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RECONSTRUCTIONRECONSTRUCTION
10% Plan10% Plan
Johnson PresidencyJohnson Presidency
Radical RepublicansRadical Republicans
ReconstructionReconstruction
Compromise of 1877Compromise of 1877
Andrew JohnsonAndrew Johnson
• Lincoln: 10% Plan, 13 AmendmentLincoln: 10% Plan, 13 Amendment– Slavery abolished in 1865Slavery abolished in 1865
• Two Camps on ReconstructionTwo Camps on Reconstruction– Moderates: abolish slavery, not much elseModerates: abolish slavery, not much else– Radical Republicans: Prevent rebel leadersRadical Republicans: Prevent rebel leaders
•From returning to power, protect black rightsFrom returning to power, protect black rights
• Andrew Johnson becomes presidentAndrew Johnson becomes president– Poor, southern Jacksonian, racist DemocratPoor, southern Jacksonian, racist Democrat– 10% plan, pardons 13,000 except rich10% plan, pardons 13,000 except rich– Black codes: South restricts black rightsBlack codes: South restricts black rights
Andrew Johnson 1864-1868Andrew Johnson 1864-1868
Radical RepublicansRadical Republicans
• Leaders: T. Stevens, C. Sumner, G. Leaders: T. Stevens, C. Sumner, G. JulianJulian
• Freedman’s Bureau: 1Freedman’s Bureau: 1stst Fed welfare Fed welfare– Agency: food, schools, hospitals, legal aidAgency: food, schools, hospitals, legal aid– It only ran from 1865-1869It only ran from 1865-1869
• Land Reform: Sherman 40 acres & Land Reform: Sherman 40 acres & mulemule– Freedman’s Bureau distributed rebel land: Freedman’s Bureau distributed rebel land:
300,000 to 40,000 people300,000 to 40,000 people– Southern Homestead Act of 1866: Only Southern Homestead Act of 1866: Only
4,000 people take offer. 4,000 people take offer.
Republicans Fight with Republicans Fight with JohnsonJohnson• Johnson vetoes Civil Rights billJohnson vetoes Civil Rights bill
• Congress overrides vetoCongress overrides veto
• Passes 14 AmendmentPasses 14 Amendment– All people born in US citizenAll people born in US citizen– All people “equal protection under the All people “equal protection under the
law.”law.”
• Congressional ReconstructionCongressional Reconstruction– 50% loyalty, agree to 14 Amend50% loyalty, agree to 14 Amend– 5 military zones5 military zones
• 15 Amendment: all have right to vote 15 Amendment: all have right to vote – regardless of “race, color…”regardless of “race, color…”
Impeachment Impeachment
• Johnson replaces Republican officersJohnson replaces Republican officers– With DemocratsWith Democrats
• He threatens to fire Sec of DefenseHe threatens to fire Sec of Defense• Congress passes 11 articles of Congress passes 11 articles of
impeachment. ”Last battle on Slavery.”impeachment. ”Last battle on Slavery.”• Johnson 7 votes shy of impeachmentJohnson 7 votes shy of impeachment• President has right to fire cabinetPresident has right to fire cabinet• Height of Radical Republican powerHeight of Radical Republican power
Johnson Impeachment TrialJohnson Impeachment Trial
Political FightsPolitical Fights
• Ku Klux Klan: grassroots terrorist Ku Klux Klan: grassroots terrorist – Organization used to kill and intimidateOrganization used to kill and intimidate– Blacks Republicans Blacks Republicans – Republicans lose control of GA, LA 1868Republicans lose control of GA, LA 1868
• Ku Klux Klan Act: Grant sends troopsKu Klux Klan Act: Grant sends troops– But federal government loses will powerBut federal government loses will power
• State by state Democrats return to State by state Democrats return to powerpower– By 1877By 1877
Blacks return to quasi Blacks return to quasi plantationplantation
• Freed black labor: wages? Contracts?Freed black labor: wages? Contracts?
• Sharecropping: maintains family unitSharecropping: maintains family unit– They work their own plot of landThey work their own plot of land– 50% of crop goes to landowner50% of crop goes to landowner– Debt peonageDebt peonage– Entrenched povertyEntrenched poverty– Jim Crow Laws: segregation, 2Jim Crow Laws: segregation, 2ndnd class class
Compromise of 1877Compromise of 1877
• 1877: GOP Hayes v. Dems Tilden1877: GOP Hayes v. Dems Tilden
• Tilden wins 300,000 more pop votesTilden wins 300,000 more pop votes
• 4 states in dispute: commission4 states in dispute: commission
• Compromise: Hayes will serve as Compromise: Hayes will serve as presidentpresident– Dems agree to honor 14 AmendmentDems agree to honor 14 Amendment– GOP agree to withdraw troopsGOP agree to withdraw troops– Build southern transcontinental railroadBuild southern transcontinental railroad– Pick a Democrat Post Master Pick a Democrat Post Master
Rutherford Hayes: 1876-Rutherford Hayes: 1876-1880 1880
1876 Campaign Poster1876 Campaign Poster
Chapter 16Chapter 16
• 13,14,15 Amendments13,14,15 Amendments
• Freedman’s BureauFreedman’s Bureau
• SharecroppingSharecropping
• Jim Crow LawsJim Crow Laws
• Compromise of 1877Compromise of 1877