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Reconnaissance and Surveillance Leader Course
Movement Formations&
Battle Drills
Reconnaissance and Surveillance Leader Course
For a Recon/Scout unit to be effective on the modern battlefield, it must be able to move with stealth and react to any contact if necessary. The lives of you and your fellow team members will depend on how well you learn these skills. These are the skills that must be rehearsed until they become second nature.
Reconnaissance and Surveillance Leader Course
TERMINAL LEARNINGOBJECTIVE
Action: Perform movement formations and battle drills
Conditions: Given a field environment with BDUs, LBE, rucksack, M4 carbine, all necessary ammunition and pyrotechnics, and a block of instruction.
Standards: Perform movement formations and battle drills IAW team SOPS and FM 7-93.
Reconnaissance and Surveillance Leader Course
Safety: General
Risk Assessment: Low
Environmental Considerations: None
Evaluation: Your evaluation for this class as well as all operational technique classes will come during the FTX. Your practical applications of battle drills and movement formations may determine if your patrol is a GO or a NO GO.
Reconnaissance and Surveillance Leader Course
Up to this portion of the course you have learned communications and vehicle recognition. During the next week you will learn operational techniques that you can use as the basis for your team’s SOPs.
Reconnaissance and Surveillance Leader Course
Enabling Learning Objective A
Action: Conduct tactical movement formations
Conditions: Given a field environment with BDUs, LBE, rucksack, M4 carbine, all necessary ammunition and pyrotechnics, and a block of instruction.
Standards: Perform movement techniques and battle drills IAW team SOPS and FM 7-93.
Reconnaissance and Surveillance Leader Course
BATTLE DRILLS AS PER SOP
Reconnaissance and Surveillance Leader Course
Formations
• File- Thick vegetation / limited visibility / speed • Modified Wedge- Open terrain / 360 security • Wedge- Bounding movements- react to fire
Reconnaissance and Surveillance Leader Course
File Formation
SSO TL RTO ARTO SO ATL
Direction of Movement
Reconnaissance and Surveillance Leader Course
Reconnaissance and Surveillance Leader Course
Modified Wedge
SSO
TL
RTO
ARTO
SO
ATL
Direction of Movement
Reconnaissance and Surveillance Leader Course
Reconnaissance and Surveillance Leader Course
Wedge Formation
SSO
TL
RTO
ARTO
SO
ATL
Direction of Movement
Reconnaissance and Surveillance Leader Course
Reconnaissance and Surveillance Leader Course
What type of formation would you use for restrictive terrain?
Reconnaissance and Surveillance Leader Course
What type of formation would you use for restrictive terrain?
A file formation
Reconnaissance and Surveillance Leader Course
Enabling Learning Objective B
Action: Conduct a security halt (short or long)
Conditions: Given a field environment with BDUs, LBE, rucksack, M4 carbine, all necessary ammunition and pyrotechnics, and a block of instruction.
Standards: Conduct security halts IAW team SOPS and FM 7-93.
Reconnaissance and Surveillance Leader Course
Movement into Halts
• Always conduct dogleg / fishhook into a haltNormally large enough to fit the element
•Always conduct SLLSMinimum of 3-5 minutes
Reconnaissance and Surveillance Leader Course
Short Halt
Direction of Movement
SSOTL
RTOARTO
SOATL
Reconnaissance and Surveillance Leader Course
Short Halt
SSO
RTO
ARTO
SO
ATL
Reconnaissance and Surveillance Leader Course
Long Halt
• Same procedure utilized as for short halt• Used for Angus or any long period of time• Emplace M18A1 claymores• Conduct a local reconnaissance
Reconnaissance and Surveillance Leader Course
What should you always do first at a halt?
Reconnaissance and Surveillance Leader Course
What should you always do first at a halt?
Conduct SLLS
Reconnaissance and Surveillance Leader Course
How should you enter every halt?
Reconnaissance and Surveillance Leader Course
How should you enter every halt?
With a fishhook or a dogleg
Reconnaissance and Surveillance Leader Course
Enabling Learning Objective C
Action: Cross a danger area (linear or open)
Conditions: Given a field environment with BDUs, LBE, rucksack, M4 carbine, all necessary ammunition and pyrotechnics, and a block of instruction.
Standards: Cross danger areas IAW team SOPS and FM 7-93.
Reconnaissance and Surveillance Leader Course
Linear Danger Area
* Streams are also linear danger areas
Reconnaissance and Surveillance Leader Course
Principles of Crossing
• Security left/right must be maintained at all times
• Utilize the road to your advantage
• Moving quickly across the road is not always the best
Reconnaissance and Surveillance Leader Course
Principles of Crossing(cont.)
• Set security at a 45 degree angle across the road so that they can see each other and still maintain security
• Never cross on azimuth
• Never cross at intersections
• Always counter-track
Reconnaissance and Surveillance Leader Course
Crossing a Linear Danger Area
Reconnaissance and Surveillance Leader Course
SSO
TL RTO
ARTO
SO
ATL
SSO
TL
RTO
ARTO
SO
ATL
Cover Cover
Reconnaissance and Surveillance Leader Course
Can’t see up road
Can see up road
Reconnaissance and Surveillance Leader Course
Crossing Improved Linear Danger Area
Reconnaissance and Surveillance Leader Course
Crossing Improved Linear Danger Area
(cont.)
Reconnaissance and Surveillance Leader Course
Crossing Improved Linear Danger Area
(cont.)
Reconnaissance and Surveillance Leader Course
Open Danger Area (Small/Large)
• Always bypass if possible (contour or detour bypass)• If crossing is inevitable, use an open movement formation• Use overwatch positions (if feasible)• Avoid crossing during daylight
Reconnaissance and Surveillance Leader CourseContour
Detour Bypass
Est
imat
ed 1
00m
270
270
3 60
360
90 100m
oo
o
o
o
o 3
60
200m
Orig
inal
pac
e+
100m
270 100mo
16
40m
1840
m
Reconnaissance and Surveillance Leader Course
What do you never do at a linear danger area?
Reconnaissance and Surveillance Leader Course
What do you never do at a linear danger area?
Cross on azimuth
Reconnaissance and Surveillance Leader Course
Which is the most preferred method forbypassing an open area?
Reconnaissance and Surveillance Leader Course
Which is the most preferred method for bypassing an open area?
The contour method
Reconnaissance and Surveillance Leader Course
Enabling Learning Objective D
Action: Designate a rally/rendezvous point
Conditions: Given a field environment with BDUs, LBE, rucksack, M4 carbine, all necessary ammunition and pyrotechnics, and a block of instruction.
Standards: Designate a rally/rendezvous point IAW team SOPS and FM 7-93.
Reconnaissance and Surveillance Leader Course
Rally Point• Designated enroute • No “floating” rally points
Rendezvous Point• Designated in planning• Usually 2 hr, 4hr, 24 hr• Must be an easily identifiable location on the map and the ground• Use M-TETTC when choosing rendezvous points
Reconnaissance and Surveillance Leader CourseOBJ
LZ
2 hr RV
4/2 hr RV
24/4/2 hr RV
TO SAFE
Reconnaissance and Surveillance Leader Course
What is the difference between an RV and an RP?
Reconnaissance and Surveillance Leader Course
What is the difference between an RV and an RP?
RV is designated in planning, while an RP is designated on site
Reconnaissance and Surveillance Leader Course
Enabling Learning Objective E
Action: Perform linkup
Conditions: Given a field environment with BDUs, LBE, rucksack, M4 carbine, all necessary ammunition and pyrotechnics, and a block of instruction.
Standards: Perform linkup IAW team SOPS and FM 7-93.
Reconnaissance and Surveillance Leader Course
Types of Linkup
• Team internal
• Friendly unit
• Partisan
• Friendly forward lines during E&R
Reconnaissance and Surveillance Leader Course
Characteristics of a Linkup
• Easily recognizable terrain• Offers cover and concealment• Off natural lines of drift• Multiple routes of access and escape
Reconnaissance and Surveillance Leader Course
Team Internal Linkup
• 1 stationary (Hide) and 1 moving element (Surveillance)
• All elements have FM communications
• Far recognition- FM communications
• Near recognition- IR flashes, IR chems, etc.
Reconnaissance and Surveillance Leader Course
Friendly Unit Linkup
• Coordinated for by a face to face with the linkup unit (LNO) • Recon element will always be the static unit if possible• Emplace overwatch security even for friendly linkup• FM communications for far recognition• VS 17, IR flashes, etc for near recognition• Have all elements ready to move if linking up for extraction
Reconnaissance and Surveillance Leader Course
Partisan Linkup
• Overwatch position required
• Bone fides given to the partisan and returned correctly
• Never trust the partisan with your equipment
• Be prepared to move out quickly if for extraction
Reconnaissance and Surveillance Leader Course
Linkup with the FLOT During E&R
• High chance of fratricide
• Never approach the FLOT
• Wait for a patrol to come into your vicinity
• Signal the patrol at a safe distance (NOT 10 FEET)
Reconnaissance and Surveillance Leader Course
What are some characteristics for selection of a link-up site ?
Reconnaissance and Surveillance Leader Course
What are some characteristics for selection of a link-up site ?
Easily recognizableGood cover and concealmentOff natural lines of driftDefendable for short timeOffers multiple access and escape routes
Reconnaissance and Surveillance Leader Course
What must you have in position prior to a partisan link-up?
Reconnaissance and Surveillance Leader Course
What must you have in position prior to a partisan link-up?
An over watch position
Reconnaissance and Surveillance Leader Course
1010MINUTEMINUTEBREAKBREAK
Reconnaissance and Surveillance Leader Course
Enabling Learning Objective F
Action: Establish a patrol base
Conditions: Given a field environment with BDUs, LBE, rucksack, M4 carbine, all necessary ammunition and pyrotechnics, and a block of instruction.
Standards: Establish a patrol base IAW team SOPS and FM 7-93.
Reconnaissance and Surveillance Leader Course
Location of a Patrol Base
• Little tactical value to the enemy• Off natural lines of drift• Near a source of potable water• Defendable for a short period of time• In difficult terrain is a benefit (swamps, etc.)
Avoid• Ridges• Built up areas• Roads/trails• Enemy positions
Reconnaissance and Surveillance Leader Course
Patrol BasesPurpose
• Rest/refit
• Change of mission planning
• Maintenance of equipment
• Resupply
Reconnaissance and Surveillance Leader Course
Occupation of a Patrol Base
• The location of the patrol base should be decided on by map recon
• Move into the vicinity of the patrol base and conduct a long halt/SLLS
• Conduct a recon for the best location for the patrol base
• Movement into patrol base (do a larger than normal fish hook)
Reconnaissance and Surveillance Leader Course
Occupation of a Patrol Base (cont.)
• Maintain security at all times- most likely time to get hit
• Camouflage using natural vegetation and yetti nets
• Cache of unneeded equipment
Reconnaissance and Surveillance Leader Course
Reconnaissance and Surveillance Leader Course
Activities at the Patrol BasePriorities of Work
• Security- 360 at all times- all M18A1 claymores emplaced• Communications- use low visibility antennas by daylight• Maintenance- Field strip, oil, clean all equipment• Chow- Leave no trash• Personal Hygiene • Rest
Reconnaissance and Surveillance Leader Course
Activities at the Patrol Base(cont.)
Other activities
• Planning- security must be maintained while issuing the order• Water resupply conducted as needed• Break out plans must be established- (“Black & Gold” rally points)
• Maintain security throughout
Reconnaissance and Surveillance Leader Course
What is the first priority of work in a patrol base?
Reconnaissance and Surveillance Leader Course
What is the first priority of work in a patrol base?
Security
Reconnaissance and Surveillance Leader Course
What are some of the things that you should avoid when emplacing a patrol base?
Reconnaissance and Surveillance Leader Course
What are some of the things that you should avoid when emplacing a patrol base?
RidgesBuilt up areasRoads or trails
Enemy positions-(known or suspected)
Reconnaissance and Surveillance Leader Course
Enabling Learning Objective G
Action: Identify hand & arm signals
Conditions: Given a field environment with BDUs, LBE, rucksack, M4 carbine, all necessary ammunition and pyrotechnics, and a block of instruction.
Standards: Identify hand & arm signals IAW team SOPS and FM 21-60.
Reconnaissance and Surveillance Leader Course
Danger AreaCome to me
Enemy
FreezeIncrease Speed
Rally
Reconnaissance and Surveillance Leader Course
Head Count
Pace Count
Map Check
RTOWedge
Reconnaissance and Surveillance Leader Course
What level do you want to keep hand and arm signals?
Reconnaissance and Surveillance Leader Course
What level do you want to keep hand and arm signals?
Below shoulder level
Reconnaissance and Surveillance Leader Course
Enabling Learning Objective H
Action: Break contact
Conditions: Given a field environment with BDUs, LBE, rucksack, M4 carbine, all necessary ammunition and pyrotechnics, and a block of instruction.
Standards: Break contact IAW team SOPS, FM 7-8, and FM 7-93.
Reconnaissance and Surveillance Leader Course
Principles of Breaking Contact
• Claymores are a bonus item-if you don’t use them you have them for another day
• Success is based upon speed of execution
• Don’t fire if your not being fired upon-your only giving your position away-hence you can’t see the enemy through smoke
Reconnaissance and Surveillance Leader Course
Principles of Breaking Contact (cont.)
• Drop rucks only as a last resort
• Practice man down drills - it happens
Reconnaissance and Surveillance Leader Course
Contact Front
• Initial action is just going to ground and seeking cover
• Initial deployment will depend upon terrain and the enemy
• TL takes charge of the lead element/ ATL the rear element
Reconnaissance and Surveillance Leader Course
Contact Front (cont.)
•The deployment of the trail element is the opposite of the lead element. If the lead goes left, then the trail goes right
• Bound until contact is broken, or an escape route is identified, then get in a file and move out of the area to consolidate and reorganize
Reconnaissance and Surveillance Leader Course
Break Contact Front
Reconnaissance and Surveillance Leader Course
1st Bound
2nd Bound
Contact Front (cont.)
Reconnaissance and Surveillance Leader Course
Contact Rear
• The exact opposite of contact front
Reconnaissance and Surveillance Leader Course
Contact Left
Reconnaissance and Surveillance Leader Course
Contact Right
• Exactly the opposite of contact left
Reconnaissance and Surveillance Leader Course
How long should the time fuse be on a claymore for breaking contact?
Reconnaissance and Surveillance Leader Course
How long should the time fuse be on a claymore for breaking contact?
30-60 seconds
Reconnaissance and Surveillance Leader Course
Enabling Learning Objective I
Action: React to ambush/sniper
Conditions: Given a field environment with BDU’s, LBE, rucksack, M4 carbine, all necessary ammunition and pyrotechnics, and a block of instruction.
Standards: React to ambush/sniper IAW team SOPS, FM 7-8, and FM 7-93.
Reconnaissance and Surveillance Leader Course
Near Ambush
• Near ambush designed to draw you into kill zone
• Team will rush through the ambush attempting to place a wall of lead into the ambush line
Reconnaissance and Surveillance Leader Course
• Use heavy smoke on the initial contact
• React to far ambush the same as react to contact
Far Ambush
Reconnaissance and Surveillance Leader Course
React to Sniper
• On initial contact, throw smoke and allow it to billow before moving
• Utilize your man down drills
• Move quickly out of the area using bounds
Reconnaissance and Surveillance Leader Course
What must a Recon team do initially during a sniper attack?
Reconnaissance and Surveillance Leader Course
What must a Recon team do initially during a sniper attack?
Seek cover and throw smoke
Reconnaissance and Surveillance Leader Course
Enabling Learning Objective J
Action: React to indirect fire/ air attack/ flares
Conditions: Given a field environment with BDUs, LBE, rucksack, M4 carbine, all necessary ammunition and pyrotechnics, and a block of instruction.
Standards: React to indirect fire/air attack/flares IAW team SOPS, FM 7-8, and FM 7-93.
Reconnaissance and Surveillance Leader Course
React to Indirect Fire
• When rounds are incoming, the team will go to the prone to avoid casualties• After initial volley, the TL will give a distance and direction to move (1 o’clock 300 meters)• After initial movement vary your direction• The team picks up and moves out as directed• Continue to do this until out of the danger area• Take advantage of any escape routes
Reconnaissance and Surveillance Leader Course
1 o’clock300 meters
Reconnaissance and Surveillance Leader Course
React to Air Attack
• Upon seeing aircraft, the team will freeze to avoid the aircraft from seeing them• If seen, the team will take available cover immediately, If no cover is available, the team will disperse to minimize the damage a strafing run will incur• The team will throw multiple smokes to confuse the aircraft• After the aircraft makes a run, the team will pick up and move to cover
Reconnaissance and Surveillance Leader Course
React to Flares
Aerial Flares
• If the flare is going up, go to the prone
• If the flare is already up, freeze and then get down slowly
Ground Flares• Get out of the area as quickly as possible • Keep in mind to move out the opposite direction
Reconnaissance and Surveillance Leader Course
What is the first thing the team will do upon receiving indirect fire?
Reconnaissance and Surveillance Leader Course
What is the first thing the team will do upon receiving indirect fire?
Get down on the ground
Reconnaissance and Surveillance Leader Course
After initial movement, what should the team do?
Reconnaissance and Surveillance Leader Course
After initial movement, what should the team do?
Change their direction
Reconnaissance and Surveillance Leader Course
Enabling Learning Objective K
Action: Break from hide/surveillance
Conditions: Given a field environment with BDUs, LBE, rucksack, M4 carbine, all necessary ammunition and pyrotechnics, and a block of instruction.
Standards: Break from hide/surveillance IAW team SOPS, FM 7-8, and FM 7-93.
Reconnaissance and Surveillance Leader Course
Break from Hide/Surv Sites
• Well planned-alert procedures• Equipment packed at all times• Notify other site prior to breakout-if possible• Detonate all claymores simultaneously• Smoke (emplaced or thrown)• Bounding
Reconnaissance and Surveillance Leader Course
Reconnaissance and Surveillance Leader Course
Reconnaissance and Surveillance Leader Course
Reconnaissance and Surveillance Leader Course
• Movement techniques and battle drills − Movement formation− Security halts− Danger areas− Rally/rendevous points− Perform linkup− Patrol base − Hand & arm signals− Break contact− React to ambush/sniper− React to air attack/indirect fire/flares− Break from hide/surveillance
SUMMARY
Reconnaissance and Surveillance Leader Course
QUESTIONS?QUESTIONS?
Reconnaissance and Surveillance Leader Course
What is the purpose of using a file formation?
Reconnaissance and Surveillance Leader Course
What is the purpose of using a file formation?
Thick vegetation, during limited visibility, or when speed is needed
Reconnaissance and Surveillance Leader Course
When crossing a linear danger area where is security emplaced?
Reconnaissance and Surveillance Leader Course
When crossing a linear danger area where is security emplaced?
Positioned behind cover
Reconnaissance and Surveillance Leader Course
When are rally and rendezvous points designated ?
Reconnaissance and Surveillance Leader Course
When are Rally and Rendezvous points designated?
Rally points- enroute
Rendezvous points- during planning
Reconnaissance and Surveillance Leader Course
Characteristics of a linkup?
Reconnaissance and Surveillance Leader Course
Characteristics of a linkup?
• Easily recognizable terrain• Cover and Concealment• Off natural lines of drift• Multiple access and escape routes
Reconnaissance and Surveillance Leader Course
Purpose of a patrol base?
Reconnaissance and Surveillance Leader Course
Purpose of a patrol base?
• Rest / refit • Planning • Maintenance• resupply
Reconnaissance and Surveillance Leader Course
When breaking contact, whendo we drop rucks?
Reconnaissance and Surveillance Leader Course
When breaking contact, when
do we drop rucks?
Only as a last result
Reconnaissance and Surveillance Leader Course
Prior to breaking from the hide/surveillance site what do we want to do?
Reconnaissance and Surveillance Leader Course
Prior to breaking from the hide/surveillance site what do we want to do?
Notify the other site prior if possible
Reconnaissance and Surveillance Leader Course
Next class Cache
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