such as ivin reards ordos ho have problems chasin other animals1 a common reason iven or usin shoc* collars.

But ,3A denied that the collars caused pain1 althouh spo*esoman Anela 3ritchle; admitted >eraoicials had been in contact ith its members since the publication o the reports.

-he told the 4eleraph: '>era has approached ,3A to ensure that its members' products continue to bemanuactured to set standards and to urther educate users on ho to operate the trainin productsresponsibl;.'

',3A members have sined up to a robust code o practice here all products meet the latest technicalreuirements and provide user uides ith consistent instructions to improve the ualit; o lives o dos hile

protectin animal elare.'

A spo*esman or >era said its research shoed the collars 'cause no lon\term harm to do elare henmanuactured to a hih standard and used appropriatel;' but that those usin the devices 'to inlict unnecessar;suerin ma; be prosecuted under animal elare las'.

:ead more> htt#>??!!!.dailymail.co.u$?ne!s?article*;@AA4;A?an*electric*shoc$*

collars*hurt*dogs*re#orts*claim.htmlBi--;lC$8h%ollo! us> EMail8nline on T!itterF DailyMail on %aceoo$
http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2377527/Ban-electric-shock-collars-hurt-dogs-reports-claim.html#ixzz2lCBk6OKhhttp://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2377527/Ban-electric-shock-collars-hurt-dogs-reports-claim.html#ixzz2lCBk6OKhhttp://ec.tynt.com/b/rw?id=bBOTTqvd0r3Pooab7jrHcU&u=MailOnlinehttp://ec.tynt.com/b/rf?id=bBOTTqvd0r3Pooab7jrHcU&u=DailyMailhttp://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2377527/Ban-electric-shock-collars-hurt-dogs-reports-claim.html#ixzz2lCBk6OKhhttp://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2377527/Ban-electric-shock-collars-hurt-dogs-reports-claim.html#ixzz2lCBk6OKhhttp://ec.tynt.com/b/rw?id=bBOTTqvd0r3Pooab7jrHcU&u=MailOnlinehttp://ec.tynt.com/b/rf?id=bBOTTqvd0r3Pooab7jrHcU&u=DailyMail


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htt#>??!!!.couriermail.com.au?ne!s?7ueensland?dog*lovers*call*for*an*on*cruel*

torture*collars*used*y*raaf*and*others?story*efreoof*??$.rs#ca.org.au?&s*the*use*of*electronic*dog*collars*legalJ;AH.html

2s the use of electronic dog collars legal5

6rticle &D> ;AH

ast u#dated> 5;

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name of relevant acts)ecial conditions and

re*uirements

6CT No 6nimal 0elfare 6ct

NS0 No Section


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and that is not less than


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start of #age

.#2N2N8 468S 2.) )3-% 67 .)3 S)6+K +6--#: S)6. #N4 -6N8 .3"

13)#


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6 com#arison et!een the ehaviour during free !al$ing !ith that during oedience

eercises and man!or$, sho!ed that during training more stress signals !ere sho!n

and ear #ositions !ere lo!er. The conclusions, therefore are, that eing trained is

stressful, that receiving shoc$s is a #ainful e#erience to dogs, and that the S*dogs

evidently have learned that the #resence of their o!ner )or his commands/ announces

rece#tion of shoc$s, even outside of the normal training contet. This suggests that the!elfare of these shoc$ed dogs is at sta$e, at least in the #resence of their o!ner.

Conclusions and recommendations

0e concluded that shoc$s received during training are not only un#leasant ut also

#ainful and frightening. %urthermore, !e found that shoc$ed dogs are more stressful on

the training grounds than controls, ut also in a #ar$. This im#lies, that !henever the

handler is around, the dog seems to e#ect an aversive event to occur. 6 second

un!anted association might e that the dogs have learned to associate a s#ecific

command !ith getting a shoc$. 6#art from the acute #ain and fear, these e#ectations

may influence the dogs !ell eing in the long term in a negative !ay. To countermisuse of the shoc$ collar, it is #ro#osed to an its use for Qs#ortsR, ut save it for

thera#eutic a##lications, such as for su##ressing hunting and $illing shee#. The effects

!e found occurred in s#ite of the fact that control dogs also under!ent fairly harsh

training regimes. Trainers and handlers should study learning theory far etter and

revie! the structure of the training in order to teach the let go command in an earlier

#hase and to reduce the numer of mista$es. They should incor#orate more re!ards

during eercises. 6lso, less tem#eramental and less forceful dogs should e red. This

also !ould decrease the chance that dogs ma$e mista$es for !hich they could receive

#unishment.

Clic$ here for full article.

start of #age

=+#N #883SS26N 2N 468S 13 3-2+2.34 .)6U8) .)3 US3 67 3-3+.6N2+ %3.

+6N.#2N"3N. S9S.3"S5=

6uthorsDr. :ichard Pols$y, Ph.D. in animal ehaviour.=ournal=ournal of 6##lied 6nimal

0elfare Science ;555 3ol. @ No. ##. @4*@4A

6stract%ive cases are descried that involve severe attac$s on humans y dogs !ho !ere

eing trained or maintained on an electronic #et containment system. The system is

designed to oundary train a dog through the use of electric shoc$ in an esca#e*

avoidance conditioning #aradigm. Data !ere collected from legal documents filed in

#ersonal injury la!suits. 6nalysis of the findings sho! that all dogs lac$ed a mar$ed

history of aggressive res#onding, all !ere adult males, and most !ere re#roductively

intact. 6ll attac$s ha##ened near the oundary of the #ro#erty. &n every case, the

system !as o#erational at the time of attac$. Moreover, in most cases, the dog

received shoc$. %indings lend themselves to #ossile inter#retation in terms of

unconditioned aggression as a result of a dog having received electronic shoc$ and
http://eldri.ust.is/media/ljosmyndir/dyralif/Trainingdogswithshockcollar.pdfhttp://www.banshockcollars.ca/studies.phphttp://www.cabdirect.org/abstracts/20013027964.html;jsessionid=5521FA76213BACDD84E9A21B9F5B54B5http://www.cabdirect.org/abstracts/20013027964.html;jsessionid=5521FA76213BACDD84E9A21B9F5B54B5http://eldri.ust.is/media/ljosmyndir/dyralif/Trainingdogswithshockcollar.pdfhttp://www.banshockcollars.ca/studies.phphttp://www.cabdirect.org/abstracts/20013027964.html;jsessionid=5521FA76213BACDD84E9A21B9F5B54B5http://www.cabdirect.org/abstracts/20013027964.html;jsessionid=5521FA76213BACDD84E9A21B9F5B54B5


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avoidance*motivated aggression mediated through fear reduction to!ard human

stimuli. %or full commentary and study clic$ Klectronic Pet Containment Systems

start of #age

.)3 US3 67 S)6+K +6--#S #N4 .)32 2"%#+. 6N .)3 3-7#3 67 468S(

6 revie! of the current literature Dr Kmily lac$!ell Sc PhD CC6 and Dr :achel

Casey 3MS PhD Di#KC3M*C6 Di#)6S/C6C CC6 M:C3SDe#artment of Clinical

3eterinary Science 9niversity of ristol ;55

ecer#t

There is little dout that high intensity electrical stimulation causes a #hysiological

stress res#onse in dogs )Schal$e, ;554/. 6##lication of initial high intensity shoc$s has

also een found to elicit ehavioural res#onses associated !ith fear and distress in the

dog, including yel#ing, struggling, iting, free-ing, !ithdra!al, hiding, running to the

o!ner, co!ering, tremling, defecation and urination )Tortora,


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8ne of the most alarming findings !ere that as many as H


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do!n dogs, stri$ing them or intimidating them !ith #hysical mani#ulation does little to

correct im#ro#er ehavior and can elicit aggressive res#onses.1

The team from the School of 3eterinary Medicine at Penn suggest that #rimary*care

veterinarians advise o!ners of the ris$s associated !ith such training methods and

#rovide guidance and resources for safe management of ehavior #rolems. "erron,%rances S. Shofer and &lana :. :eisner, veterinarians !ith the De#artment of Clinical

Studies at Penn 3et, #roduced a @5*item survey for dog o!ners !ho made ehavioral

service a##ointments at Penn 3et. &n the 7uestionnaire, dog o!ners !ere as$ed ho!

they had #reviously treated aggressive ehavior, !hether there !as a #ositive,

negative or neutral effect on the dogs' ehavior and !hether aggressive res#onses

resulted from the method they used. 8!ners !ere also as$ed !here they learned of

the training techni7ue they em#loyed.

8f the


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=468 .#2N2N8 "3.)64S: .)32 US3, 3773+.2


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regression model !as used to com#are factors et!een categories of training method.

8!ner re#orted success for use !as com#ared using chi*s7uared analysis.

Conclusions

&n conclusion, a fairly lo! #ro#ortion of o!ners select to use electronic training devices.

%or a #o#ulation matched y reason for training method use, characteristics of dogs,including occurrence of undesired ehaviours do not a##ear to distinguish et!een

training methods. :ather, o!ner gender and attendance at training classes a##ear

more im#ortant, although e#laining a relatively small amount of variance et!een

grou#s. More o!ners using re!ard ased methods for recall ? chasing re#ort a

successful outcome of training than those using e*collars.

%ull Study here.

start of #age

S3 @6UN#- 67


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1ta#1 )no information on ho! such data !ere ac7uired or validated/ only generates a

reaction so sutle that a dog might only loo$ at you or flic$ his ear )+olderg, online/,

!hy are !e not using a clic$er or a voice to get that res#onse[ &f the 1stimulus1 is just

to get attention )Courtney, ;554 , ;55, online "assen, n.d./, this ecomes all aout

timing and getting the dog's attention. Do !e really need an electric collar or shoc$ to

do that[ &f so, !e have li$ely overridden many of the dog's normal res#onses. &n suchcases the ovious conclusion is that these dogs !ould have res#onded and !ill res#ond

to clear signaling and humane training designed to #rovide them !ith a clear,

contetual set of instructions....%or %ull Kditorial

start of #age

)#. #3 .)3 2"%-2+#.26NS 67 US2N8 .#2N2N8 .3+)N2?U3S )2+) 2N4U+3 73#

6 %#2N 2N 468S5

rticle from Welfare in .o, Trainin,

&f a dog sho!s a ehaviour !hich results in a #erceived #ositive outcome, he or she is

more li$ely to sho! the ehaviour again on suse7uent occasions \ this is $no!n as

reinforcement. &f a ehaviour results in a #erceived negative outcome, the dog is less

li$ely to sho! the ehaviour again \ this is #unishment. Sim#listically, in order to

change a ehaviour, one could either #unish an undesired ehaviour or reinforce the

desired one.

]Punishment tends to e an emotive !ord, ut scientifically this just means a reduced

chance of a ehaviour occurring again. "ence, de#ending on the characteristics and

e#erience of the animal, and the choices of the trainer, a ]#unisher could vary from a

mild ]no to a very aversive stimulus such as a tightened #rong collar around a dogsnec$. Punishment has een used in animal training since animals have lived in close

#roimity !ith #eo#le. "o!ever, just ecause training techni7ues ased on the

induction of fear or #ain have een used for a long time, does not necessarily mean

that they are the est o#tion in terms of efficacy or animal !elfare. &n fact, training a

dog using such techni7ues carries numer of ris$s.

These are>

&ncreasing the dogs fear or aniety aout the situation in !hich it is used Decrease the dogs aility to learn

6ssociate other, coincidental events !ith a fear #rovo$ing event

&nhiit ehaviour, ut leave the underlying emotional res#onse unchangedincreasing the chance of future #rolems

&nduce an ne! avoidance, or aggressive res#onse

Cause confusion as to !hich ehaviour is re7uired

Cause #hysical injury

effective res#onse &n addition, since training techni7ues are !idely used that do notre7uire the use of severe #unishment, there is no need to use techni7ues !hich im#act
http://k9behavioralgenetics.net/resources/Articles/Why%20electric%20shock%20is%20not%20behavior%20modification.pdfhttp://www.banshockcollars.ca/studies.phphttp://www.dogwelfarecampaign.org/index.phphttp://k9behavioralgenetics.net/resources/Articles/Why%20electric%20shock%20is%20not%20behavior%20modification.pdfhttp://www.banshockcollars.ca/studies.phphttp://www.dogwelfarecampaign.org/index.php


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#ractice, anything else #resent !hen the #unishment is used may serve as a

discriminative stimulus for the #unishment )Pols$y, they dont associate this

!ith !here they are #eeing, ut instead !ith the #resence of the o!ner, so sim#ly find

a #lace to #ee a!ay from the o!ner rather than learning to go outside. &n addition

ina##ro#riate levels of #unishment may result in an intense fear and avoidance of the

location e.g. the ac$ garden.

8f course unintended associations, due to #oor trainer timing, or the chance

association !ith another, random, stimulus, occurs as fre7uently !ith re!ard ased

training as it does !ith #unishment techni7ues. %or eam#le, if an o!ner recalls their

dog, ut ta$es a !hile getting the toy out of their #oc$et !hen he or she returns, they

may end u# thro!ing the toy !hen the dog ha##ens to e turning in a circle, resulting

in a dog that comes ac$ and then turns a circle for its re!ard. "o!ever, the long term

conse7uences of these ]re!ard mista$es is much less serious than !hen #unishers are

associated !ith unintended stimuli. 6voidance res#onse to things that are #erceived as

aversive are li$ely to e long lasting and resistant to change com#ared to those

occurring as a result of #ositive reinforcement )rush,


24/55


25/55

Conclusions

6ccurately determining the underlying motivation for a ehaviour re7uires s#ecialist

e#ertise, as does assessing the ris$ that an aversive e#erience might actually

increase the severity of a #rolem ehaviour or induce ne! ones. ecause of the

serious ris$s of using #unishment ased techni7ues, even !hen a##lied ]accurately,

most #rofessional ehavioural clinicians very rarely advocate the use of any

#unishment ased training techni7ues in the modification of dog ehaviour. 6s o!ners,

trainers or clinical ehaviourists, !e all share a res#onsiility to the !elfare our dogs to

use the least aversive methods availale to us to change our dogs ehaviour !ithout

the need for #ain or fear.

eferences8

rammeier et al. );55/ +ood trainers> "o! to identify one and !hy this is im#ortant to

your #ractice of veterinary medicine. =ournal of 3eterinary ehavior,


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Solomon :. ., amin, .=. and 0ynne . C. ) The

outcomes of several etinction #rocedures !ith dogs. =ournal of 6normal and Social

Psychology G );/, ;H


27/55

side1 but unortunatel; e didn't ma*e this stu up. It is the dar* side here man; animals live. =e are justtr;in to reduce their suerin.

O= -O3K 3OLLA@- A@, -,>.3lic* here

Q4, 4@,A4 O? MAI I- N-4 A- 3AMABL, O? I>3I8 -4@,--1 ?,A@ A> ,O4IOAL>AA8, A- 4, MAI I4-,L?Q

Althouh there are man; oraniHations usin terms and names that impl; the; are dedicated to the ell beino animals1 the; are in act1 simpl; mone;ma*in ventures. 4here ill also be those individuals ho useanimal elare oraniHations simpl; as a a; o ainin emplo;ment or a means to pad their resumes. It isdiicult to eed out those individuals and oraniHations rom those ho are sincere1 enuine and conruent intheir ords and actions. It is ater all the reason e need animal elare roups in the irst place1 to protectanimals rom people. Our belie is that the policies presented here come rom esteemed oraniHations andindividuals ho are couraeous enouh to spea* out. 3ollectivel; the; represent hundreds o ;ears oe&perience and *nolede in the course o their service to the elare o animals throuhout the orld. 4his

is not about our dierences this is about our commonalities. nited e could be a movement that can ma*ereat chane. =e e&tend a deep than* ;ou to ever;one ho has contributed.

READ WHAT WORLD RESPECTED ORGANIZATIONS PS!CHOLOGISTS AND

SCIENCE SA! A"O#T THE #SE O$ SHOC% DE&ICES ON ANI'ALS(((

...^there is never an; reason or a pet to be shoc*ed_...

...ê condemn their use_...

...îneective method o teachin_...

...înhumane_...

...^dos live in ear o bein electrocuted or normal behaviors_...

...ê are adamantl; opposed_...

...ît is ron_...

...^shoc* collars have no place in a civilised societ;_...

3lic* here to read theMOLI3I,-
http://www.banshockcollars.ca/shockcollaruse.phphttp://www.banshockcollars.ca/policies.phphttp://www.banshockcollars.ca/policies.phphttp://www.banshockcollars.ca/shockcollaruse.phphttp://www.banshockcollars.ca/policies.php


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4he Kennel 3lub K1 the oldest reconiHed *ennel club in the orld1 believes shoc* collars have no place in aciviliHed societ;. 4he; do not endorse the use o remote shoc* collars1 shoc* leashes1 anti2bar* collars1electric ences or mats. 4he Kennel 3lub as instrumental in the =elsh overnment's recent ban o shoc*collars and is dilientl; campainin or a similar ban in the K. I ;ou have relatives and riends in the K1

please as* them to et involved and support 4he Kennel 3lub's admirable eorts in this reard.

3lic* here to read more about 4, K,,L 3LB'- ,L,34@I3 -O3K 3OLLA@ 3AMAI8

Di))erential dia*nosis and mana*ement o) +uman,directed a**ression in

do*s(

Ilana @ @eisner1 >1 Mh>

4he author states1 ^Aversive tools such as electric stimulation (shoc*)1 pron1 or trainin (cho*e) collars thatreuire pullin and jer*in to or*1 hittin and scoldin can increase an&iet; and thereore increase the ris* o

bitin` in addition1 the; are li*el; to lead to treatment ailure_ ull article here

4o read more -tudies and their conclusive anal;sis that the conseuences o shoc* use causes bothps;choloical and ph;sical pain and suerin... clic* on -4>I,-

Correct #sa*e )or All E Trainin* Collars

S+oc- Collars,t+e #*l. Trut+

b; alerie Barr;1 Mroessional >o 4rainer1 3anada

I ;ou are considerin usin such a damain piece o euipment li*e a shoc* collar1 doesn


29/55

this be or la enorcement and animal elare roups or*in tirelessl; to stop animal abuse! Alictedanimals have no escape. 4he; must rel; on us to relieve their suerin. 4hose causin their pain are rel;inon us to do nothin. Let??!!!.youtue.com?!atch[vZT6=C=;e5

Kennedy Stewart %resenting a %etition on Shock +ollars

ill Siksay presents ban shock collar petition to %arliament( "arch BC march B0CC

-ibby %resenting a %etition to 1an Shock +ollars -ibby presents a petition from concerned citizens

asking for the ban of shock collars( @une D, B0CC(

htt#>??!!!.youtue.com?!atch[vZ07JT5Do*Tg

4he term shock collaris a term used in order to describe a amil; o trainincollars (also called e>

collars,3collars,remote training collars,Eap collars,or electronic collars) that deliver electricalshoc*so var;in intensit; and duration to the nec* o a do (the; can also be applied to other placeson the do's bod;) via a radio controlled electronic device incorporated into a do collar. -ome collarmodels also include a tone or vibrational settin1 as an alternative to or in conjunction ith theshoc*. Others include interation ith Internet mappin capabilities and 8M- to locate the do oralert an oner o its hereabouts.

Oriinall; used in the late #DF9s to train huntin dos1 earl; collars ere ver; hih poered. an;modern versions are capable o deliverin ver; lo levels o shoc*. -hoc* collars are no readil;available and have been used in a rane o applications1 includin behavioral modiication1obedience trainin1 and pet containment1 as ell as militar;1 police and service trainin. =hile

similar s;stems are available or other animals1 the most common are the collars desined ordomestic dos.

4he use o shoc* collars is controversial and scientiic evidence or their saet; and eicac; ismi&ed. A e countries have enacted bans or controls on their use. -ome animal elareoraniHations arn aainst their use or activel; support a ban on their use or sale. -ome antrestrictions placed on their sale. -ome proessional do trainers and their oraniHations oppose theiruse and some support them. -upport or their use or calls or bans rom the eneral public is mi&ed.

Contents

< Ty#es of deviceso


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o .; Christiansen et al study );55


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and have a beep or vibration option useul or ettin the do>s available and ebsites that iveQstep2b;2stepQ instructions or proper use that can also be olloed.

-hoc* collars ma; be used in conjunction ithpositive reinorcementand / or utiliHin otherprinciples o operant conditionin1 dependin on the trainer's methods either as a orm opositivepunishment1 here the shoc* is applied at the moment an undesired behavior occurs1 in order toreduce the reuenc; o that behavior` or as a orm oneative reinorcement1 here a continuousstimulation is applied until the moment a desired behavior occurs1 in order to increase the reuenc;o that behavior.

-ome trainers use a lo level o shoc* as a mar*er and pair it ith a reard1 ma*in the collar aconditioned reinorcer1 similar toclic*er trainin. -ome shoc* collars include vibration or tone2onl;settins1 hich can be used as a Qneutral stimulusQ or most dos. A special application e&ists or the

positive reinorcement and mar*er trainin o dea dos. 4his happens hen the trainin is to Qpairthe mild shoc* produced b; the collar ith ood and other reards. As a conseuence1 the shoc* canthen be used to reinorce desirable behaviors conditionall; in much the same manner as appl;inother common conditioned reinorcers (e.. Q8oodQ).Q #

$rame o) re)erence

QAt lo levels1 the term shoc* is hardl; ittin to describe the eects produced b; electronic trainincollars1 since there is virtuall; no eect be;ond a pulsin tinlin or tic*lin sensation on the suraceo the s*in ... the ord shoc* is loaded ith biased connotations1 imaes o convulsive spasms and

burns1 and implications associated ith e&treme ph;sical pain1 emotional trauma1 ph;sioloicalcollapse1 and laborator; abuses ... the stimulus or sinal enerated b; most modern devices is hihl;controlled and presented to produce a speciic set o behavioral and motivational responses to it.Q %

-ome trainers ho use shoc* collars ill compare the sensation the; deliver to the Qstatic shoc*Q thatpeople sometimes et hen reachin or a door *nob or car door. 4his is not to impl; that shoc*collars emit static electricit; but rather to ive the potential user an idea o hat a shoc* collar eelsli*e. It's oten startlin1 sometimes painul1 but has never been shon to cause ph;sical injur;.

3omparin the eects o shoc* collars ith other electrical stimulation products1 >r. >ieter Kleinhas stated that1 Qodern devices ... are in a rane in hich normall; no oranic damae is bein

inlicted. 4he electric properties and perormances o the modern lo current remote stimulationdevices ... are comparable to the electric stimulation devices used in human medicine. Oranicdamae1 as a direct impact o the applied current1 can be e&cluded._ -hoc* o this nature carrieslittle ener; (on the order o millijoules1 # millijoule " 9.99#joule). QAt 9.D#G joules the electricmuscle stimulation and contractions a human receives rom an 'abdominal eneriHer' itness productis e&ponentiall; stroner more than #1$%G times stroner than the impulse a do receives rom a

pet containment collar set at its hihest level.Q.G

6 1remote trainer1 set on a lo! level emits 5.555554 joules )4 microjoules/. 6 1ar$ collar1 set on a high level emits 5.555@ joules )@55 microjoules/.

6 1muscle stimulation machine1 set on a 1normal level1 emits ;.5 joules.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shock_collar#CITEREFPolsky2000http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Positive_reinforcementhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operant_conditioninghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punishment_(psychology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punishment_(psychology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reinforcement_(psychology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reinforcement_(psychology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clicker_traininghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clicker_traininghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shock_collar#cite_note-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shock_collar#cite_note-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shock_collar#cite_note-3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shock_collar#cite_note-3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joulehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shock_collar#cite_note-Radio_Systems_White_Paper_2007-4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shock_collar#CITEREFPolsky2000http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Positive_reinforcementhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operant_conditioninghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punishment_(psychology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punishment_(psychology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reinforcement_(psychology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clicker_traininghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shock_collar#cite_note-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shock_collar#cite_note-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shock_collar#cite_note-3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joulehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shock_collar#cite_note-Radio_Systems_White_Paper_2007-4


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Set on a 1high level1 it emits .5 joules.

6n electric fence energi-er ^a 1charged fence1 \ not a #et containment system_emits @.; joules.

6 modern defirillatorcan emit u# to @5 joules.^4_

Tec+nical considerations

,lectric shoc* can be characterised in terms o voltae1 current1 aveorm1 reuenc; (o aveorm)1pulse rate and duration. Althouh voltae1 current and duration o shoc* can be used to calculate theamount o ener; applied (in Noules)1 these are not indicators o the intensit; o the stimulus or hoit ma; be perceived b; the recipient. -tatic electric shoc*s that are e&perienced in dail; lie are o theorder o #91999 volts1 and ;et are not painul or ph;sicall; damain because the; are o ver; locurrent. odern shoc* collars can be set so that the current the; ive o is onl; mildl;uncomortable. o shoc* collar on the mar*et toda; is limited to deliver shoc*s o such lo

intensit;. 4he lac* o such limits is because variable settins are essential1 so that the shoc* collarcan be adjusted to the level that the do reuires1 and adjusted as situations chane. 4he shoc*1 andthe animal's perception o it1 can be aected b; a number o actors.

Individual variations in temperament1 pain sensitivit; and susceptibilit; to startle o dos1 means thatshoc* settins must be careull; adjusted to produce a shoc* that is perceived b; the do as aversiveenouh to stop the do enain in the unanted behaviour. 4he sinle most important actor is theanimal's level o arousal durin trainin. ormall; salient stimuli1 such as noises1 commands andeven shoc*s1 ma; have no eect on a do that is hihl; aroused and ocused on an activit; such ashuntin.

In order to deliver consistent shoc*s1 ood contact must be made beteen the collar electrodes andthe do's s*in (the collar must be itted accordin to the manuacturer's instructions). Local humidit;and individual variation in coat densit;1 s*in thic*ness and surace conductivit;1 ill also aect thedeliver; o the shoc*.

4he aveorm1 its reuenc;1 the pulse rate1 amperae1 voltae and impedance are importantdeterminants o li*el; response. Qan; ecollars appear to shit intensit; levels b; alterin the pulseduration or repetition rate hile *eepin the output current and voltae relativel; constant1dependin on the electrodes*in load.Q (Lindsa; %9971 p. 7$).

-hoc* collars are sometimes reerred to as deliverin a Qstatic shoc*Q` hoever1 static electricit; isdirect currentand carries little ener; (order o millijoules). -hoc* collars ma*e use o alternatincurrent. It is thereore inappropriate to reer to shoc* collars as deliverin a static shoc*.

o reulations e&ist speci;in the perormance characteristics or reliabilit; o these devices1 sothere is considerable variation in shoc* level and aveorm characteristics beteen manuacturers1and perhaps even beteen batches o collars rom a sinle manuacturer. 4he lac* o reulation orstandards1 and the act that some o the saet; eatures o shoc* collars are patented b; speciicmanuacturers1Fmeans that the saet; and operational characteristics o individual products cannot

be veriied.

Over # ;ears ao1 in the -A1 the 3enter or eterinar; edicine(3)1 a branch o the .-.?ood and >ru Administration(?>A)1 QconcurredQ in reulator; action aainst a manuacturer o a
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bar* collar1 statin Q3omplaints received1 hich ere later corroborated b; our on testin1 includedsevere burns in the collar area and possible personalit; adjustment injuries to the dos. 4he shoc*inmechanism as ound to be activated not onl; b; bar*in but b; vehicle horns1 slammin doors oran; other loud noise. 3 concurred in reulator; action aainst the device since it as deemed to

be danerous to the health o the animal.Q $oever1 toda;'s ualit; bar* collars are activated onl;

b; the bar*in o the do that is earin the collar and no research stud; has shon an; ph;sicalinjuries rom the current produced b; an; o these devices.

Scienti)ic studies

Christiansen et al study 9:00;aespite

reuentl; initiated chases and attac*s1 e shoc*s ere delivered. 4his as because e dosapproached closer than #\% m1 and the intention as to deter pro&imit; to sheep rather than toassociate huntin behaviour ith an aversive shoc*1 hich ould impair uture huntin behaviour inother conte&ts.

Christiansen et al study 9:00;bos thathad previousl; been shoc*ed in ;ear # shoed a siniicant increased in latenc; to approach a persondurin the path test (p9.99#)1 even thouh this as not a condition under hich shoc*s had beendelivered. Oners reported behavioral dierences beteen ;ear # and % in %G o the dos. #C o the%G dos had shon no interest in sheep durin that period1 even thouh the; had been interested inthem durin the irst ;ear tests. oever1 onl; one o those dos had received shoc*s1 so the chanein behaviour could not be attributed to the use o the shoc* collar. =hen comparin oners< reportsor the to ;ears1 the dos shoed a ea*er inclination or chasin sheep and other pre; than

previousl; (p 9:99#)1 but this variable as not aected b; shoc* e&perience. >os that had shoninterest in sheep in ;ear # shoed a persistent interest in ;ear %. o dos chased or attac*ed sheep astheir irst response1 hile hal o them did so the irst ;ear. >urin the entire test period1 the

proportion o dos attac*in sheep as reduced to almost one ourth. 4he number o shoc*s

administered per do as reduced b; the second ;ear1 and onl; one o the dos hich received el.shoc*s the irst ;ear needed el. shoc*s also the second ;ear.4he observations that both receivers and
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non2receivers o el. shoc*s the irst ;ear shoed a reduction in the probabilit; o chasin sheep1 butthe receivers shoin a larer reduction1 sho that el. shoc* treatment provides an additionallearnin response. o adverse eects on the dos ere observed ith this trainin procedure1 but intheir discussion the authors commented QIn order to ensure no neative eects1 e recommend thatthe electronic do collar ma; be used or such purposes onl; i it is used b; s*illed trainers ith

special competence on do behaviour1 learnin mechanisms1 and o this particular device.Q

4olsky study 9:000os ere olloed up ;ears ater the end o trainin1 and the reduction in aression ere maintained. #F

Criticism

In an editorial or the Nournal O eterinar; Behavior1 Karen Overall1 Associate Mroessor oBehavioral edicine at the niversit; o Menns;lvania -chool o eterinar; edicine1 anddiplomate o the American 3ollee o eterinar; Behavioural edicine has criticised the use oshoc* collars1 sa;in QAbsolutel;1 ithout e&ception1 I oppose1 ill not recommend1 and enerall;spend lare amounts o time tellin people h; I oppose the use o shoc* collars1 pron collars1cho*e collars1 and an; other t;pe o device that is rooted in an adversarial1 conrontationalinteraction ith the do. =ithout e&ception1 such devices ill ma*e m; an&ious patients orse andallo the aner level o m; clients to reach levels that are not helpul and ma; be danerousQ.#$

M,4Aopposes the use o shoc* collars1 statin Q>os earin shoc* collars can suer rom ph;sicalpain and injur; (ranin rom burns to cardiac ibrillation) and ps;choloical stress1 includin severean&iet; and displaced aression. Individual animals var; in their temperaments and pain thresholds`a shoc* that seems mild to one do ma; be severe to another. 4he an&iet; and conusion caused b;repeated shoc*s can lead to chanes in the heart and respiration rate or astrointestinal disorders.,lectronic collars can also malunction1 either administerin nonstop shoc*s or deliverin no shoc*sat allQ.#C

o scientiic stud; supports M,4A's position that shoc* collars can cause Qinjur; (ranin romburns to cardiac ibrillation)1 and ps;choloical stress...Q or that a shoc* collar can Qlead to chanes

in the heart and respiraton rate or astrointestinal disorders.Q

4he 3ompanion Animal Behaviour 4herap; -tud; 8roup (3AB4-8)1 an ailiate roup o theBritish -mall Animal eterinar; Association (B-AA) has produced a polic; statement on the useo shoc* collars1 statin Q4heir eectiveness depends upon the pain and ear e&perienced b; theanimal1 but to use them correctl; reuires detailed understandin o behaviour and its motivation1 asell as ver; precise timin. ?e operators are able to achieve an; reliable success ith these devicesand the conseuences o ailure can be a orsenin o the problem behaviour.4he indiscriminate useo shoc* collars thereore poses a threat to the saet; o the eneral public1 as ell as to the elareo the animal. =e believe that suicient alternative methods o treatment e&ist that such electronictrainin devices are redundant. 4hereore1 as an association ailiated to B-AA1 it is our dut; torecommend that shoc* collars and all other related trainin and control aids should be banned romsale or useQ.#D
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4he B-AA itsel produced a statement on the ris*s associated ith collars QIn principle1 the British-mall Animal eterinar; Association (B-AA) opposes the use o electronic shoc* collars ortrainin and containment o animals. -hoc*s received durin trainin ma; not onl; be acutel;stressul1 painul and rihtenin or the animal but also ma; produce lon term adverse eects on

behavioural and emotional responses.Q.%9

4here is no scientiic stud; that supports the B-AA's claim o potential Qlon term adverse eectson behavioral and emotional responses.Q

4he Association o 3hie Molice Oicers (A3MO)1 in the K1 called on all orces to suspend use othe collars on the advice o the @-M3A and other animal elare roups.%9

4he Kennel 3lubhas an onoin campain to achieve a ban on the sale and use o shoc* collars`Q4he Kennel 3lub in callin upon the 8overnment and -cottish Marliament to introduce an outriht

ban on this barbaric method o trainin dos.Q.%#

4he =orld nion o 8erman -hepherd 3lubs (=-) has joined the Kennel 3lub in callin or acomplete ban on shoc* collars1 and passed a motion to e&clude this euipment rom an; o itstrainin branches %%

4he @o;al -ociet; or the Mrevention o 3ruelt; to Animalscommissioned a revie o the eects oshoc* collars rom the >epartment o eterinar; edicine at Bristol niversit;1 hich is availableonline. It states Q8iven the lac* o scientiic evidence or the eicac; o behavioural modiicationusin shoc* collars1 particularl; in the lon term1 in addition to the potential or mista*es ordeliberate abuse and the diicult; in correctin such errors1 the idespread use o these devices must

be careull; considered.Q %

4he umane -ociet; o the nited -tates(--) provides the olloin comment on the use oaversive collars (cho*e chains1 pinch collars and shoc* collars): Q-ome trainers use aversive collarsto train QdiicultQ dos ith correction or punishment. 4hese collars rel; on ph;sical discomort oreven pain to teach the do hat not to do. 4he; suppress the unanted behavior but don't teach himhat the proper one is. At best1 the; are unpleasant or ;our do1 and at orst1 the; ma; cause ;ourdo to act aressivel; and even bite ;ou. Mositive trainin methods should ala;s be ;our irstchoice.Q 4he; o on to comment on shoc* collars speciicall;: Q4he least humane and mostcontroversial use o the shoc* collar is as a trainin device. 4he trainer can administer a shoc* to ado at a distance throuh a remote control. 4here is a reater chance or abuse (deliver; o shoc*s as

punishment) or misuse (poor timin o shoc*s). Vour do also ma; associate the painul shoc* ith

people or other e&periences1 leadin to earul or aressive behaviorQ.%G

4he potential or shoc* collars to have a neative impact on behaviour has been reconised b; theK courts. In %99# Ostarra Lanride as prosecuted ater one o her dos attac*ed and *illed ashitHu hilst on a al*. A control order1 rather than a destruction order1 as imposed as themaistrates accepted the deense that s. Lanride's do's aressive behaviour as attributable tothe eects o the shoc* collar. Qs. Lanride souht the help o a behaviourist hen her dosstarted to run aa; rom her on their al*s alon the beach. 4he dos ere iven shoc* collars1hich iss Lanride as told to *eep on or three months and activate henever the; misbehaved.But the irst time the dos ot a shoc* as b; mista*e1 ater a small do the; ere al*in pastmade iss Lanride jump. ?rom then on her pets associated the shoc*s ith small dos and

became araid o them. =hen iss Lanride described the da; in Nul; hen her dos turned on ashihtHu she had tears in her e;es.Q. -he stated QQ4he; connected the pain o the electric shoc* ith
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;. Aum) u) B indsay, Steven :. );554/, Handbook, 6mes, &o!a> lac$!ellPulishing, #. 4H

@. Aum) u) B lein, Dieter :., ;555, "o! Dangerous are :emote StimulationDevices for the Training of Dogs[R 6mtstier`r-tlicher Dienst undeensmittel$ontrolle

. Aum) u) B ^


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; lac$!ellPulishing, #. 4G

@5. Aum) u) B :adio Systems. 1:adio Systems 0hite Pa#er1.

@


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"asic collars

eather uc$le collar !ith traditional uc$le.

+uckle collars, also called flat collars, are usually made of nylon !eing^_or

leather )less common materials can include #olyester, hem#, or metal/ !ith auc$le similar to a elt uc$le, or a 7uic$*release uc$le, either of !hich holdsthe collar loosely around the dog's nec$. &dentification is commonly attached tosuch a collar it also comes !ith a loo# to !hich a leash can e fastened.

Nylon 7uic$*release uc$le collar !ith identification and medical tags.

lea collarsare im#regnated !ith chemicals that re#el fleas.^4_They are usuallya su##lementary collar, !orn in addition to the conventional uc$le collar.

5liabethan collars, sha#ed li$e a truncated cone, can e fitted on a dog to#revent it from scratching a !ound on its head or nec$ or lic$ing a !ound orinfection on its ody.^_

+reak-away collarsloo$ similar to uc$le collars, ut have a safety mechanisminstalled that allo!s the dog to rea$ free of the collar if ecessive force isa##lied. These collars are useful in situations !here a non*7uic$ release collarcould get snagged and strangle the dog.^A_

%afety %tretch Collarsan elastic #anel in the sturdy nylon collar allo!s esca#efrom #otential strangulation dangers such as ranches, fences, gates and otherdogs. 9nli$e rea$a!ays a stretch collar acts li$e a traditional static collar !hen

cli##ed !ith a leash.
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%tud collarsare leather collars fitted !ith dulled #oints and?or metal studs thattraditionally #revented another animal from iting the dog's nec$. This ty#e ofcollar dates ac$ to ancient +reece, !hen shee#dogs !ere given nail*studdedcollars to #rotect them from !olves.^G_&n modern societies, stud collars are morecommonly considered a fashion accessory.

4ainted collarsare leather collars !ith a #attern a##lied !ith safe !ater*resistant #aint. 9sually the #aint is a##lied manually. These collars are moree#ensive than others ecause of handi!or$.

ur saver collarsare a $ind of cho$e chains that #rovide less effect on thedog's hair, thus not damaging it. %ur saver collar can e used oth for long andshort*haired reeds !ithout ma$ing any harm to the dog's fur. &t can e used fortraining and daily life as !ell.

%)iked collarsare made of nylon or leather material and decorated !ith metals#i$es. Commonly, the s#i$es are hand*set and tightly riveted for etra security.S#i$es #revent other animals from iting the dog's nec$ and serve as fancyaccessory.

Trainin* collars

-everal t;pes o collars are used or the purposes o trainin dos1 thouh sometimes a collar is notused at all (such as in the case o do ailit;trainin1 here a collar could et cauht on euipmentand stranle the do). ,ach trainin collar has its on set o advantaes and disadvantaes (briel;outlined belo) hich trainers miht consider beore usin a select one. 4rainin collars aret;picall; used or trainin onl; and not let on the do's nec* all the time1 as some collars can beharmul or danerous i let on a do unsupervised.

lat collars

-ome dos are trained on leash usin a buc*le or uic*2release collar.

Choke chains

Cho$e chain, sho!ing ho! the chain #ulls through the loo# at one end.

+hoke chains(also called slip collars1 choke collars1 or slip chains) are a lenth o chain orn;lonropeith rins at either end such that the collar can be ormed into a loop around the top o the do'snec*1 just behind the ears. 4he rin that connects to the leash oes over the top o the do's nec*1 notunder.D=hen the leash is attached to the dead ringthe collar does not constrict on the do's nec*.

=hen the leash is attached to the live ringthe chain slips (adjusts) tihter hen pulled and slips
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looser hen tension is released. A uic* jer* ith an immediate release1 euphemisticall; called aleash pop1snap1 or correction1 is used to correct the do into a 'heel' position.

4ron, collar

Prong collar the loo#ed chain limits ho! tightly the collar can #ull in the same !ay that

a Martingale functions.

%rong collarsare a series o chain lin*s ith blunted open ends turned toards the do's nec*. 4hedesin o the pron collar is such that it has a limited circumerence unli*e cho*e chains hich donot have a limit on ho ar the; can constrict on a do's nec*. 4he limited traction o the martinalechain combined ith the anle o the prons prevents the prons movin close enouh to pinch. 4hecollar is desined to prevent the do rom pullin b; appl;in pressure at each point aainst the do'snec*.

Mron collars must never be turned inside out (ith the prons acin aa; rom the do's s*in)1 asthis ma; cause injur; aainst the bod; and head. #9Mlastic tips are occasionall; placed on the ends

o the prons to protect aainst tuts ormin in the ur or1 in the case o lo ualit; manuacturedcollars ith rouh chisel cut ends1 puncturin the s*in. Li*e the chec* chain1 the pron collar is

placed hih on the do's nec*1 just behind the ears1 at the most sensitive point.##

-ome dos can ree themselves rom pron collars ith lare ire looped sides b; sha*in their headso that the lin*s pop out1 so some trainers have come to use a second collar (usuall; an oversiHechec* chain) in addition to the pron collar so hen this happens the do does not run loose. citationneeded

#artin,ale collar
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Martingale Collar !ith Chain oo# martingale collars also come !ith a faric loo#

instead of chain as !ell as o#tional uc$les on oth styles.

artinale collarsare recommended or -ihthoundsbecause their heads are smaller than theirnec*s and the; can oten slip out o standard collars. 4he; can1 hoever1 be used or an; breed odo. 4heir no2slip eature has made them a saet; standard at man; *ennels and animal shelters citationneeded. A martinale collar has % loops` the smaller loop is the Qcontrol loopQ that tihtens the larerloop hen pulled to prevent dos rom slippin out o the collar. -imilar to a pron collar1 themartinale has limited constriction on the do's nec* and applies even pressure.

Dead halters

The halter*style collar controls the dog's head ut does not restrict its aility to #ant,

drin$, or gras# ojects.

)ead halters1 sold under the brand names Q3omort 4rainerQ1Haltior Gentle Leaderor Snoot Loop1are similar in desin to a halter or a horse. 4his device astens around the bac* o the nec* and over

the top o the muHHle1 ivin more control over a do's direction and the intensit; o pullin on aleash than collars that it strictl; around the nec*. Mressure on this t;pe o collar pulls the do's headtoards the handler.

Controversy

-upporters o the head halter sa; that it enables the handler to control the do's head1 and ma*es thedo unable to pull usin its ull strenth. It is especiall; useul ith reactive dos1 hen control othe do's head can be a saet; issue.citation needed

4hose ho do not recommend use o the head halter sa; that some dos ind it unnatural anduncomortablecitation needed. I the collar is too tiht1 it ma; di too deepl; into the s*in or the strap
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martingale_(collar)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sighthoundhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sighthoundhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:DogHalter_wb.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:DogHalter_wb.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Color-BrownPinkDots_MED.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martingale_(collar)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sighthoundhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed


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around the muHHle ma; push into the do's e;escitation needed. 3ranial injur; is a possible result romimproper use o the head halter` i a do is jer*ed suddenl; b; the leash attached to the head halter1the do's nec* is pulled sharpl; to the side1 hich miht result in nec* injur; (thouh this can be trueo all collars). I the nose strap is itted too tihtl;1 the hair on the muHHle can also be rubbed o1 orthe do miht pa and scratch at its ace1 causin injuries ranin rom mere bare s*in to severe

abrasions.

%hock collars

Shock collars(or training collars1 remote training collars1 e-collars1 electronic collars#%andhunting collars) are electronic trainin aids developed to deliver an electrical sinal1 vibration1 tone1throuh contact points attached to a do collar. ##G-hoc* collars are illeal in =ales.#7

Wolf collars

olf collarsor protection collarsare metal collars itted ith lare spi*es radiatin aa; rom thedo1 usuall; orn b; dos protectin livestoc*in case the; are attac*ed b; olvesor other

predators. -uch collars protect the nec* o a do rom direct attac*. It is rare to see these collarsbein used in modern societies.

orce collar

A force collaris a leather collar ith metal prons staered alon the inside` similar to a proncollar.

2i,hted collar

A lighted collar(or collar light1 dog light) is a collar that emits liht in order to ma*e a do morevisible in the dar* to their oners and more importantl;1 nearb; motorists. It should be noted that itis not desined to help a do see at niht1 as it is ell documented that dos have ver; ood vision inlo liht conditions.

Main article> DogBiology

ost lihted collars utiliHe one or more liht emittin diodesor the liht source and can be ovirtuall; an; color1 althouh red and blue are most common. Moer is provided b; one or more

batteries1 most common t;pes bein AAA and lithium coin cells to minimiHe the added eiht to thecollar.

lotation collar

A flotation collar(or buoant collar) is abuo;anc; aiddesined or dos. Althouh it is notdesined to be used as alie preserveror lie jac*et1 it can provide additional buo;ant support or thehead o a do hen in the ater. It is oten used in canine h;drotherap;services to assist in therehabilitation o injured dos. 4he collar ma; be constructed o closed cell oammaterial that isinherentl; buo;ant or be o a t;pe that is inlated ith air.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shock_collarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prong_collar#cite_note-12http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prong_collar#cite_note-12http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prong_collar#cite_note-13http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prong_collar#cite_note-14http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waleshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prong_collar#cite_note-15http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prong_collar#cite_note-15http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolf_collarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolf_collarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Livestockhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dog#Biologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Light_emitting_diodeshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Light_emitting_diodeshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buoyancy_aidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buoyancy_aidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Life_preserverhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Life_preserverhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Life_preserverhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Life_jackethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canine_hydrotherapyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canine_hydrotherapyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Closed_cell_foamhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shock_collarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prong_collar#cite_note-12http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prong_collar#cite_note-13http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prong_collar#cite_note-14http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waleshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prong_collar#cite_note-15http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolf_collarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Livestockhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dog#Biologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Light_emitting_diodeshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buoyancy_aidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Life_preserverhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Life_jackethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canine_hydrotherapyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Closed_cell_foam


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See also

Collar Mu--le )device/

Shoc$ collar

Re)erences


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pron collar

4he prong collarpresents considerable ris*s:

Causes damage to the s#ine and nec$ of the dog.

Causes damage to the s$in and muscles.

Causes #ressure on the laryn in addition to the damage of the laryn, furthernegative effects can e>

2 >amae to the th;roid1

2 >amae to the e;es b; an increased internal pressure o the e;e.

Doesnt fi the cause ut only the sym#tom of the #rolem. The dog doesnt #ullon the leash !hen hes !earing this #articular collar. "o!ever, once he gets ridof it, he !ill resume #ulling, as he didnt understand the #rinci#le.

Due to the #ain, the dog may e conditioned negatively to other stimuli. %oream#le, the dog can feel the #ain at the eact moment !hen he sees anotherdog or a jogger, etc. 6ccordingly, in his mind joggers, dogs, etc. are associated!ith this #ain. 0hat !ill e the outcome[ 6n aggressive dog against this#articular stimulus )redirection/V

&f your dog only #ulls shortly on the leash, !ithout sho!ing any !rongdoing, inthe follo!ing situations> #laying !ith other dogs, !elcoming #eo#le, jum#ingac$!ards or side!ays in fear ? shoc$, etc. then your dog is also #unishedy the #ain caused y his #rong collar, although he has actually done nothing!rong. This is even more irres#onsile and #ure stress for the dogV
http://tausche-stachelhalsband-gegen-training.de/englisch/info.phphttp://tausche-stachelhalsband-gegen-training.de/englisch/info.php


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chain cho*e collar

n;lon cho*e collar

cho*e collar ith stop

Believe it or not: +hoke collarsare even ar more danerous or ;our do


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Causes damage to the s#ine.

4hese eects cannot be prevented i ;ou onl; pull entl; ith to iners at the collar. Indeed1 ;oucould ala;s ace situations here the do pulls orard ith ull orce1 due to lac* o education1ear1 or just antin to chase a ild animal or a cat. Oten dos on the leash earin pron or cho*e

collars pla; ith other dos or move orard hen other dos or finterestin< people pass b;. 4hesesituations are unavoidable and thereore a fentle< a; to deal ith pron or cho*e collars is notala;s possible.

4oda; e *no that pain induced learnin doesn


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#. Zchtunen vornimmt1 die Zr das 4ier oder dessen ach*ommen mit star*en-chmerHen1 Leiden1 -chYden oder mit scherer Anst verbunden sind (ualHZchtunen)1oder 4iere mit ualHuchtmer*malen importiert1 erirbt oder eiteribt`#. breeds animals hich either directl; themselves or their descendants ill suerrom heav; pain1 suerin1 injur; or heav; ear (inhumane breedin practices)` or imports1

purchases or passes on such animals ith eatures resultin rom inhumane breedin

practices`%. die AressivitYt und Kampbereitschat von 4ieren durch einseitie uchtausahloder durch andere aknahmen erhht`%. increases aressiveness and ihtin readiness o animals b; one2sided breedinselection or other methods`. a) -tachelhalsbYnder1 KorallenhalsbYnder oder ele*trisierende oder chemische>ressurerYte verendet oder. a) uses spi*e collars1 coral t;pe proned collar1 or animal trainin devices usinelectricit; or chemical substances1 or

b) technische 8erYte1 ilsmittel oder orrichtunen verendet1 die darau abHielen1das erhalten eines 4ieres durch Yrte oder durch -trareiHe Hu beeinlussen`

b) uses technical euipment1 devices or au&iliar; means aimin at inluencinanimal behaviour b; severe approach or punishment incentives`

G. ein 4ier au ein anderes 4ier hetHt oder an einem anderen 4ier au -chYre abrichtet`G. sets animals on other animals or trains them to be aressive toards anotheranimal`7. 4ier*Ympe oranisiert oder durchZhrt` 7. oraniHes or perorms animal ihts`F. underennen au Asphalt oder anderen harten BodenbelYen veranstaltet` F. oraniHes do races on asphalt or otherhard2covered terrain`$. einem 4ier @eiH2 oder >opinmittel Hur -teierun der Leistun von 4ieren1insbesondere bei sportlichen =ett*Ympen oder Yhnlichen eranstaltunen1 HuZhrt`$. administers stimulants or dopin substances to an animal in order to increase its

perormance1 in particular durin sports competitions or similar events`C. ein 4ier Hu einer ?ilmaunahme1 =erbun1 -chaustellun oder Yhnlichen ec*enund eranstaltunen heranHieht1 soern damit -chmerHen1 Leiden1 -chYden oderschere Anst Zr das 4ier verbunden sind`

C. uses an animal or ilm shots1 advertisin1 e&hibition or similar purposes orevents i this is involved ith pain1 suerin1 injur; or heav; ear or the animal`D. einem 4ier Leistunen abverlant1 soern damit oensichtlich -chmerHen1 Leiden1-chYden oder schere Anst Zr das 4ier verbunden sind`D. demands rom an animal an; perormance obviousl; involved ith pain1 suerin1injur; or heav; ear or the animal`#9. ein 4ier 4emperaturen1 =itterunseinlZssen1 -auerstomanel oder einer BeeunseinschrYn*unaussetHt und ihm dadurch -chmerHen1 Leiden1 -chYden oderschere Anst HuZt`#9. e&poses an animal to temperatures1 eather conditions1 lac* o o&;en or restrictiono ree movement inlictin pain1 suerin1 injur; or heav; ear on the animal`

G. trainin measures or police and militar; orces dos or hich coral t;pe

proned collars are used b; speciall; trained persons1 maintainin the principle o adeuac;.A coral collar is understood to be a collar consistin o metal lin*s ith lar;neal

protection1 euipped ith rounded metal pins protrudin at an anle and o at least 17mm diameter.(G) >er ,rerb und der BesitH von 8eenstYnden1 die emYk Abs. % lit. a nicht verendeterden dZren1 ist verboten. Ausenommen sind der ,rerb und der BesitH vonKorallenhalsbYndern Zr die in Abs. G enannten ec*e.(G) 4he acuisition and possession o objects hich are not alloed to be used accordinto para % subpara a is prohibited. ,&cepted rom this provision are acuisition and

possession o coral collars or the purposes named in para subpara G.(7) >urch erordnun (7) B; reulation1#. hat der Bundesminister Zr 8esundheit und ?rauen1 in BeHu au landirtschatliche

utHtiere im ,invernehmen mit dem Bundesminister Zr Land2 und ?orstirtschat1melt und =asserirtschat1 estHuleen1 elche Zchtunen jedenalls unter Abs. % # und % allen`


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#. the ?ederal inister or ealth and =omen shall determine hich breedinmethods are in an

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