Reconstruction

Abraham Lincoln Andrew Johnson Ulysses S. Grant

Effects of the Civil WarOver 620,000 dead

360,000 Union260,000 Confederate

Socially• Blacks were free but not equal• There were very bitter feelings between the North

and the South

Economically

• The South is devastated by the war

• North in a bad recession and had high unemployment

Politically

• How should the South be readmitted?

• The South was broken up into 5 districts that were controlled by the U. S. Army.

Plans for Reconstruction

• Lincoln’s Plan– Lincoln would readmit a state if………..1. Pardoned confederates would swear an oath to

support the constitution and the Union.2. 10% of the state citizens who voted in 1860 had to

give the oath.3. Loyal governments were formed4. The state abolished slavery.

• President Andrew Johnson wanted to admit states mostly according to Lincoln’s plan.

Radical Republican’s Plan

• Radical Republicans did not agree with Lincoln’s plan.

• Radicals believed they should control Reconstruction and not the President.

Wade – Davis Bill

1. A majority of white males had to take an oath before a state could be reorganized.

2. Those in the new government had to swear they never voluntarily supported the Confederacy.

3. Required the new state governments had to honor old Confederate debts, abolish slavery, and repudiate their act of secession.

Resistance to End Reconstruction

• Jim Crow Laws• KKK• Compromise of 1877

Impeachment of President Johnson

• Congress creates the Tenure of Office Act.

• Johnson goes against the Act and is Impeached in March of 1868

• The Senate fell 1 vote short of Impeachment

Andrew Johnson

Compromise of 1877

1. The government would remove federal troops from the South

2. The government would provide land grants and loans for the construction of railroads linking the South to the West Coast

3. Southern officials would receive federal funds for construction and improvement projects

4. Hayes would appoint a Democrat to his cabinet5. The Democrats promised to respect African

Americans’ civil and political rights

Post Civil War Amendments• 13th Amendment – Ends slavery• 14th Amendment – Citizenship to blacks• 15th Amendment – Voting rights to blacks